HAL Dhruv: Difference between revisions

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}

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| first flight = 20 August 1992<ref name= "Important Milestones">{{cite web |url= http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=69s3HPZPfI4zz/q8SP2vlw==&ParentID=XKXzQohnNlR8lLkeT6DXDw== |title=Equipment: Dhruv |publisher=Indian Army |access-date= 13 August 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141021144927/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=69s3HPZPfI4zz%2Fq8SP2vlw%3D%3D&ParentID=XKXzQohnNlR8lLkeT6DXDw%3D%3D |archive-date= 21 October 2014}}</ref>

| introduced = March 2002<ref name= jawa>{{cite book|first1= Paul |last1= Jackson |first2=Kenneth|last2=Munson|first3= Lindsay|last3=Peacock|title= Jane's All the World's Aircraft |year= 2004 |publisher= Jane's |location= Coulsdon |isbn= 0-71062614-2 |edition= 95th | issue = 2004–2005}}</ref>

| number built = 355 <ref name="bs-190122"/>

| developed into = [[HAL Light Combat Helicopter]] <br /> [[HAL Light Utility Helicopter]]

Naval testing on board {{INS|Viraat}} and other ships started in March 1998, and around the same time a weight-reduction programme was initiated.<ref name='dhruv janes'>{{cite web |url= http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-All-the-Worlds-Aircraft/HAL-Dhruv-India.html |title= HAL Dhruv (India), Aircraft – Rotary-wing – Civil/military |publisher= Jane's |date= 13 July 2011 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120503102628/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-All-the-Worlds-Aircraft/HAL-Dhruv-India.html |archive-date= 3 May 2012 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> However, further delays in development were caused when sanctions were implemented against India following a number of [[Pokhran-II]] nuclear tests in 1998 and India's continued refusal to sign the [[Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty]]. As a result, the intended engine for the helicopter, the [[LHTEC T800]], was [[embargo]]ed.<ref name= 'dhruv janes'/><ref name="dhruv paris buslin">{{cite web |url= http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2005/07/05/stories/2005070500361800.htm |title= Dhruv on wings at Paris |work= Business Line |date= 5 July 2005 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120922083548/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2005/07/05/stories/2005070500361800.htm |archive-date= 22 September 2012 |df= dmy-all |access-date= 13 August 2011 }}</ref> The [[Turbomeca]] TM 333-2B2 [[turboshaft]] engine was selected as a replacement; in addition Turbomeca agreed to co-develop a more powerful engine with HAL, originally known as the ''[[Safran Ardiden|Ardiden]]''.<ref name= 'flight152005'>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2005/02/15/193906/aero-india-hal-to-target-maritime-contract.html |title= Aero India – HAL to target maritime contract |work= Flight International |date= 15 February 2005}}</ref> Turbomeca also assisted in the development of the helicopter, stress analysis and studies of rotor dynamics were conducted in France.<ref>Standing Committee of Defence 2007, p. 24.</ref> The first flight of Dhruv with new engine variant, called the [[HAL/Turbomeca Shakti|''Shakti'']], took place on 16 August 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hal-india.com/dhruv-shakti.asp |title=Dhruvs with Shakti engine and weapons make maiden flight |publisher=HAL |access-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607100023/http://www.hal-india.com/dhruv-shakti.asp |archive-date=7 June 2011  }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/19/stories/2007071950150900.htm |title=Shakti-powered ALH to fly on August 1 |work=[[The Hindu]] |first=Ravi |last=Sharma |date=19 July 2007 |access-date=31 August 2010 |location=Chennai, India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019110353/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/19/stories/2007071950150900.htm |archive-date=19 October 2011  }}</ref>

The [[HAL Rudra]], earlier known as Dhruv-WSI (''Weapons Systems Integrated''), is an attack variant designed for the Indian Army.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/army-to-soon-get-indigenous-weaponised-chopper-advanced-light-helicopter-rudra/articleshow/9857201.cms |title= Army to soon get indigenous weaponised chopper Advanced Light Helicopter 'Rudra' |work= The Times of India |date= 5 September 2011 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171009040717/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/army-to-soon-get-indigenous-weaponised-chopper-advanced-light-helicopter-rudra/articleshow/9857201.cms |archive-date= 9 October 2017}}</ref> Development was sanctioned in December 1998<ref>Standing Committee of Defence 2007, p. 45.</ref> and the prototype first flew on 16 August 2007; it is to be armed with both anti-tank and anti-aircraft missiles, and a 20-mm turret-mounted cannon.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/17/stories/2007081762311700.htm |title= Weaponised version of Dhruv makes maiden flight |date= 17 August 2007 |location= Chennai, India |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121110125818/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/17/stories/2007081762311700.htm |work= [[The Hindu]] |archive-date= 10 November 2012}}</ref> The Dhruv-WSI is to be capable of conducting [[Close air support|combat air support]] (CAS) and [[anti-submarine warfare]] (ASW) roles as well.<ref>Standing Committee of Defence 2007, pp. 24–25.</ref> In addition to the Dhruv-WSI, HAL is also developing the [[HAL Light Combat Helicopter|Light Combat Helicopter]] (LCH) based on the Dhruv for the Indian Armed Forces. It is fitted with stub wings for carrying up to eight anti-armour missiles, four air-to-air missiles, or four pods loaded with either 70&nbsp;mm or 68&nbsp;mm rockets. The LCH will also have FLIR ([[Forward Looking Infrared]]), a CCD ([[Charge Coupled Device]]) camera, and a target acquisition system with laser rangefinder and thermal vision.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-24/bangalore/28317274_1_lch-light-combat-helicopter-pilot |title= Indigenous combat copter takes to skies |date= 24 May 2010 |access-date= 22 August 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160411224457/http://hal-india.com/Product_Details.aspx?Mkey=54&lKey=&CKey=63 |archive-date= 11 April 2016 |work= [[The Times of India]] |url-status= live }}</ref>

In 2005, following a crash landing of a Dhruv, the entire fleet was grounded when it was discovered to have been caused by excessive vibration of the tail rotor. Following a redesign which incorporated new materials in addition to changes in design methodology, the Dhruv undertook recertification and returned to service shortly after March 2006.<ref name="deccanchronicle.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article123595.ece |title=IAF's Dhruv helicopter crash-lands in Jaisalmer |work=The Hindu |date=27 February 2010 |location=Chennai, India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102092710/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article123595.ece |archive-date=2 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="outlookmar10">{{cite magazine |url= http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?369391 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130130232331/http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?369391 |url-status= dead |archive-date= 30 January 2013 |title= Dhruv to resume service soon |magazine= Outlook India |date= 10 March 2006 }}</ref> In April 2007, a report published by the Indian Committee of Defence noted the Dhruv as one of four "focus areas" identified as having high export potential.<ref>Standing Committee of Defence 2007, p. 71.</ref> In January 2011, HAL and partner [[Israel Aerospace Industries]] (IAI) announced that they were jointly developing the Dhruv to operate as an unmanned maritime helicopter, stating customer interest in such a feature.<ref name='flight201101'>{{cite web |first= Arie |last= Egozi |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/01/06/351501/iai-to-help-india-develop-unmanned-dhruv.html |title= IAI to help India develop unmanned Dhruv |work= Flight International |date= 6 January 2011 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110812151528/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/01/06/351501/iai-to-help-india-develop-unmanned-dhruv.html |archive-date= 12 August 2011}}</ref>

