HAL Tejas Mk2: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Indian multirole fighter}}
{{short description|Indian multirole fighter}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name   = Medium Weight Fighter
| name = Tejas Mark 2/Medium Weight Fighter
| image   = HAL LCA MK2.png
| image = Tejas mk2.jpg
| alt     =  
| alt =  
| caption = A model of Tejas Mark 2 displayed at the Aero India air show 2021
| caption = An artistic rendition of Tejas Mark II
}}
}}
{{Infobox aircraft type
{{Infobox aircraft type
| type           = [[Multirole combat aircraft|Multirole]]
| type = [[Multirole combat aircraft|Multirole fighter]]
| national origin = [[India]] <!-- Please DON'T add flag icons, as they limit horizontal space. -->
| national origin = [[India]] <!-- Please DON'T add flag icons, as they limit horizontal space. -->
| manufacturer   = [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]
| manufacturer = [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]
| design group   = [[Aeronautical Development Agency]] <br /> Aircraft Research and Design Centre (HAL) <br /> [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
| design group = [[Aeronautical Development Agency]] <br /> Aircraft Research and Design Centre ([[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited|HAL]])<ref>{{cite news |last1=M |first1=Anantha Krishnan |title=Upgraded Tejas fighter, touted as 'real desi game-changer', to fly in 2022-23 |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/08/06/upgraded-tejas-jet-touted-as-real-desi-game-changer-to-fly-in-2022-23.html |access-date=11 August 2021 |publisher=The Week |date=6 August 2022}}</ref> <br /> [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
| status         = Prototype Building
| status = Prototype development
| first flight   = 2023 (Planned)<ref name="BStandardDec20192"/>
| first flight = <!--If this hasn't happened, skip this field! -->
| retired         =  
| introduction = 2026-27<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peri |first1=Dinakar |title=Fifth gen fighter AMCA can be rolled out in three years after project sanction: scientists |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fifth-gen-fighter-amca-can-be-rolled-out-in-three-years-after-project-sanction-scientists/article66066386.ece |access-date=29 October 2022 |publisher=The Hindu |date=29 October 2022}}</ref>
| primary user   = [[Indian Air Force]] (intended)
| retired =  
| developed from = [[HAL Tejas]]
| primary user = [[Indian Air Force]] (intended)
| developed into =  
| developed from = [[HAL Tejas]]
| developed into =  
}}
}}
|}
|}


The '''HAL Tejas Mark 2''', or '''Medium Weight Fighter''' ('''MWF'''),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2020/02/03/india-defence-expo-medium-weight-fighter.html|title=India's Medium Weight Fighter set to fly into detail design phase|website=OnManorama|language=en|access-date=2020-02-06}}</ref> is an Indian single-engine, [[Canard (aeronautics)|canard]] [[delta wing]], [[Multirole combat aircraft]] designed by the [[Aeronautical Development Agency]] (ADA) in collaboration with Aircraft Research and Design Centre (ARDC)<ref>{{Cite web|title=With expected 83 Tejas MK1A orders, ARDC shapes India's upgraded fighter|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/nation/2020/08/05/with-expected-83-tejas-mk1a-orders-ardc-shapes-india-upgraded-fi.html|access-date=2020-08-07|website=OnManorama|language=en}}</ref> of [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] (HAL) for the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF). It is a further development of the [[HAL Tejas]], with an elongated airframe, close coupled canards, new sensors, and a more powerful engine. The Tejas Mark 2 is being designed and developed to replace multiple [[Strike fighter|strike fighters]] of IAF viz, [[SEPECAT Jaguar]], [[Dassault Mirage 2000#India|Dassault Mirage 2000]] and [[MiG-29]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Krishnan |first1=Raghu |title=Post upgradation Tejas' Mark-2 to become a medium weight fighter |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/tejas-mk-2-is-a-medium-weight-fighter/articleshow/64214939.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name = 'AIN online'>{{Cite news|title=HAL Ramps Up LCA Production and Looks to the Mk2|url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2019-03-11/hal-ramps-lca-production-and-looks-mk2|date = 11 March 2019|access-date = 8 October 2019|newspaper = Aviation International News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-08|title=Metal-cutting for single-engine Tejas fighter planes to begin in February|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/metal-cutting-job-for-tejas-to-begin-in-feb/story-wyYM6Iwz0HsC1XHkDUlX3K.html|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The first flight of Tejas Mark 2 is expected to be in 2023 with series production to begin by 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tejas-mark-ii-to-roll-out-next-year-high-speed-trials-in-2023-hal-chief-madhavan/article33708634.ece|title=Tejas Mark II to roll out next year; high-speed trials in 2023: HAL Chief Madhavan |date=31 January 2021|work=The Hindu}}</ref>
The '''HAL Tejas Mark 2''', or '''Medium Weight Fighter''' ('''MWF'''),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2020/02/03/india-defence-expo-medium-weight-fighter.html|title=India's Medium Weight Fighter set to fly into detail design phase|website=OnManorama|language=en|access-date=2020-02-06}}</ref> is an Indian single-engine, [[Canard (aeronautics)|canard]] [[delta wing]], [[multirole combat aircraft]] designed by the [[Aeronautical Development Agency]] (ADA) in collaboration with Aircraft Research and Design Centre (ARDC)<ref>{{cite web |title=With expected 83 Tejas MK1A orders, ARDC shapes India's upgraded fighter|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/nation/2020/08/05/with-expected-83-tejas-mk1a-orders-ardc-shapes-india-upgraded-fi.html|access-date=2020-08-07|website=OnManorama|language=en}}</ref> of [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] (HAL) for the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF). It is a further development of the [[HAL Tejas]], with an elongated airframe, close coupled canards, new sensors, and a more powerful engine.
 
The fighter is being designed and developed to replace multiple [[strike fighter]]s of IAF viz, the [[SEPECAT Jaguar#India|SEPECAT Jaguar]], [[Dassault Mirage 2000#India|Dassault Mirage 2000]], and [[Mikoyan MiG-29#India|Mikoyan MiG-29]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Krishnan |first1=Raghu |title=Post upgradation Tejas' Mark-2 to become a medium weight fighter |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/tejas-mk-2-is-a-medium-weight-fighter/articleshow/64214939.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=18 May 2022}}</ref><ref name = 'AIN online'>{{Cite news|title=HAL Ramps Up LCA Production and Looks to the Mk2|url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2019-03-11/hal-ramps-lca-production-and-looks-mk2|date = 11 March 2019|access-date = 8 October 2019|newspaper = Aviation International News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2019-12-08|title=Metal-cutting for single-engined Tejas fighter planes to begin in February|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/metal-cutting-job-for-tejas-to-begin-in-feb/story-wyYM6Iwz0HsC1XHkDUlX3K.html|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The indigenous content of the fighter will be 82% initially and will cross 90% after the licensed production of its engine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Anish |date=19 October 2022 |title=DefExpo 2022: IAF to phase out Mig-29, Mirage and Jaguar fighter jets by 2035; LCA Mk2 will replace them |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india-defence/defexpo-2022-iaf-to-phase-out-mig-29-mirage-and-jaguar-fighter-jets-by-2035-lca-mk2-will-replace-them-rjzimx |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=Asianet News |language=en}}</ref>


