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{{Short description|Type of throwing club}} | {{Short description|Type of throwing club}} | ||
{{about|the weapon|the villages in Romania|Vălari (disambiguation)|the 1970s compact car|Plymouth Volaré}} | {{about|the weapon|the villages in Romania|Vălari (disambiguation)|the 1970s compact car|Plymouth Volaré}} | ||
{{refimprove|date=January | {{refimprove|date=January 2022}} | ||
{{Infobox weapon | {{Infobox weapon | ||
| name | | name = International Valari Federation (IVF) | ||
| image | | image = Pl0-028.jpg | ||
| caption | | caption = | ||
| origin | | origin = [[Sivaganga]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] | ||
| type | | type = World's 1st Traditional Art | ||
<!-- Type selection --> | <!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged = Yes | ||
| is_ranged | | is_bladed = | ||
| is_bladed | | is_explosive = No | ||
| is_explosive | | is_artillery = No | ||
| is_artillery | | is_vehicle = No | ||
| is_vehicle | | is_missile = No | ||
| is_missile | | is_UK = <!-- Service history --> | ||
| is_UK | | service = | ||
<!-- Service history --> | | used_by = [[India]] | ||
| service | | designer = | ||
| used_by | | design_date = | ||
| designer | | manufacturer = | ||
| design_date | | unit_cost = | ||
| manufacturer | | production_date = | ||
| unit_cost | | number = | ||
| production_date | | variants = [[www.valari.org]] | ||
| number | | spec_label = | ||
| variants | | weight = | ||
| length = | |||
| spec_label | | part_length = | ||
| weight | | width = | ||
| length | | height = | ||
| part_length | | diameter = | ||
| width | | crew = <!-- Ranged weapon specifications --> | ||
| height | | cartridge = | ||
| diameter | | cartridge_weight = | ||
| crew | | caliber = | ||
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications --> | | barrels = | ||
| cartridge | | action = | ||
| cartridge_weight | | rate = | ||
| caliber | | velocity = | ||
| barrels | | range = | ||
| action | | max_range = | ||
| rate | | feed = | ||
| velocity | | sights = <!-- Artillery specifications --> | ||
| range | | breech = | ||
| max_range | | recoil = | ||
| feed | | carriage = | ||
| sights | | elevation = | ||
<!-- Artillery specifications --> | | traverse = <!-- Bladed weapon specifications --> | ||
| breech | | blade_type = | ||
| recoil | | hilt_type = | ||
| carriage | | sheath_type = | ||
| elevation | | head_type = | ||
| traverse | | haft_type = <!-- Explosive specifications --> | ||
<!-- Bladed weapon specifications --> | | filling = | ||
| blade_type | | filling_weight = | ||
| hilt_type | | detonation = | ||
| sheath_type | | yield = <!-- Vehicle/missile specifications --> | ||
| head_type | | armour = | ||
| haft_type | | primary_armament = | ||
<!-- Explosive specifications --> | | secondary_armament = | ||
| filling | | engine = | ||
| filling_weight | | engine_power = | ||
| detonation | | pw_ratio = | ||
| yield | | transmission = | ||
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications --> | | payload_capacity = | ||
| armour | | suspension = | ||
| primary_armament | | clearance = | ||
| secondary_armament = | | fuel_capacity = | ||
| engine | | vehicle_range = | ||
| engine_power | | speed = 1000 | ||
| pw_ratio | | guidance = | ||
| transmission | | steering = <!-- Missiles only --> | ||
| payload_capacity | | wingspan = | ||
| suspension | | propellant = | ||
| clearance | | ceiling = | ||
| fuel_capacity | | altitude = | ||
| vehicle_range | | depth = | ||
| speed | | boost = | ||
| guidance | | accuracy = | ||
| steering | | launch_platform = | ||
<!-- Missiles only --> | | transport = | ||
| wingspan | |||
| propellant | |||
| ceiling | |||
| altitude | |||
| depth | |||
| boost | |||
| accuracy | |||
| launch_platform | |||
| transport | |||
}} | }} | ||
A '''valari''' ({{lang-ta|வளரி}}) is a | A '''valari''' ({{lang-ta|வளரி}}) is a traditional weapon, primarily used by the [[Tamil people]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Thurston |first=Edgar |author-link=Edgar Thurston |title=[[Castes and Tribes of Southern India]] |access-date=8 January 2013 |edition=Fourth AES reprint |volume=III |year=2001 |orig-year=First printed in 1909 by Madras Government Press |publisher=J. Jetley |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-206-0288-5 |page=70 |chapter=Kallan |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u8vvtDI9kt0C&pg=PA70}}</ref> The valari resembles, and is used like, a boomerang. It has been used by the Tamil people in ancient battles, for protecting cattle from predators, and for hunting. | ||
The valari has a long history, dating back to pre-historic times. Valaris are described in the Tamil Sangam ''[[Purananuru]]'': a historical version of the Sangam literature, the Purananuru 233rd Poem, mentions the ''thigri'' or valari. | |||
The techniques and philosophies of valari are long periods of interaction with Tamil (India) peoples, cultures, and Traditional Arts. Valari is a synthesis of the game which is played in various methods with same name. Valari received international exposure from 2018 onwards, demonstrated and played in various states of India. In 2018, the International Valari Federation (IVF) came into existence and compiled standard rules. After formation of the International Valari Federation (IVF), the 1st National Valari Championship were held in Vellore on 16th Dec-2018, 2nd National Valari Championship were held in Lucknow, UP on 27th Oct 2019 and 3rd National Valari Championship were held in Chennai on 14th March 2021. The International Valari Federation (IVF) has given new shape to the rules and has the right to modify them. | |||
