1,326
edits
robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.
>GreenC bot (Reformat 2 archive links. Wayback Medic 2.5) |
(robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.) |
||
| (One intermediate revision by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
| manufacturer = [[Bharat Electronics Limited|Bharat Electronics]] | | manufacturer = [[Bharat Electronics Limited|Bharat Electronics]] | ||
| introdate = | | introdate = | ||
| number = | | number = 46 | ||
| type = Artillery Locating Radar | | type = Artillery Locating Radar | ||
| frequency = [[C band (IEEE)|C band]]<ref name="DRDO Brochure" /> | | frequency = [[C band (IEEE)|C band]]<ref name="DRDO Brochure" /> | ||
| range= Artillery → 2-30 km <br>Rockets → 4- | | range= Artillery → 2-30 km <br>Rockets → 4-80 km <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/bel-receives-order-army-procure-mountain-variant-of-weapon-locating-radar-7985127/|title=BEL receives order from Army to procure mountain variant of Weapon Locating Radar|publisher=The Indian Express|date=23 June 2022}}</ref><br>Mortars → 2-20 km<ref name="DRDO Brochure 2" /> | ||
| altitude = <!--{{m to ft|X|addr=yes}}--> | | altitude = <!--{{m to ft|X|addr=yes}}--> | ||
| diameter = <!--{{m to ft|X|addr=yes}}--> | | diameter = <!--{{m to ft|X|addr=yes}}--> | ||
| Line 54: | Line 54: | ||
At a given position, the radar can scan for targets in one quadrant, encompassing a 90° sector. The array can electronically scan up to +/-45° from its mean bearing. Additionally, for 360° coverage from a given position, the whole array can be rotated by 135° on either side within 30 seconds to quickly change the scanning sector in response to threats.<ref name="DRDO Brochure" /> | At a given position, the radar can scan for targets in one quadrant, encompassing a 90° sector. The array can electronically scan up to +/-45° from its mean bearing. Additionally, for 360° coverage from a given position, the whole array can be rotated by 135° on either side within 30 seconds to quickly change the scanning sector in response to threats.<ref name="DRDO Brochure" /> | ||
Upon detecting an incoming round, the automatically acquires and classifies the threat and initiates a track sequence, while continuing to search for new targets. The incoming round's trajectory is tracked, and a computer program analyses the track data and then extrapolates the round's point of origin. This calculated point of origin is then reported to the radar operator | Upon detecting an incoming round, the automatically acquires and classifies the threat and initiates a track sequence, while continuing to search for new targets. The incoming round's trajectory is tracked, and a computer program analyses the track data and then extrapolates the round's point of origin. This calculated point of origin is then reported to the radar operator and can be stored up to 99 target locations with broad digital map displays thus allowing friendly artillery to direct counter-battery fire towards the enemy artillery.<ref name="DRDO Brochure" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Strakes |first=Jason E. |title=Armenia’s New Swathi Radar and Defense Imports from India: Eurasian Geostrategy or Technology Interface? - PONARS Eurasia |url=https://www.ponarseurasia.org/armenias-new-swathi-radar-and-defense-imports-from-india-eurasian-geostrategy-or-technology-interface/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=ponarseurasia.org |language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
The WLR also allows for remote operation, and data-linking for better situational awareness at higher echelons of the command hierarchy. The data can be automatically transmitted to a command center, and can communicate with higher echelons. The radar data can also be displayed on a remote screen to protect operators from any targeted attacks on the radar. The operators can also remotely change the scanning sector.<ref name="DRDO Brochure" /> Many radars can be networked together to work in tandem and increase the accuracy and provide more information. | The WLR also allows for remote operation, and data-linking for better situational awareness at higher echelons of the command hierarchy. The data can be automatically transmitted to a command center, and can communicate with higher echelons. The radar data can also be displayed on a remote screen to protect operators from any targeted attacks on the radar. The operators can also remotely change the scanning sector.<ref name="DRDO Brochure" /> Many radars can be networked together to work in tandem and increase the accuracy and provide more information. | ||
| Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
A basic prototype of the WLR was first unveiled at [[Aero India]]-2003.<ref name="ACIG AI-03">[http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_227.shtml Picture of the WLR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010180852/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_227.shtml |date=10 October 2014 }} from [[Aero India]]-2003.</ref> The WLR was showcased at the Republic Day Parade in 2007.<ref>{{cite press release | title = Republic Day 2007 - A curtain raiser | publisher = Press Information Bureau, [[Government of India|GoI]] | date = 25 January 2007 | url = http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page1.asp?relid=24362 | access-date = 2008-07-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110605163201/http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page1.asp?relid=24362 | archive-date = 5 June 2011 | url-status = live }}</ref> User trials of the WLR began in 2005. The Army also used WLRs to further their "[[shoot-and-scoot]]" doctrine using self-propelled guns and artillery to loosen up defence before an offensive onslaught into hostile territory.