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Wing commander: Difference between revisions
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{{Redirect|Wing Commander|the video game franchise|Wing Commander (franchise){{!}}''Wing Commander'' (franchise)|5=Wing Commander (disambiguation)}}{{short description|Commissioned rank in the RAF and air forces of other Commonwealth countries}} | {{Redirect|Wing Commander|the video game franchise|Wing Commander (franchise){{!}}''Wing Commander'' (franchise)|5=Wing Commander (disambiguation)}}{{short description|Commissioned rank in the RAF and air forces of other Commonwealth countries}} | ||
{{EngvarB|date=January | {{EngvarB|date=January 2017}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}} | ||
{{Infobox military rank | {{Infobox military rank | ||
| name = Wing Commander | | name = Wing Commander | ||
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On 1 April 1918, the newly created RAF adopted its officer rank titles from the British Army, with Royal Naval Air Service captains and Royal Flying Corps colonels officially becoming colonels in the RAF although there was some inconsistency in practice with some former naval officers using their former ranks unofficially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fleet Air Arm, Naval Aviation, Royal Navy Air Service History- 1918 - 1 April: RNAS and RFC amalgamated to create RAF |url=https://www.fleetairarmoa.org/fleet-air-arm-history-timeline |website=www.fleetairarmoa.org |publisher=Fleet Air Arm Officers Association |access-date=27 February | On 1 April 1918, the newly created RAF adopted its officer rank titles from the British Army, with Royal Naval Air Service captains and Royal Flying Corps colonels officially becoming colonels in the RAF although there was some inconsistency in practice with some former naval officers using their former ranks unofficially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fleet Air Arm, Naval Aviation, Royal Navy Air Service History- 1918 - 1 April: RNAS and RFC amalgamated to create RAF |url=https://www.fleetairarmoa.org/fleet-air-arm-history-timeline |website=www.fleetairarmoa.org |publisher=Fleet Air Arm Officers Association |access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref> In response to the proposal that the RAF should use its own rank titles, it was suggested that the RAF might use the Royal Navy's officer ranks, with the word "air" inserted before the naval rank title. For example, the rank that later became wing commander would have been "air commander". Although the [[British Admiralty|Admiralty]] objected to this simple modification of their rank titles, it was agreed that the RAF might base many of its officer rank titles on naval officer ranks with differing pre-modifying terms. It was also suggested that RAF lieutenant colonels might be entitled [[Reeve (England)|reeves]] or wing-leaders. However, the rank title wing commander was chosen as [[Wing (air force unit)|wings]] were typically commanded by RAF lieutenant colonels and the term wing commander had been used in the Royal Naval Air Service. The rank of wing commander was introduced in August 1919<ref>{{cite book |last=Hobart |first=Malcolm C |date=2000 |title=Badges and Uniforms of the Royal Air Force |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ATMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT29 |publisher=Leo Cooper |page=26 |isbn=0-85052-739-2}}</ref> and has been used continuously since then. | ||
==Usage== | ==Usage== | ||
In the early years of the RAF, a wing commander commanded a flying wing, typically a group of three or four aircraft [[Squadron (aviation)|squadrons]]. In current usage a wing commander is more likely to command a wing which is an administrative sub-division of an [[RAF station]]. A flying squadron is normally commanded by a wing commander but is occasionally commanded by a squadron leader for small units. In the [[Air Training Corps]], a wing commander is usually the [[officer commanding]] of a wing.{{citation needed|date=April | In the early years of the RAF, a wing commander commanded a flying wing, typically a group of three or four aircraft [[Squadron (aviation)|squadrons]]. In current usage a wing commander is more likely to command a wing which is an administrative sub-division of an [[RAF station]]. A flying squadron is normally commanded by a wing commander but is occasionally commanded by a squadron leader for small units. In the [[Air Training Corps]], a wing commander is usually the [[officer commanding]] of a wing.{{citation needed|date=April 2011}} | ||
==Insignia and command flag== | ==Insignia and command flag== | ||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
==Other air forces== | ==Other air forces== | ||
{{More citations needed|section|date=September 2021}} | {{More citations needed|section|date=September 2021}} | ||