== Construction == | == Construction == | ||
The valari is a traditional art of Tamil Nadu, India. International Valari Federation (IVF) has worked toward developing a traditional sport of valari. In the year 2018, IVF declared “Valari” as Mother of All Traditional Arts and formed separate commission as “International Valari Federation (IVF)”. IVF was inaugurated and hosted first organization in the world for Valari sport. The primary objective of which was to lay the foundation for the future of Valari. IVF became the most important world governing body for Valari. | |||
Valaris are made in many shapes and sizes. The usual form consists of two limbs set at an angle; one thin and tapering, the other rounded to form a handle. Valaris are usually made of iron cast in moulds, although some may have wooden limbs tipped with iron or have lethally sharpened edges.{{Citation needed|reason=physically questionable|date=December | Valaris are made in many shapes and sizes. The usual form consists of two limbs set at an angle; one thin and tapering, the other rounded to form a handle. Valaris are usually made of iron cast in moulds, although some may have wooden limbs tipped with iron or have lethally sharpened edges.{{Citation needed|reason=physically questionable|date=December 2022}} | ||
== | == History and usage == | ||
There are several ways of throwing and aiming. It is usually given a spin while throwing. While flying through the air, it can maneuver and execute several types of movements according to the throwers purpose. It may spin in the vertical axis, horizontal axis, or just fly without spinning. The spin may also vary in speed. A lethal throw is given a spin and aimed at the neck. A non-lethal throw is given a spin and aimed at the ankles or knees. This is to capture a fleeing victim. A simple hurting blow does not have any spin. It is sharp enough to cut through a person's neck during war.{{Citation needed|reason=no cites given|date=December 2022}} | |||
It | It was used for wars and hunting by the [[Kallar (caste)|Kallar]] and [[Maravar]] clans of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thurston |first=Edgar |url=http://archive.org/details/castestribesofso01thuriala |title=Castes and tribes of southern India |last2=Rangachari |first2=K. |date=1909 |publisher=Madras : Government Press |others=University of California Libraries |pages=xxix}}</ref> It is recorded that [[Maruthu Pandiyar|Marudhu]] brothers were experts at throwing Valaris. In [[The Hindu]] article 'The deadly weapon that exemplified Tamil spirit' dated June 3,2016 Madurai MP [[S. Venkatesan|Su.Venkatesan]] says, "It is said that there were experts in the art of throwing the ''valari who'' could at one stroke despatch small game and even man. But now it reposes peacefully in the households of the descendents of Kallar and Maravar warriors who plied it with such deadly effect." The English destroyed most of the valaris when they came for conquest as they thought it would be a potential weapon of war. Only a handful of valaris are left in Tamilnadu now. The erstwhile rulers of Kallar and Maravar dynasties preserve them at their palaces now. The remaining Valaris are kept for worship by these clans during special occasions such as [[Ayudha Puja|Ayudhapooja]]. Valaris taken from Tamilnadu are kept at museums all over the world.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}} | ||
It was also exchanged between the bride and bridegroom families of | It was also exchanged between the bride and bridegroom families of Kallars. British archaeologist Robert Bruce Foote had recalled the old saying “send the valari and bring the bride".<ref>{{cite book|title=Ethnographic Notes in Southern India|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.39576/mode/2up|year=1906|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.39576/page/n648/mode/2up 559]}}</ref> The [[Thondaman dynasty| Pudukkottai kings]] always kept valari weapons in their arsenal. <ref>{{cite book|title=The Book Of The Sword|url=https://archive.org/details/TheBookOfTheSword/page/n85/mode/2up|year=1884|pages=[https://archive.org/details/TheBookOfTheSword/page/n1/mode/2up 38]}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=June | {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=September | {{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}} | ||
[[Category:Weapons of India]] | [[Category:Weapons of India]] | ||
[[Category:Tamil martial arts]] | [[Category:Tamil martial arts]] | ||
[[Category:Throwing weapons]] | [[Category:Throwing weapons]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:52, 17 October 2022
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2022) |
| International Valari Federation (IVF) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | World's 1st Traditional Art |
| Place of origin | Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Service history | |
| Used by | India |
| Production history | |
| Variants | www.valari.org |
| Specifications | |
| Maximum speed | 1000 |
A valari (Tamil: வளரி) is a traditional weapon, primarily used by the Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent.[1] The valari resembles, and is used like, a boomerang. It has been used by the Tamil people in ancient battles, for protecting cattle from predators, and for hunting.
