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{{Use dmy dates|date=January | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=January | {{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox military person | {{Infobox military person | ||
| honorific_prefix = [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] | | honorific_prefix = [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] | ||
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Nanda started his career with a training course for six months on the ''Deepawati''. He was then sent to [[Calcutta]] for his next assignment. At Calcutta, he was asked to go to [[Khulna]] and take command of a [[Steamboat|river steamer]] and patrol the [[Sundarbans]]. In June 1942, he was selected for a specialist communications course at {{HMIS|Talwar}}, the Signals School in [[Colaba]], Bombay. After the course, he served as the signals officer on board the [[minesweeper]] HMIS ''Travancore''.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=35–41}} In October 1942, he was promoted to the acting rank of [[Lieutenant (navy)|lieutenant]] and appointed as an instructor at the Signals School.<ref name="Navy List">{{cite book |title=The Navy List: July 1945 |publisher=HM Government, UK |date=1945 |pages=2114 |chapter=Officers of the Royal Indian Naval Volunteer Reserve }}</ref> After the end of the war, he stayed in the Navy despite rapid, large-scale demobilisation. He appeared before a selection board in [[Lonavala]] on 31 October 1945. | Nanda started his career with a training course for six months on the ''Deepawati''. He was then sent to [[Calcutta]] for his next assignment. At Calcutta, he was asked to go to [[Khulna]] and take command of a [[Steamboat|river steamer]] and patrol the [[Sundarbans]]. In June 1942, he was selected for a specialist communications course at {{HMIS|Talwar}}, the Signals School in [[Colaba]], Bombay. After the course, he served as the signals officer on board the [[minesweeper]] HMIS ''Travancore''.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=35–41}} In October 1942, he was promoted to the acting rank of [[Lieutenant (navy)|lieutenant]] and appointed as an instructor at the Signals School.<ref name="Navy List">{{cite book |title=The Navy List: July 1945 |publisher=HM Government, UK |date=1945 |pages=2114 |chapter=Officers of the Royal Indian Naval Volunteer Reserve }}</ref> After the end of the war, he stayed in the Navy despite rapid, large-scale demobilisation. He appeared before a selection board in [[Lonavala]] on 31 October 1945. | ||
Nanda was serving at the Signals School at HMIS ''Talwar'' when the [[Royal Indian Navy mutiny]] broke out in February 1946. The mutiny first started at HMIS ''Talwar'' and spread to ships and other shore establishments.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1946/feb/22/royal-indian-navy-mutiny |title=Royal Indian Navy (Mutiny) |work=[[Hansard]] |date=22 February 1946|access-date=7 June | Nanda was serving at the Signals School at HMIS ''Talwar'' when the [[Royal Indian Navy mutiny]] broke out in February 1946. The mutiny first started at HMIS ''Talwar'' and spread to ships and other shore establishments.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1946/feb/22/royal-indian-navy-mutiny |title=Royal Indian Navy (Mutiny) |work=[[Hansard]] |date=22 February 1946|access-date=7 June 2012}}</ref> The mutiny was called off after the sailors met with [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]]. He was asked by the sailors to accompany them, which he did.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|p=54}} | ||
In June 1946, he was posted to the [[sloop]] {{ship|HMIS|Narbada|U40}}, which was to sail for [[Japan]] from [[Madras]]. The ship was based out of [[Kure, Hiroshima]], as part of the British occupation forces and was later transferred to [[Sasebo, Nagasaki]], as part of the US occupation forces. On 19 October 1946 he was granted a permanent commission in the [[Royal Indian Navy]] (RIN) as a Lieutenant with backdated seniority of 10 October 1940.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=54–58}} In January 1947, he was appointed communications officer of the sloop {{ship|HMIS|Cauvery|U10}}, then deployed at Karachi. | In June 1946, he was posted to the [[sloop]] {{ship|HMIS|Narbada|U40}}, which was to sail for [[Japan]] from [[Madras]]. The ship was based out of [[Kure, Hiroshima]], as part of the British occupation forces and was later transferred to [[Sasebo, Nagasaki]], as part of the US occupation forces. On 19 October 1946 he was granted a permanent commission in the [[Royal Indian Navy]] (RIN) as a Lieutenant with backdated seniority of 10 October 1940.{{sfn|Nanda|2004|pp=54–58}} In January 1947, he was appointed communications officer of the sloop {{ship|HMIS|Cauvery|U10}}, then deployed at Karachi. | ||
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{{Main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}} | {{Main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}} | ||
{{further|Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971}} | {{further|Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971}} | ||
