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{{short description|Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami politician}}{{EngvarB|date=April | {{short description|Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami politician}}{{EngvarB|date=April 2022}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} | ||
{{Infobox criminal | {{Infobox criminal | ||
| honorific-prefix = | | honorific-prefix = | ||
| name | | name = Quasem Ali | ||
| honorific-suffix = | | honorific-suffix = | ||
| image = File:Mir Quasem Ali.jpg | | image = File:Mir Quasem Ali.jpg | ||
| caption | | caption = | ||
| birth_date | | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1952|12|31}} | ||
| birth_place | | birth_place = [[Manikganj]], [[East Bengal]], [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]] | ||
| death_date | | death_date = {{dda|df=yes|2016|9|3|1952|12|31}} | ||
| death_place | | death_place = Kashimpur Prison, [[Gazipur District|Gazipur]], [[Bangladesh]] | ||
| death_cause | | death_cause = [[Execution by hanging]] | ||
| nationality | | nationality = | ||
| citizenship | | citizenship = {{Flag|Pakistan|name=Pakistani}} (1952-1971) <br> {{Flag|Bangladesh|name=Bangladeshi}} (1971-2016) | ||
| party | | party = [[Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh|Jamaat-e-Islami]] | ||
| otherparty | | otherparty = | ||
| spouse | | spouse = | ||
| relations | | relations = | ||
| resting_place | | resting_place = | ||
| children | | children = | ||
| residence | | residence = | ||
| alma_mater | | alma_mater = | ||
| occupation | | occupation = {{hlist|Politician|businessman}} | ||
| conviction | | conviction = [[Crimes against humanity]] | ||
| conviction_penalty | | conviction_penalty = [[Capital punishment|Death]] by [[hanging]] | ||
| conviction_status | | conviction_status = | ||
| signature | | signature = | ||
| website | | website = | ||
| footnotes | | footnotes = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Mir Quasem Ali''' (31 December 1952 – 3 September 2016) was a Bangladeshi businessman, philanthropist and politician. He was a former director of [[Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd|Islami Bank]], and chairman of the Diganta Media Corporation, which owns [[Diganta Television|Diganta TV]].<ref name=status-AJ>{{cite news |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/bangladesh-executes-prominent-jamaat-leader-160903135231345.html |title=Bangladesh executes last prominent Jamaat leader |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=4 September | '''Mir Quasem Ali''' (31 December 1952 – 3 September 2016) was a Bangladeshi businessman, philanthropist and politician. He was a former director of [[Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd|Islami Bank]], and chairman of the Diganta Media Corporation, which owns [[Diganta Television|Diganta TV]].<ref name=status-AJ>{{cite news |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/bangladesh-executes-prominent-jamaat-leader-160903135231345.html |title=Bangladesh executes last prominent Jamaat leader |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="status-qp"/> He founded the [[Ibn Sina Trust]] and was a key figure in the establishment of the NGO Rabita al-Alam al-Islami.<ref name="bdnews24.com">{{cite news |title=War crimes verdict on Mir Quasem Ali Sunday |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2014/10/30/war-crimes-verdict-on-mir-quasem-ali-sunday |work=bdnews24.com |access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref> He was considered to be the wealthiest member of the [[Bangladeshi]] political party [[Jamaat-e-Islami]].{{cn|date=August 2021}} He was sentenced to death on 2 November 2014 for [[crimes against humanity]] committed during the [[Liberation War of Bangladesh]] in 1971 by [[International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)|International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh]].<ref name=status-AJ/><ref name=status-HRW>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/09/01/bangladesh-halt-imminent-war-crimes-executions |title=Bangladesh: Halt Imminent War Crimes Executions |website=Human Rights Watch |date=September 2016 |access-date=1 September 2022}}</ref> The charges were denied by his relatives, stating they were politically motivated.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jamaat leader given death sentence |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2014/11/bangladesh-jamaat-death-verdict-mirquasem-albadr-201411244727909956.html |work=[[Aljazeera]] |date=2 November 2022}}</ref> Rights groups also raised concerns about these cases, with [[Amnesty International]] criticising the use of the death penalty and saying Mir Quasem Ali's trial had been unfair.