The rank of wing commander is also used in a number of the air forces in the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]], including the [[Bangladesh Air Force]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://baf.mil.bd/website/rank.php |title=BAF Ranks |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2020 |website=Bangladesh Air Force Website |publisher=BAF Communication Unit |access-date=13 December | The rank of wing commander is also used in a number of the air forces in the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]], including the [[Bangladesh Air Force]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://baf.mil.bd/website/rank.php |title=BAF Ranks |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2020 |website=Bangladesh Air Force Website |publisher=BAF Communication Unit |access-date=13 December 2020}}</ref> [[Ghana Air Force]], [[Nigerian Air Force]], [[Indian Air Force]],<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Officer ranks in Indian Army, Air Force and Navy |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/officer-ranks-in-indian-army-air-force-and-navy-1464351-2019-02-25 |work=[[India Today]] |location=[[New Delhi]] |date=25 February 2019 |access-date=19 December 2020}}</ref> [[Namibian Air Force]], [[Pakistan Air Force]], [[Royal Australian Air Force]], [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]], and the [[Sri Lankan Air Force]].{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} It is also used in the [[Egyptian Air Force]], [[Hellenic Air Force]], [[Royal Air Force of Oman]], [[Royal Thai Air Force]] and the [[Air Force of Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afz.gov.zw/?page_id=1115 |title=Ranks and Badges in the AFZ |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2020 |website=Air Force of Zimbabwe Website |publisher=Air Force of Zimbabwe |access-date=13 December 2020}}</ref> The [[Royal Malaysian Air Force]] used the rank until it was retitled as that of [[lieutenant colonel]] in 1973, with the same rank insignia.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
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* [[Roly Falk]]{{spaced endash}}test pilot on the maiden flight of the [[Avro Vulcan]] | * [[Roly Falk]]{{spaced endash}}test pilot on the maiden flight of the [[Avro Vulcan]] | ||
* [[Brendan Finucane|Brendan "Paddy" Finucane]]{{spaced endash}}top ranking RAF World War II ace with 32 kills. A native of [[Rathmines]], Dublin, Ireland (who [[Emigration|emigrated]] to Britain with his family in 1936), he is the youngest wing commander in the history of the RAF. He was promoted to the rank in 1942 at age 21 and was shot down and killed shortly thereafter | * [[Brendan Finucane|Brendan "Paddy" Finucane]]{{spaced endash}}top ranking RAF World War II ace with 32 kills. A native of [[Rathmines]], Dublin, Ireland (who [[Emigration|emigrated]] to Britain with his family in 1936), he is the youngest wing commander in the history of the RAF. He was promoted to the rank in 1942 at age 21 and was shot down and killed shortly thereafter | ||
* [[Preller Geldenhuys]]{{spaced endash}}combat pilot in the [[Rhodesian Air Force]], survivor of the Rhodesian War and author of ''[[Rhodesian Air Force Operations]]''<ref name=airstrikelog>{{Cite book|title = Rhodesian Air Force Operations with Air Strike Log|last1 = Geldenhuys|first1 = Preller|author-link1=Preller Geldenhuys|publisher = Just Done Productions Publishing|year = 2007|isbn = 978-1-920169-61-9|location = Durban, South Africa|url = http://www.justdone.co.za/shop/index.php?id_product=29&controller=product|publication-date=13 July | * [[Preller Geldenhuys]]{{spaced endash}}combat pilot in the [[Rhodesian Air Force]], survivor of the Rhodesian War and author of ''[[Rhodesian Air Force Operations]]''<ref name=airstrikelog>{{Cite book|title = Rhodesian Air Force Operations with Air Strike Log|last1 = Geldenhuys|first1 = Preller|author-link1=Preller Geldenhuys|publisher = Just Done Productions Publishing|year = 2007|isbn = 978-1-920169-61-9|location = Durban, South Africa|url = http://www.justdone.co.za/shop/index.php?id_product=29&controller=product|publication-date=13 July 2007}}</ref> | ||
* [[Guy Gibson]]{{spaced endash}}commanding officer of 617 Squadron and leader of the "Dam Busters" raid | * [[Guy Gibson]]{{spaced endash}}commanding officer of 617 Squadron and leader of the "Dam Busters" raid | ||
* [[Andy Green (RAF officer)|Andy Green]]{{spaced endash}}current holder of the [[land speed record]] and first person to break the sound barrier on land | * [[Andy Green (RAF officer)|Andy Green]]{{spaced endash}}current holder of the [[land speed record]] and first person to break the sound barrier on land | ||
* Walter "Taffy" Holden ([[Holden%27s Lightning flight]]) {{spaced endash}} Commander of [[No. 33 Maintenance Unit RAF]]; inadvertently took off in an [[English Electric Lightning]] during ground testing; managed to land safely despite his only prior experience being with light training aircraft. | * Walter "Taffy" Holden ([[Holden%27s Lightning flight]]) {{spaced endash}} Commander of [[No. 33 Maintenance Unit RAF]]; inadvertently took off in an [[English Electric Lightning]] during ground testing; managed to land safely despite his only prior experience being with light training aircraft. | ||