The first five production Dhruv Mk III, powered by the more powerful Shakti-1H engine, were delivered to the [[Leh]]-based 205 Aviation Squadron on 7 February 2011 during a ceremony at HAL's Helicopter Division.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shukla|first=Ajai|title=In Siachen, Dhruv proves a world-beater|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/in-siachen-dhruv-provesworld-beater/427533/|work=Business Standard|access-date=21 August 2011|date=7 March 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806070753/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/in-siachen-dhruv-provesworld-beater/427533/|archive-date=6 August 2011}}</ref> In July 2011, India's [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]] certified a Dhruv simulator developed by HAL and Canadian developer [[CAE Inc.|CAE Inc]]; the simulator is easily modifiable to simulate different variants of the Dhruv and other helicopters such as the [[Eurocopter Dauphin]].<ref>{{cite web |first= Greg |last= Waldron |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/07/12/357273/india-certifies-first-dhruv-simulator.html |title= India certifies first Dhruv simulator |work= Flight International |date= 12 July 2011 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110811165950/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/07/12/357273/india-certifies-first-dhruv-simulator.html |archive-date= 11 August 2011}}</ref> [[Defence Bioengineering and Electromedical Laboratory]] (DEBEL) has been developing an oxygen life-support system to improve the helicopter's high-altitude performance, and as of August 2010 the IAF has ordered development of this system for the Dhruv.<ref>{{cite magazine |first= Anantha |last= Kristnan M. |url= http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?id=news/awx/2010/08/13/awx_08_13_2010_p0-247830.xml&topicName=India |title= India Develops Oxygen System for High-Altitude Helo Flights |magazine= Aviation Week |date= 13 August 2010}}</ref>

In February 2012, HAL reported that the Indian Army had ordered a further 159.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/hal-making-159-dhruvs-for-indian-army/463354/ |title= HAL making 159 Dhruvs for Indian Army |work= Business Standard |date= 1 February 2012 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120206184522/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/hal-making-159-dhruvs-for-indian-army/463354/ |archive-date= 6 February 2012}}</ref>

The HAL Dhruv is of conventional design; about 29 percent of its empty weight (constituting 60 percent of the airframe's surface area) is composite materials.<ref name= "Brasseys99 p298">Taylor 1998, p. 298.</ref> It has been reported that the unique [[carbon fibre]] composite developed by HAL reduced the helicopter's weight by 50 percent.<ref name ="datta14"/> The high tail boom allows easy access to the rear doors. The twin 1000&nbsp;shp TurbunStink TM333-2B2 turboshafts are mounted above the cabin and drive a four-blade composite main rotor. The main rotor can be manually folded; the blades are mounted between carbon-fibre-reinforced plates, the rotor head is constructed from fibre elastomers.<ref name= "JAWA03 p185"/> In February 2004, US helicopter company [[Lord Corporation]] were awarded a contract to develop an active vibration control system (AVCS), which monitors onboard conditions and cancels out fuselage vibrations.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Lord wins Dhruv active vibration control deal |magazine=[[Flight International]] |issue=3–9 February 2004 |page=27 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-04%20-%200029.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105175033/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2004/2004-04%20-%200029.html |archive-date=5 November 2012}}</ref>

The cockpit section of the fuselage is of [[Kevlar]] and [[carbon-fibre]] construction; it is also fitted with [[crumple zone]]s and [[crashworthiness|crashworthy]] seats. The aircraft is equipped with a SFIM Inc four-axis automatic flight control system. Avionics systems include a HF/UHF communications radio, [[Identification friend or foe|IFF]] recognition, Doppler navigation, and a radio altimeter; a weather radar and the Omega navigation system were options for the naval variant.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempGaurdsOffHome.aspx?MnId=M1YqbUPxvIo=&ParentID=pt1+ZmXUE8Y= |title= Equipment: Dhruv |publisher= Indian Army |access-date=24 August 2011}}</ref> IAI has also developed targeting systems and an [[electronic warfare]] suite for the Dhruv, as well as avionics for day-and-night flight observation.<ref name= 'flight201101'/> HAL's claim that the Dhruv is indigenous has been challenged by [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]], who reported that as of August 2010 the helicopter was: "...against the envisaged indigenisation level of 50% (by 2008), 90% of the value of material used in each ALH is still imported from foreign suppliers".<ref>{{cite news |url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-06/india/28310212_1_alhs-advanced-light-helicopter-cag |title= Indigenous? Dhruv advanced light helicopters are '90% foreign' |date= 6 August 2010 |access-date= 24 August 2011 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120707021951/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-06/india/28310212_1_alhs-advanced-light-helicopter-cag |archive-date= 7 July 2012 |work= [[The Times of India]] |url-status= dead }}</ref>

The ALH Mk-III with new Shakti-1H engines has very good high altitude performance operating at altitudes over 6&nbsp;km. It comes with seating for 14 fully equipped troops. DGCA has praised its crashworthy design as a few accidents have not caused any fatalities.<ref name=ai15jae>{{cite web |author=Group Captain (Retd) Hari Nair |title=Lessons learnt from ALH Project |url=http://aeroindiaseminar.in/admin/technical/pdf/_1358752354PaperLessonslearntfromALHProject.pdf |publisher=Aero India |year=2013 |access-date=15 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207112036/http://aeroindiaseminar.in/admin/technical/pdf/_1358752354PaperLessonslearntfromALHProject.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2013}} [http://www.livefistdefence.com/2013/02/alh-dhruv-truth-first-hand.html alternate copy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713123514/http://www.livefistdefence.com/2013/02/alh-dhruv-truth-first-hand.html |date=13 July 2013 }}.</ref>