<ref name=status-AA>{{cite web |url=http://aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/world-ignoring-bangladeshi-executions/643005 |title=World 'ignoring Bangladeshi executions' |author=Michael Sercan Daventry-Anadolu Agency |website=www.aa.com.tr/en |accessdate=8 September 2022}}</ref> He was [[hanged]] at Gazipur on 3 September 2016<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/bangladesh-executes-prominent-jamaat-leader-160903135231345.html |title=Bangladesh executes last prominent Jamaat leader |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref> after his final appeal was rejected by the [[Supreme Court of Bangladesh]].<ref name="The Daily Star">{{cite news |title=Submit concise statements on Quasem plea in 4 weeks: SC |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/politics/sc-gives-4-weeks-concise-statements-quasem%E2%80%99s-plea-88729 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref> | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Mir Quasem Ali was born to Mir Tayeb Ali and Rabeya Begum. He was born in Munsidangi Sutalori in [[Manikganj]] on 31 December 1952. He joined the Islami Chhatra Sangha in 1967 while studying in Chittagong Collegiate School.<ref name=status-qp>{{cite web |url=http://aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/bangladesh-jamaat-leader-hanged-for-alleged-war-crimes/640491 |title=Bangladesh Jamaat leader hanged for alleged war crimes |author=Anadolu Agency |website=www.aa.com.tr/en |accessdate=3 September | Mir Quasem Ali was born to Mir Tayeb Ali and Rabeya Begum. He was born in Munsidangi Sutalori in [[Manikganj]] on 31 December 1952. He joined the Islami Chhatra Sangha in 1967 while studying in Chittagong Collegiate School.<ref name=status-qp>{{cite web |url=http://aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/bangladesh-jamaat-leader-hanged-for-alleged-war-crimes/640491 |title=Bangladesh Jamaat leader hanged for alleged war crimes |author=Anadolu Agency |website=www.aa.com.tr/en |accessdate=3 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=War trial: Mir Quasem verdict Sunday |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/war-trial-mir-quasem-verdict-sunday-48077 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref> | ||
==Business== | ==Business== | ||
Mir Quasem Ali was a former director of [[Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd|Islami Bank]], and chairman of the Diganta Media Corporation, which owns [[Diganta Television|Diganta TV]]. He founded the [[Ibn Sina Trust]] and was a key figure in the establishment of the NGO Rabita al-Alam al-Islami. He was the chairman of Keari Ltd, Association of Multipurpose Welfare Agencies of Bangladesh and Agro Industrial Trust, director of marketing of Ibn Sina Pharmaceutical Industries, member secretary of Fouad Al-Khateeb Charity Foundation. He was part of management in Industrialists and Businessmen Welfare Foundation, Allama Iqbal Sangsad, International Islamic University Chittagong, [[Darul Ihsan University]], Centre for Strategy and Peace Studies.<ref>{{cite news |title=War trial: Mir Quasem verdict Sunday |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/war-trial-mir-quasem-verdict-sunday-48077 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=22 March | Mir Quasem Ali was a former director of [[Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd|Islami Bank]], and chairman of the Diganta Media Corporation, which owns [[Diganta Television|Diganta TV]]. He founded the [[Ibn Sina Trust]] and was a key figure in the establishment of the NGO Rabita al-Alam al-Islami. He was the chairman of Keari Ltd, Association of Multipurpose Welfare Agencies of Bangladesh and Agro Industrial Trust, director of marketing of Ibn Sina Pharmaceutical Industries, member secretary of Fouad Al-Khateeb Charity Foundation. He was part of management in Industrialists and Businessmen Welfare Foundation, Allama Iqbal Sangsad, International Islamic University Chittagong, [[Darul Ihsan University]], Centre for Strategy and Peace Studies.<ref>{{cite news |title=War trial: Mir Quasem verdict Sunday |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/war-trial-mir-quasem-verdict-sunday-48077 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> | ||
==Bangladesh Liberation War== | ==Bangladesh Liberation War== | ||
Mir Quasem was a first-year student of [[Chittagong College]] in 1971, where he was pursuing a bachelor's degree in physics. He was the president of Chittagong Chhatra Sangha's unit. He was elected to the Pakistan Islami Chhatra Sangha's provincial working council on 6 November. He was also general secretary of East Pakistan Islami Chhatra Sangha.<ref name="bdnews24.com"/> Al-Badr was a paramilitary force composed of Jamaat e Islami's then student wing Islami Chhatra Sangha to support the Pakistan army and crackdown on pro-liberation groups.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Manik|first1=Julfikar Ali|title=Al-Badr commander Mir Quasem to die|url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2014/nov/03/al-badr-commander-mir-quasem-die |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=14 July | Mir Quasem was a first-year student of [[Chittagong College]] in 1971, where he was pursuing a bachelor's degree in physics. He was the president of Chittagong Chhatra Sangha's unit. He was elected to the Pakistan Islami Chhatra Sangha's provincial working council on 6 November. He was also general secretary of East Pakistan Islami Chhatra Sangha.