* [[Humphrey de Verd Leigh]]{{spaced endash}}inventor of the [[Leigh light]] which was developed to spotlight U-boats as they surfaced at night. The Leigh light is reputed{{Who|date=December | * [[Humphrey de Verd Leigh]]{{spaced endash}}inventor of the [[Leigh light]] which was developed to spotlight U-boats as they surfaced at night. The Leigh light is reputed{{Who|date=December 2011}} to have changed the course of the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II | ||
* [[Norman Macmillan (RAF officer)|Norman Macmillan]]{{spaced endash}}Aviation author and pilot of the first attempt to fly around the world in 1922. | * [[Norman Macmillan (RAF officer)|Norman Macmillan]]{{spaced endash}}Aviation author and pilot of the first attempt to fly around the world in 1922. | ||
* [[Mervyn Middlecoat]]{{spaced endash}}fighter pilot who belonged to Pakistan Air Force | * [[Mervyn Middlecoat]]{{spaced endash}}fighter pilot who belonged to Pakistan Air Force | ||
* Nouman Ali Khan{{spaced endash}}Wing Commander of the [[Pakistan Air Force]] who downed an [[Indian Air Force]] [[MiG-21]] piloted by Abhinandan Varthamanand and crashed in Pakistan administered Kashmir on 27 February 2019. He was conferred with [[Sitar-e-Jurat]] for his bravery<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/pakistan-military-awards-pilots-downing-indian-jet-1581034-2019-08-15|title=Pakistan to give top military awards to two pilots for downing Indian jet |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref> | * Nouman Ali Khan{{spaced endash}}Wing Commander of the [[Pakistan Air Force]] who downed an [[Indian Air Force]] [[MiG-21]] piloted by Abhinandan Varthamanand and crashed in Pakistan administered Kashmir on 27 February 2019. He was conferred with [[Sitar-e-Jurat]] for his bravery<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/pakistan-military-awards-pilots-downing-indian-jet-1581034-2019-08-15|title=Pakistan to give top military awards to two pilots for downing Indian jet |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref> | ||
* [[Abhinandan Varthaman]]{{spaced endash}}Wing Commander of the [[Indian Air Force]].His aircraft was shot down in an aerial dogfight and he was held captive for 60 hours in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/defence/f16-shot-down-varthamans-mig21-locked-in-pakistans-f16/articleshow/68193757.cms|title=Abhinandan Varthaman's MiG21 locked in Pakistan's F16|language=en|author=Manu Pubby|access-date=15 January | * [[Abhinandan Varthaman]]{{spaced endash}}Wing Commander of the [[Indian Air Force]].His aircraft was shot down in an aerial dogfight and he was held captive for 60 hours in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/defence/f16-shot-down-varthamans-mig21-locked-in-pakistans-f16/articleshow/68193757.cms|title=Abhinandan Varthaman's MiG21 locked in Pakistan's F16|language=en|author=Manu Pubby|access-date=15 January 2020}}</ref> | ||
* [[Ken Wallis]]{{spaced endash}}World War II fighter pilot, aircraft engineer, and multiple world record holder in autogyro aircraft flight | * [[Ken Wallis]]{{spaced endash}}World War II fighter pilot, aircraft engineer, and multiple world record holder in autogyro aircraft flight | ||
* [[Adrian Warburton]]{{spaced endash}}legendary for his role as a reconnaissance aviator in the defence of [[Siege of Malta (1940)|Malta]]; shot down over Germany on 12 April 1944, aged 26. It was only in 2002 that his remains were found in the wreckage of his plane | * [[Adrian Warburton]]{{spaced endash}}legendary for his role as a reconnaissance aviator in the defence of [[Siege of Malta (1940)|Malta]]; shot down over Germany on 12 April 1944, aged 26. It was only in 2002 that his remains were found in the wreckage of his plane | ||
Revision as of 09:40, 19 November 2022
| Wing Commander | |
|---|---|
 An RAF wing commander's command pennant | |
 A wing commander's sleeve/shoulder insignia from the Royal Air Force | |
| Service branch | Air forces |
| Abbreviation | Wg Cdr / WGCDR / W/C |
| NATO rank code | OF-4 |
| Non-NATO rank | O-5 |
| Next higher rank | Group captain |
| Next lower rank | Squadron leader |
| Equivalent ranks | |
| Related articles | |
| History | Royal Naval Air Service |
Template:Military ranks Wing commander (Wg Cdr in the RAF, the IAF, and the PAF, WGCDR in the RNZAF and RAAF, formerly sometimes W/C in all services) is a senior commissioned rank in the British Royal Air Force and air forces of many countries which have historical British influence, including many Commonwealth countries but not including Canada (since Unification) and South Africa. It is sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in countries which have a non-English air force-specific rank structure. It ranks immediately above squadron leader and immediately below group captain.[1]
It has a NATO ranking code of OF-4. It is equivalent to commander in the Royal and United States Navies, as well as to lieutenant colonel in the British Army, the Royal Marines, and the United States Army, Air Force and Marine Corps. The equivalent rank in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force and the Women's Royal Air Force (until 1968) and in Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service (until 1980) was wing officer. The equivalent rank in the Royal Observer Corps (until 1995) was observer commander, which had a similar rank insignia.
