Battle of Kup: Difference between revisions

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox military conflict
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict   =Battle of Kup
| conflict         = Battle of Kup
|partof     =[[Indian Campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
| partof           = [[Indian Campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
|image       =
| image             =  
|caption     =
| caption           =  
|date       =5 February 1762<ref name =eos/>
| date             = 5 February 1762<ref name =eos/>
|place       =Kup
| place             = Kup
|coordinates =
| coordinates       =  
|map_type   =
| map_type         =  
|map_relief =
| map_relief       =  
|latitude   =
| latitude         =  
|longitude   =
| longitude         =  
|map_size   =
| map_size         =  
|map_marksize =
| map_marksize     =  
|map_caption =
| map_caption       =  
|map_label   =
| map_label         =  
|territory   =
| territory         =  
|result     =Afghan victory<ref name="landford"/><ref name="gupta"/>
| result           = Afghan victory<ref name="landford"/><ref name="gupta"/>
|status     =
| status           =  
|combatant1 =[[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg|23px]] [[Sikh Confederacy]]
| combatant1       = [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg|23px]] [[Sikh Confederacy]]
|combatant2 = [[File:Abdali flag.png|40px]] [[Durrani Empire]]
| combatant2       = [[File:Abdali flag.png|40px]] [[Durrani Empire]]
|commander1 =Unknown
| commander1       = [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]]<br>[[Charat Singh]]
|commander2 =[[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
| commander2       = [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]<br>Jahan Khan<ref name="Ahmad Shah Durrani,father of modern Afghanistan">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Ganda |title=Ahmad Shah Durrani,father of modern Afghanistan |pages=275-280 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5426/page/n297/mode/1up}}</ref><br>Shah Wali Khan<ref name="Ahmad Shah Durrani,father of modern Afghanistan">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Ganda |title=Ahmad Shah Durrani,father of modern Afghanistan |pages=275-280 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5426/page/n297/mode/1up}}</ref><br>[[Zain Khan Sirhindi]]<ref name="Ahmad Shah Durrani,father of modern Afghanistan" /><br>Bhikhan Khan<ref name="Ahmad Shah Durrani,father of modern Afghanistan" /><br>Murtaza Khan Baraich<ref name="Ahmad Shah Durrani,father of modern Afghanistan" /><br>Qasim Khan Marhal<ref name="Ahmad Shah Durrani,father of modern Afghanistan" /><br>Lachhmi Narayan<ref name="Ahmad Shah Durrani,father of modern Afghanistan" />
|units1     =
| units1           =  
|units2     =
| units2           =  
|strength1   =30,000<ref name="landford"/>
| strength1         = 30,000<ref name="landford"/>
|strength2   =40,000<ref name="singh" />
| strength2         = 40,000<ref name="singh" />
|casualties1 =10,000 to 20,000<ref name="gupta"/><ref name="landford"/>
| casualties1       = 10,000 to 20,000<ref name="gupta"/><ref name="landford"/>
|casualties2 =10,000<ref name="singh" />
| casualties2       = 10,000<ref name="singh" />
|notes       =
| notes             =  
}}
}}
The '''Battle of Kup''' was fought on 5 February 1762 between the Afghan forces of [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] and the Sikhs.<ref name=eos>{{cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx |title=Vadda Ghallurghara |last1=Bhatia |first1=Sardar Singh |date= |website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala|access-date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="singh" /> Ahmad Shah Durrani with around 40,000 Soldiers reached Malerkotla, west of Sirhind, where nearly 30,000 Sikh men, women, children and elderly were encamped. With surprise attack, the Sikhs threw a human shield around civilians as protection and fought the battle killing several thousand Afghans. However, Abdali was able to break the ring and carried a full scale massacre.<ref name="gupta"/> Ahmad Shah's forces killed several thousand Sikhs, and the surviving Sikhs fled to Barnala. As many as 10,000 to 20,000 Sikh men, women, elderly and children were killed in what is known as, the second Sikh holocaust (Wadda Ghalughara).<ref name="landford">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxwIDgAAQBAJ&q=1762+sikhs+afghans&pg=PA21|title=Afghanistan at War: From the 18th-Century Durrani Dynasty to the 21st Century|page=21|author=Lansford, Tom|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598847604|year=2017}}</ref><ref name="gupta">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SluAAAAMAAJ|title=History of the Sikhs, Volume 1|author=Gupta, Hari Ram|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|isbn=9788121505406|year=2001}}</ref><ref name="singh">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD9uAAAAMAAJ|title=A History of the Sikhs: 1469-1838|author=Singh, Khushwant|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195673081|year=2004}}</ref>
The '''Battle of Kup''' was fought on 5 February 1762, between the [[Durrani Empire|Afghan]] forces of [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] and the [[Sikhs]], under the command of [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]] and [[Charat Singh]].<ref name=eos>{{cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx |title=Vadda Ghallurghara |last1=Bhatia |first1=Sardar Singh |date= |website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala|access-date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="singh" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ganda |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5426/page/n302/mode/2up |title=Ahmed Shah Durrani Father of Modern Afghanistan |publisher=Asia Publishing House |year=1959 |page=279}}</ref> Ahmad Shah Durrani with around 40,000 Soldiers reached [[Malerkotla]], west of [[Sirhind]], where nearly 30,000 Sikh men, women, children and elderly were encamped.<ref name="landford"/> With surprise attack, the Sikhs threw a human shield around civilians as protection and fought the battle killing several thousand Afghans. However, Abdali was able to break the ring and carried out a full scale massacre of the Sikh civilians.<ref name="gupta"/> Ahmad Shah's forces killed several thousand Sikhs, and the surviving Sikhs fled to [[Barnala]]. As many as 10,000 to 20,000 Sikh men, women, elderly and children were killed in what is known as the second Sikh holocaust ([[Vadda Ghalughara]]).<ref name="landford">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxwIDgAAQBAJ&q=1762+sikhs+afghans&pg=PA21|title=Afghanistan at War: From the 18th-Century Durrani Dynasty to the 21st Century|page=21|author=Lansford, Tom|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598847604|year=2017}}</ref><ref name="gupta">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SluAAAAMAAJ|title=History of the Sikhs, Volume 1|author=Gupta, Hari Ram|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|isbn=9788121505406|year=2001}}</ref><ref name="singh">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD9uAAAAMAAJ|title=A History of the Sikhs: 1469-1838|author=Singh, Khushwant|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195673081|year=2004}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Battles involving the Sikhs|Kup]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Sikhs|Kup]]