<ref name="bdnews24.com"/> Al-Badr was a paramilitary force composed of Jamaat e Islami's then student wing Islami Chhatra Sangha to support the Pakistan army and crackdown on pro-liberation groups.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Manik|first1=Julfikar Ali|title=Al-Badr commander Mir Quasem to die|url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2014/nov/03/al-badr-commander-mir-quasem-die |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref> Al-Badr branch of [[Chittagong]] seized Mohamaya Bhaban building at Andrrkilla. The building was owned by a local Hindu family. They renamed it "Dalim Hotel" and used it as an interrogation and detention centre. Pro- Bangladeshi activists Jahangir Alam Chowdhury and Syed Md Emran testified at Quasem's trial that the prison was used to torture suspected members of [[Mukti Bahini]]; Mukti Bahini members "Jasim", Tuntu Sen and Ranjit Das were killed at this place. Witnesses testified at the trial that guards at hotel Dalim would announce the arrival of Quasem with "Mr Quasem has come. Mr Commander has come."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chowdhury|first1=Minto|last2=Huq|first2=Quazi Shahreen|title=Mir Quasem's Dalim Hotel was a 'death factory'|url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2014/11/03/mir-quasems-dalim-hotel-was-a-death-factory |work=bdnews24.com |access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref> | ||
==After independence== | ==After independence== | ||
After independence, Quasem fled to [[Saudi Arabia]]. He returned to Bangladesh and became the founding president of [[Islami Chhatra Shibir]], the Jamaat's student front, on 6 February 1977. The organisation is a successor to the Islami Chhatra Sangha.<ref name="bdnews24.com"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Supreme Court Correspondent|title=Deadline for Mir Quasem appeal summary extended by four weeks|url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/05/28/deadline-for-mir-quasem-appeal-summary-extended-by-four-weeks |work=bdnews24.com |access-date=14 July | After independence, Quasem fled to [[Saudi Arabia]]. He returned to Bangladesh and became the founding president of [[Islami Chhatra Shibir]], the Jamaat's student front, on 6 February 1977. The organisation is a successor to the Islami Chhatra Sangha.<ref name="bdnews24.com"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Supreme Court Correspondent|title=Deadline for Mir Quasem appeal summary extended by four weeks|url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/05/28/deadline-for-mir-quasem-appeal-summary-extended-by-four-weeks |work=bdnews24.com |access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref> | ||
==Trial== | ==Trial== | ||
Out of the 14 charges, Quasem was convicted of 10 charges in the trial at [[International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)|International Crimes Tribunal]] and he was given a death sentence for two of the charges, namely murder and kidnapping.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Death for Quasem:10 out of 14 charges proved|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/death-for-quasem-48513|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=2 November | Out of the 14 charges, Quasem was convicted of 10 charges in the trial at [[International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)|International Crimes Tribunal]] and he was given a death sentence for two of the charges, namely murder and kidnapping.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Death for Quasem:10 out of 14 charges proved|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/death-for-quasem-48513|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|date=2 November 2022}}</ref> | ||
After the announcement of the verdict, the lawyers from the defence said that justice had not been done for Quasem and he did not get proper judgment.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|last1=Paul|first1=Ruma|title=Bangladesh Islamist leader sentenced to death for war crimes|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bangladesh-warcrimes-idUKKBN0IM03Q20141103?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews|accessdate=3 November 2014|work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> [[Gonojagoron Moncho]] supported the verdict and expressed satisfaction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gonojagoron Moncho happy with Quasem verdict|url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2014/nov/03/gonojagoron-moncho-happy-quasem-verdict |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=14 July | After the announcement of the verdict, the lawyers from the defence said that justice had not been done for Quasem and he did not get proper judgment.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|last1=Paul|first1=Ruma|title=Bangladesh Islamist leader sentenced to death for war crimes|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bangladesh-warcrimes-idUKKBN0IM03Q20141103?