Deliveries of the Dhruv commenced in January 2002, nine years after the prototype's first flight, and nearly eighteen years after the program was initiated.<ref name= "JAWA03 p184"/> The [[Indian Coast Guard]] was the first service to operate the Dhruv; this was followed by the [[Indian Army]], [[Indian Navy]], [[Indian Air Force]] and the [[Border Security Force]]. 75 Dhruvs were delivered to the Indian armed forces by 2007, and as of 2008 it was planned to produce 40 helicopters annually.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3887 |title=Peru, Ecuador Place Orders for HAL Dhruv ALH Helicopters |publisher=India Defence |date=29 June 2008 |access-date=1 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110231608/http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3887 |archive-date=10 November 2011}}</ref> The [[Indian Air Force]]'s [[Sarang display team|Sarang]] aerobatic display team performs using 4 Dhruv helicopters.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-07-14/news/28441034_1_dhruv-helicopters-sarang-farnborough-air-show |title=Dhruv helicopter display in Farnborough Air Show |work=The Economic Times |date=14 July 2008 |access-date=21 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523190143/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-07-14/news/28441034_1_dhruv-helicopters-sarang-farnborough-air-show |archive-date=23 May 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2007, a further order for 166 helicopters was placed by the Indian Army.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ajai |last=Shukla |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=333870 |title=Light Combat Helicopter to fly soon: India's New Helicopters: Part II |date=9 September 2008 |work=Business Standard |access-date=21 August 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607083758/http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=333870 |archive-date=7 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/23/stories/2007122358280900.htm |title= HAL's Dhruv gets CCS approval |date= 23 December 2007 |location= Chennai, India |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121107053624/http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/23/stories/2007122358280900.htm |work= [[The Hindu]] |archive-date= 7 November 2012}}</ref> India may order up to 12 Dhruvs outfitted with an onboard emergency medical suite, to be used by the Armed Forces Medical Services for [[MEDEVAC]] purposes.<ref name= 'army ambulances'/>

The Dhruv is capable of flying at high altitudes, as it was an Army requirement for the helicopter to be able operate in the [[Siachen Glacier]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Kashmir]] regions. In September 2007, the Dhruv Mk.3 was cleared for high-altitude flying in the Siachen Sector after six months of trials.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070024815 "Dhruv helicopter set to fly in Siachen"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205233116/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070024815 |date=5 December 2007 }}, ''[[NDTV]]'', 3 September 2007</ref><ref>[http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-02-20/india/27883994_1_test-trials-dhruv-siachen "Dhruv clears trials to fly high in Siachen"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120630040309/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-02-20/india/27883994_1_test-trials-dhruv-siachen |date=30 June 2012 }}, ''[[The Times of India]]'', 20 February 2007. Retrieved 8 October 2007.</ref> In October 2007, a Dhruv Mk.3 flew to an altitude of {{convert|27500|ft|m}} [[Above sea level|ASL]] in Siachen.<ref>[http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-10-08/bangalore/27974986_1_pilots-icy-winds-altitude "Bangalore ALH pilots fly high"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120630040304/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-10-08/bangalore/27974986_1_pilots-icy-winds-altitude |date=30 June 2012 }}, ''The Times of India'', 8 October 2007.</ref> An Indian Army report in 2009 criticised the Dhruv's performance, stating: ''"The ALH was not able to fly above 5,000m, though the army's requirements stipulated an ability to fly up to 6,500m"''; this has been blamed on the TM333 engine. As a consequence the Army had to continue relying on the older Cheetah/Cheetal helicopters to meet the shortfall.<ref>{{cite web |first= Radhakrishna |last= Rao |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/07/15/329681/indian-report-slams-performance-of-hals-dhruv-helicopter.html |title= Indian report slams performance of HAL's Dhruv helicopter |work= Flight International |date= 15 July 2009 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090718153700/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/07/15/329681/indian-report-slams-performance-of-hals-dhruv-helicopter.html |archive-date= 18 July 2009}}</ref> The more powerful Shakti-1H engine has since been introduced on the Dhruv Mk.3; on one test it carried 600&nbsp;kg load to Sonam Post against the Army's requirement of 200&nbsp;kg.<ref>{{cite news |first= Ajai |last= Shukla |url= http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/in-siachen-dhruv-provesworld-beater/427533/ |title= In Siachen, Dhruv proves a world-beater |work= Business Standard |date= 7 March 2011 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110806070753/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/in-siachen-dhruv-provesworld-beater/427533/ |archive-date= 6 August 2011}}</ref> The Indian Army received the first batch of Dhruv Mk.3s during [[Aero India]] 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army-technology.com/projects/dhruv/|title=Dhruv Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) – Army Technology|access-date=6 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204738/http://www.army-technology.com/projects/dhruv/|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>

In October 2008, Defence Minister [[A. K. Antony]] announced that the Indian Navy will deploy the Dhruv in the utility role. The proposed anti-submarine warfare (ASW) variant had been deemed unsuitable by the Navy, which was reportedly dissatisfied with the folding blade performance and maintenance record.<ref name="flight132007">{{cite web |first= Siva |last= Govindasamy |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/11/13/219256/indian-navy-opens-up-utility-helicopter-requirement.html |title= Indian navy opens up utility helicopter requirement |work= Flight International |date= 13 November 2007 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080629234825/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/11/13/219256/indian-navy-opens-up-utility-helicopter-requirement.html |archive-date= 29 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/Nation/2008-10-22/478115news.html |title=Navy has not rejected Dhruv: Defence Minister |publisher=Zeenews.com |date=22 October 2008 |access-date=21 August 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927061720/http://zeenews.india.com/Nation/2008-10-22/478115news.html |archive-date=27 September 2012}}</ref> In 2015, HAL modified the foldable rotor's design to allow the Dhruv to be carried on board light frigates; several Indian Navy helicopters shall receive this modification.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenseworld.net/news/14062/Indian_Naval_Helicopter_ALH_Dhruv_Gets_Foldable_Rotors#.Vfl3w31GR94|title=Indian Naval Helicopter ALH Dhruv Gets Foldable Rotors|work=defenseworld.net|access-date=25 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160906152909/http://www.defenseworld.net/news/14062/Indian_Naval_Helicopter_ALH_Dhruv_Gets_Foldable_Rotors#.Vfl3w31GR94|archive-date=6 September 2016}}</ref> The Navy has considered the Dhruv for maritime surveillance and search and rescue roles,<ref>Sakhuja 2011, p. 106.</ref> and in 2008 a senior Navy official said: ''"The ALH has a long way to go before the programme matures sufficiently for it to undertake basic naval roles such as search and rescue (SAR) and communication duties."''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317015.aspx |title= Navy plans to ditch Dhruv helicopters |work= Hindustan Times |date= 12 June 2008 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121022184725/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/317015.aspx |archive-date= 22 October 2012}}</ref> In 2013, the Indian Navy was reportedly interested in the [[HAL Rudra]], the armed version of the Dhruv.<ref name=weaponised_Dhruv>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/navy-keen-on-weaponised-dhruv/article4401783.ece|title=Navy keen on weaponised Dhruv|author=S. Anandan|work=The Hindu|date=11 February 2013|access-date=6 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520063346/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/navy-keen-on-weaponised-dhruv/article4401783.ece|archive-date=20 May 2014}}</ref> On 12 November 2013, the Indian Navy commissioned their first Dhruv squadron ([[INAS 322]], Guardians); Vice Admiral Sinha stated that "In the Navy, Dhruv helicopters had transformed into an advanced search and rescue (SAR) helicopter, which is also used for missions like heliborne operations, and armed patrol with night vision devices".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/ALH-squadron-adds-to-Navys-fire-power/2013/11/13/article1887731.ece|title=ALH squadron adds to Navy's fire power|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=6 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228100350/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/ALH-squadron-adds-to-Navys-fire-power/2013/11/13/article1887731.ece|archive-date=28 December 2014}}</ref>

