S. M. Anwar: Difference between revisions

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[[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] '''Sheikh Mohammad Anwar'''  {{small|[[Legion of Merit|LOM]], [[Sitara-i-Khidmat|SK]]}}  ({{lang-ur|شيخ محمد انور}}          ; 19  September 1920 – 24 January 1977),<ref name="ISPR (Facebook)">{{cite web|last1=ISPR|first1=Navy|title=Pakistan Navy-Official page|url=https://www.facebook.com/PakistanNavyPage/photos/a.212188338827793.47912.211341692245791/1138129902900294/?type=3|website=www.facebook.com|publisher=ISPR (Facebook)|accessdate=19 August 2017|location=Islamabad, Pakistan|language=en-pk|date=8 September 2022}}</ref> popularly known as '''SM Anwar''', was a [[One-star rank|one-star]] rank admiral in the [[Pakistan Navy]] who is known for his role as [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron that [[Operation Somnath|attack and raided]] the radar station in [[Dwarka]] in [[Gujarat, India|Gujarat]]  during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|second war]] with India in 1965.
[[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] '''Sheikh Mohammad Anwar'''  {{small|[[Legion of Merit|LOM]], [[Sitara-i-Khidmat|SK]]}}  ({{lang-ur|شيخ محمد انور}}          ; 19  September 1920 – 24 January 1977),<ref name="ISPR (Facebook)">{{cite web|last1=ISPR|first1=Navy|title=Pakistan Navy-Official page|url=https://www.facebook.com/PakistanNavyPage/photos/a.212188338827793.47912.211341692245791/1138129902900294/?type=3|website=www.facebook.com|publisher=ISPR (Facebook)|accessdate=19 August 2017|location=Islamabad, Pakistan|language=en-pk|date=8 September 2016}}</ref> popularly known as '''SM Anwar''', was a [[One-star rank|one-star]] rank admiral in the [[Pakistan Navy]] who is known for his role as [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron that [[Operation Somnath|attack and raided]] the radar station in [[Dwarka]] in [[Gujarat, India|Gujarat]]  during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|second war]] with India in 1965.


Despite his feat, Anwar's accomplishment in the Navy was not well known. He died in [[Karachi]] in 1977. It was only in 1990s  when his role as war hero was highlighted when [[Inter-Services Public Relations|ISPR]] released the [[telefilm]] of [[Operation Dwarka|same name of operation]]. After much literary criticism by media and veterans, his achievements were recognized in 2010s.
Despite his feat, Anwar's accomplishment in the Navy was not well known. He died in [[Karachi]] in 1977. It was only in 1990s  when his role as war hero was highlighted when [[Inter-Services Public Relations|ISPR]] released the [[telefilm]] of [[Operation Dwarka|same name of operation]]. After much literary criticism by media and veterans, his achievements were recognized in 2010s.
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Sheikh Mohammad Anwar was born in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|India]], on 12 September 1920.{{rp|6}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.">{{cite book|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|date=1968|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> After his matriculation, he was educated at the [[Forman Christian College University]] in [[Lahore]], graduating in 1940.{{rp|25}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust., 1969">{{cite journal|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|journal=15|date=1969|volume=Port of Karachi Magazine|issue=16|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920|accessdate=19 August 2017|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|language=en}}</ref>
Sheikh Mohammad Anwar was born in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|India]], on 12 September 1920.{{rp|6}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.">{{cite book|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|date=1968|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> After his matriculation, he was educated at the [[Forman Christian College University]] in [[Lahore]], graduating in 1940.{{rp|25}}<ref name="Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust., 1969">{{cite journal|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|journal=15|date=1969|volume=Port of Karachi Magazine|issue=16|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=1920|accessdate=19 August 2017|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|language=en}}</ref>