<ref name="What is India" /> By mid-2006, the WLR was in advanced user acceptance trials and the radar was stated to be ready for production.<ref>{{cite news |title=India developing weapon locating radar |url=http://www.defenceindia.com/company_news/news133.html |publisher=Defence India |location=Bangalore |date=20 December 2005 |access-date=2008-01-23 |quote="It (weapon locating radar) is in the final stage of evaluation. Once evaluation is complete, we will deliver it to armed forces," chairman and managing director of BEL, Y Gopala Rao, told reporters. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319232818/http://www.defenceindia.com/company_news/news133.html |archive-date=19 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Weapon locating radar in final evaluation stage | url = http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/21/stories/2005122125480400.htm | work = [[The Hindu]] | date = 21 December 2005 | access-date = 2008-07-25 | quote = Electronics and Radar Development Establishment (LRDE) and Bharat Electronics Limited are in the process of developing a weapon-locating radar, similar to the phased array Rajendra radar system, customised for airborne and ground defence systems. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090210164521/http://hindu.com/2005/12/21/stories/2005122125480400.htm | archive-date = 10 February 2009 | url-status = dead }}</ref> | A basic prototype of the WLR was first unveiled at [[Aero India]]-2003.<ref name="ACIG AI-03">[http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_227.shtml Picture of the WLR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010180852/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_227.shtml |date=10 October 2014 }} from [[Aero India]]-2003.</ref> The WLR was showcased at the Republic Day Parade in 2007.<ref>{{cite press release | title = Republic Day 2007 - A curtain raiser | publisher = Press Information Bureau, [[Government of India|GoI]] | date = 25 January 2007 | url = http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page1.asp?relid=24362 | access-date = 2008-07-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110605163201/http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page1.asp?relid=24362 | archive-date = 5 June 2011 | url-status = live }}</ref> User trials of the WLR began in 2005. The Army also used WLRs to further their "[[shoot-and-scoot]]" doctrine using self-propelled guns and artillery to loosen up defence before an offensive onslaught into hostile territory.<ref name="What is India" /> By mid-2006, the WLR was in advanced user acceptance trials and the radar was stated to be ready for production.<ref>{{cite news |title=India developing weapon locating radar |url=http://www.defenceindia.com/company_news/news133.html |publisher=Defence India |location=Bangalore |date=20 December 2005 |access-date=2008-01-23 |quote="It (weapon locating radar) is in the final stage of evaluation. Once evaluation is complete, we will deliver it to armed forces," chairman and managing director of BEL, Y Gopala Rao, told reporters. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319232818/http://www.defenceindia.com/company_news/news133.html |archive-date=19 March 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Weapon locating radar in final evaluation stage | url = http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/21/stories/2005122125480400.htm | work = [[The Hindu]] | date = 21 December 2005 | access-date = 2008-07-25 | quote = Electronics and Radar Development Establishment (LRDE) and Bharat Electronics Limited are in the process of developing a weapon-locating radar, similar to the phased array Rajendra radar system, customised for airborne and ground defence systems. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090210164521/http://hindu.com/2005/12/21/stories/2005122125480400.htm | archive-date = 10 February 2009 | url-status = dead }}</ref> | ||
After user trials by the Indian Army in severe electronic clutter and "high density fire environment", in June 2008, the WLR was accepted by the [[Indian Army]].<ref name="Luthra" /> 28 units are on order, and are being manufactured by BEL. A large number of components will be sourced from the private sector, including some [[commercial off-the-shelf]] (COTS) components from the international market.<ref name="Luthra" /> The WLR will eventually service the Army's requirement for 40-50 systems.<ref>{{cite news |title=India to test long-range Agni missile next year |url=http://www.indianembassy.org/i_digest/2004/jan_15/agni.htm |work=India Digest |publisher=[[Embassy of India in Washington]] |date=15 January 2004 |access-date=2008-01-23 |quote=DRDO's weapon-locating radar would be in competition to fill the Indian Army's need for 40-50 such systems. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215204829/http://www.indianembassy.org/i_digest/2004/jan_15/agni.htm |archive-date=15 December 2004}}</ref> Further improved versions of the WLR are being planned and designed,<ref name="Luthra" /> including longer range versions, as well as more compact variants for better operation and navigation over mountainous terrains. The [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) officially handed over the WLR Swathi to the [[Indian Army]] on 2 March 2017 for service induction. Currently, the radar is using a [[Passive electronically scanned array|'passive' array]] but efforts are going on to upgrade it with an [[Active electronically scanned array|'active' array]] to enhance performance and reliability.