Civil Dhruv variants are produced for transport, rescue, policing, offshore operations, air-ambulance, and other roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hal-india.com/helicopter/products.asp|title=Our Products|work=Helicopter Division Bangalore|publisher=HAL|access-date=31 August 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014004902/http://www.hal-india.com/helicopter/products.asp|archive-date=14 October 2008}}</ref> The [[National Disaster Management Authority (India)|National Disaster Management Authority]] (NDMA) placed an order for 12 Dhruv helicopters equipped with a full medical suite, including ventilators and two stretchers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/Jan202007/state149362007120.asp|title=NDMA to get 12 ALHs|work=Deccan Herald|date=20 January 2007|access-date=21 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004205958/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/Jan202007/state149362007120.asp|archive-date=4 October 2012}}</ref> In 2008, it was announced that India's [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Home Ministry]] had ordered six Dhruvs.<ref name= "mail.hal-india.com">{{cite web|last=Pubby|first=Manu|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/india-bags-20-mn-helicopter-contract/346844/|title=India bags $20 mn helicopter contract|work=The Indian Express|access-date=21 August 2011|date=10 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019130659/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/india-bags-20-mn-helicopter-contract/346844|archive-date=19 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]] are to use the Dhruv for offshore operations. Several Indian state governments are to use Dhruvs for police and transportation duties.<ref name='army ambulances'>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/hal-likely-to-get-rs-420-crore-order-for-air-ambulances/294869/ |first1=Bibhu Ranjan |last1=Mishra |first2=Praveen |last2=Bose |title=HAL likely to get Rs 420 crore order for air ambulances |work=Business Standard |date=17 August 2007 |access-date=21 August 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014080016/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/hal-likely-to-get-rs-420-crore-order-for-air-ambulances/294869/ |archive-date=14 October 2012}}</ref> In March 2011, India's Directorate General of Civil Aviation released a proposed airworthiness directive asking all civilian Dhruv operators to temporarily ground their aircraft due to cracks potentially forming in the tail area, and recommended reinforcing affected areas.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:PkNqoKJmEMIJ:www.dgca.nic.in/AD/PAD%252011-003.pdf+Dhruv+IGB&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESggGy77S54H6w3bNyHh63KEDMIVALM5N8Pt-BF-ss0EEhpY816kfuqpp5fnN7O4turdhT4caX-RwjZYDa9R_wU4_qS6N7Rr1aNYgi_RGK8JmLf3c13axtWo0szGWk9sYmbB6rJp&sig=AHIEtbQ4TFRpN720p_-52GERxm7lBrof8w |title= Proposed Airworthiness Directive |publisher= Directorate General of Civil Aviation |date= 22 March 2011 |access-date= 28 June 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140308082202/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache%3APkNqoKJmEMIJ%3Awww.dgca.nic.in%2FAD%2FPAD%252011-003.pdf+Dhruv+IGB&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESggGy77S54H6w3bNyHh63KEDMIVALM5N8Pt-BF-ss0EEhpY816kfuqpp5fnN7O4turdhT4caX-RwjZYDa9R_wU4_qS6N7Rr1aNYgi_RGK8JmLf3c13axtWo0szGWk9sYmbB6rJp&sig=AHIEtbQ4TFRpN720p_-52GERxm7lBrof8w |archive-date= 8 March 2014 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |first= Anantha |last= Kristnan M. |url= http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story.jsp?id=news/awx/2011/03/24/awx_03_24_2011_p0-301183.xml&channel=comm |title= India DGCA wants all Dhruv Civil Variants Inspected |magazine= Aviation Week |date= 24 March 2011}}</ref>

Following the [[2011 Sikkim earthquake]], four Dhruvs conducted rescue operations.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/earthquake-in-sikkim-over-5000-troops-9-choppers-dispatched-to-quake-hit-areas/articleshow/10038511.cms |title= Earthquake in Sikkim: Over 5,000 troops, 9 choppers dispatched to quake-hit areas |work= The Economic Times |date= 19 September 2011 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171002125356/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/earthquake-in-sikkim-over-5000-troops-9-choppers-dispatched-to-quake-hit-areas/articleshow/10038511.cms |archive-date= 2 October 2017}}</ref> In October 2011, Jharkhand's regional government appealed for [[Mil Mi-17]] helicopters as operations of their Dhruvs had been disrupted by prolonged maintenance delays and a major crash.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://telegraphindia.com/1111022/jsp/frontpage/story_14653990.jsp |title= State copter out of action, pilots idle – On 9-month upkeep break |publisher= Telegraph India |date= 22 October 2011 |location= Calcutta, India |first= Amit |last= Gupta |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111025103938/http://telegraphindia.com/1111022/jsp/frontpage/story_14653990.jsp |archive-date= 25 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111020/jsp/frontpage/story_14645424.jsp |title= SOS to Centre for MI-17s |work= Indian Telegraph|date= 19 October 2011 |location= Calcutta, India |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151141/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111020/jsp/frontpage/story_14645424.jsp |archive-date= 24 September 2015}}</ref> In October 2011, The Telegraph reported that a spate of helicopter crashes, including the Dhruv, were alleged to have been caused by low quality maintenance work performed by Pawan Hans Helicopters Ltd.<ref>{{cite news |first= Nishit |last= Dholabhai |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111021/jsp/frontpage/story_14650522.jsp |title= Glare on chopper operator – Pawan Hans-run copters involved in six accidents this year |work= Indian Telegraph|date= 20 October 2011 |location= Calcutta, India |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111024054132/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111021/jsp/frontpage/story_14650522.jsp |archive-date= 24 October 2011}}</ref> In February 2012, the Home Ministry reported that the Dhruv remained grounded and that other helicopters such as the Mi-17 were being [[wet-lease]]d in its place and that in the long term the Dhruv fleet is to be replaced.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/MHA-plans-to-buy-wet-lease-choppers-as-Dhruv-fleet-grounded/Article1-805127.aspx |title= MHA plans to buy, wet-lease choppers as Dhruv fleet grounded |work= Hindustan Times |date= 1 February 2012 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120201212550/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/MHA-plans-to-buy-wet-lease-choppers-as-Dhruv-fleet-grounded/Article1-805127.aspx |archive-date= 1 February 2012}}</ref>