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was sparked by the [[Bangladesh Liberation war]], a conflict between the traditionally dominant [[West Pakistan]]is and the majority [[East Pakistan]]is. In 1970, East Pakistanis demanded autonomy for the state, but the [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistani government]] failed to satisfy these demands and, in early 1971, a demand for secession took root in East Pakistan. In March, the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] launched a fierce campaign to curb the secessionists, the latter including soldiers and police from East Pakistan. Thousands of East Pakistanis died, and nearly ten million refugees fled to [[West Bengal]], an adjacent Indian state. In April, India decided to assist in the formation of the new nation of [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Global Security - 1971 War">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm|title=Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|work=Global Security|access-date=27 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126094736/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm|archive-date=26 November | The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was sparked by the [[Bangladesh Liberation war]], a conflict between the traditionally dominant [[West Pakistan]]is and the majority [[East Pakistan]]is. In 1970, East Pakistanis demanded autonomy for the state, but the [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistani government]] failed to satisfy these demands and, in early 1971, a demand for secession took root in East Pakistan. In March, the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] launched a fierce campaign to curb the secessionists, the latter including soldiers and police from East Pakistan. Thousands of East Pakistanis died, and nearly ten million refugees fled to [[West Bengal]], an adjacent Indian state. In April, India decided to assist in the formation of the new nation of [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Global Security - 1971 War">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm|title=Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|work=Global Security|access-date=27 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126094736/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1971.htm|archive-date=26 November 2016}}</ref> | ||
Nanda was instrumental in framing India's Naval strategy during the war. He feigned a defensive deployment southeast towards the [[Andaman Islands]], instead moving his Eastern fleet northwards into the [[Bay of Bengal]] and enforcing a naval blockade against [[East Pakistan]]. | Nanda was instrumental in framing India's Naval strategy during the war. He feigned a defensive deployment southeast towards the [[Andaman Islands]], instead moving his Eastern fleet northwards into the [[Bay of Bengal]] and enforcing a naval blockade against [[East Pakistan]]. | ||
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On the Eastern front, Nanda made the decision to deploy the aircraft carrier INS ''Vikrant'' into the shallower waters of the Gulf of Bengal off [[Dhaka]], to prevent the risk of a submarine attack. When concerns were raised about Vikrant's boilers being cracked, he took personal responsibility for the risk of a boiler explosion and [[aircraft catapult|catapult]] failure on the carrier. His gambit paid off, as Vikrant was able to successfully enforce the blockade of East Pakistan without any such damage to the carrier. | On the Eastern front, Nanda made the decision to deploy the aircraft carrier INS ''Vikrant'' into the shallower waters of the Gulf of Bengal off [[Dhaka]], to prevent the risk of a submarine attack. When concerns were raised about Vikrant's boilers being cracked, he took personal responsibility for the risk of a boiler explosion and [[aircraft catapult|catapult]] failure on the carrier. His gambit paid off, as Vikrant was able to successfully enforce the blockade of East Pakistan without any such damage to the carrier. | ||
The war lasted less than a fortnight and saw more than 90,000 Pakistani soldiers taken prisoner. It ended with the unconditional surrender of Pakistan's eastern half and resulted in the birth of Bangladesh as a new nation.{{Sfn|Singh|2005|pp=210–211}} In addition to the POWs, Pakistan suffered 6,000 casualties against India's 2,000.<ref name="Three Indian Blunders in the 1971 War">{{cite web|author1=Athale, Anil|title=Three Indian blunders in the 1971 war|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-three-indian-blunders-in-the-1971-war/20111212.htm|website=Rediff|access-date=27 November 2016|date=12 December 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123073209/http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-three-indian-blunders-in-the-1971-war/20111212.htm|archive-date=23 November | The war lasted less than a fortnight and saw more than 90,000 Pakistani soldiers taken prisoner. It ended with the unconditional surrender of Pakistan's eastern half and resulted in the birth of Bangladesh as a new nation.{{Sfn|Singh|2005|pp=210–211}} In addition to the POWs, Pakistan suffered 6,000 casualties against India's 2,000.