HAL TEDBF: Difference between revisions

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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
  |name = Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter
  |name = Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter
  |image = File:HALTEDBFAeroindia2021.png
  |image = HALTEDBFAeroindia2021.png
  |alt =  
  |alt =  
  |caption = A model of HAL TEDBF displayed at Aero India 2021
  |caption = A model of HAL TEDBF displayed at Aero India 2021
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  |national origin = India <!-- Please DON'T add flag icons, as they limit horizontal space. -->
  |national origin = India <!-- Please DON'T add flag icons, as they limit horizontal space. -->
  |manufacturer = [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]
  |manufacturer = [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]
  |design group = [[Aeronautical Development Agency]]<br> [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]<br> [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
  |design group = [[Aeronautical Development Agency]]<br>[[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] <br>[[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
  |status = Under development
  |status = Under development
  |first flight = 2026 (expected) <ref>{{cite web|title=Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF) Aircraft to take first flight in 2026|url=https://infotonline.com/tedbf-to-take-first-flight-in-2026/?amp=1|publisher=INFOTONLINE|access-date=5 June 2020}}</ref>  
  |first flight = 2026 (expected)<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF) Aircraft to take first flight in 2026|url=https://infotonline.com/tedbf-to-take-first-flight-in-2026/?amp=1|publisher=INFOTONLINE|access-date=5 June 2022}}</ref>  
|introduction =
  |retired =  
  |retired =  
  |primary user = [[Indian Navy]]
  |primary user =
|more users =
  |developed from = [[HAL Tejas]]
  |developed from = [[HAL Tejas]]
  |developed into =  
  |developed into =  
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|}
|}


The '''HAL Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter''' ('''TEDBF''') is a [[Canard (aeronautics)|canard]] [[delta wing]], [[Twinjet|twin-engine]], [[Carrier-based aircraft|carrier based]], [[multirole combat aircraft]] currently under development for the Indian Navy. The TEDBF is designed and developed by the [[Aeronautical Development Agency]] (ADA), with [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] (HAL) selected as the prime contractor responsible for the flight testing and manufacturing.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Sutton|first=H. I.|date=2021-03-17|title=India’s New Aircraft Carrier, Vikrant, May Get 5th-Generation Fighter|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/03/indias-new-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-may-get-5th-generation-fighter/|access-date=2021-06-10|website=NAVAL NEWS |language=en-US}}</ref> The TEDBF is intended to perform a multitude of missions including [[Air supremacy|air supremacy]], [[Air interdiction|air interdiction]], [[Area denial weapon|anti access/area denial]], [[anti-ship warfare|anti-ship strike]] and [[Electronic warfare|electronic warfare]] missions.<ref name=":0" /> The TEDBF is expected to replace the [[MiG-29K]] in Indian Navy service onboard the [[INS Vikramaditya]] and the upcoming [[INS Vikrant (2013)|INS Vikrant]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=MiG-29K Aircraft Replacement, Indian TEDBF Breaks Cover at Aero India 2021|url=https://www.defenseworld.net/news/28882/MiG_29_K_Aircraft_Replacement__Indian_TEDBF_Breaks_Cover_at_Aero_India_2021#.YB6y32nhUwB|access-date=2021-02-06|website=www.defenseworld.net}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Sutton|first=H. I.|date=2021-03-17|title=India’s New Aircraft Carrier, Vikrant, May Get 5th-Generation Fighter|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/03/indias-new-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-may-get-5th-generation-fighter/|access-date=2021-06-10|website=NAVAL NEWS |language=en-US}}</ref>  
The '''HAL Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter''' ('''TEDBF''') is a [[Canard (aeronautics)|canard]] [[delta wing]], [[Twinjet|twin-engine]], [[Carrier-based aircraft|carrier-based]], [[multirole combat aircraft]] currently under development for the [[Indian Navy]]. The TEDBF is being designed and developed by the [[Aeronautical Development Agency]] (ADA), and will be manufactured by [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] (HAL).<ref name=":0" /> The TEDBF is intended to perform a multitude of missions, including [[Air supremacy|air supremacy]], [[Air interdiction|air interdiction]], [[anti-access/area denial]] (A2/AD), [[anti-ship warfare]] (ASW) and [[Electronic warfare|electronic warfare]] (EW) missions.<ref name=":0" /> The TEDBF is expected to replace the [[Mikoyan MiG-29K#India|Mikoyan MiG-29K]] onboard the {{ship|INS|Vikramaditya}} and the {{ship|INS|Vikrant|2013|6}}.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|title=MiG-29K Aircraft Replacement, Indian TEDBF Breaks Cover at Aero India 2021|url=https://www.defenseworld.net/news/28882/MiG_29_K_Aircraft_Replacement__Indian_TEDBF_Breaks_Cover_at_Aero_India_2021#.YB6y32nhUwB|access-date=2021-02-06|website=www.defenseworld.net}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Sutton|first=H. I.|date=2021-03-17|title=India’s New Aircraft Carrier, Vikrant, May Get 5th-Generation Fighter|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/03/indias-new-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-may-get-5th-generation-fighter/|access-date=2021-06-10|website=Naval News|language=en-US}}</ref>  