Six Army Dhruvs along with 18 Air Force Dhruvs were used during rescue operations after the [[2013 North India floods]]. Their compact size, agility, ability to carry up to 16 people to heights of 10,000 feet, and to evacuate stranded people from inaccessible regions was praised.<ref name=tniex17j13>{{cite news|title=Happy hours in HAL over Dhruv's Char Dham Op|url=http://newindianexpress.com/nation/Happy-hours-in-HAL-over-Dhruv%E2%80%99s-Char-Dham-Op/2013/07/17/article1687404.ece|access-date=17 July 2013|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=17 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213052225/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Happy-hours-in-HAL-over-Dhruv%E2%80%99s-Char-Dham-Op/2013/07/17/article1687404.ece|archive-date=13 December 2013}}</ref><ref name=thin20j>{{cite news|title=Dhruv helicopters fly high in Uttarakhand|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dhruv-helicopters-fly-high-in-uttarakhand/article4833766.ece|access-date=5 July 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=20 June 2013|location=Chennai, India|first=Vinay|last=Kumar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627103735/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dhruv-helicopters-fly-high-in-uttarakhand/article4833766.ece|archive-date=27 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=ndtv4j>{{cite news|title=How brave, tireless pilots fought to give Uttarakhand a sheltering sky|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/how-brave-tireless-pilots-fought-to-give-uttarakhand-a-sheltering-sky-387980|access-date=5 July 2013|newspaper=NDTV|date=4 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707092708/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/how-brave-tireless-pilots-fought-to-give-uttarakhand-a-sheltering-sky-387980|archive-date=7 July 2013}}</ref> The Dhruv could carry more people from high-altitude helipads than the heavier [[Mi-17]], and land where the lighter [[Bell 407]] could not. Total flight time during [[Operation Rahat]] and [[Operation Surya Hope]] was 630 hours, of which 550 hours were dedicated to [[Search and rescue|SAR]] missions.<ref name=tniex17j13 /><ref name=tt14j13>{{cite news|title=Dhruv delivers but doubters persist Copter comes good in hills|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130715/jsp/nation/story_17118169.jsp#.UeOAgI0wemo|access-date=15 July 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=14 July 2013|location=Calcutta, India|first1=Sujan|last1=Dutta|first2=Nishit|last2=Dholabhai|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718090524/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130715/jsp/nation/story_17118169.jsp#.UeOAgI0wemo|archive-date=18 July 2013}}</ref>

In January 2014, the [[Geological Survey of India]] (GSI) inducted a Dhruv equipped with a heliborne geophysical survey system (HGSS). Costing {{INRConvert|63|c|0}}, the HGSS can conduct magnetic, spectrometric and gravity surveys.<ref name=bs23j14>{{cite news|title=Advanced light helicopter 'Garuda Vasudha' dedicated to nation|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/advanced-light-helicopter-garuda-vasudha-dedicated-to-nation-114012200988_1.html|access-date=23 January 2014|newspaper=Business Standard|date=23 January 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127020342/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/advanced-light-helicopter-garuda-vasudha-dedicated-to-nation-114012200988_1.html|archive-date=27 January 2014}}</ref><ref name=dh23j14>{{cite news|title=Garuda Vasudha to detect deep-seated mineral deposits in the country|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/382226/garuda-vasudha-detect-deep-seated.html|access-date=23 January 2014|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=23 January 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126131230/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/382226/garuda-vasudha-detect-deep-seated.html|archive-date=26 January 2014}}</ref><ref name=thin23j14>{{cite news|title=HAL copter to add teeth to GSI mineral search|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/hal-copter-to-add-teeth-to-gsi-mineral-search/article5607935.ece|access-date=23 January 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 January 2014|location=Chennai, India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130083359/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/hal-copter-to-add-teeth-to-gsi-mineral-search/article5607935.ece|archive-date=30 January 2014}}</ref> In March 2017, HAL received an order for 32 Dhruv for [[Indian Navy]] and [[Indian Coast Guard]]. This was followed by an order of 41 helicopters for [[Indian Army]] and [[Indian Navy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hal-india.com/HAL%20Gets%20Orders%20for%2041%20Advanced%20Light%20Helicopters/ND__206|title=Media Releases|website=www.hal-india.com|access-date=4 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904195628/http://www.hal-india.com/HAL%20Gets%20Orders%20for%2041%20Advanced%20Light%20Helicopters/ND__206|archive-date=4 September 2017}}</ref> In May 2018, Israel Aerospace Industries was awarded a contract to upgrade cockpits of 150 Dhruv helicopters, in addition to 50 that had been contracted earlier.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Egozi |first1=Arie |title=India expands Dhruv cockpit upgrade |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/india-expands-dhruv-cockpit-upgrade-448215/ |work=Flightglobal.com |date=1 May 2018 |access-date=9 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140609/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/india-expands-dhruv-cockpit-upgrade-448215/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

There have been 16 accidents involving the Dhruv Helicopters (ALH) ever since the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited began producing them in 2002; the Indian government reported Parliament on 8 March 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2016-03-08|title=16 accidents involving Dhruv helicopters since 2002|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/16-accidents-involving-dhruv-helicopters-since-2002-parliament-told/article8327755.ece|access-date=2021-08-04|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> On 8 August 2021, the Indian Army’s HAL Dhruv helicopter crashed into the water near Ranjit Sagar Dam.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-03|title=Helmets, I-card recovered from Army chopper crash site, pilots missing|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/helmets-i-card-recovered-from-army-chopper-crash-site-pilots-missing-101628005351709.html|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=Incident HAL Dhruv , 03 Aug 2021|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?save&id=266277&fbclid=IwAR0fxlTCSbLqDeOvwvEEkD5XwkckdV20q3b8LJgKtO0HdklxsrwFRyxHBlc|access-date=2021-08-04|website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> On 25 January 25, 2021, the Indian Army’s Druv helicopter crashed in Kathua district’s Lakhanpur near Jammu and Kashmir-Punjab border killing one of the pilots.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-25|title=1 pilot killed, another seriously injured as Army helicopter crash lands in J-K|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-army-helicopter-crash-lands-in-j-k-both-pilots-injured-101611585328788.html|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=JammuJanuary 25|first1=Sunil Bhat|last2=January 25|first2=2021UPDATED|last3=Ist|first3=2021 23:37|title=Indian Army helicopter crashes in J&K's Kathua district, 1 pilot dead, another critical|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-army-helicopter-hal-dhruv-crash-jammu-kashmir-kathua-updates-1762650-2021-01-25|access-date=2021-08-04|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