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews|accessdate=3 November 2014|work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> [[Gonojagoron Moncho]] supported the verdict and expressed satisfaction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gonojagoron Moncho happy with Quasem verdict|url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2014/nov/03/gonojagoron-moncho-happy-quasem-verdict |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=14 July 2022}}</ref> The defence pledged an appeal to [[Bangladesh High court]]. Quasem's political Party [[Jamaat-e-Islami]] called for a nationwide three days strike as a protest over the verdict.<ref name=":1" /> He filed an appeal with the [[Supreme Court of Bangladesh]].<ref name="The Daily Star"/> The supreme court rejected the [[review petition]] on 30 August 2016,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/country/kashimpur-jail-gets-order-execute-quasem-1279981|title=War crimes: Jamaat's moneyman Quasem hanged |work=The Daily Star |date=3 September 2016 |access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref> and Ali refused to seek [[clemency]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-09-04 |title=Bangladesh hangs Islamist Mir Quasem Ali for 1971 war crimes |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37268320 |access-date=2021-10-10 |quote=He declined to seek a presidential pardon, which would have required an admission of guilt.}}</ref> | ||
===Employment of US lobby firm=== | ===Employment of US lobby firm=== | ||
In 2010, after the formation of the International Crimes Tribunal, Quasem signed a 25 million US dollar deal with the most influential US lobby firm [[Cassidy & Associates]] to influence the US government to foil the war crimes trial process.<ref name="lobby-DS-1">{{cite news |last=Emran Hossain |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/25m-helped-not-that-much-48639 |title=$25m helped, not that much: US lobbyist hired 'unlawfully' to upset war crimes trial |language=English |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |location=Dhaka |date=3 November 2014 |access-date=21 March | In 2010, after the formation of the International Crimes Tribunal, Quasem signed a 25 million US dollar deal with the most influential US lobby firm [[Cassidy & Associates]] to influence the US government to foil the war crimes trial process.<ref name="lobby-DS-1">{{cite news |last=Emran Hossain |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/25m-helped-not-that-much-48639 |title=$25m helped, not that much: US lobbyist hired 'unlawfully' to upset war crimes trial |language=English |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |location=Dhaka |date=3 November 2014 |access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref> In 2011, Quasem and his brother Mir Masum Ali again hired the same firm for the same purpose and paid $310,000 and that was the largest amount paid by any client in the first quarter of 2011.<ref name="lobby-DT-1">{{cite news |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/crime/2016/09/03/quasem-desperate-stay-alive/ |title=Quasem was desperate to stay alive |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |date=3 September 2016 |access-date=21 March 2018 |quote=... in 2013 announced that it had acquired the receipt of Quasem paying $25m to appoint a lobbyist firm – Washington-based Cassidy & Associates – to cast doubt and raise questions about the war crimes trials... In 2011, Quasem and his brother Mir Masum Ali hired Cassidy & Associates for $310,000 to influence US politicians and government officials against the tribunal proceedings... New York-based Organisation for Peace and Justice (OPJ) appointed Cassidy & Associates in April 2014 to "engage members of the US Congress to support a congressional resolution condemning the actions of the ICT [International Crimes Tribunal] and to use best efforts to include anti-ICT legislative language" in the legislative bodies. The OPJ is run by sympathisers of Jamaat and its mission is to assist the party and its members in Bangladesh. Cassidy then sub-contracted two other firms named Cloakroom Advisors and Kglobal. Both firms were appointed to carry out the same tasks as Cassidy; but in addition, they would "conduct outreach to the Department of State (South and Central Asia Bureau and International Operations)." As per the contract, the Organisation for Peace and Justice was supposed to pay Cassidy a total of $50,000 over a period of three months as a lobbying fee. The second pro-Jamaat organisation that is lobbying against the war crimes trial in the USA is called the Human Rights Development in Bangladesh (HRDB). In March 2014, the HRDB appointed another US lobbyist firm Just Consulting LLC which was later renamed Grieboski Global Strategies. Grieboski was tasked with reaching out to and influencing the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, the US Department of State and the US Congress against the war crimes trials. }}</ref> Not only that, in 2014 sympathizer groups from the US again signed a contract with Cassidy & Associates to lobby for the same cause and promised to pay $50,000. Later Cassidy & Associates sub-contracted the task to another 2 firms named Cloakroom Advisors and Kgloba. Besides this, another pro-Jamaat-e-Islami organization appointed another lobbying firm named 'Just Consulting LLC' which was later renamed 'Grieboski Global Strategies' to influence the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, the US Department of State and the US Congress against the war crimes trials.<ref name="lobby-DT-1"/> | ||