The valari has a long history, dating back to pre-historic times. Valaris are described in the Tamil Sangam Purananuru: a historical version of the Sangam literature, the Purananuru 233rd Poem, mentions the thigri or valari.
The techniques and philosophies of valari are long periods of interaction with Tamil (India) peoples, cultures, and Traditional Arts. Valari is a synthesis of the game which is played in various methods with same name. Valari received international exposure from 2018 onwards, demonstrated and played in various states of India. In 2018, the International Valari Federation (IVF) came into existence and compiled standard rules. After formation of the International Valari Federation (IVF), the 1st National Valari Championship were held in Vellore on 16th Dec-2018, 2nd National Valari Championship were held in Lucknow, UP on 27th Oct 2019 and 3rd National Valari Championship were held in Chennai on 14th March 2021. The International Valari Federation (IVF) has given new shape to the rules and has the right to modify them.
Construction[edit | edit source]
The valari is a traditional art of Tamil Nadu, India. International Valari Federation (IVF) has worked toward developing a traditional sport of valari. In the year 2018, IVF declared “Valari” as Mother of All Traditional Arts and formed separate commission as “International Valari Federation (IVF)”. IVF was inaugurated and hosted first organization in the world for Valari sport. The primary objective of which was to lay the foundation for the future of Valari. IVF became the most important world governing body for Valari.
Valaris are made in many shapes and sizes. The usual form consists of two limbs set at an angle; one thin and tapering, the other rounded to form a handle. Valaris are usually made of iron cast in moulds, although some may have wooden limbs tipped with iron or have lethally sharpened edges.[citation needed]
History and usage[edit | edit source]
There are several ways of throwing and aiming. It is usually given a spin while throwing. While flying through the air, it can maneuver and execute several types of movements according to the throwers purpose. It may spin in the vertical axis, horizontal axis, or just fly without spinning. The spin may also vary in speed. A lethal throw is given a spin and aimed at the neck. A non-lethal throw is given a spin and aimed at the ankles or knees. This is to capture a fleeing victim. A simple hurting blow does not have any spin. It is sharp enough to cut through a person's neck during war.[citation needed]
It was used for wars and hunting by the Kallar and Maravar clans of Tamil Nadu.[2] It is recorded that Marudhu brothers were experts at throwing Valaris. In The Hindu article 'The deadly weapon that exemplified Tamil spirit' dated June 3,2016 Madurai MP Su.Venkatesan says, "It is said that there were experts in the art of throwing the valari who could at one stroke despatch small game and even man. But now it reposes peacefully in the households of the descendents of Kallar and Maravar warriors who plied it with such deadly effect." The English destroyed most of the valaris when they came for conquest as they thought it would be a potential weapon of war. Only a handful of valaris are left in Tamilnadu now. The erstwhile rulers of Kallar and Maravar dynasties preserve them at their palaces now. The remaining Valaris are kept for worship by these clans during special occasions such as Ayudhapooja. Valaris taken from Tamilnadu are kept at museums all over the world.[citation needed]
It was also exchanged between the bride and bridegroom families of Kallars. British archaeologist Robert Bruce Foote had recalled the old saying “send the valari and bring the bride".[3] The Pudukkottai kings always kept valari weapons in their arsenal. [4]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Thurston, Edgar (2001) [First printed in 1909 by Madras Government Press]. "Kallan". Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Vol. III (Fourth AES reprint ed.). New Delhi: J. Jetley. p. 70. ISBN 978-81-206-0288-5. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ↑ Thurston, Edgar; Rangachari, K. (1909). Castes and tribes of southern India. University of California Libraries. Madras : Government Press. pp. xxix.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) - ↑ Ethnographic Notes in Southern India. 1906. pp. 559.
- ↑ The Book Of The Sword. 1884. pp. 38.