== Development ==
== Development ==
=== MWF Programme ===
=== MWF Programme ===
The development of Tejas Mark 2 or MWF was initiated to address all the shortcomings in Tejas Mark 1 and Mark 1A, and to meet the original Air Staff Requirements (ASR) set out for the LCA programme by the IAF. The development of Tejas Mark 2 was authorised in November 2009 as a continuation of LCA programme, under the phase 3 of full-scale engineering development (FSED) process.{{refn|The FSED process of the LCA programme was began in 1993 with first two phases completed so far, which resulted in the development of Tejas Mark 1, Mark 1A, LCA trainer, LCA Navy Mark 1 and LCA Navy trainer variants|group=N}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-23|title=Long-awaited indigenous light combat aircraft Tejas Mk II targeted by 2022|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indigenous-light-combat-aircraft-targeted-by-2022/story-MGy2MXsapn8H6IDjUNt12H.html|access-date=2021-06-16|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The FSED phase 3 consisted of design, development and manufacturing of two prototypes.<ref name=":0">{{cite report|title=ADA annual report 2015-16|url=https://www.ada.gov.in/images/Annual%20Report%202015-16.pdf}}</ref> Initially planned as an upsized Tejas, with a 0.5 m fuselage plug to accommodate more fuel and a more powerful engine, the Tejas Mark 2 design has evolved over years into a completely new medium weight class fighter.<ref name=":0" /> The preliminary design studies for the Tejas Mark 2 has been completed in 2014 and was in detailed design phase as of 2015.<ref name=":0" /> The redesigned fighter was first unveiled at the [[Aero India]] air show 2019, it was a 17.5 tonne class fighter with close coupled canards and integrated IRST system.<ref name="janes-aeroindia19">{{Cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/article/86671/aero-india-2019-ada-unveils-tejas-af-mk-2-medium-weight-fighter |title=Aero India 2019: ADA unveils Tejas AF Mk 2 Medium Weight Fighter |website= janes.com |access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref> Metal-cutting for the Tejas Mark 2 is set to begin in February 2021, while long lead activities towards metal cutting (like, procurement of raw materials) have already begun. The ‘roll out’ of the first prototype is scheduled for 2022 with its first flight expected to be in 2023. A total of four prototypes are being planned initially.<ref name="BStandardDec20192">{{Cite news|date=2020-02-03|title=India's Medium Weight Fighter set to fly into detail design phase|newspaper=Manoramaonline|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2020/02/03/india-defence-expo-medium-weight-fighter.amp.html|access-date=2020-02-03}}</ref>
Dr. V. Madhusudana Rao is the Project Director of Tejas Mark 2.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2022-10-28 |title=Fifth gen fighter AMCA can be rolled out in three years after project sanction: scientists |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fifth-gen-fighter-amca-can-be-rolled-out-in-three-years-after-project-sanction-scientists/article66066386.ece |access-date=2022-10-29 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The development of Tejas Mark 2 or MWF was initiated to address all the shortcomings in Tejas Mark 1 and Mark 1A, and to meet the original air staff requirements set out for the LCA programme by the IAF. The development of Tejas Mark 2 was authorised in November 2009 as a continuation of LCA programme, under the phase 3 of full-scale engineering development (FSED) process.{{refn|The FSED process of the LCA programme was begun in 1993 with first two phases completed so far, which resulted in the development of Tejas Mark 1, Mark 1A, LCA trainer, LCA Navy Mark 1 and LCA Navy trainer variants|group=N}}<ref>{{cite web |date=2019-08-23|title=Long-awaited indigenous light combat aircraft Tejas Mk II targeted by 2022|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indigenous-light-combat-aircraft-targeted-by-2022/story-MGy2MXsapn8H6IDjUNt12H.html|access-date=2021-06-16|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The FSED phase 3 consisted of design, development and manufacturing of two prototypes.<ref name=":0">{{cite report|title=ADA annual report 2015-16|url=https://www.ada.gov.in/images/Annual%20Report%202015-16.pdf}}</ref> Initially planned as an upsized Tejas, with a 0.5 m fuselage plug to accommodate more fuel and a more powerful engine, the Tejas Mark 2 design has evolved over years into a completely new medium-weight class fighter.<ref name=":0" />
 
The preliminary design studies for the Tejas Mark 2 was completed in 2014 and was in the detailed design phase as of 2015.<ref name=":0" /> The redesigned fighter was first unveiled at the [[Aero India]] air show 2019, it was a 17.5-tonne-class fighter with close-coupled canards and integrated IRST system.<ref name="janes-aeroindia19">{{cite web |last=Tauro|first=Caron Natasha|date=20 February 2019|title=Aero India 2019: ADA unveils Tejas AF Mk 2 Medium Weight Fighter|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/aero-india-2019-ada-unveils-tejas-af-mk-2-medium-weight-fighter|access-date=2019-09-12|website=Janes}}</ref> Metal-cutting for the Tejas Mark 2 started in February 2021. The "roll out" of the first prototype was scheduled for August 2022, but has been postponed to end of 2022. Its first flight is expected to be in late 2023. In total, four prototypes are being planned initially.<ref name="BStandardDec20192">{{Cite news|date=2020-02-03|title=India's Medium Weight Fighter set to fly into detail design phase|newspaper=Manoramaonline|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2020/02/03/india-defence-expo-medium-weight-fighter.amp.html|access-date=2020-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203182321/https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2020/02/03/india-defence-expo-medium-weight-fighter.amp.html|archive-date=2020-02-03}}</ref>
 
The ADA completed its critical design review on 15 November 2021, with a total of 20 subsystems for the aircraft cleared by IAF for production. From 62% in Tejas Mark 1A, the plan is to touch the 70% mark in [[indigenization]] for Mark 2. More foreign components are replaced by locally developed ones that are sufficiently matured as ADA and DRDO will carry forward some of the critical technologies from the [[HAL Tejas#LCA programme|LCA programme]]. Private suppliers of [[line-replaceable unit]]s  also increased from 344 during Tejas Mark 1A development to 410. HAL had already outsourced 25% of the work share to the private sector.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kadidal|first=Akhil|date=2021-11-22|title=Boon for Indian industries waiting in wings of LCA Mark II|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/business/technology/boon-for-indian-industries-waiting-in-wings-of-lca-mark-ii-1053378.html|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>
 
On September 1, 2022, [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] (CCS) cleared [[Indian rupee|₹]]10,000 [[crore]] for Tejas Mark 2 that includes prototype development and flight testing.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rahul |date=2022-08-31 |title=Govt clears LCA-Mk2 fighter's development |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/govt-clears-lca-mk2-fighter-s-development-101661969910161.html |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The cost of fighter jet development will take ₹6,500 crore in addition to ₹2,500 crore sanctioned previously through internal funding.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandit |first=Rajat |date=1 September 2022 |title=Cabinet Committee on Security approves Tejas 2.0 mega project |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cabinet-committee-on-security-approves-tejas-2-0-mega-project/articleshow/93914219.cms |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> HAL planned high speed taxi trials from 2023 and limited series production from 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=PTI |date=2021-01-31 |title=Tejas Mark II to roll out next year; high-speed trials in 2023: HAL Chief Madhavan |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tejas-mark-ii-to-roll-out-next-year-high-speed-trials-in-2023-hal-chief-madhavan/article33708634.ece |access-date=2022-09-01 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The entire development process will be completed by 2027 with serial production from 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2022 |title=Centre gives nod to Tejas Mark-2 development project - Details |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/centre-gives-its-nod-to-tejas-mark-2-project-details-article-93921205 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref> Tejas Mark 2 will become operationally available from 2028. Apart from current commitment of 110-120 aircraft that will form six squadrons, expectations include an additional order of 210 aircraft.<ref name=":2" />
 
After an initial plan to involve private players failed due to no backers, HAL is planning to form its own [[consortium]] to fast track the manufacturing process.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linganna |first=Girish |date=2022-10-16 |title=LCA Mk2 maybe be delayed, HAL to form a consortium after the private sector backs off |url=https://frontierindia.com/lca-mk2-maybe-be-delayed-hal-to-form-a-consortium-after-the-private-sector-backs-off/ |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=Frontier India |language=en-GB}}</ref> Due to delay, the first prototype will roll out by December 2023 and first flight will happen by December 2024. Four prototypes will be made until 2027 for testing purpose.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Huma |date=2022-10-20 |title=Atmanirbhar Bharat: LCA `Tejas’ Mk2 variant expected to roll out next December |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/atmanirbhar-bharat-lca-tejas-mk2-variant-expected-to-roll-out-next-december/2722034/ |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> Delegation from 16 countries were seeking details of Tejas Mark 2 at Defexpo 2022. Government is speeding up efforts to identify Indian private sector company to increase the production rate and decrease the cost for exports.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Amrita Nayak |date=2022-10-22 |title=16 Countries Interested in LCA Tejas Mk2, Efforts on to Identify Private Agencies to Speed Up Production |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/16-countries-interested-in-lca-tejas-mk2-efforts-on-to-identify-private-agencies-to-speed-up-production-6222199.html |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>