Origins
On 1 April 1918, the newly created RAF adopted its officer rank titles from the British Army, with Royal Naval Air Service captains and Royal Flying Corps colonels officially becoming colonels in the RAF although there was some inconsistency in practice with some former naval officers using their former ranks unofficially.[2] In response to the proposal that the RAF should use its own rank titles, it was suggested that the RAF might use the Royal Navy's officer ranks, with the word "air" inserted before the naval rank title. For example, the rank that later became wing commander would have been "air commander". Although the Admiralty objected to this simple modification of their rank titles, it was agreed that the RAF might base many of its officer rank titles on naval officer ranks with differing pre-modifying terms. It was also suggested that RAF lieutenant colonels might be entitled reeves or wing-leaders. However, the rank title wing commander was chosen as wings were typically commanded by RAF lieutenant colonels and the term wing commander had been used in the Royal Naval Air Service. The rank of wing commander was introduced in August 1919[3] and has been used continuously since then.
Usage
In the early years of the RAF, a wing commander commanded a flying wing, typically a group of three or four aircraft squadrons. In current usage a wing commander is more likely to command a wing which is an administrative sub-division of an RAF station. A flying squadron is normally commanded by a wing commander but is occasionally commanded by a squadron leader for small units. In the Air Training Corps, a wing commander is usually the officer commanding of a wing.[citation needed]
Insignia and command flag
 | This section does not cite any sources. (September 2021) |
The rank insignia is based on the three gold bands of commanders in the Royal Navy and consists of three narrow light blue bands over slightly wider black bands. This is worn on both the lower sleeves of the tunic or on the shoulder of the flight suit or the casual uniform.
The command pennant is two triangular command pennants used in the RAF. Two thin red lines differentiate this one from the other.
During 1941-45 RAF Fighter Command's wing leaders (of wing commander rank) were also allowed to use their own initials as aircraft identification letters on their personal aircraft, e.g., Wing Commander Roland Beamont's personal Hawker Tempest, JN751, was coded "R-B", Wing Commander John Robert Baldwin's personal Hawker Typhoon was coded "J-B".
An RAF wing commander's sleeve/shoulder insignia
An RAF wing commander's sleeve mess insignia
An RAF wing commander's sleeve on No. 1 service dress uniform
Other air forces
| This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2021) |
The rank of wing commander is also used in a number of the air forces in the Commonwealth, including the Bangladesh Air Force,[4] Ghana Air Force, Nigerian Air Force, Indian Air Force,[5] Namibian Air Force, Pakistan Air Force, Royal Australian Air Force, Royal New Zealand Air Force, and the Sri Lankan Air Force.[citation needed] It is also used in the Egyptian Air Force, Hellenic Air Force, Royal Air Force of Oman, Royal Thai Air Force and the Air Force of Zimbabwe.[6] The Royal Malaysian Air Force used the rank until it was retitled as that of lieutenant colonel in 1973, with the same rank insignia.[citation needed]
An RAAF wing commander's sleeve/shoulder insignia
An RNZAF wing commander's sleeve/shoulder insignia
A RCAF lieutenant colonel's sleeve/shoulder insignia, with rank braids in the traditional Commonwealth style.