The programme was officially announced in 2020, in response to the Indian Navy's dissatisfaction in operating a single-engine carrier-based fighter based on [[HAL Tejas|Tejas]] and eventual withdrawal from the naval LCA programme in 2016. A model of the aircraft was displayed at [[Aero India]] 2021.<ref name=":1" /> The first flight is expected to be in 2026 with service induction by 2032.<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 2, 2021|first=Chethan|last=Kumar|title=Aero India to kick off on Wednesday|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/aero-india-to-kick-off-on-wednesday/articleshow/80643782.cms|access-date=2021-02-04|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Manish Kumar|title=DRDO’s Light Tank Will Be Power Pack As “The Highest Altitude Operable Tank In The Globe”: G. Satheesh Reddy, Chairman DRDO|url=http://businessworld.inhttps//www.businessworld.in/article/DRDO-s-Light-Tank-Will-Be-Power-Pack-As-The-Highest-Altitude-Operable-Tank-In-The-Globe-G-Satheesh-Reddy-Chairman-DRDO/09-03-2021-383371|access-date=2021-03-11|website=BW Businessworld|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF) Aircraft to take first flight in 2026|url=https://infotonline.com/tedbf-to-take-first-flight-in-2026/?amp=1|publisher=INFOTONLINE|access-date=5 June 2020}}</ref>
The programme was officially announced in 2020, in response to the Indian Navy's dissatisfaction in operating a single-engine carrier-based fighter based on the [[HAL Tejas]], and its eventual withdrawal from the naval LCA programme in 2016. A model of the aircraft was displayed at [[Aero India]] 2021.<ref name=":1" /> The first flight is expected to be in 2026,<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 2, 2021|first=Chethan|last=Kumar|title=Aero India to kick off on Wednesday|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/aero-india-to-kick-off-on-wednesday/articleshow/80643782.cms|access-date=2021-02-04|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Manish Kumar|title=DRDO’s Light Tank Will Be Power Pack As “The Highest Altitude Operable Tank In The Globe”: G. Satheesh Reddy, Chairman DRDO|url=http://businessworld.inhttps//www.businessworld.in/article/DRDO-s-Light-Tank-Will-Be-Power-Pack-As-The-Highest-Altitude-Operable-Tank-In-The-Globe-G-Satheesh-Reddy-Chairman-DRDO/09-03-2021-383371|access-date=2021-03-11|website=BW Businessworld|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="auto"/> with production planned for 2031.<ref name="Vayu Aerospace Defexpo 2022 Issue pg 60">{{Cite web|date=2022-01-01|title=Interview with Admiral R Hari Kumar, Chief of the Naval Staff, Indian Navy|url=https://www.vayuaerospace.in/Issue/202203031244324118.pdf|access-date=2022-04-15|website=VayuAerospace.IN |language=en-US}}</ref>  


The design's twin-engines are expected to give shorter take-off performance from the Indian Navy’s Short Take-off But Arrested Recovery ([[STOBAR]]) aircraft carriers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MiG-29K Aircraft Replacement, Indian TEDBF Breaks Cover at Aero India 2021|url=https://www.defenseworld.net/news/28882/MiG_29_K_Aircraft_Replacement__Indian_TEDBF_Breaks_Cover_at_Aero_India_2021#.YB6y32nhUwB|access-date=2021-02-06|website=www.defenseworld.net}}</ref> As a dedicated deck-based fighter, it will feature folding wings for storage. The TEDBF will predominantly be equipped with indigenous weapons.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Aero India 2021: Indian TEDBF naval fighter showcased by HAL|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/aero-india-2021-indian-tedbf-naval-fighter-showcased-by-hal|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Janes.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=India offers LCA Tejas trainer variant to US Navy: Report|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/12/09/india-offers-lca-tejas-trainer-variant-to-us-navy-report.html|access-date=2021-02-04|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=January 17, 2021|first=Sandeep|last=Unnithan|title=Tejas gets wings|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/defence/story/20210125-tejas-gets-wings-1759577-2021-01-17|access-date=2021-02-04|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
The design's twin engines are expected to allow shorter take-offs from the Indian Navy’s [[STOBAR|Short Take-Off Barrier Arrested Recovery (STOBAR)]] aircraft carriers.<ref name="auto1"/> As a dedicated deck-based fighter, it will feature foldable wings for more compact storage. The TEDBF will predominantly be equipped with indigenous weapons systems.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Aero India 2021: Indian TEDBF naval fighter showcased by HAL|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/aero-india-2021-indian-tedbf-naval-fighter-showcased-by-hal|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Janes.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=India offers LCA Tejas trainer variant to US Navy: Report|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/12/09/india-offers-lca-tejas-trainer-variant-to-us-navy-report.html|access-date=2021-02-04|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=January 17, 2021|first=Sandeep|last=Unnithan|title=Tejas gets wings|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/defence/story/20210125-tejas-gets-wings-1759577-2021-01-17|access-date=2021-02-04|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>