== Design ==
== Design ==
Other than design commonalities very little major technologies has been forwarded from its predecessor Tejas Mark 1A. Instead more of its technologies are to be borrowed from whatever has been developed for the [[Fifth-generation jet fighter|5th Generation fighter jet]] program of India, [[HAL AMCA|AMCA]]. Several [[radar cross-section]] reducing measures will be incorporated in the airframe design so that a degree of [[Stealth aircraft|frontal stealth]] can be achieved, including [[Radiation-absorbent material|Radar-absorbent material]] coating and composites making up its skin, twisted air-intake ducts.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://idrw.org/mwf-tejas-mk-2-will-feature-semi-stealth-air-frame/|title=MWF Tejas Mk-2 will feature " Semi Stealth " Air frame}}</ref> It has a tail-less compound delta-wing configuration with a single [[vertical stabilizer]] with [[Canard (aeronautics)|close-coupled canards]] to provide static instability, high manoeuverability, and is equipped with fly-by-wire systems to control instability. MWF is also to feature an indigenous integrated life support system-onboard oxygen generation system (ILSS-OBOGS), from [[Defence Bioengineering and Electromedical Laboratory]] (DEBEL), aircraft [[Health and usage monitoring systems|health and usage monitoring system]] (HUMS) to integrate various sensors onboard Tejas Mark 2 from [[Defence Institute of Advanced Technology]] (DIAT) and a built-in integrated electro-optic [[electronic warfare]] suite among other improvements to avionics.<ref name="The Economic Times2">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/tejas-mk-ii-india-may-avail-consultancy-from-european-manufacturers-who-bid-for-mmrca-deal/articleshow/48347892.cms|title=Tejas Mk-II: India may avail consultancy from European manufacturers who bid for MMRCA deal|date=11 July 2018|work=The Economic Times|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/sep/20/lca-tejas-to-level-up-with-on-board-oxygen-system-by-early-2020-says-drdo-2036300.html|title=LCA Tejas to level up with on-board oxygen system by early 2020, says DRDO|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/diat-system-soon-to-monitor-inflight-health-of-tejas-mkii/831436/|title=DIAT system soon to monitor in-flight health of Tejas Mk-II - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref> It will have an [[infra-red search and track]] (IRST) system and a [[missile approach warning system]] (MAWS).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.janes.com/article/86671/aero-india-2019-ada-unveils-tejas-af-mk-2-medium-weight-fighter|title=Aero India 2019: ADA unveils Tejas AF Mk 2 Medium Weight Fighter|last1=Tauro|first1=Caron Natasha|date=20 February 2019|work=Jane's Defence Weekly|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220163751/https://www.janes.com/article/86671/aero-india-2019-ada-unveils-tejas-af-mk-2-medium-weight-fighter|archive-date=20 February 2019|location=Bangalore}}</ref> An increase in payload capacity to {{cvt|6500|kg|lb}} and internal fuel capacity to over {{cvt|3400|kg|lb}}, will allow it to carry more weapons for longer range.<ref name="ajaishukla.blogspot.com">{{cite news|url=http://ajaishukla.blogspot.com/2019/03/the-tejas-mark-2-fighter-has-been.html|title=The Tejas Mark 2 fighter has been bulked up into medium fighter category}}</ref>
[[File:HAL LCA MK2.png|thumb|290x290px|A rendered photo of HAL Tejas Mk2]]
Apart from design commonalities and a few critical systems from its predecessor Tejas Mark 1A, most of the technologies are to be borrowed from whatever has been developed so far for [[Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft]] programmme. Several [[radar cross-section]]-reducing measures will be incorporated in the airframe design so that a degree of [[Stealth aircraft|frontal stealth]] can be achieved, including [[Radiation-absorbent material|radar-absorbent material]] coating and composites making up its skin and twisted air-intake ducts. It has a tail-less compound delta-wing configuration with a single [[vertical stabilizer]] and [[Canard (aeronautics)|close-coupled canards]] to provide static instability and high manoeuvrability, and is equipped with fly-by-wire systems to control instability.
 
This MWF is also to feature an indigenous integrated life-support system-onboard oxygen generation system (ILSS-OBOGS), from [[Defence Bioengineering and Electromedical Laboratory]], aircraft [[Health and usage monitoring systems|health and usage monitoring system]] to integrate various sensors onboard Tejas Mark 2 from [[Defence Institute of Advanced Technology]] and a built-in integrated electro-optic [[electronic warfare]] suite, among other improvements to avionics.<ref name="The Economic Times2">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/tejas-mk-ii-india-may-avail-consultancy-from-european-manufacturers-who-bid-for-mmrca-deal/articleshow/48347892.cms|title=Tejas Mk-II: India may avail consultancy from European manufacturers who bid for MMRCA deal|date=11 July 2018|work=The Economic Times|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/sep/20/lca-tejas-to-level-up-with-on-board-oxygen-system-by-early-2020-says-drdo-2036300.html|title=LCA Tejas to level up with on-board oxygen system by early 2020, says DRDO|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/diat-system-soon-to-monitor-inflight-health-of-tejas-mkii/831436/|title=DIAT system soon to monitor in-flight health of Tejas Mk-II - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref> Utilizing extra fuselage space, ADA designed larger air-intake for GE's F414 INS6 engine.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shukla |first=Ajai |date=2022-08-30 |title=Cabinet likely to take up Tejas Mark 2 case soon to grant permission |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/cabinet-likely-to-take-up-tejas-mark-2-case-soon-to-grant-permission-122082901307_1.html |access-date=2022-09-01}}</ref>
 
It will have an [[infra-red search and track]] (IRST) system and a [[missile approach warning system]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.janes.com/article/86671/aero-india-2019-ada-unveils-tejas-af-mk-2-medium-weight-fighter|title=Aero India 2019: ADA unveils Tejas AF Mk 2 Medium Weight Fighter|last1=Tauro|first1=Caron Natasha|date=20 February 2019|work=Jane's Defence Weekly|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220163751/https://www.janes.com/article/86671/aero-india-2019-ada-unveils-tejas-af-mk-2-medium-weight-fighter|archive-date=20 February 2019|location=Bangalore}}</ref> An increase in payload capacity to {{cvt|6500|kg|lb|abbr=on}} and internal fuel capacity to over {{cvt|3400|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, will allow it to carry more weapons with a longer range.<ref name="ajaishukla.blogspot.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ajaishukla.com/2019/03/the-tejas-mark-2-fighter-has-been.html|title=The Tejas Mark 2 fighter has been bulked up into medium fighter category|website=www.ajaishukla.com}}</ref>


=== Sensors and avionics ===
=== Sensors and avionics ===
The avionics of Tejas Mark 2 will be centered on [[multi-sensor data fusion]] incorporating both active and passive sensors onboard. The Tejas Mark 2 would be equipped with a variant of [[Uttam AESA Radar]] developed by [[Electronics and Radar Development Establishment]] (LRDE), while the combat aircraft will also have an integrated [[infrared search and track]] (IRST) system for passive target acquisition. The Tejas Mark 2 will have indigenous [[Software-defined radio]] based tactical data link for secured communication and [[network-centric warfare]] capabilities supported by IAF's [[Air Force Network|AFNet]] digital information grid.<ref name="OnManoramaFeb2020">{{Cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/nation/2020/02/03/india-defence-expo-medium-weight-fighter.html|title=India's Medium Weight Fighter set to fly into detail design phase|last=Krishnan M|first=Anantha|date=3 February 2020|website=[[OnManorama]]|language=en|access-date=2020-02-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=‘Make in India’ Software Defined Radio: ‘Mother’ of all solutions for tactical communications of armed forces|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/make-in-india-software-defined-radio-mother-of-all-solutions-for-tactical-communications-of-armed-forces/1680536/}}</ref>
The avionics of Tejas Mark 2 will be centered on [[multisensor data fusion]] incorporating both active and passive sensors on board. The Tejas Mark 2 would be equipped with a variant of [[Uttam AESA Radar]] developed by [[Electronics and Radar Development Establishment]], while the combat aircraft will also have an integrated IRST system for passive target acquisition. The Tejas Mark 2 will have indigenous [[software-defined radio]]-based tactical data link for secured communication and [[network-centric warfare]] capabilities supported by the IAF's [[Air Force Network|AFNet]] digital information grid.<ref name="OnManoramaFeb2020">{{cite web |last=Krishnan M|first=Anantha|date=3 February 2020|title=India's Medium Weight Fighter set to fly into detail design phase|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/india/2020/02/03/india-defence-expo-medium-weight-fighter.html|access-date=2020-02-03|website=OnManorama|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/make-in-india-software-defined-radio-mother-of-all-solutions-for-tactical-communications-of-armed-forces/1680536/|title='Make in India' Software Defined Radio: 'Mother' of all solutions for tactical communications of armed forces}}</ref>