A Hellenic Air Force antisminarchos (wing commander's) rank insignia
An Indian Air Force wing commander's rank insignia
A Namibian Air Force wing commander's rank insignia
An RTAF wing commander's rank insignia
A PAF Wing Commander's shoulder insignia
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Royal Canadian Air Force
Canada is a unique exception. Due to the unification of the Canadian Armed Forces in 1968, the air force rank titles are the same as those of the Canadian Army. However, like their Commonwealth counterparts, rank braids are pearl grey and increase from OF-1 to OF-5 in half strip increments. The decision was taken not to retain the historic rank titles for the RCAF due to it being deemed "too confusing."
In the 1990s, the Canadian Forces Air Command (the post-1968 RCAF) altered the structure of those bases under its control, redesignating them as wings. The commander of such an establishment was re-designated as the "wing commander" (or "Wg Comd"). Like the United States Air Force usage, the term "wing commander" (as used in the Canadian Forces and again in the RCAF) is an appointment, not a rank. A wing commander usually holds the rank of colonel.
On 16 August 2011, the Government of Canada announced that the name "Air Command" was being changed to the air force's original historic name of Royal Canadian Air Force.[7] Though traditional insignia for the RCAF was restored in 2015, there has been no restoration of the traditional RCAF officer rank structure that paralleled the RAF.[8]
United States Air Force
In the United States Air Force (USAF), a wing commander is a command billet, not a rank. The equivalent USAF rank is most often a colonel (some USAF wings are commanded by a brigadier general) who typically has command of an air wing with several group commanders reporting to him/her.
In the United States Navy (USN), a wing commander is also a command billet, not a rank. The equivalent USN rank is a captain. Navy wing commanders are either Naval Aviators or Naval Flight Officers who typically have command of a carrier air wing or a "functional" air wing or air group such as a strike fighter wing, a patrol and reconnaissance wing, a tactical air control group, or a training air wing, with several squadron commanding officers reporting to him/her. Those officers commanding carrier air wings are called "CAG," dating back to when carrier air wings were called carrier air groups. Those officers commanding functional air wings and air groups are called "commodore." Unlike USAF, "group" commands in USN are either equal to or senior to an air wing.
Civil Air Patrol (United States Air Force Auxiliary)
The Civil Air Patrol, the volunteer auxiliary of the USAF, follows the USAF rank structure. The CAP divides the nation into 52 wings (each corresponding to a state, territory, and District of Columbia). Each wing is headed by a CAP colonel, who holds the position of wing commander.
Notable wing commanders
| This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2021) |
- Douglas BaderTemplate:Spaced endashWorld War II fighter pilot and double amputee, was the first commander to lead formations of three or more squadrons during the Battle of Britain
- Roland BeamontTemplate:Spaced endashWorld War II fighter pilot and post-war test pilot
- Abdel Latif BoghdadiTemplate:Spaced endashpilot in the Egyptian Air Force turned politician
- M. Hamidullah Khan TJ, SH, BPTemplate:Spaced endash Fought two wars in South Asia, 1965 Indo Pak War, Bangladesh War of Independence 1971. First and third provost marshal and commander of Ground Defense Command of the Bangladesh Air Force.
- Pierre ClostermannTemplate:Spaced endashWorld War II fighter pilot and author of The Big Show
- Linda CorbouldTemplate:Spaced endashfirst woman to command a RAAF flying squadron
- Roald DahlTemplate:Spaced endashWorld War II fighter pilot, and famous novelist. His record of five aerial victories has been confirmed by post-war research and cross-referenced in Axis records. (He ended the war with the temporary rank of wing commander; substantive rank was squadron leader)
- Roly FalkTemplate:Spaced endashtest pilot on the maiden flight of the Avro Vulcan
- Brendan "Paddy" FinucaneTemplate:Spaced endashtop ranking RAF World War II ace with 32 kills. A native of Rathmines, Dublin, Ireland (who emigrated to Britain with his family in 1936), he is the youngest wing commander in the history of the RAF. He was promoted to the rank in 1942 at age 21 and was shot down and killed shortly thereafter
- Preller GeldenhuysTemplate:Spaced endashcombat pilot in the Rhodesian Air Force, survivor of the Rhodesian War and author of Rhodesian Air Force Operations[9]
- Guy GibsonTemplate:Spaced endashcommanding officer of 617 Squadron and leader of the "Dam Busters" raid
- Andy GreenTemplate:Spaced endashcurrent holder of the land speed record and first person to break the sound barrier on land
- Walter "Taffy" Holden (Holden's Lightning flight) Template:Spaced endash Commander of No. 33 Maintenance Unit RAF; inadvertently took off in an English Electric Lightning during ground testing; managed to land safely despite his only prior experience being with light training aircraft.