==Development==
==Development==
=== Naval LCA programme ===
=== Naval LCA programme ===
{{Main|HAL Tejas}}
{{Main|HAL Tejas}}
The naval LCA programme to develop a carrier-based fighter for the Indian Navy was launched in 2003.<ref name="auto10">{{cite web|title=ADA LCA Navy Programme|url=https://www.ada.gov.in/ada/navy-mark1-mark2.html}}</ref> The ADA was entrusted with the design and development of the new naval fighter based on the Tejas design. The programme was envisaged to complete in two phases - in the first phase two prototypes were built based on the Tejas Mark 1 design and in the second phase two prototypes were to be built based on the Tejas Mark 2 design.<ref>{{cite web|title=ADA LCA Navy Programme|url=https://www.ada.gov.in/ada/navy-mark1-mark2.html}}</ref> The programme was jointly funded by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) and the Indian Navy, with the later funding 40% and 60% of the developmental cost of naval LCA Mark 1 and Mark 2 respectively.<ref>{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=2017-12-01|title=India's first indigenous aircraft carrier to join Navy by 2022: Sunil Lanba|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/india-s-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-to-join-navy-by-2022-sunil-lanba-117120100940_1.html|access-date=2021-06-09}}</ref> In 2009, the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] approved the development of Mark 2 variant of the naval LCA.<ref name="dnaindia1">Krishnan M., Anantha. [http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_indian-navy-fastens-its-seatbelt-for-light-combat-aircraft-tejas_1400112 "Indian Navy fastens its seatbelt for Light Combat Aircraft Tejas."] ''Daily News and Analysis'', 23 June 2010. Retrieved 8 February 2021. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926175444/http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_indian-navy-fastens-its-seatbelt-for-light-combat-aircraft-tejas_1400112 |date=26 September 2012}}</ref> The first naval prototype, a two-seater NP-1, was rolled out in 2010 and first flew on 27 April 2012.<ref name="First flight">Kumar, Chethan. [http://www.deccanherald.com/content/244815/lca-naval-variants-first-flight.html "LCA naval variant's first flight on Friday."] ''Deccan Herald'', 25 April 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202190045/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/244815/lca-naval-variants-first-flight.html |date=2 February 2014}}</ref> By 2015, another naval LCA prototype, a single seat NP-2, has joined the programme and carried out first ski jump assisted take off from a [[Shore Based Test Facility|SBTF]] in Goa.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maiden flight by 2nd prototype of LCA Tejas' naval variant|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/maiden-flight-by-2nd-prototype-of-lca-tejas-naval-variant/articleshow/46156784.cms|access-date=2021-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2014-12-23|title=Naval LCA makes first flight from ski-jump|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/naval-lca-makes-first-flight-from-skijump/article6717318.ece|access-date=2021-06-09|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In December 2016, the Indian Navy (IN) opted out of the programme, with the cited reason being the 'overweight' of the naval variant, and issued a fresh RFI for the immediate procurement of 57 Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters (MRCBF).<ref name="janes.com">{{Cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/67252/india-seeks-new-naval-fighter-to-replace-rejected-tejas-lca |title=India seeks new naval fighter to replace rejected Tejas LCA |access-date=23 February 2017 |work=IHS Jane's 360 |date=26 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224131630/http://www.janes.com/article/67252/india-seeks-new-naval-fighter-to-replace-rejected-tejas-lca |archive-date=24 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-rejects-Tejas-says-overweight-fighter-does-not-meet-its-requirements/articleshow/55756350.cms |title=Navy rejects Tejas, says 'overweight' fighter does not meet its requirements|work=indiatimes.com|access-date=27 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206075145/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-rejects-Tejas-says-overweight-fighter-does-not-meet-its-requirements/articleshow/55756350.cms |archive-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/65993/indian-navy-rejects-naval-version-of-tejas-lca-seeks-alternative |title=Indian Navy rejects naval version of Tejas LCA, seeks alternative – IHS Jane's 360|work=janes.com|access-date=27 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075020/http://www.janes.com/article/65993/indian-navy-rejects-naval-version-of-tejas-lca-seeks-alternative |archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> The once stalled programme was revived in 2018, on special interest of the then defence minister Nirmala Sitharaman.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/how-navys-forgotten-tejas-jet-is-readying-for-tests-on-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikramaditya-1894097 |title=Back From Dead: Navy's Tejas Fighter Preps For Tests on Aircraft Carrier |work = NDTV |date = 2 August 2018 |access-date = 2 March 2019 |last1 = Som |first1 = Vishnu}}</ref> The flight tests were resumed with NP-1 and NP-2, for attaining technological maturity of the carrier based fighter.<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/lca-tejas-makes-maiden-engagement-with-indigenous-arrester-hook/articleshow/65247454.cms |title = Naval version of Tejas undergoes successful tests |work = The Economic Times |date = 2 August 2018 |access-date = 2 March 2019 }}</ref> By early 2020, the naval LCA has successfully carried out night arrested landing at SBTF in Goa and carrier landing and Take off on aircraft carrier [[INS Vikramaditya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=LCA Navy makes successful night time arrested landing in Goa|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/lca-tejas-naval-variant-makes-successful-night-time-arrested-landing-at-sbtf-goa20191113172502/|access-date=2021-06-09|website=ANI News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2020-01-11|title=Naval variant of LCA Tejas successfully lands on carrier|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/naval-variant-of-lca-tejas-successfully-lands-on-carrier/article30541842.ece|access-date=2021-06-09|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-12|title=With ski jump, naval light combat aircraft takes off from INS Vikramaditya for 1st time|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/naval-light-combat-aircraft-takes-off-from-ins-vikramaditya-for-first-time/story-8mfMD9bvwPBj6KqrB20UnI.html|access-date=2021-06-09|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
The naval LCA programme to develop a carrier-based fighter for the Indian Navy was launched in 2003.<ref name="auto10">{{cite web|title=ADA LCA Navy Programme|url=https://www.ada.gov.in/ada/navy-mark1-mark2.html}}</ref> The ADA was entrusted with the task of designing and developing a new naval fighter based on the existing Tejas template. The programme was envisaged to be completed in two phases - in the first phase, two prototypes were to be built, based on the Tejas Mk. 1 design. In the second phase, two more prototypes were to be built based on the Tejas Mk. 2 design.<ref name="auto10"/> The programme was jointly funded by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) and the Indian Navy, with the latter funding 40% and 60% of the developmental cost of naval LCA Mk. 1 and Mk. 2, respectively.<ref>{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=2017-12-01|title=India's first indigenous aircraft carrier to join Navy by 2022: Sunil Lanba|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/india-s-first-indigenous-aircraft-carrier-to-join-navy-by-2022-sunil-lanba-117120100940_1.html|access-date=2021-06-09}}</ref> In 2009, the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] approved the development of Mk. 2 variant of the naval LCA.<ref name="dnaindia1">Krishnan M., Anantha. [http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_indian-navy-fastens-its-seatbelt-for-light-combat-aircraft-tejas_1400112 "Indian Navy fastens its seatbelt for Light Combat Aircraft Tejas."] ''Daily News and Analysis'', 23 June 2010. Retrieved 8 February 2021. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926175444/http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_indian-navy-fastens-its-seatbelt-for-light-combat-aircraft-tejas_1400112 |date=26 September 2022}}</ref> The first naval prototype, a two-seater NP-1, was rolled out in 2010, and first flew on 27 April 2012.<ref name="First flight">Kumar, Chethan. [http://www.deccanherald.com/content/244815/lca-naval-variants-first-flight.html "LCA naval variant's first flight on Friday."] ''Deccan Herald'', 25 April 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202190045/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/244815/lca-naval-variants-first-flight.html |date=2 February 2022}}</ref> By 2015, another naval LCA prototype, a single seater NP-2, had joined the programme, and carried out first ski jump assisted take off from a [[shore-based test facility]] (SBTF) in Goa.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maiden flight by 2nd prototype of LCA Tejas' naval variant|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/maiden-flight-by-2nd-prototype-of-lca-tejas-naval-variant/articleshow/46156784.cms|access-date=2021-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2014-12-23|title=Naval LCA makes first flight from ski-jump|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/naval-lca-makes-first-flight-from-skijump/article6717318.ece|access-date=2021-06-09|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In December 2016, the Indian Navy opted out of the programme completely, with the cited reason being that the nav variant was 'overweight', and issued a fresh RFI for the immediate procurement of 57 Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters (MRCBF).<ref name="janes.com">{{Cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/67252/india-seeks-new-naval-fighter-to-replace-rejected-tejas-lca |title=India seeks new naval fighter to replace rejected Tejas LCA |access-date=23 February 2017 |work=IHS Jane's 360 |date=26 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224131630/http://www.janes.com/article/67252/india-seeks-new-naval-fighter-to-replace-rejected-tejas-lca |archive-date=24 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-rejects-Tejas-says-overweight-fighter-does-not-meet-its-requirements/articleshow/55756350.cms |title=Navy rejects Tejas, says 'overweight' fighter does not meet its requirements|work=indiatimes.com|access-date=27 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206075145/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-rejects-Tejas-says-overweight-fighter-does-not-meet-its-requirements/articleshow/55756350.cms |archive-date=6 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/65993/indian-navy-rejects-naval-version-of-tejas-lca-seeks-alternative |title=Indian Navy rejects naval version of Tejas LCA, seeks alternative – IHS Jane's 360|work=janes.com|access-date=27 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075020/http://www.janes.com/article/65993/indian-navy-rejects-naval-version-of-tejas-lca-seeks-alternative |archive-date=20 December 2022}}</ref> The stalled programme was revived once again in 2018, under the oversight of the then defence minister, Ms. [[Nirmala Sitharaman]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/how-navys-forgotten-tejas-jet-is-readying-for-tests-on-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikramaditya-1894097 |title=Back From Dead: Navy's Tejas Fighter Preps For Tests on Aircraft Carrier |work=NDTV |date=2 August 2018 |access-date=2 March 2019 |last1=Som |first1=Vishnu}}</ref> The flight tests were resumed with NP-1 and NP-2 for attaining technological maturity of the carrier based fighter.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/lca-tejas-makes-maiden-engagement-with-indigenous-arrester-hook/articleshow/65247454.cms |title=Naval version of Tejas undergoes successful tests |work=The Economic Times |date=2 August 2018 |access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref> By early 2020, the naval LCA had successfully carried out night-time arrested landing at the Goa SBTF, and carrier landing and take off on the aircraft carrier {{ship|INS|Vikramaditya}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=LCA Navy makes successful night time arrested landing in Goa|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/lca-tejas-naval-variant-makes-successful-night-time-arrested-landing-at-sbtf-goa20191113172502/|access-date=2021-06-09|website=ANI News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2020-01-11|title=Naval variant of LCA Tejas successfully lands on carrier|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/naval-variant-of-lca-tejas-successfully-lands-on-carrier/article30541842.ece|access-date=2021-06-09|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-12|title=With ski jump, naval light combat aircraft takes off from INS Vikramaditya for 1st time|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/naval-light-combat-aircraft-takes-off-from-ins-vikramaditya-for-first-time/story-8mfMD9bvwPBj6KqrB20UnI.html|access-date=2021-06-09|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>


