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Hugh Boustead: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|British military officer, modern pentathlete, and diplomat}} | {{Short description|British military officer, modern pentathlete, and diplomat}} | ||
{{Use British English|date=December | {{Use British English|date=December 2013}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}} | ||
{{good article}} | {{good article}} | ||
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==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Boustead was born on 14 April 1895 in [[Nuwara Eliya]], [[Sri Lanka]], the son of a local tea planter who later became a director of The Imperial Ethiopian Rubber Company.<ref name="Rubber">The Imperial Ethiopian Rubber Company, Limited. (Display Advertising), ''[[The Times]]'', Monday, 14 January 1907; p. 13; Issue 38229; col E.</ref> He was educated at the [[Cheam School]] and attended [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] (then Royal Naval College, Dartmouth) prior to the onset of [[World War I]],<ref name="TimesObit">Col Sir Hugh Boustead Unorthodox career in war and peace (Obituaries) The Times Wednesday, 9 April 1980; p. 16; Issue 60596; col G.</ref> where he began the conflict as a [[midshipman]] in the [[Royal Navy]], having attained that rank on 15 January 1913. On 15 May 1915 he was promoted to acting [[Sub-Lieutenant]],<ref name="RN1">{{cite web|url = http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7931533|title = Image details-Boustead, John Edmund Hugh-Admiralty: Officers' Service Records (Series III)|work = DocumentsOnline|publisher = [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]]|format = fee usually required to download pdf of original record|access-date = 14 June | Boustead was born on 14 April 1895 in [[Nuwara Eliya]], [[Sri Lanka]], the son of a local tea planter who later became a director of The Imperial Ethiopian Rubber Company.<ref name="Rubber">The Imperial Ethiopian Rubber Company, Limited. (Display Advertising), ''[[The Times]]'', Monday, 14 January 1907; p. 13; Issue 38229; col E.</ref> He was educated at the [[Cheam School]] and attended [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] (then Royal Naval College, Dartmouth) prior to the onset of [[World War I]],<ref name="TimesObit">Col Sir Hugh Boustead Unorthodox career in war and peace (Obituaries) The Times Wednesday, 9 April 1980; p. 16; Issue 60596; col G.</ref> where he began the conflict as a [[midshipman]] in the [[Royal Navy]], having attained that rank on 15 January 1913. On 15 May 1915 he was promoted to acting [[Sub-Lieutenant]],<ref name="RN1">{{cite web|url = http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7931533|title = Image details-Boustead, John Edmund Hugh-Admiralty: Officers' Service Records (Series III)|work = DocumentsOnline|publisher = [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]]|format = fee usually required to download pdf of original record|access-date = 14 June 2011}}</ref> but [[desertion|deserted]] this post one month later while on leave in [[Simon's Town]]<ref name="RN2">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=8566499|title=Image details-Boustead, John Edmund Hugh-Admiralty: Officers' Service Records (Series III)-Summaries of confidential reports|work=DocumentsOnline|publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]]|format=fee usually required to download pdf of original record|access-date=14 June 2011}}</ref> to engage in [[trench warfare]] as a member of the [[Transvaal Scottish Regiment]] from [[South Africa]].<ref name="SportsReference">{{cite web|last = Gjerde|first = Arild|author2=Jeroen Heijmans |author3=Bill Mallon |author4=Hilary Evans |title = Hugh Boustead Biography and Olympic Results|work = Olympics|publisher = Sports Reference.com|date = February 2011|url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/bo/hugh-boustead-1.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200418040018/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/bo/hugh-boustead-1.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 18 April 2020|access-date = 16 May 2011}}</ref> He earned a [[Military Cross]] at the [[Battle of Arras (1917)|Battle of Arras]], which was [[London Gazette|gazetted]] on 26 July 1917 with the citation:<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30204|supp=y|page=7650|date=24 July 1917}}</ref> | ||
{{blockquote|SOUTH AFRICAN FORCE. | {{blockquote|SOUTH AFRICAN FORCE. | ||
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the snipers. His fine leadership and good disposition largely contributed to the success of the operation.}} | the snipers. His fine leadership and good disposition largely contributed to the success of the operation.}} | ||