The Dhruv has become the first major Indian weapons system to have secured large foreign sales. In 2004 HAL stated that it hoped to sell 120 Dhruvs over the next eight years,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.digitaltoday.in/indiatoday/20050214/defence.html|first1=Sandeep|last1=Unnithan|title=Getting A Boost|work=India Today|date=14 February 2004|access-date=21 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822045007/http://archives.digitaltoday.in/indiatoday/20050214/defence.html|archive-date=22 August 2011}}</ref> and has been displaying the Dhruv at airshows, including [[Farnborough Airshow|Farnborough]] and [[Paris Air Show|Paris]] in order to market the Dhruv.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050617/nation.htm#1|title=Dhruv, IJT attract buyers in Paris|first=Jangveer|last=Singh|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|date=17 June 2005|access-date=21 August 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611055501/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050617/nation.htm#1|archive-date=11 June 2011}}</ref> HAL has entered into a partnership with Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) to develop and promote the Dhruv, IAI has also helped develop new avionics and a [[glass cockpit]] for newer variants of the Dhruv.<ref name= 'Singh 536'>Singh 2008, p. 536.</ref>

With a unit price at least 15 percent less than its rivals, the Dhruv has elicited interest in many countries, mostly from Latin America, Africa, West Asia, South East Asia and the Pacific Rim nations. Air forces from around 35 countries have made inquiries, along with requests for demonstrations.<ref name="Huma">{{cite web|first=Huma|last=Siddiqui|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/HAL-on-a-Dhruv-ride-in-LatAm/335468/0|title=HAL on a Dhruv ride in LatAm|work=The Financial Express|date=15 July 2008|access-date=21 August 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716052247/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/HAL-on-a-Dhruv-ride-in-LatAm/335468/0|archive-date=16 July 2014}}</ref> Flight certification for Europe and North America is also being planned in order to tap the large civilian market there.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/drdo-looks-beyond-hal-for-tejas-production/429598/ |title=DRDO looks beyond HAL for Tejas production |work=Business Standard |date=24 March 2011 |access-date=21 August 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223110050/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/drdo-looks-beyond-hal-for-tejas-production/429598/ |archive-date=23 December 2011|last1=Shukla |first1=Ajai }}</ref>

HAL has secured an order from the [[Ecuadorian Air Force]] (EAF) for seven Dhruvs, amidst strong competition from [[Elbit]], [[Eurocopter]] and [[Kazan Helicopters|Kazan]]. HAL's offer of {{USD}}50.7 million was about 32 percent lower than the second lowest bid from Elbit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=39794 |title=HAL Bags Order from Ecuador |publisher=Pib.nic.in |access-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605225919/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=39794 |archive-date=5 June 2011}}</ref> 5 helicopters were delivered in February 2009, during Aero India 2009.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/hal-to-hand-over-first-export-dhruvs/00/24/348441/ |title=HAL to hand over first export Dhruvs |work=Business Standard |date=9 February 2009 |access-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316112133/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/hal-to-hand-over-first-export-dhruvs/00/24/348441 |archive-date=16 March 2010|last1=Shukla |first1=Ajai }}</ref> Both the [[Ecuadorian Army]] and [[Ecuadorian Navy]] have since expressed interest in the Dhruvs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3887 |title=Ecuador Place Orders for HAL Dhruv ALH Helicopters |publisher=Indian Defence |access-date=13 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110231608/http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3887 |archive-date=10 November 2011}}</ref> The Dhruv has been involved in search and rescue, transport, and [[MEDEVAC]] missions in the north of the country.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.elcomercio.com/seguridad/FAE-defiende-helicopteros-Dhruv_0_526147479.html |title= La FAE defiende a los helicópteros Dhruv |publisher= Elcomercio.com |date= 29 July 2011 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111015020734/http://elcomercio.com/seguridad/FAE-defiende-helicopteros-Dhruv_0_526147479.html |archive-date= 15 October 2011}}</ref>

Following the crash of one of the Dhruvs in October 2009, Ecuador reportedly considered returning their six helicopters to HAL amid claims of being unfit for service;<ref>{{cite web |url= http://news.oneindia.in/2009/10/30/ecuador-to-return-6-indian-dhruv-choppers.html |title= Ecuador to return 6 Indian Dhruv choppers |publisher= OneIndia News |date= 30 October 2009 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121013193744/http://news.oneindia.in/2009/10/30/ecuador-to-return-6-indian-dhruv-choppers.html |archive-date= 13 October 2012}}</ref> EAF commander Genl. Rodrigo Bohorquez stated ''"If it is a major problem that can't be easily remedied, we would have to return [the Dhruv]."'' HAL assisted the crash investigation, which found the cause to be pilot error.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article65330.ece |title= Probe finds pilot error caused Dhruv crash in Ecuador |work= The Hindu |date= 15 December 2009 |location= Chennai, India |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121102232308/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article65330.ece |archive-date= 2 November 2012}}</ref> In February 2011, the EAF were reported to be satisfied with the Dhruv's performance and was considering further orders.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/hal-plans-treat-for-aero-india/424032/ |title= HAL plans treat for Aero India |work= Business Standard |date= 4 February 2011 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110205081443/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/hal-plans-treat-for-aero-india/424032/ |archive-date= 5 February 2011|last1= Shukla |first1= Ajai }}</ref> By October 2015, a total of four Ecuadorian Dhruvs had crashed reportedly due to mechanical equipment and Ecuador grounded the type.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/506736/ecuador-grounds-fleet-dhruv-choppers.html "Ecuador grounds fleet of Dhruv choppers after mishaps, cancels contract with HAL."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017112350/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/506736/ecuador-grounds-fleet-dhruv-choppers.html |date=17 October 2015 }} ''Deccan Herald'', 16 October 2015.</ref> In October 2015 Ecuador cancelled the contract and withdrew the surviving helicopters from service, non-delivery of parts and high accident rate were cited.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ecuador-cuts-Dhruv-helicopter-contract-with-HAL-after-4-crashes/articleshow/49403144.cms|title=Ecuador cuts Dhruv helicopter contract with HAL after 4 crashes|newspaper=The Times of India|date=16 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206081615/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ecuador-cuts-Dhruv-helicopter-contract-with-HAL-after-4-crashes/articleshow/49403144.cms|archive-date=6 February 2016}}</ref> In 2016, the Ecuadorian Minister of Defence [[Ricardo Patiño]] announced that the remainder of the HAL Dhruv helicopters of the Ecuadorian Air Force, which are stored at the Guayaquil Air Base are for sale and that the Air Force is looking for potential buyers.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rivas|first1=Santiago|title=Ecuadorian Air Force selling its remaining Dhruv helicopters|url=http://www.janes.com/article/64845/|website=IHS Jane's 360|access-date=22 October 2016|location=Buenos Aires, Argentina|language=en|date=21 October 2016}}</ref> The Government of Ecuador had unilaterally terminated the contract with HAL citing safety concerns of the helicopters.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2016-03-08|title=16 accidents involving Dhruv helicopters since 2002|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/16-accidents-involving-dhruv-helicopters-since-2002-parliament-told/article8327755.ece|access-date=2021-08-04|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The Dhruv participated in a Chilean tender for eight to ten twin-engined helicopters, conducting a series of evaluation flights to demonstrate the capabilities of its avionics and flight performance; however, it lost out to the [[Bell 412]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2007/12/10/daily19.html |title=Chile inks contract with Bell for 412 |newspaper=Dallas Business Journal |date=12 December 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103030455/http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2007/12/10/daily19.html |archive-date=3 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.iai.co.il/23048-32414-en/MediaRoom_NewsArchives_2004.aspx?PageNum=2 |title= Indian Dhruv Advanced Light Helicopters Demonstrated to Chilean Air Force, Army, and Naval Aviation units |publisher= Israel Aerospace Industries |date= 25 July 2004 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120323163032/http://www.iai.co.il/23048-32414-en/MediaRoom_NewsArchives_2004.aspx?PageNum=2 |archive-date= 23 March 2012}}</ref> although there were media accusations of unfair pressure being exercised by the US Government to favour Bell.<ref name= "Huma" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://article.wn.com/view/2008/05/04/US_pressure_robs_chopper_order_from_Hindustan_Aeronautics/ |title=US pressure robs chopper order from Hindustan Aeronautics |work=The India Times |date=4 May 2008 |access-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330053119/http://article.wn.com/view/2008/05/04/US_pressure_robs_chopper_order_from_Hindustan_Aeronautics/ |archive-date=30 March 2012}}</ref>