=== Cockpit ===
=== Cockpit ===
The Tejas Mark 2 will have a [[night vision goggles]]-compatible glass cockpit dominated by a touch-sensitive wide area display placed in panoramic orientation and a wide-angle holographic [[head-up display]] system.<ref>{{cite report|title=ADA Annual report 2015-16|url=https://www.ada.gov.in/images/Annual%20Report%202015-16.pdf}}</ref> The Tejas Mark 2 will have [[HOTAS|hands-on throttle-and-stick]] arrangement with right-hand-on-stick and left-hand-on-throttle settings to ease the pilot workload.
=== Propulsion ===
In 2008, HAL issued a fresh request for proposal for the procurement of 95- to 100-kilonewton (kN) (21,000–23,000&nbsp;lbf) thrust-class engine to power the Tejas Mark 2.<ref>Sharma, Ravi. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080930201659/http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/27/stories/2008092755480700.htm "Kaveri engine programme delinked from the Tejas."] ''The Hindu'', (Chennai, India), 27 September 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2012.</ref> In 2010, after extensive evaluation of both the [[Eurojet EJ200]] and the [[General Electric F414]], GE's F414 INS6 afterburning turbofan engine was declared as the lowest bidder. The deal covered the purchase of 99 GE F414 engines, with the initial batch supplied directly by GE, while the remainder is to be manufactured in India by HAL under a transfer-of-technology agreement.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ge.com/news/press-releases/ge-f414-engines-selected-power-india-light-combat-aircraft-program|title=GE F414 Engines Selected to Power India Light Combat Aircraft Program &#124; GE News|website=www.ge.com}}</ref><ref>Shukla, Ajai. [http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NEWS/newsrf.php?newsid=13500 "American engine to power LCA."] Bharat-Rakshak.com, 1 October 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2012. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011160900/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NEWS/newsrf.php?newsid=13500|date=11 October 2022}}</ref><ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/india-picks-ge39s-f414-for-tejas-mkii-fighter-348059/ "India picks GE's F414 for Tejas MkII fighter."] ''Flight International'', 1 October 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2012. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809151440/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/india-picks-ge39s-f414-for-tejas-mkii-fighter-348059/|date=9 August 2022}}</ref>
The GE F414 INS6 engine has a maximum thrust output of 98&nbsp;kN and also offers improved specific fuel consumption over the F404 IN20 engine selected to power both Mark 1 and Mark 1A variants of Tejas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geaviation.com/sites/default/files/datasheet-F414-Family.pdf|title=F414 turbofan engines specification}}</ref> The aircraft is designed keeping in mind that GE's F414 will be replaced once an Indian powerplant is available.<ref name="BW BusinessWorld">{{cite news|last1=Jha|first1=Manish Kumar|title=DRDO's Light Tank Will Be Power Pack As "The Highest Altitude Operable Tank In The Globe": G. Satheesh Reddy, Chairman DRDO|url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/DRDO-s-Light-Tank-Will-Be-Power-Pack-As-The-Highest-Altitude-Operable-Tank-In-The-Globe-G-Satheesh-Reddy-Chairman-DRDO/09-03-2021-383371/|access-date=11 March 2021|publisher=BW BusinessWorld|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="The Indian EXPRESS">{{cite news|title=Tejas done, focus on three other fighter jets: two for IAF, one Navy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/aero-india-2021-tejas-done-focus-on-three-other-fighter-jets-two-for-iaf-one-navy-7175125/|publisher=The Indian EXPRESS|access-date=5 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=dap>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defenceaviationpost.com/2020/02/indias-medium-weight-fighter-set-to-fly-into-detail-design-phase/|title=India's Medium Weight Fighter Set To Fly Into Detail Design Phase}}</ref> Therefore, the future engine replacement should make minimal changes in the configuration.


The Tejas Mark 2 will have a [[night vision goggles]] compatible glass cockpit dominated by a touch sensitive wide area display placed in panoramic orientation and a wide-angle holographic [[head-up display]] (HUD) system.<ref>{{cite report|title=ADA Annual report 2015-16|url=https://www.ada.gov.in/images/Annual%20Report%202015-16.pdf}}</ref> The Tejas Mark 2 will have [[HOTAS|hands-on throttle-and-stick]] (HOTAS) arrangement with right hand on stick and left hand on throttle settings to ease the pilot workload.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://idrw.org/mwf-mk2-will-feature-the-next-generation-wide-area-display-wad/|title=MWF-MK2 will feature Next Generation Wide Area Display (WAD)}}</ref>
==Operators==
;{{IND}}
[[Indian Air Force]] – 10 squadrons


=== Propulsion ===
* Phase 1 – 6 squadrons<ref>{{cite news |title=IAF committed to induct 6 LCA Mark2 fighter squadrons: Air Chief VR Chaudhari |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/iaf-committed-to-induct-6-lca-mark2-fighter-squadrons-air-chief-vr-chaudhari20220718100828/ |access-date=20 July 2022 |agency=ANI |date=18 July 2022}}</ref>
In 2008, HAL issued a fresh request for proposal for the procurement of 95-100 kilonewton (kN) (21,000–23,000 lbf) thrust class engine to power the Tejas Mark 2.<ref>Sharma, Ravi. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080930201659/http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/27/stories/2008092755480700.htm "Kaveri engine programme delinked from the Tejas."] ''The Hindu'', (Chennai, India), 27 September 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2012. </ref> In 2010, after extensive evaluation of both the [[Eurojet EJ200]] and the [[General Electric F414]], GE's F414 INS6 afterburning turbofan engine was declared as the lowest bidder. The deal covered the purchase of 99 GE F414 engines, with initial batch supplied directly by GE while the remainder to be manufactured in India by HAL under a technology transfer agreement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ge.com/news/press-releases/ge-f414-engines-selected-power-india-light-combat-aircraft-program|title=GE F414 Engines Selected to Power India Light Combat Aircraft Program &#124; GE News|website=www.ge.com}}</ref><ref>Shukla, Ajai. [http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NEWS/newsrf.php?newsid=13500 "American engine to power LCA."] Bharat-Rakshak.com, 1 October 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2012. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011160900/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NEWS/newsrf.php?newsid=13500|date=11 October 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/india-picks-ge39s-f414-for-tejas-mkii-fighter-348059/ "India picks GE's F414 for Tejas MkII fighter."] ''Flight International'', 1 October 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2012. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809151440/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/india-picks-ge39s-f414-for-tejas-mkii-fighter-348059/|date=9 August 2011}}</ref> The GE F414 INS6 engine has a maximum thrust output of 98 kN and also offer improved specific fuel consumption over F404 IN20 engine selected to power both Mark 1 and Mark 1A variants of Tejas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geaviation.com/sites/default/files/datasheet-F414-Family.pdf|title=F414 turbofan engines specification}}</ref> The aircraft is designed keeping in mind that GE's F414 will be replaced once Indian powerplant is available.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jha|first1=Manish Kumar|title=DRDO’s Light Tank Will Be Power Pack As “The Highest Altitude Operable Tank In The Globe”: G. Satheesh Reddy, Chairman DRDO|url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/DRDO-s-Light-Tank-Will-Be-Power-Pack-As-The-Highest-Altitude-Operable-Tank-In-The-Globe-G-Satheesh-Reddy-Chairman-DRDO/09-03-2021-383371/|access-date=11 March 2021|publisher=BW BusinessWorld|date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tejas done, focus on three other fighter jets: two for IAF, one Navy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/aero-india-2021-tejas-done-focus-on-three-other-fighter-jets-two-for-iaf-one-navy-7175125/|publisher=The Indian EXPRESS|access-date=5 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=dap>{{cite news|url=https://www.defenceaviationpost.com/2020/02/indias-medium-weight-fighter-set-to-fly-into-detail-design-phase/|title=India's Medium Weight Fighter Set To Fly Into Detail Design Phase}}</ref> Therefore, the future engine replacement should make minimum changes in the configuration. There are plans to replace the GE F414 INS6 engine onboard Tejas Mk2 with DRDO and [[Rolls-Royce Holdings|Rolls Royce]] jointly developed 110 kN thrust class engine for [[HAL AMCA]].<ref>{{cite news|title=DRDO-Rolls Royce engine deal in next two years, talks on feasibility studies|url=https://idrw.org/drdo-rolls-royce-engine-deal-in-next-two-years-talks-now-on-feasibility-studies/|publisher=INDIAN DEFENCE RESEARCH WING|date=3 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rolls Royce - DRDO|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/drdo-news-documents/NPC12-13_July_2020.pdf|publisher=Defence Research and Development Organisation|format=PDF|pages=48}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Detailed Report: DRDO Rolls Royce JV for 110 kn her engine soon: Rolls Royce India|url=https://idrw.org/detail-report-drdo-rolls-royce-jv-for-110-kn-jet-engine-soon-rolls-royce-india/|publisher=INDIAN DEFENCE RESEARCH WING|date=12 July 2020}}</ref>
* Phase 2 – 4 squadrons<ref name="news18.com">{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Amrita Nayak |date=2022-10-22 |title=16 Countries Interested in LCA Tejas Mk2, Efforts on to Identify Private Agencies to Speed Up Production |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/16-countries-interested-in-lca-tejas-mk2-efforts-on-to-identify-private-agencies-to-speed-up-production-6222199.html |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>