Boustead received the honour from [[George V of the United Kingdom]] on 15 August 1917<ref name="Boxing">Court Circular (Court and Social) ''[[The Times]]'' Thursday, 16 August 1917; p. 9; Issue 41558; col A.</ref> and transferred to the [[British Indian Army]] ten days later.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30385|supp=y|page=11912|date=16 November 1917}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30928|supp=y|page=11573|date=1 October 1918}}</ref> He was posted to the 2nd battalion 4th Gurkha Rifles.<ref>July 1918 Indian Army List</ref> He was promoted to [[first lieutenant|lieutenant]] on 6 August 1918.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31187|page=2436|date=18 February 1919}}</ref> He returned to the South African Army on 30 September 1918.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31574|page=12035|date= 30 September 1919}}</ref> A [[medal bar|Bar]] to the MC followed, for actions on 25 August 1919 at [[Kardel]], fighting alongside the [[Cossacks]] against the [[Bolshevik]] [[Red Army]]at [[Battle of Tsaritsyn|Tsaritsyn]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kopisto |first1=Lauri |title=THE BRITISH INTERVENTION IN SOUTH RUSSIA 1918-1920 |date=29 April 2011 |publisher=Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki |location=Helsinki |page=117 |url=https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/26041/thebriti.pdf |access-date=27 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="Yemeni">{{Cite web|last = Shipman|first = John|title = The Wind of Morning: An Autobiography|work = Book review|publisher = British-Yemeni Society|url = http://b-ys.org.uk/journal/book-reviews/wind-morning-autobiography|access-date = 30 April | Boustead received the honour from [[George V of the United Kingdom]] on 15 August 1917<ref name="Boxing">Court Circular (Court and Social) ''[[The Times]]'' Thursday, 16 August 1917; p. 9; Issue 41558; col A.</ref> and transferred to the [[British Indian Army]] ten days later.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30385|supp=y|page=11912|date=16 November 1917}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30928|supp=y|page=11573|date=1 October 1918}}</ref> He was posted to the 2nd battalion 4th Gurkha Rifles.<ref>July 1918 Indian Army List</ref> He was promoted to [[first lieutenant|lieutenant]] on 6 August 1918.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31187|page=2436|date=18 February 1919}}</ref> He returned to the South African Army on 30 September 1918.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31574|page=12035|date= 30 September 1919}}</ref> A [[medal bar|Bar]] to the MC followed, for actions on 25 August 1919 at [[Kardel]], fighting alongside the [[Cossacks]] against the [[Bolshevik]] [[Red Army]]at [[Battle of Tsaritsyn|Tsaritsyn]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kopisto |first1=Lauri |title=THE BRITISH INTERVENTION IN SOUTH RUSSIA 1918-1920 |date=29 April 2011 |publisher=Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki |location=Helsinki |page=117 |url=https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/26041/thebriti.pdf |access-date=27 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="Yemeni">{{Cite web|last = Shipman|first = John|title = The Wind of Morning: An Autobiography|work = Book review|publisher = British-Yemeni Society|url = http://b-ys.org.uk/journal/book-reviews/wind-morning-autobiography|access-date = 30 April 2017}}</ref> The citation was gazetted on 23 April 1920 and read:<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31875|pages=4693–4694|date=20 April 1920}}</ref> | ||
{{blockquote|SOUTH AFRICAN FORCE. | {{blockquote|SOUTH AFRICAN FORCE. | ||
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Boustead was promoted to the rank of captain on 1 March 1927<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33272|page=2961|date=6 May 1927}}</ref> and served as a General Staff Officer, Third Grade from 22 July 1929 to 26 November 1930.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33764|page=6701|date=20 October 1931}}</ref> He was promoted to local major on 3 February 1931,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33718|page=3322|date=22 May 1931}}</ref> a secondment that culminated in his appointment as commander of the [[Sudan Defence Force|Sudan Camel Corps]] later that year. He was then promoted to local lieutenant colonel on 17 October 1931<ref name="SportsReference"/><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33796|page=781|date=5 February 1932}}</ref> and awarded a [[brevet (military)|brevet]] majority on 1 January 1933.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33899|page=51|date=3 January 1933}}</ref> He was appointed [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire]] in the 1934 [[King's Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34056|page=3562|date=1 June 1934}}</ref> His secondment ended on 19 November 1934 and he returned to regimental duty with the Gordons in his substantive rank of captain.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34106|page=7440|date=20 November 1934}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34108|page=7612|date=27 November 1934}}</ref> He retired in April 1935<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34148|page=2321|date=5 April 1935}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34148|page=2323|date=5 April 1935}}</ref> to begin a career with the [[Sudan Political Service]] and spent five years as District Commissioner in [[Darfur]].<ref name="TimesObit"/> | Boustead was promoted to the rank of captain on 1 March 1927<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33272|page=2961|date=6 May 1927}}</ref> and served as a General Staff Officer, Third Grade from 22 July 1929 to 26 November 1930.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33764|page=6701|date=20 October 1931}}</ref> He was promoted to local major on 3 February 1931,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33718|page=3322|date=22 May 1931}}</ref> a secondment that culminated in his appointment as commander of the [[Sudan Defence Force|Sudan Camel Corps]] later that year. He was then promoted to local lieutenant colonel on 17 October 1931<ref name="SportsReference"/><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33796|page=781|date=5 February 1932}}</ref> and awarded a [[brevet (military)|brevet]] majority on 1 January 1933.