In June 2008, the government of [[Peru]] ordered two [[air ambulance]] Dhruvs for use by the Peruvian health services.<ref name='peruorder'>{{cite news |url= http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/hal-secures-copter-order-peru/326924/ |title= HAL secures copter order from Peru |author= Bose, Praveen and Ravi Menon |work= Business Standard |date= 24 June 2008 |access-date= 26 August 2011 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121014112023/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/hal-secures-copter-order-peru/326924/ |archive-date= 14 October 2012}}</ref> HAL has reportedly been negotiating with Bolivia for five Dhruvs; and with Venezuela for up to seven.<ref name= "dhruv sale"/>

A civilian Dhruv was leased to the [[Israeli Defense Ministry]] in 2004; IAI has also made use of the Defense Ministry's Dhruv for marketing and public relations purposes.<ref name ="datta14">Datta 2008, p. 14.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/844905841.html?dids=844905841:844905841&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=May+26%2C+2005&author=ARIEH+O'SULLIVAN&pub=Jerusalem+Post&desc=Defense+Ministry+leases+Indian-made+chopper+to+ferry+VIPs&pqatl=google |title= Defense Ministry leases Indian-made chopper to ferry VIPs |first= Arieh |last= O'Sullivan |work= The Jerusalem Post |date= 26 May 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first= Rakesha |last= Sinha |url= http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/61078/ |title= Dhruv to spread wings in Israel fleet this January |work= The Indian Express |date= 18 December 2004}}</ref> In July 2006, Air Force Commander of India [[Shashindra Pal Tyagi]] commented that India would purchase as many as 80 [[Mil Mi-17|Mi-17]] helicopters if Russia in turn bought Dhruv helicopters in exchange.<ref>{{cite web |first= Alexandra |last= Gritskova |url= http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/9768842 |title= Military Cooperation, Russian MI-17 to Land in India |publisher= Kommersant |date= 11 July 2006 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120330104450/http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/9768842 |archive-date= 30 March 2012}}</ref>

In early 2004, the first foreign order for the Dhruv was placed by [[Nepal]] for two examples.<ref>India to sell 2 Advanced Light Helicopters to Nepal. ''Islamic Republic News Agency'', 11 February 2004.</ref> In August 2008, a deal was reportedly finalised with [[Turkey]] for three Dhruvs for {{USD}}20 million, with plans to buy as many as 17 of the helicopters for use in the medical assistance role.<ref name="dhruv sale">{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?tp=on&autono=42237 |title=HAL in negotiations with S American countries |work=Business Standard |date=16 July 2008 |access-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217010712/http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?tp=on&autono=42237 |archive-date=17 December 2009}}</ref><ref name="Indian Express-1">Pubby, Manu. [http://www.indianexpress.com/news/india-bags-20-mn-helicopter-contract/346844/ "India bags $20 mn helicopter contract"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118033201/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/india-bags-20-mn-helicopter-contract/346844/ |date=18 January 2011 }}. ''The Indian Express''. (online edition). 10 August 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008.</ref> The Dhruv has also been offered to Malaysia,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/12/24/stories/2004122401440700.htm |title=HAL hopes to see Dhruv copters on Malaysian shopping list |work=Business Line |date=24 December 2004 |access-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810201827/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/12/24/stories/2004122401440700.htm |archive-date=10 August 2011}}</ref> while it is also being evaluated by the Indonesian Army.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14854661 |title=HAL aircraft to fly in Ecuador skies |publisher=Sify.com |date=11 February 2009 |access-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214182116/http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14854661 |archive-date=14 February 2009}}</ref>

In 2007, [[Amnesty International]] stated it possessed evidence that India planned to transfer two Dhruvs to [[Burma]], and pointed to the use of European-sourced components as a possible violation of the [[European Union]] (EU) arms embargo against that country.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6900052.stm#map "'Threat' to EU-Burma embargo"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411061922/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6900052.stm |date=11 April 2011 }}, ''[[BBC News]], 16 July 2007. Retrieved 8 October 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,COUNTRYREP,IND,,46a75e132,0.html "Indian helicopters for Myanmar: making a mockery of the EU arms embargo?".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019172119/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,COUNTRYREP,IND,,46a75e132,0.html |date=19 October 2012 }} [[Amnesty International]], 16 July 2007.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071006201718/http://www.amnesty-eu.org/static/documents/2007/B689India_arms_sales_to_Myanmar.pdf Letter to the President of the EU Council of Ministers]</ref> The Indian government disputed Amnesty's claims and denied any wrongdoing.<ref>''Taipei Times'', p. 5, 17 July 2007. Quote: A government source who asked not to be named, denied any wrongdoing and said India "does not attach much credence to reports by Amnesty International. India does give defense hardware support to Myanmar but the equipment is not offensive ... and not top of the line technology," said the source, asserting that Myanmar was helping in the battle against insurgents in India's northeast. Another Indian official, who also spoke on condition of anonymity, said that the technology concerned was for communications only and not for offensive operations.</ref>