<ref name="Three Indian Blunders in the 1971 War">{{cite web|author1=Athale, Anil|title=Three Indian blunders in the 1971 war|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-three-indian-blunders-in-the-1971-war/20111212.htm|website=Rediff|access-date=27 November 2016|date=12 December 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123073209/http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-three-indian-blunders-in-the-1971-war/20111212.htm|archive-date=23 November 2016}}</ref> The success of the naval blockades on two fronts is considered one of the primary factors in India's overwhelming victory during the war. For his services to the nation, he was awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]] in January 1972.<ref name=telegraph-obit/><ref name=pvb-india>{{Cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmavibhushan_awards_list1.php|title = National Portal of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Press Communique |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/RASHTRAPATI%20BHAWAN/1972-JAN-MAY-RASHTRPATI-BHVAN/PDF/RPB-1972-01-15_030.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=15 January 1972}}</ref> | ||
==Post-retirement== | ==Post-retirement== | ||
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[[File:The Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral Sureesh Mehta along with other senior officers paying salute to Admiral S.M. Nanda, at Brar Square, in New Delhi on May 12, 2009.jpg|thumb|right|300px|CNS Adm Sureesh Mehta and other Naval Officers paying tribute to Adm Nanda.]] | [[File:The Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral Sureesh Mehta along with other senior officers paying salute to Admiral S.M. Nanda, at Brar Square, in New Delhi on May 12, 2009.jpg|thumb|right|300px|CNS Adm Sureesh Mehta and other Naval Officers paying tribute to Adm Nanda.]] | ||
Another incident that caused turmoil in the family was the [[1999 Delhi hit-and-run case]], which involved Admiral Nanda's grandson Sanjeev Nanda. Sanjeev Nanda was found guilty by the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Correspondent |first1=Legal |title=BMW hit-and-run: Court slaps Rs. 50 lakh fine on Nanda |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/BMW-hit-and-run-Court-slaps-Rs.-50-lakh-fine-on-Nanda/article12677698.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=3 August | Another incident that caused turmoil in the family was the [[1999 Delhi hit-and-run case]], which involved Admiral Nanda's grandson Sanjeev Nanda. Sanjeev Nanda was found guilty by the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Correspondent |first1=Legal |title=BMW hit-and-run: Court slaps Rs. 50 lakh fine on Nanda |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/BMW-hit-and-run-Court-slaps-Rs.-50-lakh-fine-on-Nanda/article12677698.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=3 August 2012}}</ref> The accident and the trial attracted a lot of media attention and became one of the cases that exemplified middle class India's frustration with rich and powerful people being able to circumvent the law.<ref>{{cite web |title=BMW case: Six lives would have been saved if Sanjeev Nanda showed mercy, says Supreme Court |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bmw-case-six-lives-would-have-been-saved-if-sanjeev-nanda-showed-mercy-says-supreme-court-495315 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> | ||
==Later years and death== | ==Later years and death== | ||
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|align="center" |[[File:UK-Navy-OF-4-collected.svg|70px]] || [[Commander]] || [[Royal Indian Navy]] || 30 June 1949 (acting) | |align="center" |[[File:UK-Navy-OF-4-collected.svg|70px]] || [[Commander]] || [[Royal Indian Navy]] || 30 June 1949 (acting) | ||
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|align="center" |[[File:09-Indian_Navy-CDR.svg|35px]][[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-4.svg|35px]] || [[Commander]] || [[Indian Navy]] || 26 January 1950 (recommissioning and change in insignia)<ref name="insignia_designs">{{cite web|title=New Designs of Crests and Badges in the Services|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveFirstPhase/HOME%20AFFAIRS/1950/HOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau of India – Archive|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20807-BR/HOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf|archive-date=8 August | |align="center" |[[File:09-Indian_Navy-CDR.svg|35px]][[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-4.svg|35px]] || [[Commander]] || [[Indian Navy]] || 26 January 1950 (recommissioning and change in insignia)<ref name="insignia_designs">{{cite web|title=New Designs of Crests and Badges in the Services|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveFirstPhase/HOME%20AFFAIRS/1950/HOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau of India – Archive|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20807-BR/HOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref><br/>31 December 1950 (substantive)<ref name="ag Cdr"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center" |[[File:10-Indian_Navy-CAPT.svg|35px]] [[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-5.svg|35px]] || [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] || [[Indian Navy]] || 15 February 1954 (acting){{sfn|Nanda|2004|p=85}}<br/>31 December 1954<ref name="Substantive Capt" /> | |align="center" |[[File:10-Indian_Navy-CAPT.svg|35px]] [[File:British_Royal_Navy_(sleeves)_OF-5.svg|35px]] || [[Captain (Indian Navy)|Captain]] || [[Indian Navy]] || 15 February 1954 (acting){{sfn|Nanda|2004|p=85}}<br/>31 December 1954<ref name="Substantive Capt" /> | ||