=== TEDBF programme ===
=== TEDBF programme ===
In April 2020, DRDO-ADA announced that they are working on a new naval fighter according to the Indian Navy's MRCBF requirement floated in 2016 to replace the current fleet of MIG-29K/KUB carrier-based fighters.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aero India 2021: Indian TEDBF naval fighter showcased by HAL|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/aero-india-2021-indian-tedbf-naval-fighter-showcased-by-hal|access-date=2021-06-09|website=Janes.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sutton|first=H. I.|date=2021-03-17|title=India’s New Aircraft Carrier, Vikrant, May Get 5th-Generation Fighter|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/03/indias-new-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-may-get-5th-generation-fighter/|access-date=2021-06-09|website=Naval News|language=en-US}}</ref> The new naval fighter unveiled at the Aero India airshow 2021 turned out to be an entirely new design, twin engine, medium weight class fighter, now called Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ch|first=Atul|last2=ra2021-02-09T04:50:00+00:00|title=New Delhi forges ahead with new naval fighter, AMCA|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/new-delhi-forges-ahead-with-new-naval-fighter-amca/142338.article|access-date=2021-06-09|website=Flight Global|language=en}}</ref> The experience gained in the N-LCA programme will help in the development of Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/light-combat-aircraft-for-indian-navy-drdo-updates-naval-aircrafts-progess/1782008/|title=Light Combat Aircraft for Indian Navy: DRDO updates naval aircraft's progress|date=2 December 2019}}</ref>
In April 2020, the ADA announced work on a new naval fighter based on the Indian Navy's MRCBF 2016 requirement to replace the existing fleet of [[Mikoyan MiG-29K]] carrier-based fighters.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aero India 2021: Indian TEDBF naval fighter showcased by HAL|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/aero-india-2021-indian-tedbf-naval-fighter-showcased-by-hal|access-date=2021-06-09|website=Janes.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sutton|first=H. I.|date=2021-03-17|title=India’s New Aircraft Carrier, Vikrant, May Get 5th-Generation Fighter|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/03/indias-new-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-may-get-5th-generation-fighter/|access-date=2021-06-09|website=Naval News|language=en-US}}</ref> The new naval fighter unveiled at the Aero India airshow 2021 turned out to be of a twin engine, medium weight class fighter, now called Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ch|first=Atul|last2=ra2021-02-09T04:50:00+00:00|title=New Delhi forges ahead with new naval fighter, AMCA|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/new-delhi-forges-ahead-with-new-naval-fighter-amca/142338.article|access-date=2021-06-09|website=Flight Global|language=en}}</ref> The experience gained in the Naval LCA (N-LCA) programme is expected to help in the development of the TEDBF.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/light-combat-aircraft-for-indian-navy-drdo-updates-naval-aircrafts-progess/1782008/|title=Light Combat Aircraft for Indian Navy: DRDO updates naval aircraft's progress|date=2 December 2022}}</ref>