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=33899|page=51|date=3 January 1933}}</ref> He was appointed [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire]] in the 1934 [[King's Birthday Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34056|page=3562|date=1 June 1934}}</ref> His secondment ended on 19 November 1934 and he returned to regimental duty with the Gordons in his substantive rank of captain.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34106|page=7440|date=20 November 1934}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34108|page=7612|date=27 November 1934}}</ref> He retired in April 1935<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34148|page=2321|date=5 April 1935}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=34148|page=2323|date=5 April 1935}}</ref> to begin a career with the [[Sudan Political Service]] and spent five years as District Commissioner in [[Darfur]].<ref name="TimesObit"/> | ||
Boustead rejoined the military following the onset of [[World War II]] to raise, train, and command the [[Sudan Defence Force|Sudanese Frontier Force]].<ref name="TimesObit"/> As a local Lieutenant-Colonel<ref name="Dispatches">{{London Gazette|issue=35396|pages=7333–7349|date=26 December 1941}}</ref> and commander of its Camel Corps he led some of the units that helped restore Emperor [[Haile Selassie I]] to the throne of [[Ethiopia]] in 1941. For his actions in this conflict, he was recommended for the [[Distinguished Service Order]] by [[Orde Wingate]] on 15 August 1941,<ref name="DSO">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7659056|title=Recommendations for Honours and Awards (Army)-Image details-Boustead, John Edmond Hugh|work=DocumentsOnline|publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]]|format=fee usually required to download pdf of original record|access-date=14 June | Boustead rejoined the military following the onset of [[World War II]] to raise, train, and command the [[Sudan Defence Force|Sudanese Frontier Force]].<ref name="TimesObit"/> As a local Lieutenant-Colonel<ref name="Dispatches">{{London Gazette|issue=35396|pages=7333–7349|date=26 December 1941}}</ref> and commander of its Camel Corps he led some of the units that helped restore Emperor [[Haile Selassie I]] to the throne of [[Ethiopia]] in 1941. For his actions in this conflict, he was recommended for the [[Distinguished Service Order]] by [[Orde Wingate]] on 15 August 1941,<ref name="DSO">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7659056|title=Recommendations for Honours and Awards (Army)-Image details-Boustead, John Edmond Hugh|work=DocumentsOnline|publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]]|format=fee usually required to download pdf of original record|access-date=14 June 2011}}</ref> which he received on 30 December 1941, being [[Mentioned in Despatches]] on the same date.<ref name="Dispatches"/> His World War II service officially ended on 7 December 1946 and the honorary rank of Colonel was bestowned upon him.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37809|supp=y|page=5959|date=3 December 1946}}</ref> | ||
After the conflict Boustead served as a diplomat in several [[Middle East]]ern countries including [[Sudan]], [[Yemen]], and [[Oman]], prior to spending nine years (1949–1958) as a Resident Adviser in the [[Aden Protectorate]]. His next post was the then-Sultanate of [[Muscat and Oman]], where he held the position of Development Secretary.<ref name="TimesObit"/> He was appointed political agent (then equivalent to ambassador) of [[Abu Dhabi]] in 1961, a post that he held until 1965.<ref name="Yemeni"/> He was promoted [[Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in the [[New Year Honours]] that year,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=43529|supp=y|page=19|date=29 December 1964}}</ref> and presented with the Lawrence of Arabia Memorial Medal of the [[Royal Society for Asian Affairs]].<ref name="RSAA">{{Cite web|title = Colonel Sir Hugh Boustead KBE CMG DSO MC|work = Lecturers|publisher = [[Royal Society for Asian Affairs]]|date = May 2011|url = http://www.rsaa.org.uk/speakers/view/boustead_hugh|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110527193347/http://www.rsaa.org.uk/speakers/view/boustead_hugh|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2011-05-27|access-date = 16 May | After the conflict Boustead served as a diplomat in several [[Middle East]]ern countries including [[Sudan]], [[Yemen]], and [[Oman]], prior to spending nine years (1949–1958) as a Resident Adviser in the [[Aden Protectorate]]. His next post was the then-Sultanate of [[Muscat and Oman]], where he held the position of Development Secretary.<ref name="TimesObit"/> He was appointed political agent (then equivalent to ambassador) of [[Abu Dhabi]] in 1961, a post that he held until 1965.<ref name="Yemeni"/> He was promoted [[Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in the [[New Year Honours]] that year,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=43529|supp=y|page=19|date=29 December 1964}}</ref> and presented with the Lawrence of Arabia Memorial Medal of the [[Royal Society for Asian Affairs]].<ref name="RSAA">{{Cite web|title = Colonel Sir Hugh Boustead KBE CMG DSO MC|work = Lecturers|publisher = [[Royal Society for Asian Affairs]]|date = May 2011|url = http://www.rsaa.org.uk/speakers/view/boustead_hugh|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110527193347/http://www.rsaa.org.uk/speakers/view/boustead_hugh|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2011-05-27|access-date = 16 May 2004}}</ref> | ||
==Later life== | ==Later life== | ||