==Specifications==
==Specifications (Projected)==
{{Aircraft specs
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=[[Jane's Defence Weekly]],<ref name="janes-aeroindia19" /> [[OnManorama]],<ref name="OnManoramaFeb2020" /> Defexpo 2020 and [[Aero India|Aero India 2021]]
|ref=[[Jane's Defence Weekly]],<ref name="janes-aeroindia19" /> [[OnManorama]],<ref name="OnManoramaFeb2020" /> Defexpo 2020 and [[Aero India#13th edition (2021)|Aero India 2021]]
|prime units?=met
|prime units?=met
|crew=One or two
|crew=One or two
Line 51: Line 75:
|empty weight kg=7850|empty weight note=(expected)
|empty weight kg=7850|empty weight note=(expected)
|gross weight kg=11300|gross weight note=(expected)
|gross weight kg=11300|gross weight note=(expected)
|max takeoff weight kg=17500|max takeoff weight note=(expected)<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sagar|first1=Pradip R|title=20 years since LCA Tejas's first flight: What's next for India's indigenous fighter programme?|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/01/05/20-years-since-lca-tejass-first-flight-whats-next-for-indias-indigenous-fighter-programme.html|access-date=11 January 2021|publisher=The Week|date=5 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tejas Mk2Light Combat Aircraft|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/lca-mk2.htm|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org|access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref>
|max takeoff weight kg=17500
|fuel capacity=more than {{cvt|3400|kg}}<ref name="BStandardDec20192"/>
|max takeoff weight note=(expected)<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sagar|first1=Pradip R|title=20 years since LCA Tejas's first flight: What's next for India's indigenous fighter programme?|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/01/05/20-years-since-lca-tejass-first-flight-whats-next-for-indias-indigenous-fighter-programme.html|access-date=11 January 2021|publisher=The Week|date=5 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tejas Mk2Light Combat Aircraft|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/lca-mk2.htm|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org|access-date=13 January 2022}}</ref>
|eng1 number=1|eng1 name=[[General Electric F414]]-GE-INS6EPE afterburning turbofan. (Indigenous 110KN Engine to be used in future)<ref>{{cite news|title=DRDO-Rolls Royce engine deal in next two years, talks on feasibility studies|url=https://idrw.org/drdo-rolls-royce-engine-deal-in-next-two-years-talks-now-on-feasibility-studies/|publisher=INDIAN DEFENCE RESEARCH WING|date =3 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tejas done, focus on three other fighter jets: two for IAF, one Navy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/aero-india-2021-tejas-done-focus-on-three-other-fighter-jets-two-for-iaf-one-navy-7175125/|publisher=The Indian EXPRESS|access-date=5 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Jha|first1=Manish Kumar|title=DRDO’s Light Tank Will Be Power Pack As “The Highest Altitude Operable Tank In The Globe”: G. Satheesh Reddy, Chairman DRDO|url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/DRDO-s-Light-Tank-Will-Be-Power-Pack-As-The-Highest-Altitude-Operable-Tank-In-The-Globe-G-Satheesh-Reddy-Chairman-DRDO/09-03-2021-383371/|access-date=11 March 2021|publisher=BW BusinessWorld|date=11 March 2021}}</ref>
|fuel capacity={{cvt|3400|kg}} internal; {{cvt|3500|kg}} with drop tank<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shukla |first1=Ajai |title=Here's how Tejas Mark 2 is evolving into a bigger, powerful fighter |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/here-s-how-tejas-mark-2-is-evolving-into-a-bigger-powerful-fighter-121122901540_1.html |access-date=31 December 2021 |publisher=Business Standard India |date=30 December 2021}}</ref>
|eng1 type=
|more general=* '''Payload''': {{cvt|6500|kg}} external stores<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peri |first1=Dinakar |title=LCA-Mk2 to roll out next year, first flight in 2023, says scientist |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lca-mk2-to-roll-out-next-year-first-flight-in-2023-says-scientist/article36419325.ece |access-date=14 September 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=12 September 2021}}</ref>
|eng1 kn=58.5
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[General Electric F414#Variants|General Electric F414-INS6]]
|eng1 type=[[afterburning turbofan]] with [[FADEC]]
|eng1 kn=
|eng1 note=
|thrust original=98
|eng1 lbf-ab=22000
|eng1 lbf-ab=22000
|more power=<ref>{{cite web |title=F414turbofan engines |url=https://www.geaviation.com/sites/default/files/datasheet-F414-Family.pdf |website=GE Aviation |publisher=General Electric |access-date=19 January 2022}}</ref> (Indigenous 110KN Engine to be used in future)<ref name="The Indian EXPRESS"/><ref name="BW BusinessWorld"/>
<!--Performance-->
<!--Performance-->
|max speed kmh=
|max speed kmh=2385
|max speed mach=2.0
|max speed mach=1.8<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Rahul |title=LCA Mk-2 set to have heavier payload capacity, better range |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lca-mk-2-set-to-have-heavier-payload-capacity-better-range-101663525099790.html |access-date=19 September 2022 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=18 September 2022}}</ref>
|cruise speed kmh=1720
|cruise speed kmh=
|range km=2500
|range km=2500
|range note=
|range note=
Line 70: Line 100:
|g limits=+9/−3.5  
|g limits=+9/−3.5  
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|thrust/weight=1.00 with [[General Electric F414]]-GE-INS6EPE.  
|thrust/weight=0.89 (with 7000 lb of fuel, 2 SRAAMs and [[General Electric F414#Variants|F414-GE-INS6]]), 1.00 (planned) with Indigenous Engine of 110 KN thrust{{citation needed|date= January 2022}}
 