Government approval for the project was given in mid-2020. Rs. 13,000 crore will be sanctioned for the program soon as per the latest reports.<ref>{{cite web|title=AMCA and TEDBF: India's Two most fighter jet program set to go official|url=https://idrw.org/amca-and-tedbf-indias-two-most-fighter-jet-program-set-to-go-official/|publisher=INDIAN DEFENCE RESEARCH WING|date=26 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=TEDBF: At $71 million flyaway costs, It will be cheaper than Rafale M and F- 18 E/F|url=https://idrw.org/tedbf-at-71-million-flyaway-costs-tedbf-it-will-be-cheaper-then-rafale-m-and-f-18-e-f/|publisher=INDIAN DEFENCE RESEARCH WING|date=10 June 2020}}</ref> The aircraft will have canards to increase the lifting surface area and will employ two [[General Electric F414]] engines. The first flight is expected in 2026.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Raj|first=Aditya|date=2020-06-05|title=Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF) Aircraft to take first flight in 2026|url=https://infotonline.com/tedbf-to-take-first-flight-in-2026/|work=Infotonline|access-date=2021-02-09}}</ref>
Government of India approved the TEDBF project in mid-2020. The aircraft will have canards to increase the lifting surface area, and will employ two [[General Electric F414]] engines. The first flight is expected in 2026.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Raj|first=Aditya|date=2020-06-05|title=Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF) Aircraft to take first flight in 2026|url=https://infotonline.com/tedbf-to-take-first-flight-in-2026/|work=Infotonline|access-date=2021-02-09}}</ref> According to Project Director TV Vinod Kumar, the estimated cost of four prototypes will be ₹14,000 crore. ADA is looking for joint development with Indian private sector. Indian Navy is planning the induction from 2032 when Mikoyan MiG-29K will start retiring. Upon induction of [[INS Vishal]], TEDBF will be modified for [[Catapult Assisted Take-Off Barrier Arrested Recovery]] (CATOBAR) operations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Amrita Nayak |date=2022-10-21 |title='Development of Indigenous Deck Based Fighters to Replace Navy's MiG-29 Fleet on Track': ADA Official |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/development-of-indigenous-deck-based-fighters-to-replace-navys-mig-29-fleet-on-track-ada-official-6212815.html |access-date=2022-10-22 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> As an interim measure, Navy will procure [[Rafale M]] or Boeing [[Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet|F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]] until TEDBF is ready.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=2022-08-25 |title=Rafale or Super Hornets are 'interim arrangement' only, says Navy on mega fighter deal |url=https://theprint.in/defence/rafale-or-super-hornets-are-interim-arrangement-only-says-navy-on-mega-fighter-deal/1099609/ |access-date=2022-10-22 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> Due to the TEDBF project, the Indian Navy reduced their orders for foreign fighters from 57 aircraft to 26, including trainer variants.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2022-11-11 |title=Twin engine carrier-based fighter for Navy could be inducted by 2031-32 |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/twin-engine-carrier-based-fighter-for-navy-could-be-inducted-by-2031-32/article66124792.ece |access-date=2022-11-14 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>    