He joined and [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the [[Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)|Royal Indian Navy]] as a [[Sub Lieutenant|Sub-Lieutenant]] in 1941, and briefly served in World War II's [[Burma Campaign 1942–43|Burma theatre]] in 1942–43.{{rp|6–7}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpts II|year = 1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=PARBHAVATI&pg=RA1-PA6}}</ref> After the [[Partition of India|India's partition]] that resulted in the [[independence of Pakistan]] on 14 August 1947, [[Lieutenant|Lt]] Anwar joined the [[Pakistan Navy]], and was directed to attend the [[U.S. Naval War College|Naval War College]] in [[Rhodes Island]], United States, in 1958.<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpts III|year = 1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=PA60|accessdate=19 August 2022}}</ref> After graduating from the Naval War College in 1959, [[Commander (rank)|Cdr.]] Anwar served as an [[exchange officer]] in the [[United States Navy]]'s [[Surface warfare insignia|surface warships]] for two months.<ref name="Excerpts IV">{{cite book|title=Excerpts IV|date=1969|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=RA1-PA6|accessdate=19 August 2022}}</ref> In 1960, [[Commander (rank)|Cdr]] Anwar served as base commander for the [[Pakistan Naval Academy|PNS Bahadur]], a training establishment.<ref name="Excerpts IV"/>
He joined and [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the [[Royal Indian Navy (1612–1950)|Royal Indian Navy]] as a [[Sub Lieutenant|Sub-Lieutenant]] in 1941, and briefly served in World War II's [[Burma Campaign 1942–43|Burma theatre]] in 1942–43.{{rp|6–7}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpts II|year = 1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=PARBHAVATI&pg=RA1-PA6}}</ref> After the [[Partition of India|India's partition]] that resulted in the [[independence of Pakistan]] on 14 August 1947, [[Lieutenant|Lt]] Anwar joined the [[Pakistan Navy]], and was directed to attend the [[U.S. Naval War College|Naval War College]] in [[Rhodes Island]], United States, in 1958.<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpts III|year = 1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=PA60|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref> After graduating from the Naval War College in 1959, [[Commander (rank)|Cdr.]] Anwar served as an [[exchange officer]] in the [[United States Navy]]'s [[Surface warfare insignia|surface warships]] for two months.<ref name="Excerpts IV">{{cite book|title=Excerpts IV|date=1969|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8OZPAQAAMAAJ&q=War+college&pg=RA1-PA6|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref> In 1960, [[Commander (rank)|Cdr]] Anwar served as base commander for the [[Pakistan Naval Academy|PNS Bahadur]], a training establishment.<ref name="Excerpts IV"/>


In 1962, [[Captain (naval)|Capt.]] Anwar was appointed by the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) for a diplomatic assignment, and briefly tenured as [[Naval attache|naval attaché]] at the [[Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.|Embassy of Pakistan]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] in the United States until 1964.{{rp|38}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=State|first1=United States Dept of|title=Diplomatic List|date=1962|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIgAAAAMAAJ&q=Captain++SM+Anwar|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>
In 1962, [[Captain (naval)|Capt.]] Anwar was appointed by the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) for a diplomatic assignment, and briefly tenured as [[Naval attache|naval attaché]] at the [[Embassy of Pakistan, Washington, D.C.|Embassy of Pakistan]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] in the United States until 1964.{{rp|38}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=State|first1=United States Dept of|title=Diplomatic List|date=1962|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIgAAAAMAAJ&q=Captain++SM+Anwar|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>


In 1965, Anwar was appointed as senior [[Fleet Commander|fleet commander]] when he took over the command of the [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders|Pakistan Fleet]] (COMPAK).<ref name="«  PakDef Military Consortium, 2003">{{cite web|last1=Shabbir|first1=Usman|title=1965 War|url=http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=« PakDef Military Consortium|access-date=19 August 2017|location=Karachi, Pk|language=en-pk|date=June 2003|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330222928/http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/|archive-date=30 March 2022}}</ref> During the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|second war]] with India in 1965, Cdre. Anwar was the [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron who led the [[Operation Somnath|attack and raid]] radar station used by the [[Indian Air Force]] in [[Dwarka]], [[Gujarat]] in India.<ref name="«  PakDef Military Consortium, 2003"/>{{rp|83}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy">{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Mihir K.|title=War in the Indian Ocean|date=1995|publisher=Lancer Publishers|location=Delhi,India|isbn=9781897829110|pages=290|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&q=commodore+SM+Anwar&pg=PA83|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en-gb|chapter-format=google books|chapter=Trumps and Aces}}</ref>
In 1965, Anwar was appointed as senior [[Fleet Commander|fleet commander]] when he took over the command of the [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders|Pakistan Fleet]] (COMPAK).<ref name="«  PakDef Military Consortium, 2003">{{cite web|last1=Shabbir|first1=Usman|title=1965 War|url=http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=« PakDef Military Consortium|access-date=19 August 2017|location=Karachi, Pk|language=en-pk|date=June 2003|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330222928/http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/|archive-date=30 March 2014}}</ref> During the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|second war]] with India in 1965, Cdre. Anwar was the [[officer in tactical command]] of the 25th Destroyer Squadron who led the [[Operation Somnath|attack and raid]] radar station used by the [[Indian Air Force]] in [[Dwarka]], [[Gujarat]] in India.<ref name="«  PakDef Military Consortium, 2003"/>{{rp|83}}<ref name="Lancer Publishers, Roy">{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Mihir K.|title=War in the Indian Ocean|date=1995|publisher=Lancer Publishers|location=Delhi,India|isbn=9781897829110|pages=290|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&q=commodore+SM+Anwar&pg=PA83|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en-gb|chapter-format=google books|chapter=Trumps and Aces}}</ref>