<!--Armament-->
<!--Armament-->
|guns=1 x {{cvt|30|mm}} GSh-30-1<ref>{{cite web|title=LCA-AF Mk2 might ditch internal Gun for a Podded Gun|url=http://idrw.org/lca-af-mk2-might-ditch-internal-gun-for-a-podded-gun/|publisher=INDIAN DEFENCE RESEARCH WING|access-date=8 February 2021}}</ref>
|guns=1 x {{cvt|30|mm}} GSh-30-1
|hardpoint capacity=
|hardpoint capacity=
|hardpoints=13 hardpoints with a capacity of around 6.5 tons (expected), with provisions to carry combinations of :
|hardpoints=13 hardpoints with a capacity of around 6.5 tons (expected),<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Rahul |title=LCA Mk-2 set to have heavier payload capacity, better range |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lca-mk-2-set-to-have-heavier-payload-capacity-better-range-101663525099790.html |access-date=19 September 2022 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=18 September 2022}}</ref> with provisions to carry combinations of :
**'''Air-to-air''' missiles :
**'''[[Air-to-air missile]]''' :
***[[MICA (missile)|MICA]] (planned)
***[[MICA (missile)|MICA]] (planned)
***[[ASRAAM]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Tracking The Tejas: How The Tejas Mk2 Design Became The Medium Weight Fighter|url=https://delhidefencereview.com/2019/02/23/tracking-the-tejas-the-tejas-mk2-grows-a-pair-becomes-the-medium-weight-fighter/|publisher=Delhi Defence Review|access-date=23 February 2019}}</ref>
***[[ASRAAM]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Tracking The Tejas: How The Tejas Mk2 Design Became The Medium Weight Fighter|date=23 February 2019 |url=https://delhidefencereview.com/2019/02/23/tracking-the-tejas-the-tejas-mk2-grows-a-pair-becomes-the-medium-weight-fighter/|publisher=Delhi Defence Review|access-date=23 February 2022}}</ref>
***[[Meteor (missile)|Meteor]] (planned)<ref>https://defenceupdate.in/mwf-tejas-tejas-mk2-mwf-will-important/</ref>
***[[Meteor (missile)|Meteor]] (planned)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://defenceupdate.in/mwf-tejas-tejas-mk2-mwf-will-important/ |title=MWF Tejas :-Why Tejas Mk2 (MWF) Will be Important — Indian Defence News |access-date=3 July 2020 |archive-date=13 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113145914/https://defenceupdate.in/mwf-tejas-tejas-mk2-mwf-will-important/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
***[[Astra (missile)|Astra]] (planned)<ref>{{cite web|title=HAL Plans to Certify Astra Mk1 and ASRAAM Air to Air Missile|url=https://www.eletimes.com/hal-plans-to-certify-astra-mk1-and-asraam-air-to-air-missile|publisher=Eletimes|access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref>
***[[Astra (missile)|Astra]] (planned)<ref>{{cite web|title=HAL Plans to Certify Astra Mk1 and ASRAAM Air to Air Missile|url=https://www.eletimes.com/hal-plans-to-certify-astra-mk1-and-asraam-air-to-air-missile|publisher=Eletimes|access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref>
**'''Air-to-surface''' missiles :
*** NG-CCM (planned)<ref>{{cite news |last1=M |first1=Tushar |title=Bharat Dynamics, MBDA missiles deal to help indigenous programs in India |url=https://globaldata.com/bharat-dynamics-mbda-missiles-deal-help-indigenous-programs-india-says-globaldata/ |access-date=25 August 2021 |publisher=Global Data |date=19 August 2021}}</ref>
*** [[BrahMos#BrahMos-NG|BrahMos-NG]] [[Air-launched cruise missile|ALCM]]<ref>{{cite news|title=BrahMos to make a generational leap, become lighter, faster and more lethal supersonic cruise missile|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/brahmos-to-make-a-generational-leap-become-lighter-faster-and-more-lethal-supersonic-cruise-missile-2182681.html|publisher=ZEENEWS|access-date=22 February 2019}}</ref>
**'''[[Air-to-surface missile]]''' :
*** [[Nirbhay]] (planned)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Krishnan M |first1=Anantha |title=Inspiring ADA; LCAAFMk2 will roll out by August 2022: Dr Madhusudana Rao |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G30L78MSdQk |website=YouTube |publisher=Tarmak |access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref>
*** [[BrahMos#BrahMos-NG|BrahMos-NG]] [[Air-launched cruise missile|ALCM]]<ref>{{cite news|title=BrahMos to make a generational leap, become lighter, faster and more lethal supersonic cruise missile|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/brahmos-to-make-a-generational-leap-become-lighter-faster-and-more-lethal-supersonic-cruise-missile-2182681.html|publisher=ZEENEWS|access-date=22 February 2022}}</ref>
*** [[Storm Shadow]] (planned)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Krishnan M |first1=Anantha |title=Inspiring ADA; LCAAFMk2 will roll out by August 2022: Dr Madhusudana Rao |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G30L78MSdQk |website=YouTube |publisher=Tarmak |access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref>
*** [[LRLACM]] (planned)<ref name="auto">{{cite web |last1=Krishnan M |first1=Anantha |title=Inspiring ADA; LCAAFMk2 will roll out by August 2022: Dr Madhusudana Rao |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G30L78MSdQk |website=YouTube |publisher=Tarmak |access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref>
*** [[Popeye (missile)|Crystal Maze]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Tejas Mark II to have ability to conduct Balakot-like operations|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tejas-mark-ii-to-have-ability-to-conduct-balakot-like-ops/story-kMUDWj7o7GkrK2WTsAsGEM.html|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>
*** [[Storm Shadow]] (planned)<ref name="auto"/>
**'''Anti-Radiation''' missiles :
*** [[Popeye (missile)|Crystal Maze]]<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite web|title=Tejas Mark II to have ability to conduct Balakot-like operations|date=19 March 2020 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tejas-mark-ii-to-have-ability-to-conduct-balakot-like-ops/story-kMUDWj7o7GkrK2WTsAsGEM.html|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=19 March 2022}}</ref>
**'''[[Anti-radiation missile]]''' :
*** [[DRDO Anti-Radiation Missile|Rudram 1/2/3]] (planned)
*** [[DRDO Anti-Radiation Missile|Rudram 1/2/3]] (planned)
**'''Bombs''':
**'''Bombs''':
*** [[Precision-guided munition]]
*** '''[[Precision-guided munition]]''' :
**** [[Spice (bomb)|Spice]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Tejas Mark II to have ability to conduct Balakot-like operations|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tejas-mark-ii-to-have-ability-to-conduct-balakot-like-ops/story-kMUDWj7o7GkrK2WTsAsGEM.html|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref>
**** [[Spice (bomb)|Spice]]<ref name="Hindustan Times"/>
**** [[High Speed Low Drag Bomb|HSLD-100/250/450/500]]
**** [[High Speed Low Drag Bomb|HSLD-100/250/450/500]]
**** [[DRDO Glide Bombs]]
**** [[DRDO Glide Bombs]]
**** [[DRDO SAAW]]
**** [[DRDO SAAW]]
*** [[Laser-guided bomb]]
*** '''[[Laser-guided bomb]]''' :
**** [[Sudarshan laser-guided bomb|Sudarshan]]
**** [[Sudarshan laser-guided bomb|Sudarshan]]
*** [[Cluster munition]]
*** '''[[Cluster munition]]'''
*** [[Loitering munition]]
*** '''[[Loitering munition]]''' :
**** DRDO SWARM
**** [[HAL_Combat_Air_Teaming_System#CATS_ALFA|CATS ALFA]]
*** [[Unguided bomb]]
*** '''[[Unguided bomb]]'''
|avionics=
|avionics=
* [[LRDE]] [[Uttam AESA Radar]]<ref>{{cite web|title=New Improved Uttam AESA Mk2|url=https://alphadefense.in/new-improved-uttam-aesa-lca-mk2/|publisher=Alpha Defence|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What we Know of Growing Uttam AESA Radar family|url=https://idrw.org/what-we-know-of-growing-uttam-aesa-radar-family/|publisher=INDIAN DEFENCE RESEARCH WING|access-date=15 May 2021}}</ref>  
* [[LRDE]] [[Uttam AESA Radar]]<ref>{{cite web|title=New Improved Uttam AESA Mk2|date=13 May 2021 |url=https://alphadefense.in/new-improved-uttam-aesa-lca-mk2/|publisher=Alpha Defence|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref>  
* [[Defence Avionics Research Establishment|DARE]] Unified Electronic Warfare Suite (UEWS)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chopra (Retd)|first1=AM Anil|title=Electronic Warfare -Trends – Time For India to Become Atamnirbhar|url=https://airpowerasia.com/2020/08/25/electronic-warfare-trends-time-for-india-to-become-atamnirbhar/|website=Air Power Asia|access-date=16 May 2021}}</ref>
* [[Defence Avionics Research Establishment|DARE]] Unified Electronic Warfare Suite (UEWS)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chopra (Retd)|first1=AM Anil|title=Electronic Warfare -Trends – Time For India to Become Atamnirbhar|url=https://airpowerasia.com/2020/08/25/electronic-warfare-trends-time-for-india-to-become-atamnirbhar/|website=Air Power Asia|date=25 August 2020 |access-date=16 May 2021}}</ref>
* [[Defence Avionics Research Establishment|DARE]] Dual Colour [[Missile approach warning system|Missile Approach Warning System]] (DCMAWS)<ref>{{cite web|title=Dual Colour Missile Approach Warning System for Fighter Aircraft|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/dual-colour-missile-approach-warning-system-dcmaws-fighter-aircraft|website=DRDO|access-date=16 May 2021}}</ref>
* [[Defence Avionics Research Establishment|DARE]] Dual Colour [[Missile approach warning system|Missile Approach Warning System]] (DCMAWS)<ref>{{cite web|title=Dual Colour Missile Approach Warning System for Fighter Aircraft|url=https://www.drdo.gov.in/dual-colour-missile-approach-warning-system-dcmaws-fighter-aircraft|website=DRDO|access-date=16 May 2021}}</ref>
* DARE [[Targeting pod]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Tejas fighter to get indigenous Laser Designator Pod to target the enemy |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/tejas-fighter-to-get-indigenous-laser-designator-pod-to-target-the-enemy-2172996.html |access-date=17 October 2021 |publisher=Zee News |date=22 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=EXCLUSIVE: How A Secretive DRDO Lab Is Saving The IAF Su-30MKI |url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/how-a-secretive-drdo-lab-is-saving-the-iaf-su-30mki/ |access-date=17 October 2021 |publisher=Livefist |date=16 February 2022}}</ref>
}}
}}


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* [[HAL TEDBF]]
* [[HAL TEDBF]]
<!-- Comparable/similar aircraft section removed because of edit wars - see talk page. DISCUSS on talk page and get a consensus to restore list. -->
<!-- Comparable/similar aircraft section removed because of edit wars - see talk page. DISCUSS on talk page and get a consensus to restore list. -->
|similar aircraft= <!-- aircraft that are of similar Role, Era, and Capability this design: -->
* [[AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-kuo]]
* [[Chengdu J-10]] C
* [[Saab JAS 39 Gripen]] E/F
* [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] V Block 70/72
|lists=<!-- relevant lists that this aircraft appears in: -->
|lists=<!-- relevant lists that this aircraft appears in: -->
* [[List of fighter aircraft]]
* [[List of fighter aircraft]]
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{{commons category|HAL Tejas Mk2 (Navy)}}
{{commons category|HAL Tejas Mk2 (Navy)}}


* [https://tejas.gov.in/ADA-Tejas%20Brochure-2015.pdf TEJAS The Indian Light Combat Aircraft, official brochure 2015]
* [https://tejas.gov.in/ADA-Tejas%20Brochure-2015.pdf TEJAS The Indian Light Combat Aircraft, official brochure 2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711071247/https://www.tejas.gov.in/ADA-Tejas%20Brochure-2015.pdf |date=11 July 2020 }}


{{HAL aircraft}}
{{HAL aircraft}}


[[Category:Indian military aircraft procurement programs]]
[[Category:Proposed aircraft of India]]
[[Category:Proposed aircraft of India]]
[[Category:Tailless delta-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Tailless delta-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined jet aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined jet aircraft]]

Revision as of 23:42, 17 November 2022


Tejas Mark 2/Medium Weight Fighter
File:Tejas mk2.jpg
An artistic rendition of Tejas Mark II
Role Multirole fighter
National origin India
Manufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Design group Aeronautical Development Agency
Aircraft Research and Design Centre (HAL)[1]
Defence Research and Development Organisation
Introduction 2026-27[2]
Status Prototype development
Primary user Indian Air Force (intended)
Developed from HAL Tejas

The HAL Tejas Mark 2, or Medium Weight Fighter (MWF),[3] is an Indian single-engine, canard delta wing, multirole combat aircraft designed by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) in collaboration with Aircraft Research and Design Centre (ARDC)[4] of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for the Indian Air Force (IAF). It is a further development of the HAL Tejas, with an elongated airframe, close coupled canards, new sensors, and a more powerful engine.