A proposed air force variant of aircraft is named the Omni-Role Combat Aircraft (ORCA) and is under study. The Indian Air Force requires more than 750 aircraft between 2030 and 2050. The ORCA is being developed in addition to [[HAL AMCA]].<ref name="NDTVJan21">{{Cite news|last=Som|first=Vishnu|date=2020-01-05|title=NDTV Exclusive: First Look At Futuristic Variant Of India's Tejas Fighter|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/if-developed-this-futuristic-variant-of-tejas-could-match-iafs-rafale-jets-2159016|location=New Delhi|newspaper=NDTV|access-date=2021-02-09}}</ref>
A proposed air force variant of the TEDBF design, called the Omni-Role Combat Aircraft (ORCA) is also under study. The Indian Air Force is expected to need more than 750 aircraft between 2030 and 2050. ORCA, if funded, would be developed in parallel to the [[HAL AMCA]].<ref name="NDTVJan21">{{Cite news|last=Som|first=Vishnu|date=2020-01-05|title=NDTV Exclusive: First Look At Futuristic Variant Of India's Tejas Fighter|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/if-developed-this-futuristic-variant-of-tejas-could-match-iafs-rafale-jets-2159016|location=New Delhi|newspaper=NDTV|access-date=2021-02-09}}</ref> ADA will submit Preliminary Design Review on Q2 2023. The prototype will take 1,000 flights during test phase.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kadidal |first1=Akhil |title=Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/design-of-indias-naval-fighter-approaching-preliminary-completion |access-date=14 November 2022 |publisher=Janes |date=3 November 2022}}</ref> TEDBF is undergoing wind-tunnel testing. DRDO is conducting high speed modelling to test the supersonic characteristics using internal funds.<ref name=":2" />


==Specifications==
==Specifications==
{{Aircraft specs
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=[[Jane's Information Group|Jane's]],<ref name="Jane's">{{Cite web|title=Aero India 2021: Indian TEDBF naval fighter showcased by HAL|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/aero-india-2021-indian-tedbf-naval-fighter-showcased-by-hal|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Janes.com|language=en}}</ref> [[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Atma Nirbhar defence: Indigenous projects to look out for at Aero India 2021|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/02/03/atma-nirbhar-defence-indigenous-projects-to-look-out-for-at-aero-india-2021.html|access-date=2021-02-04|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref>
|ref=[[Jane's Information Group|Jane's]],<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kadidal |first1=Akhil |title=Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/design-of-indias-naval-fighter-approaching-preliminary-completion |access-date=14 November 2022 |publisher=Janes |date=3 November 2022}}</ref> [[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Atma Nirbhar defence: Indigenous projects to look out for at Aero India 2021|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/02/03/atma-nirbhar-defence-indigenous-projects-to-look-out-for-at-aero-india-2021.html|access-date=2021-02-04|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
|prime units?=met
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|length note=
|length note=
|span m=11.20
|span m=11.20
|span note=(unfolded)
|span note=(unfolded), 7.6m (24 ft 11 in) (folded)
|width m=<!-- if applicable -->
|width m=<!-- if applicable -->
|width ft=<!-- if applicable -->
|width ft=<!-- if applicable -->
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|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|wing loading note=  
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
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|fuel consumption lb/mi=
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|thrust/weight=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=
|more performance=
 
<!--
 
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|rockets=  
|rockets=  
|hardpoint rockets=
|hardpoint rockets=
|hardpoint missiles=11
|hardpoints=11 (2 × wing tip, 6 × under-wing, and 3 × under-fuselage)
|hardpoint missiles=<br />
*** '''[[Air-to-air missile]]''':
**** NG-CCM (planned)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kadidal |first1=Akhil |title=Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/design-of-indias-naval-fighter-approaching-preliminary-completion |access-date=14 November 2022 |publisher=Janes |date=3 November 2022}}</ref>
**** [[Astra (missile)|Astra Mark 1]] (planned)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kadidal |first1=Akhil |title=Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/design-of-indias-naval-fighter-approaching-preliminary-completion |access-date=14 November 2022 |publisher=Janes |date=3 November 2022}}</ref>
**** [[Astra_(missile)#Astra_Mk-2|Astra Mark 2]] (planned)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kadidal |first1=Akhil |title=Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/design-of-indias-naval-fighter-approaching-preliminary-completion |access-date=14 November 2022 |publisher=Janes |date=3 November 2022}}</ref>
*** '''[[Anti-ship missile]]''':
**** [[Naval anti ship missile -MR|NASM-MR]] (planned)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kadidal |first1=Akhil |title=Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/design-of-indias-naval-fighter-approaching-preliminary-completion |access-date=14 November 2022 |publisher=Janes |date=3 November 2022}}</ref>
**** [[Harpoon (missile)|Harpoon]] (planned)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kadidal |first1=Akhil |title=Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/design-of-indias-naval-fighter-approaching-preliminary-completion |access-date=14 November 2022 |publisher=Janes |date=3 November 2022}}</ref>
*** '''[[Anti-radiation missile]]''':
**** [[Rudram (missile)|Rudram-1]] (planned)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kadidal |first1=Akhil |title=Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/design-of-indias-naval-fighter-approaching-preliminary-completion |access-date=14 November 2022 |publisher=Janes |date=3 November 2022}}</ref>
|hardpoint other=
|hardpoint other=
|avionics=* [[LRDE]] [[Uttam AESA Radar]] (planned)
|avionics=* [[LRDE]] [[Uttam AESA Radar]] (planned)
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==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|India|Aviation}}
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{{aircontent
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|see also=
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{{Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)}}
{{Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)}}


[[Category:Indian military aircraft procurement programs]]
[[Category:Proposed aircraft of India]]
[[Category:Proposed aircraft of India]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Carrier-based aircraft]]
[[Category:Carrier-based aircraft]]
[[Category:Fourth-generation jet fighter]]
[[Category:Fourth-generation jet fighter]]
[[Category:Proposed military aircraft]]