===Controversy=== | ===Controversy=== | ||
Some critics of the current Bangladeshi Government said that [[Sheikh Hasina]], the prime minister of the country used the trials to target her political enemies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/bangladesh-court-sentences-islamist-politician-mir-quasem-ali-to-death-1414914582|title=Bangladesh Court Sentences Islamist Politician Mir Quasem Ali to Death|date=2 November 2014|work=[[Wall Street Journal]]|last1=Zain Al-Mahmood|first1=Syed}}</ref> | Some critics of the current Bangladeshi Government said that [[Sheikh Hasina]], the prime minister of the country used the trials to target her political enemies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/bangladesh-court-sentences-islamist-politician-mir-quasem-ali-to-death-1414914582|title=Bangladesh Court Sentences Islamist Politician Mir Quasem Ali to Death|date=2 November 2014|work=[[Wall Street Journal]]|last1=Zain Al-Mahmood|first1=Syed}}</ref> | ||
In 2016, [[Human Rights Watch]] reported that Mir Quasem Ali's trial was flawed.<ref name="status-qp"/> It demanded a moratorium on the death penalty, after details emerged that the prosecution had for producing insufficient evidence in court.<ref name=status-qp/><ref name=":2" /> Brad Adams of HRW stated: "Allowing the death sentence in a case with such fundamental doubts about the evidence is unthinkable."<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/03/22/bangladesh-war-crimes-verdict-based-flawed-trial|title=Bangladesh: War Crimes Verdict Based on Flawed Trial|date=23 March 2016 |access-date=6 August | In 2016, [[Human Rights Watch]] reported that Mir Quasem Ali's trial was flawed.<ref name="status-qp"/> It demanded a moratorium on the death penalty, after details emerged that the prosecution had for producing insufficient evidence in court.<ref name=status-qp/><ref name=":2" /> Brad Adams of HRW stated: "Allowing the death sentence in a case with such fundamental doubts about the evidence is unthinkable."<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/03/22/bangladesh-war-crimes-verdict-based-flawed-trial|title=Bangladesh: War Crimes Verdict Based on Flawed Trial|date=23 March 2016 |access-date=6 August 2022}}</ref> | ||
[[Amnesty International]] raised serious concerns about the court proceedings. These included denying defence lawyers adequate time to prepare their cases, and arbitrarily limiting the number of witnesses they could call on. It urged the Bangladeshi government to annul the death sentence against Mir Quasem Ali and grant him a retrial, noting how the proceedings had reportedly been "marred" by irregularities.<ref name=status-qp/><ref name=":3">{{cite web|title=Bangladesh: Halt imminent execution of Mir Quasem Ali after unfair trial|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/08/bangladesh-halt-execution-of-quasem-ali/|website=Amnesty International|date=30 August 2016|publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=4 September | [[Amnesty International]] raised serious concerns about the court proceedings. These included denying defence lawyers adequate time to prepare their cases, and arbitrarily limiting the number of witnesses they could call on. It urged the Bangladeshi government to annul the death sentence against Mir Quasem Ali and grant him a retrial, noting how the proceedings had reportedly been "marred" by irregularities.<ref name=status-qp/><ref name=":3">{{cite web|title=Bangladesh: Halt imminent execution of Mir Quasem Ali after unfair trial|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/08/bangladesh-halt-execution-of-quasem-ali/|website=Amnesty International|date=30 August 2016|publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=4 September 2022}}</ref> Amnesty spokeswoman Champa Patel said: | ||
<blockquote>The people of Bangladesh deserve justice for crimes committed during the War of Independence. The continued use of the death penalty will not achieve this. It only serves to inflame domestic tensions and further divide a society riven by violence.<ref name=":3" /></blockquote> | <blockquote>The people of Bangladesh deserve justice for crimes committed during the War of Independence. The continued use of the death penalty will not achieve this. It only serves to inflame domestic tensions and further divide a society riven by violence.<ref name=":3" /></blockquote> | ||
Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International also alleged that Mir Quasem Ali's son, [[Mir Ahmad Bin Quasem|Ahmed Bin Quasem]], was arrested on 9 August 2016 and has since disappeared. Amnesty says multiple credible sources place him at [[Rapid Action Battalion]] (RAB) headquarters in Dhaka on 12 August, but authorities have denied having him in custody.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amnesty, HRW condemn 'detention' of SQ Chy, Mir Quasem's sons |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/city/amnesty-hrw-condemn-detention-sq-chy-mir-quasems-sons-1269919 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=15 August 2016 |accessdate=4 September | Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International also alleged that Mir Quasem Ali's son, [[Mir Ahmad Bin Quasem|Ahmed Bin Quasem]], was arrested on 9 August 2016 and has since disappeared. Amnesty says multiple credible sources place him at [[Rapid Action Battalion]] (RAB) headquarters in Dhaka on 12 August, but authorities have denied having him in custody.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amnesty, HRW condemn 'detention' of SQ Chy, Mir Quasem's sons |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/city/amnesty-hrw-condemn-detention-sq-chy-mir-quasems-sons-1269919 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=15 August 2016 |accessdate=4 September 2022}}</ref> | ||
==Execution== | ==Execution== | ||
| Line 91: | Line 90: | ||
[[Category:Bangladeshi politicians convicted of crimes]] | [[Category:Bangladeshi politicians convicted of crimes]] | ||
[[Category:Bangladeshi male criminals]] | [[Category:Bangladeshi male criminals]] | ||
[[Category:Executed mass murderers]] | |||
Latest revision as of 10:21, 24 November 2022
Quasem Ali | |
|---|---|
| Error creating thumbnail: File missing | |
| Born | 31 December 1952 |
| Died | 3 September 2016 (aged 63) Kashimpur Prison, Gazipur, Bangladesh |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Citizenship |  Pakistani (1952-1971)  Bangladeshi (1971-2016) |
| Occupation |
|
| Political party | Jamaat-e-Islami |
| Conviction(s) | Crimes against humanity |
| Criminal penalty | Death by hanging |
Mir Quasem Ali (31 December 1952 – 3 September 2016) was a Bangladeshi businessman, philanthropist and politician. He was a former director of Islami Bank, and chairman of the Diganta Media Corporation, which owns Diganta TV.[1][2] He founded the Ibn Sina Trust and was a key figure in the establishment of the NGO Rabita al-Alam al-Islami.[3] He was considered to be the wealthiest member of the Bangladeshi political party Jamaat-e-Islami.[citation needed] He was sentenced to death on 2 November 2014 for crimes against humanity committed during the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971 by International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh.[1][4] The charges were denied by his relatives, stating they were politically motivated.[5] Rights groups also raised concerns about these cases, with Amnesty International criticising the use of the death penalty and saying Mir Quasem Ali's trial had been unfair.[6] He was hanged at Gazipur on 3 September 2016[7] after his final appeal was rejected by the Supreme Court of Bangladesh.[8]
Early life[edit | edit source]
Mir Quasem Ali was born to Mir Tayeb Ali and Rabeya Begum. He was born in Munsidangi Sutalori in Manikganj on 31 December 1952. He joined the Islami Chhatra Sangha in 1967 while studying in Chittagong Collegiate School.[2][9]
Business[edit | edit source]
Mir Quasem Ali was a former director of Islami Bank, and chairman of the Diganta Media Corporation, which owns Diganta TV. He founded the Ibn Sina Trust and was a key figure in the establishment of the NGO Rabita al-Alam al-Islami. He was the chairman of Keari Ltd, Association of Multipurpose Welfare Agencies of Bangladesh and Agro Industrial Trust, director of marketing of Ibn Sina Pharmaceutical Industries, member secretary of Fouad Al-Khateeb Charity Foundation. He was part of management in Industrialists and Businessmen Welfare Foundation, Allama Iqbal Sangsad, International Islamic University Chittagong, Darul Ihsan University, Centre for Strategy and Peace Studies.[10]
Bangladesh Liberation War[edit | edit source]
Mir Quasem was a first-year student of Chittagong College in 1971, where he was pursuing a bachelor's degree in physics. He was the president of Chittagong Chhatra Sangha's unit. He was elected to the Pakistan Islami Chhatra Sangha's provincial working council on 6 November. He was also general secretary of East Pakistan Islami Chhatra Sangha.[3] Al-Badr was a paramilitary force composed of Jamaat e Islami's then student wing Islami Chhatra Sangha to support the Pakistan army and crackdown on pro-liberation groups.[11] Al-Badr branch of Chittagong seized Mohamaya Bhaban building at Andrrkilla. The building was owned by a local Hindu family. They renamed it "Dalim Hotel" and used it as an interrogation and detention centre. Pro- Bangladeshi activists Jahangir Alam Chowdhury and Syed Md Emran testified at Quasem's trial that the prison was used to torture suspected members of Mukti Bahini; Mukti Bahini members "Jasim", Tuntu Sen and Ranjit Das were killed at this place. Witnesses testified at the trial that guards at hotel Dalim would announce the arrival of Quasem with "Mr Quasem has come. Mr Commander has come."[12]