In 1968, the United States honoured him with their highest military award, the [[Legion of Merit]], presented by then-[[United States Ambassador to Pakistan|U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan]] [[Eugene M. Locke|Eugene Locke]].{{rp|39}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan|date=1966|publisher=Pakistan Herald Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3ccAQAAMAAJ&q=Commodore+SM+Anwar+legion|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|25}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpt VI|date=1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=legion&pg=PA25}}</ref> In 1969, he was appointed as chairman of [[Karachi Port Trust]] which he remained until 1970.<ref>{{cite book|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|date=1969|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=SM+Anwar+|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>
In 1968, the United States honoured him with their highest military award, the [[Legion of Merit]], presented by then-[[United States Ambassador to Pakistan|U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan]] [[Eugene M. Locke|Eugene Locke]].{{rp|39}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan|date=1966|publisher=Pakistan Herald Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3ccAQAAMAAJ&q=Commodore+SM+Anwar+legion|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|25}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Excerpt VI|date=1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=legion&pg=PA25}}</ref> In 1969, he was appointed as chairman of [[Karachi Port Trust]] which he remained until 1970.<ref>{{cite book|title=Port of Karachi Magazine|date=1969|publisher=Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeNPAQAAMAAJ&q=SM+Anwar+|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>


In 1971, Cdre. Anwar served in the command of the [[Pakistan Marines|Marines Corps]] for a short period, and was later appointed as [[commandant]] of the [[Pakistan Marine Academy]] until 1975.<ref name="Pakistan Marine Academy">{{cite web|last1=Khawaja|first1=Hammad|title=Pakistan Marine Academy|url=http://www.macoba.org/?author=1|website=www.macoba.org|publisher=Pakistan Marine Academy|accessdate=19 August 2022}}</ref>
In 1971, Cdre. Anwar served in the command of the [[Pakistan Marines|Marines Corps]] for a short period, and was later appointed as [[commandant]] of the [[Pakistan Marine Academy]] until 1975.<ref name="Pakistan Marine Academy">{{cite web|last1=Khawaja|first1=Hammad|title=Pakistan Marine Academy|url=http://www.macoba.org/?author=1|website=www.macoba.org|publisher=Pakistan Marine Academy|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref>


Despite his role and heroic feats in 1965 war, his role in the Navy was less known and was hardly recognised in the Navy.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015">{{cite news|last1=Anwar|first1=Omar|title='The forgotten hero'|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1208763|accessdate=19 August 2017|work=DAWN.COM|agency=Dawn newspapers|publisher=Dawn newspapers, 2015|date=23 September 2015|location=Karachi|language=en-pk}}</ref> He was unknown to the public, and it was not until 1990s when the ISPR highlighted his role as a war hero when releasing the telefilm bearing the same name of operation that was aired on the [[Shalimar Television Network|STN]]; his role was played by [[Talat Hussain (actor)|Talat Hussain]] in the 1990s.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015"/><ref name="ISPR Films">{{cite web|title=Operation Dwarka|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x358cbb|website=Dailymotion|publisher=ISPR Films|accessdate=19 August 2017|date=7 September 2015|orig-year=1993}}</ref>
Despite his role and heroic feats in 1965 war, his role in the Navy was less known and was hardly recognised in the Navy.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015">{{cite news|last1=Anwar|first1=Omar|title='The forgotten hero'|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1208763|accessdate=19 August 2017|work=DAWN.COM|agency=Dawn newspapers|publisher=Dawn newspapers, 2015|date=23 September 2015|location=Karachi|language=en-pk}}</ref> He was unknown to the public, and it was not until 1990s when the ISPR highlighted his role as a war hero when releasing the telefilm bearing the same name of operation that was aired on the [[Shalimar Television Network|STN]]; his role was played by [[Talat Hussain (actor)|Talat Hussain]] in the 1990s.<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 2015"/><ref name="ISPR Films">{{cite web|title=Operation Dwarka|url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x358cbb|website=Dailymotion|publisher=ISPR Films|accessdate=19 August 2017|date=7 September 2015|orig-year=1993}}</ref>

Latest revision as of 08:17, 26 October 2022

Sheikh Mohammad Anwar
Birth nameShiekh Mohammad Anwar
Born(1920-09-20)20 September 1920
Lahore, Punjab, British India
(Now Punjab in Pakistan)
Died24 January 1979(1979-01-24) (aged 58)
Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
AllegianceBritish Raj British India
(1920–47)
 Pakistan
(1947–79)
Service/branchNaval Jack of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Navy
Years of service1941–1977
RankCommodore insignia full.jpgUS-O7 insignia.svg Commodore
Service numberPN No. 24
UnitNaval Operations Branch
Commands heldCommander Pakistan Fleet
Pakistan Marines
25th Destroyer Squadron
Pakistan Merchant Navy
Battles/warsWorld War II
AwardsLegion of Merit ribbon.svgLegion of Merit
Star*.svgSitara-i-Khidmat

Commodore Sheikh Mohammad Anwar LOM, SK (Urdu: شيخ محمد انور‎  ; 19 September 1920 – 24 January 1977),[1] popularly known as SM Anwar, was a one-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy who is known for his role as officer in tactical command of the 25th Destroyer Squadron that attack and raided the radar station in Dwarka in Gujarat during the second war with India in 1965.