Revision as of 14:05, 15 November 2022


Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter
HALTEDBFAeroindia2021.png
A model of HAL TEDBF displayed at Aero India 2021
Role Carrier-based multirole fighter
National origin India
Manufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Design group Aeronautical Development Agency
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Defence Research and Development Organisation
First flight 2026 (expected)[1]
Status Under development
Developed from HAL Tejas

The HAL Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF) is a canard delta wing, twin-engine, carrier-based, multirole combat aircraft currently under development for the Indian Navy. The TEDBF is being designed and developed by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA), and will be manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).[2] The TEDBF is intended to perform a multitude of missions, including air supremacy, air interdiction, anti-access/area denial (A2/AD), anti-ship warfare (ASW) and electronic warfare (EW) missions.[2] The TEDBF is expected to replace the Mikoyan MiG-29K onboard the INS Vikramaditya and the INS Vikrant.[3][2]

The programme was officially announced in 2020, in response to the Indian Navy's dissatisfaction in operating a single-engine carrier-based fighter based on the HAL Tejas, and its eventual withdrawal from the naval LCA programme in 2016. A model of the aircraft was displayed at Aero India 2021.[4] The first flight is expected to be in 2026,[5][6][1] with production planned for 2031.[7]

The design's twin engines are expected to allow shorter take-offs from the Indian Navy’s Short Take-Off Barrier Arrested Recovery (STOBAR) aircraft carriers.[3] As a dedicated deck-based fighter, it will feature foldable wings for more compact storage. The TEDBF will predominantly be equipped with indigenous weapons systems.[4][8][9]

Development

Naval LCA programme

Main article: HAL Tejas

The naval LCA programme to develop a carrier-based fighter for the Indian Navy was launched in 2003.[10] The ADA was entrusted with the task of designing and developing a new naval fighter based on the existing Tejas template. The programme was envisaged to be completed in two phases - in the first phase, two prototypes were to be built, based on the Tejas Mk. 1 design. In the second phase, two more prototypes were to be built based on the Tejas Mk. 2 design.[10] The programme was jointly funded by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Navy, with the latter funding 40% and 60% of the developmental cost of naval LCA Mk. 1 and Mk. 2, respectively.[11] In 2009, the Cabinet Committee on Security approved the development of Mk. 2 variant of the naval LCA.[12] The first naval prototype, a two-seater NP-1, was rolled out in 2010, and first flew on 27 April 2012.[13] By 2015, another naval LCA prototype, a single seater NP-2, had joined the programme, and carried out first ski jump assisted take off from a shore-based test facility (SBTF) in Goa.[14][15] In December 2016, the Indian Navy opted out of the programme completely, with the cited reason being that the nav variant was 'overweight', and issued a fresh RFI for the immediate procurement of 57 Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters (MRCBF).[16][17][18] The stalled programme was revived once again in 2018, under the oversight of the then defence minister, Ms. Nirmala Sitharaman.[19] The flight tests were resumed with NP-1 and NP-2 for attaining technological maturity of the carrier based fighter.[20] By early 2020, the naval LCA had successfully carried out night-time arrested landing at the Goa SBTF, and carrier landing and take off on the aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya.[21][22][23]

TEDBF programme

In April 2020, the ADA announced work on a new naval fighter based on the Indian Navy's MRCBF 2016 requirement to replace the existing fleet of Mikoyan MiG-29K carrier-based fighters.[24][25] The new naval fighter unveiled at the Aero India airshow 2021 turned out to be of a twin engine, medium weight class fighter, now called Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF).[26] The experience gained in the Naval LCA (N-LCA) programme is expected to help in the development of the TEDBF.[27]

Government of India approved the TEDBF project in mid-2020. The aircraft will have canards to increase the lifting surface area, and will employ two General Electric F414 engines. The first flight is expected in 2026.[28] According to Project Director TV Vinod Kumar, the estimated cost of four prototypes will be ₹14,000 crore. ADA is looking for joint development with Indian private sector. Indian Navy is planning the induction from 2032 when Mikoyan MiG-29K will start retiring. Upon induction of INS Vishal, TEDBF will be modified for Catapult Assisted Take-Off Barrier Arrested Recovery (CATOBAR) operations.[29] As an interim measure, Navy will procure Rafale M or Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet until TEDBF is ready.[30] Due to the TEDBF project, the Indian Navy reduced their orders for foreign fighters from 57 aircraft to 26, including trainer variants.[31]

A proposed air force variant of the TEDBF design, called the Omni-Role Combat Aircraft (ORCA) is also under study. The Indian Air Force is expected to need more than 750 aircraft between 2030 and 2050. ORCA, if funded, would be developed in parallel to the HAL AMCA.[32] ADA will submit Preliminary Design Review on Q2 2023. The prototype will take 1,000 flights during test phase.[33] TEDBF is undergoing wind-tunnel testing. DRDO is conducting high speed modelling to test the supersonic characteristics using internal funds.[31]

Specifications

Data from Jane's,[4][34] The Week[35]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Length: 16.30 m (53 ft 6 in)
  • Wingspan: 11.20 m (36 ft 9 in) (unfolded), 7.6m (24 ft 11 in) (folded)
  • Max takeoff weight: 26,000 kg (57,320 lb) (expected)[36]
  • Powerplant: 2 × General Electric F414 afterburning turbofan, 58.5 kN (13,200 lbf) thrust each dry, 98 kN (22,000 lbf) with afterburner