The fighter is being designed and developed to replace multiple strike fighters of IAF viz, the SEPECAT Jaguar, Dassault Mirage 2000, and Mikoyan MiG-29.[5][6][7] The indigenous content of the fighter will be 82% initially and will cross 90% after the licensed production of its engine.[8]

Development

MWF Programme

Dr. V. Madhusudana Rao is the Project Director of Tejas Mark 2.[9] The development of Tejas Mark 2 or MWF was initiated to address all the shortcomings in Tejas Mark 1 and Mark 1A, and to meet the original air staff requirements set out for the LCA programme by the IAF. The development of Tejas Mark 2 was authorised in November 2009 as a continuation of LCA programme, under the phase 3 of full-scale engineering development (FSED) process.[N 1][10] The FSED phase 3 consisted of design, development and manufacturing of two prototypes.[11] Initially planned as an upsized Tejas, with a 0.5 m fuselage plug to accommodate more fuel and a more powerful engine, the Tejas Mark 2 design has evolved over years into a completely new medium-weight class fighter.[11]

The preliminary design studies for the Tejas Mark 2 was completed in 2014 and was in the detailed design phase as of 2015.[11] The redesigned fighter was first unveiled at the Aero India air show 2019, it was a 17.5-tonne-class fighter with close-coupled canards and integrated IRST system.[12] Metal-cutting for the Tejas Mark 2 started in February 2021. The "roll out" of the first prototype was scheduled for August 2022, but has been postponed to end of 2022. Its first flight is expected to be in late 2023. In total, four prototypes are being planned initially.[13]

The ADA completed its critical design review on 15 November 2021, with a total of 20 subsystems for the aircraft cleared by IAF for production. From 62% in Tejas Mark 1A, the plan is to touch the 70% mark in indigenization for Mark 2. More foreign components are replaced by locally developed ones that are sufficiently matured as ADA and DRDO will carry forward some of the critical technologies from the LCA programme. Private suppliers of line-replaceable units also increased from 344 during Tejas Mark 1A development to 410. HAL had already outsourced 25% of the work share to the private sector.[14]

On September 1, 2022, Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) cleared ₹10,000 crore for Tejas Mark 2 that includes prototype development and flight testing.[15] The cost of fighter jet development will take ₹6,500 crore in addition to ₹2,500 crore sanctioned previously through internal funding.[16] HAL planned high speed taxi trials from 2023 and limited series production from 2025.[17] The entire development process will be completed by 2027 with serial production from 2030.[18] Tejas Mark 2 will become operationally available from 2028. Apart from current commitment of 110-120 aircraft that will form six squadrons, expectations include an additional order of 210 aircraft.[15]

After an initial plan to involve private players failed due to no backers, HAL is planning to form its own consortium to fast track the manufacturing process.[19] Due to delay, the first prototype will roll out by December 2023 and first flight will happen by December 2024. Four prototypes will be made until 2027 for testing purpose.[20] Delegation from 16 countries were seeking details of Tejas Mark 2 at Defexpo 2022. Government is speeding up efforts to identify Indian private sector company to increase the production rate and decrease the cost for exports.[21]

Design

A rendered photo of HAL Tejas Mk2

Apart from design commonalities and a few critical systems from its predecessor Tejas Mark 1A, most of the technologies are to be borrowed from whatever has been developed so far for Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft programmme. Several radar cross-section-reducing measures will be incorporated in the airframe design so that a degree of frontal stealth can be achieved, including radar-absorbent material coating and composites making up its skin and twisted air-intake ducts. It has a tail-less compound delta-wing configuration with a single vertical stabilizer and close-coupled canards to provide static instability and high manoeuvrability, and is equipped with fly-by-wire systems to control instability.

This MWF is also to feature an indigenous integrated life-support system-onboard oxygen generation system (ILSS-OBOGS), from Defence Bioengineering and Electromedical Laboratory, aircraft health and usage monitoring system to integrate various sensors onboard Tejas Mark 2 from Defence Institute of Advanced Technology and a built-in integrated electro-optic electronic warfare suite, among other improvements to avionics.[22][23][24] Utilizing extra fuselage space, ADA designed larger air-intake for GE's F414 INS6 engine.[25]

It will have an infra-red search and track (IRST) system and a missile approach warning system.[26] An increase in payload capacity to 6,500 kg (14,300 lb) and internal fuel capacity to over 3,400 kg (7,500 lb), will allow it to carry more weapons with a longer range.[27]

Sensors and avionics

The avionics of Tejas Mark 2 will be centered on multisensor data fusion incorporating both active and passive sensors on board. The Tejas Mark 2 would be equipped with a variant of Uttam AESA Radar developed by Electronics and Radar Development Establishment, while the combat aircraft will also have an integrated IRST system for passive target acquisition. The Tejas Mark 2 will have indigenous software-defined radio-based tactical data link for secured communication and network-centric warfare capabilities supported by the IAF's AFNet digital information grid.[28][29]

Cockpit

The Tejas Mark 2 will have a night vision goggles-compatible glass cockpit dominated by a touch-sensitive wide area display placed in panoramic orientation and a wide-angle holographic head-up display system.[30] The Tejas Mark 2 will have hands-on throttle-and-stick arrangement with right-hand-on-stick and left-hand-on-throttle settings to ease the pilot workload.

Propulsion

In 2008, HAL issued a fresh request for proposal for the procurement of 95- to 100-kilonewton (kN) (21,000–23,000 lbf) thrust-class engine to power the Tejas Mark 2.[31] In 2010, after extensive evaluation of both the Eurojet EJ200 and the General Electric F414, GE's F414 INS6 afterburning turbofan engine was declared as the lowest bidder. The deal covered the purchase of 99 GE F414 engines, with the initial batch supplied directly by GE, while the remainder is to be manufactured in India by HAL under a transfer-of-technology agreement.[32][33][34]

The GE F414 INS6 engine has a maximum thrust output of 98 kN and also offers improved specific fuel consumption over the F404 IN20 engine selected to power both Mark 1 and Mark 1A variants of Tejas.[35] The aircraft is designed keeping in mind that GE's F414 will be replaced once an Indian powerplant is available.[36][37][38] Therefore, the future engine replacement should make minimal changes in the configuration.

Operators

 India

Indian Air Force – 10 squadrons

  • Phase 1 – 6 squadrons[39]
  • Phase 2 – 4 squadrons[40]

Specifications (Projected)

Data from Jane's Defence Weekly,[12] OnManorama,[28] Defexpo 2020 and Aero India 2021

General characteristics

  • Crew: One or two
  • Length: 14.60 m (47 ft 11 in)
  • Wingspan: 8.50 m (27 ft 11 in)
  • Height: 4.86 m (15 ft 11 in)
  • Wing area: 44 m2 (470 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 7,850 kg (17,306 lb) (expected)
  • Gross weight: 11,300 kg (24,912 lb) (expected)
  • Max takeoff weight: 17,500 kg (38,581 lb) (expected)[41][42]
  • Fuel capacity: 3,400 kg (7,500 lb) internal; 3,500 kg (7,700 lb) with drop tank[43]
  • Payload: 6,500 kg (14,300 lb) external stores[44]
  • Powerplant: 1 × General Electric F414-INS6 afterburning turbofan with FADEC, 98 kN (22,000 lbf) with afterburner[45] (Indigenous 110KN Engine to be used in future)[37][36]