<ref>{{cite news | title = DRDO radar handed over to Army; to bring down LoC artillery fire: Parrikar | url = http://www.oneindia.com/india/drdo-radar-handed-over-to-army-to-bring-down-loc-artillery-2363200.html | publisher = One India | date = 2 March 2017 | access-date = 2017-03-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190210055048/https://www.oneindia.com/india/drdo-radar-handed-over-to-army-to-bring-down-loc-artillery-2363200.html | archive-date = 10 February 2019 | url-status = live }}</ref> | After user trials by the Indian Army in severe electronic clutter and "high density fire environment", in June 2008, the WLR was accepted by the [[Indian Army]].<ref name="Luthra" /> 28 units are on order, and are being manufactured by BEL. A large number of components will be sourced from the private sector, including some [[commercial off-the-shelf]] (COTS) components from the international market.<ref name="Luthra" /> The WLR will eventually service the Army's requirement for 40-50 systems.<ref>{{cite news |title=India to test long-range Agni missile next year |url=http://www.indianembassy.org/i_digest/2004/jan_15/agni.htm |work=India Digest |publisher=[[Embassy of India in Washington]] |date=15 January 2004 |access-date=2008-01-23 |quote=DRDO's weapon-locating radar would be in competition to fill the Indian Army's need for 40-50 such systems. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215204829/http://www.indianembassy.org/i_digest/2004/jan_15/agni.htm |archive-date=15 December 2004}}</ref> Further improved versions of the WLR are being planned and designed,<ref name="Luthra" /> including longer range versions, as well as more compact variants for better operation and navigation over mountainous terrains. The [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) officially handed over the WLR Swathi to the [[Indian Army]] on 2 March 2017 for service induction. Currently, the radar is using a [[Passive electronically scanned array|'passive' array]] but efforts are going on to upgrade it with an [[Active electronically scanned array|'active' array]] to enhance performance and reliability.<ref>{{cite news | title = DRDO radar handed over to Army; to bring down LoC artillery fire: Parrikar | url = http://www.oneindia.com/india/drdo-radar-handed-over-to-army-to-bring-down-loc-artillery-2363200.html | publisher = One India | date = 2 March 2017 | access-date = 2017-03-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190210055048/https://www.oneindia.com/india/drdo-radar-handed-over-to-army-to-bring-down-loc-artillery-2363200.html | archive-date = 10 February 2019 | url-status = live }}</ref> | ||
Armenia had conducted trials of similar systems offered by Russia and Poland, but they gave the final nod to the Indian system. The deal is for supplying four SWATHI weapon locating radars manufactured by [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] (BEL) to Armenia. As per the agreement, India will supply four SWATHI weapon locating radars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India pips Russia, Poland to secure $40 million defence deal with Armenia |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/india-pips-russia-poland-to-secure--40-million-defence-deal-to-armenia/story/397235.html |website=businesstoday.in |access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> | Armenia had conducted trials of similar systems offered by Russia and Poland, but they gave the final nod to the Indian system. The deal is for supplying four SWATHI weapon locating radars manufactured by [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] (BEL) to Armenia. As per the agreement, India will supply four SWATHI weapon locating radars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India pips Russia, Poland to secure $40 million defence deal with Armenia |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/india-pips-russia-poland-to-secure--40-million-defence-deal-to-armenia/story/397235.html |website=businesstoday.in |access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> | ||
| Line 76: | Line 76: | ||
;{{IND}} | ;{{IND}} | ||
*[[Indian Army]] | *[[Indian Army]] : 30 MK.I in service <br/> 6 MK.II on order | ||
;{{ARM}} | ;{{ARM}} | ||
*[[ | *[[Armenian Ground Forces]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/india-pips-russia-poland-to-secure--40-million-defence-deal-to-armenia/story/397235.html|title=India pips Russia, Poland to secure $40 million defence deal to Armenia|website=businesstoday.in|access-date=2020-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aninews.in/news/national/general-news/india-beats-russia-poland-to-bag-40-million-defence-deal-in-europe20200301162402/|title=India beats Russia, Poland to bag $40 million defence deal in Europe|website=aninews.in|language=en|access-date=2020-03-01}}</ref> | ||
== Specifications == | == Specifications == | ||
<ref name="DRDO Brochure" /><ref name="DRDO Brochure 2" /> | <ref name="DRDO Brochure" /><ref name="DRDO Brochure 2" /> | ||
=== Performance === | === Performance === | ||
*'''Range:''' | *'''Range:''' | ||
**'''> 81 mm mortars:''' 2–20 km | **'''> 81 mm mortars:''' 2–20 km | ||
**'''> 105 mm guns:''' 2–30 km | **'''> 105 mm guns:''' 2–30 km | ||
**'''Unguided rockets:''' | **'''Unguided rockets:''' 4–48 km <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/bel-receives-order-army-procure-mountain-variant-of-weapon-locating-radar-7985127/|title=BEL receives order from Army to procure mountain variant of Weapon Locating Radar|publisher=The Indian Express|date=23 June 2022}}</ref> | ||
*'''Elevation coverage:''' −5 to 75° | *'''Elevation coverage:''' −5 to 75° | ||
*'''Azimuth coverage:''' ±45° mean settable bearing | *'''Azimuth coverage:''' ±45° mean settable bearing | ||
| Line 116: | Line 117: | ||
*[[Penicillin (counter-artillery system)]] | *[[Penicillin (counter-artillery system)]] | ||
*[[Red Color]] | *[[Red Color]] | ||
*[[SLC-2 Radar]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||