Performance

  • Maximum speed: Mach 1.6
  • Service ceiling: 18,000 m (60,000 ft)
  • g limits: +8/−3

Armament

Avionics

See also

Related development

Related lists

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF) Aircraft to take first flight in 2026". INFOTONLINE. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Sutton, H. I. (17 March 2021). "India's New Aircraft Carrier, Vikrant, May Get 5th-Generation Fighter". Naval News. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "MiG-29K Aircraft Replacement, Indian TEDBF Breaks Cover at Aero India 2021". www.defenseworld.net. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Aero India 2021: Indian TEDBF naval fighter showcased by HAL". Janes.com. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  5. ↑ Kumar, Chethan (2 February 2021). "Aero India to kick off on Wednesday". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  6. ↑ Jha, Manish Kumar. "DRDO's Light Tank Will Be Power Pack As "The Highest Altitude Operable Tank In The Globe": G. Satheesh Reddy, Chairman DRDO". BW Businessworld. Retrieved 11 March 2021.[permanent dead link]
  7. ↑ "Interview with Admiral R Hari Kumar, Chief of the Naval Staff, Indian Navy" (PDF). VayuAerospace.IN. 1 January 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  8. ↑ "India offers LCA Tejas trainer variant to US Navy: Report". The Week. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  9. ↑ Unnithan, Sandeep (17 January 2021). "Tejas gets wings". India Today. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "ADA LCA Navy Programme".
  11. ↑ IANS (1 December 2017). "India's first indigenous aircraft carrier to join Navy by 2022: Sunil Lanba". Business Standard India. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  12. ↑ Krishnan M., Anantha. "Indian Navy fastens its seatbelt for Light Combat Aircraft Tejas." Daily News and Analysis, 23 June 2010. Retrieved 8 February 2021. Archived 26 September 2012[Date mismatch] at the Wayback Machine
  13. ↑ Kumar, Chethan. "LCA naval variant's first flight on Friday." Deccan Herald, 25 April 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012. Archived 2 February 2014[Date mismatch] at the Wayback Machine
  14. ↑ "Maiden flight by 2nd prototype of LCA Tejas' naval variant". The Economic Times. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  15. ↑ Peri, Dinakar (23 December 2014). "Naval LCA makes first flight from ski-jump". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  16. ↑ "India seeks new naval fighter to replace rejected Tejas LCA". IHS Jane's 360. 26 January 2017. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2017. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (help)
  17. ↑ "Navy rejects Tejas, says 'overweight' fighter does not meet its requirements". indiatimes.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2017. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (help)
  18. ↑ "Indian Navy rejects naval version of Tejas LCA, seeks alternative – IHS Jane's 360". janes.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2017. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (help)
  19. ↑ Som, Vishnu (2 August 2018). "Back From Dead: Navy's Tejas Fighter Preps For Tests on Aircraft Carrier". NDTV. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  20. ↑ "Naval version of Tejas undergoes successful tests". The Economic Times. 2 August 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  21. ↑ "LCA Navy makes successful night time arrested landing in Goa". ANI News. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  22. ↑ Peri, Dinakar (11 January 2020). "Naval variant of LCA Tejas successfully lands on carrier". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  23. ↑ "With ski jump, naval light combat aircraft takes off from INS Vikramaditya for 1st time". Hindustan Times. 12 January 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  24. ↑ "Aero India 2021: Indian TEDBF naval fighter showcased by HAL". Janes.com. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  25. ↑ Sutton, H. I. (17 March 2021). "India's New Aircraft Carrier, Vikrant, May Get 5th-Generation Fighter". Naval News. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  26. ↑ Ch, Atul; ra2021-02-09T04:50:00+00:00. "New Delhi forges ahead with new naval fighter, AMCA". Flight Global. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  27. ↑ "Light Combat Aircraft for Indian Navy: DRDO updates naval aircraft's progress". 2 December 2022.
  28. ↑ Raj, Aditya (5 June 2020). "Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF) Aircraft to take first flight in 2026". Infotonline. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  29. ↑ Dutta, Amrita Nayak (21 October 2022). "'Development of Indigenous Deck Based Fighters to Replace Navy's MiG-29 Fleet on Track': ADA Official". News18. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  30. ↑ Philip, Snehesh Alex (25 August 2022). "Rafale or Super Hornets are 'interim arrangement' only, says Navy on mega fighter deal". ThePrint. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Peri, Dinakar (11 November 2022). "Twin engine carrier-based fighter for Navy could be inducted by 2031-32". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  32. ↑ Som, Vishnu (5 January 2020). "NDTV Exclusive: First Look At Futuristic Variant Of India's Tejas Fighter". NDTV. New Delhi. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  33. ↑ Kadidal, Akhil (3 November 2022). "Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion". Janes. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  34. ↑ Kadidal, Akhil (3 November 2022). "Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion". Janes. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  35. ↑ "Atma Nirbhar defence: Indigenous projects to look out for at Aero India 2021". The Week. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  36. ↑ "Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF)". ADA Official. Aero India. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  37. ↑ Kadidal, Akhil (3 November 2022). "Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion". Janes. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  38. ↑ Kadidal, Akhil (3 November 2022). "Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion". Janes. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  39. ↑ Kadidal, Akhil (3 November 2022). "Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion". Janes. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  40. ↑ Kadidal, Akhil (3 November 2022). "Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion". Janes. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  41. ↑ Kadidal, Akhil (3 November 2022). "Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion". Janes. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  42. ↑ Kadidal, Akhil (3 November 2022). "Design of India's naval fighter approaching preliminary completion". Janes. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
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