After independence[edit | edit source]
After independence, Quasem fled to Saudi Arabia. He returned to Bangladesh and became the founding president of Islami Chhatra Shibir, the Jamaat's student front, on 6 February 1977. The organisation is a successor to the Islami Chhatra Sangha.[3][13]
Trial[edit | edit source]
Out of the 14 charges, Quasem was convicted of 10 charges in the trial at International Crimes Tribunal and he was given a death sentence for two of the charges, namely murder and kidnapping.[14] After the announcement of the verdict, the lawyers from the defence said that justice had not been done for Quasem and he did not get proper judgment.[15] Gonojagoron Moncho supported the verdict and expressed satisfaction.[16] The defence pledged an appeal to Bangladesh High court. Quasem's political Party Jamaat-e-Islami called for a nationwide three days strike as a protest over the verdict.[15] He filed an appeal with the Supreme Court of Bangladesh.[8] The supreme court rejected the review petition on 30 August 2016,[17] and Ali refused to seek clemency.[18]
Employment of US lobby firm[edit | edit source]
In 2010, after the formation of the International Crimes Tribunal, Quasem signed a 25 million US dollar deal with the most influential US lobby firm Cassidy & Associates to influence the US government to foil the war crimes trial process.[19] In 2011, Quasem and his brother Mir Masum Ali again hired the same firm for the same purpose and paid $310,000 and that was the largest amount paid by any client in the first quarter of 2011.[20] Not only that, in 2014 sympathizer groups from the US again signed a contract with Cassidy & Associates to lobby for the same cause and promised to pay $50,000. Later Cassidy & Associates sub-contracted the task to another 2 firms named Cloakroom Advisors and Kgloba. Besides this, another pro-Jamaat-e-Islami organization appointed another lobbying firm named 'Just Consulting LLC' which was later renamed 'Grieboski Global Strategies' to influence the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, the US Department of State and the US Congress against the war crimes trials.[20]
Controversy[edit | edit source]
Some critics of the current Bangladeshi Government said that Sheikh Hasina, the prime minister of the country used the trials to target her political enemies.[21]
In 2016, Human Rights Watch reported that Mir Quasem Ali's trial was flawed.[2] It demanded a moratorium on the death penalty, after details emerged that the prosecution had for producing insufficient evidence in court.[2][22] Brad Adams of HRW stated: "Allowing the death sentence in a case with such fundamental doubts about the evidence is unthinkable."[22]
Amnesty International raised serious concerns about the court proceedings. These included denying defence lawyers adequate time to prepare their cases, and arbitrarily limiting the number of witnesses they could call on. It urged the Bangladeshi government to annul the death sentence against Mir Quasem Ali and grant him a retrial, noting how the proceedings had reportedly been "marred" by irregularities.[2][23] Amnesty spokeswoman Champa Patel said:
The people of Bangladesh deserve justice for crimes committed during the War of Independence. The continued use of the death penalty will not achieve this. It only serves to inflame domestic tensions and further divide a society riven by violence.[23]
Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International also alleged that Mir Quasem Ali's son, Ahmed Bin Quasem, was arrested on 9 August 2016 and has since disappeared. Amnesty says multiple credible sources place him at Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) headquarters in Dhaka on 12 August, but authorities have denied having him in custody.[24]
Execution[edit | edit source]
Mir Quasem Ali was hanged at Kashimpur Prison in Gazipur on 3 September 2016.[7]
There were reports of street celebrations held in Dhaka and Chittagong after the news of Ali's execution was broadcast live on television.[citation needed]
The government of Pakistan said in a statement that the country was "deeply saddened" by the execution.[25][26] The Foreign Ministry of Turkey in a statement condemned the hanging as an inappropriate ruling.[27]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Bangladesh executes last prominent Jamaat leader". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Anadolu Agency. "Bangladesh Jamaat leader hanged for alleged war crimes". www.aa.com.tr/en. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "War crimes verdict on Mir Quasem Ali Sunday". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ↑ "Bangladesh: Halt Imminent War Crimes Executions". Human Rights Watch. September 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
- ↑ "Jamaat leader given death sentence". Aljazeera. 2 November 2022.