- Humphrey de Verd LeighTemplate:Spaced endashinventor of the Leigh light which was developed to spotlight U-boats as they surfaced at night. The Leigh light is reputed[who?] to have changed the course of the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II
- Norman MacmillanTemplate:Spaced endashAviation author and pilot of the first attempt to fly around the world in 1922.
- Mervyn MiddlecoatTemplate:Spaced endashfighter pilot who belonged to Pakistan Air Force
- Nouman Ali KhanTemplate:Spaced endashWing Commander of the Pakistan Air Force who downed an Indian Air Force MiG-21 piloted by Abhinandan Varthamanand and crashed in Pakistan administered Kashmir on 27 February 2019. He was conferred with Sitar-e-Jurat for his bravery[10]
- Abhinandan VarthamanTemplate:Spaced endashWing Commander of the Indian Air Force.His aircraft was shot down in an aerial dogfight and he was held captive for 60 hours in Pakistan.[11]
- Ken WallisTemplate:Spaced endashWorld War II fighter pilot, aircraft engineer, and multiple world record holder in autogyro aircraft flight
- Adrian WarburtonTemplate:Spaced endashlegendary for his role as a reconnaissance aviator in the defence of Malta; shot down over Germany on 12 April 1944, aged 26. It was only in 2002 that his remains were found in the wreckage of his plane
- Dennis WheatleyTemplate:Spaced endashthe popular historical novelist and thriller writer was granted a commission and brought into Whitehall's World War II Joint Planning Staff
- Russell WilliamsTemplate:Spaced endash British-born Canadian convicted rapist and murderer and former Colonel in the Canadian Forces
- Peter OvertonTemplate:Spaced endashA news presenter & journalist for the 9 Network Australia and 60 Minutes Australia. He is a Wing Commander in the Royal Australian Air Force as a specialist reserve public affairs officer.[12]
- Michael Sutton OBE - led the first Typhoon deployment on operations over Iraq and Syria. The only typhoon pilot to have used the aircraft's gun in combat. Author of bestselling memoir Typhoon.
See also
- Air force officer rank insignia
- British and U.S. military ranks compared
- Comparative military ranks
- RAF officer ranks
- Ranks of the RAAF
- Wing Commander, a popular computer game series
References
- ↑ "Military ranks". BBC Academy. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
- ↑ "Fleet Air Arm, Naval Aviation, Royal Navy Air Service History- 1918 - 1 April: RNAS and RFC amalgamated to create RAF". www.fleetairarmoa.org. Fleet Air Arm Officers Association. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
- ↑ Hobart, Malcolm C (2000). Badges and Uniforms of the Royal Air Force. Leo Cooper. p. 26. ISBN 0-85052-739-2.
- ↑ "BAF Ranks". Bangladesh Air Force Website. BAF Communication Unit. 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
- ↑ "Officer ranks in Indian Army, Air Force and Navy". India Today. New Delhi. 25 February 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
- ↑ "Ranks and Badges in the AFZ". Air Force of Zimbabwe Website. Air Force of Zimbabwe. 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
- ↑ Galloway, Gloria. "Conservatives to restore ‘royal’ monikers for navy, air force." Archived 2017-02-04 at the Wayback Machine The Globe and Mail, 15 August 2011. Retrieved: 26 September 2011.
- ↑ Fitzpatrick, Meagan. "Peter MacKay hails 'royal' renaming of military." Archived 2011-09-24 at the Wayback Machine CBC News, 16 August 2011. Retrieved: 26 September 2011.
- ↑ Geldenhuys, Preller (2007). Rhodesian Air Force Operations with Air Strike Log. Durban, South Africa: Just Done Productions Publishing (published 13 July 2007). ISBN 978-1-920169-61-9.
- ↑ "Pakistan to give top military awards to two pilots for downing Indian jet". indiatoday.in.
- ↑ Manu Pubby. "Abhinandan Varthaman's MiG21 locked in Pakistan's F16". Retrieved 15 January 2020.
- ↑ Defence News. "Wing Commander wears many hats". Retrieved 31 March 2021.
- Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011
- Articles with unsourced statements from March 2019
- Military ranks of the Commonwealth
- Military ranks of Australia
- Former military ranks of Canada
- Military ranks of the Royal Air Force
- Air force ranks
- Military ranks of Pakistan
- Military ranks of Bangladesh
- Military ranks of Sri Lanka
- Military ranks of the Indian Air Force