In April 2010, the Indian Navy gifted a Dhruv to the [[Maldives National Defence Force]] for conducting search and rescue and medical evacuation,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://airforcenews.ru/play/bFHv1t0oPno/MALDIVES_RECEIVES_IT%2527S_DHRUV_HELICOPTER_%252C_GIVEN_BY_INDIAN_GOVT..html | title = HAL Dhru to Maldives | publisher = airforcenews.ru | access-date = 13 August 2011 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120331002038/http://airforcenews.ru/play/bFHv1t0oPno/MALDIVES_RECEIVES_IT%27S_DHRUV_HELICOPTER_%2C_GIVEN_BY_INDIAN_GOVT..html | archive-date = 31 March 2012}}</ref> while a second Mk.III equipped with a [[weather radar]] was donated in December 2013. The first helicopter is based at [[Addu Atoll]] and the second will be based at [[Hanimaadhoo (Haa Dhaalu Atoll)|Hanimaadhoo]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/india-donates-second-naval-advanced-light-helicopter-to-maldives/article5461654.ece |title= India donates second naval Advanced Light Helicopter to Maldives |work= thehindu|access-date= 3 September 2014 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131215044518/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/india-donates-second-naval-advanced-light-helicopter-to-maldives/article5461654.ece |archive-date= 15 December 2013}}</ref>

;Mk.3:An improved version equipped with Shakti-1H engines, new electronic warfare (EW) suite and warning systems, automatic chaff and flare dispensers, and improved vibration control system.<ref name= "mk.3">{{cite web|url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story.jsp?id=news/awx/2011/03/07/awx_03_07_2011_p0-294228.xml&channel=defense |title=HAL To Deliver More Dhruv Mk. 3 Helicopters |publisher=Aviation week |date=7 March 2011 |access-date=6 September 2011}}</ref> The first batch were inducted into service in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.defencenow.com/news/509/dhruv-mkiii-inducted-into-indian-air-force.html |title= Dhruv MkIII Inducted into Indian Air Force |publisher= DefenceNow |date= 9 February 2012 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120212115853/http://www.defencenow.com/news/509/dhruv-mkiii-inducted-into-indian-air-force.html |archive-date= 12 February 2012}}</ref>

;Mk.4: Also known as Dhruv-WSI (Weapons System Integrated) or [[HAL Rudra]]<ref>{{cite news|title=YEAR-END REVIEW – 2010 DRDO|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=68740|access-date=31 July 2012|newspaper=Press Information Bureau|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215063516/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=68740|archive-date=15 December 2012}}</ref><ref>Hirschberg 2011, p. 51.</ref>

* [[Indian Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/108161/world-air-forces-2014.pdf|title=World Air Forces 2014|year=2014|publisher=Flightglobal Insight|access-date=5 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225081256/http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/108161/world-air-forces-2014.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2013}}</ref>

* [[Border Security Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/2009/05/20163444/BSF-gets-Rs360-crore-for-raisi.html?h=B |title=BSF gets Rs 360 crore for raising 29 new battalions |publisher=Livemint.com |date=20 May 2009 |access-date=31 August 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606210600/http://www.livemint.com/2009/05/20163444/BSF-gets-Rs360-crore-for-raisi.html?h=B |archive-date=6 June 2009}}</ref>

* [[Ministry of Defense (Israel)|Ministry of Defense]] - one leased in 2007<ref>{{cite web |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Israeli-MOD-Inducts-Dhruv/articleshow/2333038.cms |title= Israeli MOD Inducts Dhruv |publisher= indiatimes.com |access-date= 3 September 2014 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151107054323/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Israeli-MOD-Inducts-Dhruv/articleshow/2333038.cms |archive-date= 7 November 2015}}</ref>

* [[Mauritius Police Force]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://helihub.com/tag/News+maurituis/|title=Mauritius Police's new Dhruv arrives from India|publisher=helihub.com|access-date=12 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325091233/http://helihub.com/tag/news%2Bmaurituis/|archive-date=25 March 2016}}</ref>

* [[Ecuadorian Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2014" /> (former operator) withdrawn from service in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ecuador-cuts-Dhruv-helicopter-contract-with-HAL-after-4-crashes/articleshow/49403144.cms|title=Ecuador cuts Dhruv helicopter contract with HAL after 4 crashes|website=The Times of India|access-date=31 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206081615/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ecuador-cuts-Dhruv-helicopter-contract-with-HAL-after-4-crashes/articleshow/49403144.cms|archive-date=6 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ecuador-cancels-deal-with-HAL-for-crash-prone-Dhruv/articleshow/49425469.cms|title=Ecuador cancels deal with HAL for 'crash-prone' Dhruv|website=The Times of India|access-date=31 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207104122/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ecuador-cancels-deal-with-HAL-for-crash-prone-Dhruv/articleshow/49425469.cms|archive-date=7 February 2016}}</ref>

* [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]]<ref name="HAL dhruv gets ccs approval">{{cite news| title =HAL dhruv gets ccs approval| date =23 December 2007| url =http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/23/stories/2007122358280900.htm| access-date =12 February 2013| location =Chennai, India| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20121107053624/http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/23/stories/2007122358280900.htm| work =[[The Hindu]]| archive-date =7 November 2012}}</ref>

* [[Government of Jharkhand|Jharkhand State Government]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/03/stories/2007090360691400.htm |title=HAL delivers Dhruv to Jharkhand |date=3 September 2007 |access-date=21 August 2011 |location=Chennai, India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110125326/http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/03/stories/2007090360691400.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=10 November 2012}}</ref>

|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft<ref name="jawa-1617">{{cite book|editor1-last=Jackson|editor1-first=Paul|editor2-last=Peacock|editor2-first=Lindsay|editor3-last=Bushell|editor3-first=Susan|editor4-last=Willis|editor4-first=David|editor5-last=Winchester|editor5-first=Jim|title=IHS Jane's All the World's Aircraft: Development & Production|date=2016–2017|location=Couldson|isbn=978-0710631770|pages=307–308|chapter=India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/2020/06/navy-dhruv-spat-lets-stop-fighting-hal-test-pilot-says.html|title=NAVY-DHRUV SPAT: Let's Stop Fighting, HAL Test Pilot Says|publisher=LiveFist|access-date=11 June 2020}}</ref>

* [[HAL Rudra]]

* [[HAL Light Combat Helicopter]]

*{{cite web |author= Standing Committee on Defence |url= http://164.100.24.208/ls/CommitteeR/Defence/17threport.pdf |title= In-Depth Study and Critical Review of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) |publisher= Ministry of Defence |date= April 2007}}

* {{cite web|url=http://hal-india.co.in/Product_Details.aspx|title= official website}}