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 2,385 km/h (1,482 mph, 1,288 kn)
  • Maximum speed: Mach 1.8[46]
  • Range: 2,500 km (1,600 mi, 1,300 nmi)
  • Combat range: 1,500 km (930 mi, 810 nmi)
  • Ferry range: 3,500 km (2,200 mi, 1,900 nmi) with 3 external fuel tanks
  • Service ceiling: 17,300 m (56,758 ft)
  • g limits: +9/−3.5
  • Thrust/weight: 0.89 (with 7000 lb of fuel, 2 SRAAMs and F414-GE-INS6), 1.00 (planned) with Indigenous Engine of 110 KN thrust[citation needed]

Armament

Avionics

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Notes

  1. ↑ The FSED process of the LCA programme was begun in 1993 with first two phases completed so far, which resulted in the development of Tejas Mark 1, Mark 1A, LCA trainer, LCA Navy Mark 1 and LCA Navy trainer variants

References

  1. ↑ M, Anantha Krishnan (6 August 2022). "Upgraded Tejas fighter, touted as 'real desi game-changer', to fly in 2022-23". The Week. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  2. ↑ Peri, Dinakar (29 October 2022). "Fifth gen fighter AMCA can be rolled out in three years after project sanction: scientists". The Hindu. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  3. ↑ "India's Medium Weight Fighter set to fly into detail design phase". OnManorama. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  4. ↑ "With expected 83 Tejas MK1A orders, ARDC shapes India's upgraded fighter". OnManorama. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  5. ↑ Krishnan, Raghu (18 May 2022). "Post upgradation Tejas' Mark-2 to become a medium weight fighter". The Economic Times.
  6. ↑ "HAL Ramps Up LCA Production and Looks to the Mk2". Aviation International News. 11 March 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  7. ↑ "Metal-cutting for single-engined Tejas fighter planes to begin in February". Hindustan Times. 8 December 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  8. ↑ Kumar, Anish (19 October 2022). "DefExpo 2022: IAF to phase out Mig-29, Mirage and Jaguar fighter jets by 2035; LCA Mk2 will replace them". Asianet News. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  9. ↑ Peri, Dinakar (28 October 2022). "Fifth gen fighter AMCA can be rolled out in three years after project sanction: scientists". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  10. ↑ "Long-awaited indigenous light combat aircraft Tejas Mk II targeted by 2022". Hindustan Times. 23 August 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 ADA annual report 2015-16 (PDF) (Report).
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Tauro, Caron Natasha (20 February 2019). "Aero India 2019: ADA unveils Tejas AF Mk 2 Medium Weight Fighter". Janes. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  13. ↑ "India's Medium Weight Fighter set to fly into detail design phase". Manoramaonline. 3 February 2020. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  14. ↑ Kadidal, Akhil (22 November 2021). "Boon for Indian industries waiting in wings of LCA Mark II". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Singh, Rahul (31 August 2022). "Govt clears LCA-Mk2 fighter's development". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  16. ↑ Pandit, Rajat (1 September 2022). "Cabinet Committee on Security approves Tejas 2.0 mega project". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  17. ↑ "Tejas Mark II to roll out next year; high-speed trials in 2023: HAL Chief Madhavan". The Hindu. PTI. 31 January 2021. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  18. ↑ "Centre gives nod to Tejas Mark-2 development project - Details". TimesNow. 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  19. ↑ Linganna, Girish (16 October 2022). "LCA Mk2 maybe be delayed, HAL to form a consortium after the private sector backs off". Frontier India. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  20. ↑ Siddiqui, Huma (20 October 2022). "Atmanirbhar Bharat: LCA `Tejas' Mk2 variant expected to roll out next December". Financialexpress. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  21. ↑ Dutta, Amrita Nayak (22 October 2022). "16 Countries Interested in LCA Tejas Mk2, Efforts on to Identify Private Agencies to Speed Up Production". News18. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  22. ↑ "Tejas Mk-II: India may avail consultancy from European manufacturers who bid for MMRCA deal". The Economic Times. Press Trust of India. 11 July 2018.
  23. ↑ "LCA Tejas to level up with on-board oxygen system by early 2020, says DRDO". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  24. ↑ "DIAT system soon to monitor in-flight health of Tejas Mk-II - Indian Express". archive.indianexpress.com. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  25. ↑ Shukla, Ajai (30 August 2022). "Cabinet likely to take up Tejas Mark 2 case soon to grant permission". Business Standard India. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  26. ↑ Tauro, Caron Natasha (20 February 2019). "Aero India 2019: ADA unveils Tejas AF Mk 2 Medium Weight Fighter". Jane's Defence Weekly. Bangalore. Archived from the original on 20 February 2019.
  27. ↑ "The Tejas Mark 2 fighter has been bulked up into medium fighter category". www.ajaishukla.com.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Krishnan M, Anantha (3 February 2020). "India's Medium Weight Fighter set to fly into detail design phase". OnManorama. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  29. ↑ "'Make in India' Software Defined Radio: 'Mother' of all solutions for tactical communications of armed forces".
  30. ↑ ADA Annual report 2015-16 (PDF) (Report).
  31. ↑ Sharma, Ravi. "Kaveri engine programme delinked from the Tejas." The Hindu, (Chennai, India), 27 September 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  32. ↑ "GE F414 Engines Selected to Power India Light Combat Aircraft Program | GE News". www.ge.com.
  33. ↑ Shukla, Ajai. "American engine to power LCA." Bharat-Rakshak.com, 1 October 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2012. Archived 11 October 2012[Date mismatch] at the Wayback Machine
  34. ↑ "India picks GE's F414 for Tejas MkII fighter." Flight International, 1 October 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2012. Archived 9 August 2011[Date mismatch] at the Wayback Machine
  35. ↑ "F414 turbofan engines specification" (PDF).
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Jha, Manish Kumar (11 March 2021). "DRDO's Light Tank Will Be Power Pack As "The Highest Altitude Operable Tank In The Globe": G. Satheesh Reddy, Chairman DRDO". BW BusinessWorld. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 "Tejas done, focus on three other fighter jets: two for IAF, one Navy". The Indian EXPRESS. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  38. ↑ "India's Medium Weight Fighter Set To Fly Into Detail Design Phase".
  39. ↑ "IAF committed to induct 6 LCA Mark2 fighter squadrons: Air Chief VR Chaudhari". ANI. 18 July 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  40. ↑ Dutta, Amrita Nayak (22 October 2022). "16 Countries Interested in LCA Tejas Mk2, Efforts on to Identify Private Agencies to Speed Up Production". News18. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  41. ↑ Sagar, Pradip R (5 January 2021). "20 years since LCA Tejas's first flight: What's next for India's indigenous fighter programme?". The Week. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  42. ↑ "Tejas Mk2Light Combat Aircraft". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  43. ↑ Shukla, Ajai (30 December 2021). "Here's how Tejas Mark 2 is evolving into a bigger, powerful fighter". Business Standard India. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  44. ↑ Peri, Dinakar (12 September 2021). "LCA-Mk2 to roll out next year, first flight in 2023, says scientist". The Hindu. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  45. ↑ "F414turbofan engines" (PDF). GE Aviation. General Electric. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Singh, Rahul (18 September 2022). "LCA Mk-2 set to have heavier payload capacity, better range". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  47. ↑ "Tracking The Tejas: How The Tejas Mk2 Design Became The Medium Weight Fighter". Delhi Defence Review. 23 February 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  48. ↑ "MWF Tejas :-Why Tejas Mk2 (MWF) Will be Important — Indian Defence News". Archived from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  49. ↑ "HAL Plans to Certify Astra Mk1 and ASRAAM Air to Air Missile". Eletimes. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  50. ↑ M, Tushar (19 August 2021). "Bharat Dynamics, MBDA missiles deal to help indigenous programs in India". Global Data. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  51. ↑ "BrahMos to make a generational leap, become lighter, faster and more lethal supersonic cruise missile". ZEENEWS. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Krishnan M, Anantha. "Inspiring ADA; LCAAFMk2 will roll out by August 2022: Dr Madhusudana Rao". YouTube. Tarmak. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 "Tejas Mark II to have ability to conduct Balakot-like operations". Hindustan Times. 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  54. ↑ "New Improved Uttam AESA Mk2". Alpha Defence. 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  55. ↑ Chopra (Retd), AM Anil (25 August 2020). "Electronic Warfare -Trends – Time For India to Become Atamnirbhar". Air Power Asia. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  56. ↑ "Dual Colour Missile Approach Warning System for Fighter Aircraft". DRDO. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  57. ↑ "Tejas fighter to get indigenous Laser Designator Pod to target the enemy". Zee News. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  58. ↑ "EXCLUSIVE: How A Secretive DRDO Lab Is Saving The IAF Su-30MKI". Livefist. 16 February 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2021.

Bibliography

External links

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