Despite his feat, Anwar's accomplishment in the Navy was not well known. He died in Karachi in 1977. It was only in 1990s when his role as war hero was highlighted when ISPR released the telefilm of same name of operation. After much literary criticism by media and veterans, his achievements were recognized in 2010s.

Biography[edit]

Sheikh Mohammad Anwar was born in Lahore, Punjab, India, on 12 September 1920.:6[2] After his matriculation, he was educated at the Forman Christian College University in Lahore, graduating in 1940.:25[3]

He joined and commissioned in the Royal Indian Navy as a Sub-Lieutenant in 1941, and briefly served in World War II's Burma theatre in 1942–43.:6–7[4] After the India's partition that resulted in the independence of Pakistan on 14 August 1947, Lt Anwar joined the Pakistan Navy, and was directed to attend the Naval War College in Rhodes Island, United States, in 1958.[5] After graduating from the Naval War College in 1959, Cdr. Anwar served as an exchange officer in the United States Navy's surface warships for two months.[6] In 1960, Cdr Anwar served as base commander for the PNS Bahadur, a training establishment.[6]

In 1962, Capt. Anwar was appointed by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) for a diplomatic assignment, and briefly tenured as naval attaché at the Embassy of Pakistan in Washington, D.C. in the United States until 1964.:38[7]

In 1965, Anwar was appointed as senior fleet commander when he took over the command of the Pakistan Fleet (COMPAK).[8] During the second war with India in 1965, Cdre. Anwar was the officer in tactical command of the 25th Destroyer Squadron who led the attack and raid radar station used by the Indian Air Force in Dwarka, Gujarat in India.[8]:83[9]

In 1968, the United States honoured him with their highest military award, the Legion of Merit, presented by then-U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan Eugene Locke.:39[10]:25[11] In 1969, he was appointed as chairman of Karachi Port Trust which he remained until 1970.[12]

In 1971, Cdre. Anwar served in the command of the Marines Corps for a short period, and was later appointed as commandant of the Pakistan Marine Academy until 1975.[13]

Despite his role and heroic feats in 1965 war, his role in the Navy was less known and was hardly recognised in the Navy.[14] He was unknown to the public, and it was not until 1990s when the ISPR highlighted his role as a war hero when releasing the telefilm bearing the same name of operation that was aired on the STN; his role was played by Talat Hussain in the 1990s.[14][15]

His death also went unnoticed in 1977, and it was only in 2016, when the Pakistan Navy officially recognised his services on their official page on Facebook.[1]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 ISPR, Navy (8 September 2016). "Pakistan Navy-Official page". www.facebook.com. Islamabad, Pakistan: ISPR (Facebook). Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  2. ↑ Port of Karachi Magazine. Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust. 1968. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  3. ↑ "Port of Karachi Magazine". 15. Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust. Port of Karachi Magazine (16). 1969. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  4. ↑ Excerpts II. 1968.
  5. ↑ Excerpts III. 1968. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Excerpts IV. 1969. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  7. ↑ State, United States Dept of (1962). Diplomatic List. U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Shabbir, Usman (June 2003). "1965 War". pakdef.org. Karachi, Pk: « PakDef Military Consortium. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  9. ↑ Roy, Mihir K. (1995). "Trumps and Aces" (google books). War in the Indian Ocean. Delhi,India: Lancer Publishers. p. 290. ISBN 9781897829110. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  10. ↑ Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan. Pakistan Herald Publications. 1966. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  11. ↑ Excerpt VI. 1968.
  12. ↑ Port of Karachi Magazine. Labour Welfare Department, Karachi Port Trust. 1969. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  13. ↑ Khawaja, Hammad. "Pakistan Marine Academy". www.macoba.org. Pakistan Marine Academy. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Anwar, Omar (23 September 2015). "'The forgotten hero'". DAWN.COM. Karachi: Dawn newspapers, 2015. Dawn newspapers. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  15. ↑ "Operation Dwarka". Dailymotion. ISPR Films. 7 September 2015 [1993]. Retrieved 19 August 2017.

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