- ↑ Michael Sercan Daventry-Anadolu Agency. "World 'ignoring Bangladeshi executions'". www.aa.com.tr/en. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Bangladesh executes last prominent Jamaat leader". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Submit concise statements on Quasem plea in 4 weeks: SC". The Daily Star. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ↑ "War trial: Mir Quasem verdict Sunday". The Daily Star. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ↑ "War trial: Mir Quasem verdict Sunday". The Daily Star. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
- ↑ Manik, Julfikar Ali. "Al-Badr commander Mir Quasem to die". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ↑ Chowdhury, Minto; Huq, Quazi Shahreen. "Mir Quasem's Dalim Hotel was a 'death factory'". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ↑ Supreme Court Correspondent. "Deadline for Mir Quasem appeal summary extended by four weeks". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
{{cite news}}:|last1=has generic name (help) - ↑ "Death for Quasem:10 out of 14 charges proved". The Daily Star. 2 November 2022.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Paul, Ruma. "Bangladesh Islamist leader sentenced to death for war crimes". Reuters. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ↑ "Gonojagoron Moncho happy with Quasem verdict". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ↑ "War crimes: Jamaat's moneyman Quasem hanged". The Daily Star. 3 September 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
- ↑ "Bangladesh hangs Islamist Mir Quasem Ali for 1971 war crimes". BBC News. 4 September 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
He declined to seek a presidential pardon, which would have required an admission of guilt.
- ↑ Emran Hossain (3 November 2014). "$25m helped, not that much: US lobbyist hired 'unlawfully' to upset war crimes trial". The Daily Star. Dhaka. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Quasem was desperate to stay alive". Dhaka Tribune. 3 September 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
... in 2013 announced that it had acquired the receipt of Quasem paying $25m to appoint a lobbyist firm – Washington-based Cassidy & Associates – to cast doubt and raise questions about the war crimes trials... In 2011, Quasem and his brother Mir Masum Ali hired Cassidy & Associates for $310,000 to influence US politicians and government officials against the tribunal proceedings... New York-based Organisation for Peace and Justice (OPJ) appointed Cassidy & Associates in April 2014 to "engage members of the US Congress to support a congressional resolution condemning the actions of the ICT [International Crimes Tribunal] and to use best efforts to include anti-ICT legislative language" in the legislative bodies. The OPJ is run by sympathisers of Jamaat and its mission is to assist the party and its members in Bangladesh. Cassidy then sub-contracted two other firms named Cloakroom Advisors and Kglobal. Both firms were appointed to carry out the same tasks as Cassidy; but in addition, they would "conduct outreach to the Department of State (South and Central Asia Bureau and International Operations)." As per the contract, the Organisation for Peace and Justice was supposed to pay Cassidy a total of $50,000 over a period of three months as a lobbying fee. The second pro-Jamaat organisation that is lobbying against the war crimes trial in the USA is called the Human Rights Development in Bangladesh (HRDB). In March 2014, the HRDB appointed another US lobbyist firm Just Consulting LLC which was later renamed Grieboski Global Strategies. Grieboski was tasked with reaching out to and influencing the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, the US Department of State and the US Congress against the war crimes trials.
- ↑ Zain Al-Mahmood, Syed (2 November 2014). "Bangladesh Court Sentences Islamist Politician Mir Quasem Ali to Death". Wall Street Journal.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Bangladesh: War Crimes Verdict Based on Flawed Trial". 23 March 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Bangladesh: Halt imminent execution of Mir Quasem Ali after unfair trial". Amnesty International. Amnesty International. 30 August 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
- ↑ "Amnesty, HRW condemn 'detention' of SQ Chy, Mir Quasem's sons". The Daily Star. 15 August 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
- ↑ Janjua, Haroon (30 March 2021). "Should Pakistan apologize to Bangladesh for the 1971 war?". Asia. Deutsche Welle English. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021.
- ↑ Abbas, Syed Sammer (4 September 2016). "Pakistan 'deeply saddened' over Dhaka's execution of Jamaat leader Mir Quasem Ali". Retrieved 10 October 2021.
- ↑ "Turkey condemns hanging of Bangladeshi leader". Retrieved 10 October 2021.
We would like to stress once again that the past wounds cannot be bound up with these methods," said the Turkish Foreign Ministry in a statement published Sunday. "Turkey hopes this inappropriate ruling will not cause any dissidence among fellow Bangladeshi people.