 
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Latest revision as of 00:35, 15 December 2022

Battle of Kup
Part of Indian Campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani
Date5 February 1762[1]
Location
Kup
Result Afghan victory[2][3]
Belligerents
Sikh Confederacy Durrani Empire
Commanders and leaders
Jassa Singh Ahluwalia
Charat Singh		 Ahmad Shah Durrani
Jahan Khan[4]
Shah Wali Khan[4]
Zain Khan Sirhindi[4]
Bhikhan Khan[4]
Murtaza Khan Baraich[4]
Qasim Khan Marhal[4]
Lachhmi Narayan[4]
Strength
30,000[2] 40,000[5]
Casualties and losses
10,000 to 20,000[3][2] 10,000[5]

The Battle of Kup was fought on 5 February 1762, between the Afghan forces of Ahmad Shah Durrani and the Sikhs, under the command of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and Charat Singh.[1][5][6] Ahmad Shah Durrani with around 40,000 Soldiers reached Malerkotla, west of Sirhind, where nearly 30,000 Sikh men, women, children and elderly were encamped.[2] With surprise attack, the Sikhs threw a human shield around civilians as protection and fought the battle killing several thousand Afghans. However, Abdali was able to break the ring and carried out a full scale massacre of the Sikh civilians.[3] Ahmad Shah's forces killed several thousand Sikhs, and the surviving Sikhs fled to Barnala. As many as 10,000 to 20,000 Sikh men, women, elderly and children were killed in what is known as the second Sikh holocaust (Vadda Ghalughara).[2][3][5]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bhatia, Sardar Singh. "Vadda Ghallurghara". Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Punjabi University Patiala. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Lansford, Tom (2017). Afghanistan at War: From the 18th-Century Durrani Dynasty to the 21st Century. ABC-CLIO. p. 21. ISBN 9781598847604.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Gupta, Hari Ram (2001). History of the Sikhs, Volume 1. Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 9788121505406.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Singh, Ganda. Ahmad Shah Durrani,father of modern Afghanistan. pp. 275–280.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Singh, Khushwant (2004). A History of the Sikhs: 1469-1838. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195673081.
  6. ↑ Singh, Ganda (1959). Ahmed Shah Durrani Father of Modern Afghanistan. Asia Publishing House. p. 279.

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