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Beginning in early 2006, West had overseen the recording and production of ''Graduation'' simultaneously with ''[[Finding Forever]]'' (2007), the seventh studio album of his close friend, fellow [[Chicago]] hip hop artist and label affiliate [[Common (rapper)|Common]].<ref name=Ready>{{cite web |author1=Bland, Bridget |author2=Reid, Shaheem |author3=Richard, Yasmine |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1559402/20070511/west_kanye.jhtml |title=Kanye West Says He's 'Ready To Take Over The World Once Again' |publisher=MTV. Viacom |date=May 11, 2007 |access-date=June 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601205430/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1559402/20070511/west_kanye.jhtml |archive-date=June 1, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Frehsee, Nicole |title=Common Preps New Album "Finding Forever" With Help From Kanye, Lily Allen |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/common-preps-new-album-finding-forever-with-help-from-kanye-lily-allen-20070608 |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |publisher=[[Jann Wenner]] |date=June 8, 2007 |access-date=June 29, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115134621/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/common-preps-new-album-finding-forever-with-help-from-kanye-lily-allen-20070608 |archive-date=November 15, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result, there was significant overlap in between the studio sessions for the two records.<ref name="Shipley">Shipley, Al. [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/kanye-wests-graduation-10-things-you-didnt-know-w501933 Kanye West's 'Graduation': 10 Things You Didn't Know] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203163048/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/kanye-wests-graduation-10-things-you-didnt-know-w501933|date=February 3, 2018}}. ''[[Rolling Stone]]''. Retrieved on September 11, 2017.</ref> Common was helpful in facilitating the composing process, as West producing songs for his album would sometimes either lead to the making of hip-hop beats or inspire creative ideas which were applied towards his own project.<ref name="Saponara">{{cite web|author=Saponara, Michael|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/7957949/kanye-west-graduation-10-year-anniversary-interview|title=Grammy-Winning Engineer Anthony Kilhoffer Recalls Memorable Studio Sessions From Kanye's 'Graduation' Album|work=Billboard|publisher=Prometheus Global Media|date=September 19, 2007|access-date=September 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912035433/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/7957949/kanye-west-graduation-10-year-anniversary-interview|archive-date=September 12, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> "Good Morning" was a case of the latter in regards to its [[Programming (music)|programmed]] [[drums]].<ref name=Favorite/> The track's murky, slightly off-kilter [[Drum machine|drum-machine]] [[Drum beat|beat]] that West crafted aligns with the [[J Dilla]] methodology he channeled and maintained throughout ''Finding Forever'' in tribute to the recent passing of the [[underground hip hop]] producer.<ref name="Report"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/finding-forever-mw0000477178 |title=Finding Forever – Common |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=February 22, 2016 |last=Kellman |first=Andy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222221236/http://www.allmusic.com/album/finding-forever-mw0000477178 |archive-date=February 22, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> West's newfound fascination with [[House music|house-music]] also played a role on his approach to drum programming.<ref name="Report"/> He relied more on clipped [[electro (music)|electro]] tones for his rhythmic patterns, giving the drum beats more of a punch.<ref name="Report"/><ref name=Favorite/> In contrast to ''Finding Forever'', West set aside his trademark [[soul music|soul]] samples in favor of airy [[synthesizer]] [[Musical tone|tone]]s that would carry well when performed in arenas.<ref name="Serwer"/> | Beginning in early 2006, West had overseen the recording and production of ''Graduation'' simultaneously with ''[[Finding Forever]]'' (2007), the seventh studio album of his close friend, fellow [[Chicago]] hip hop artist and label affiliate [[Common (rapper)|Common]].<ref name=Ready>{{cite web |author1=Bland, Bridget |author2=Reid, Shaheem |author3=Richard, Yasmine |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1559402/20070511/west_kanye.jhtml |title=Kanye West Says He's 'Ready To Take Over The World Once Again' |publisher=MTV. Viacom |date=May 11, 2007 |access-date=June 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601205430/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1559402/20070511/west_kanye.jhtml |archive-date=June 1, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Frehsee, Nicole |title=Common Preps New Album "Finding Forever" With Help From Kanye, Lily Allen |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/common-preps-new-album-finding-forever-with-help-from-kanye-lily-allen-20070608 |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |publisher=[[Jann Wenner]] |date=June 8, 2007 |access-date=June 29, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115134621/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/common-preps-new-album-finding-forever-with-help-from-kanye-lily-allen-20070608 |archive-date=November 15, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result, there was significant overlap in between the studio sessions for the two records.<ref name="Shipley">Shipley, Al. [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/kanye-wests-graduation-10-things-you-didnt-know-w501933 Kanye West's 'Graduation': 10 Things You Didn't Know] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203163048/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/kanye-wests-graduation-10-things-you-didnt-know-w501933|date=February 3, 2018}}. ''[[Rolling Stone]]''. Retrieved on September 11, 2017.</ref> Common was helpful in facilitating the composing process, as West producing songs for his album would sometimes either lead to the making of hip-hop beats or inspire creative ideas which were applied towards his own project.<ref name="Saponara">{{cite web|author=Saponara, Michael|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/7957949/kanye-west-graduation-10-year-anniversary-interview|title=Grammy-Winning Engineer Anthony Kilhoffer Recalls Memorable Studio Sessions From Kanye's 'Graduation' Album|work=Billboard|publisher=Prometheus Global Media|date=September 19, 2007|access-date=September 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912035433/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/7957949/kanye-west-graduation-10-year-anniversary-interview|archive-date=September 12, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> "Good Morning" was a case of the latter in regards to its [[Programming (music)|programmed]] [[drums]].<ref name=Favorite/> The track's murky, slightly off-kilter [[Drum machine|drum-machine]] [[Drum beat|beat]] that West crafted aligns with the [[J Dilla]] methodology he channeled and maintained throughout ''Finding Forever'' in tribute to the recent passing of the [[underground hip hop]] producer.<ref name="Report"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/finding-forever-mw0000477178 |title=Finding Forever – Common |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=February 22, 2016 |last=Kellman |first=Andy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222221236/http://www.allmusic.com/album/finding-forever-mw0000477178 |archive-date=February 22, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> West's newfound fascination with [[House music|house-music]] also played a role on his approach to drum programming.<ref name="Report"/> He relied more on clipped [[electro (music)|electro]] tones for his rhythmic patterns, giving the drum beats more of a punch.<ref name="Report"/><ref name=Favorite/> In contrast to ''Finding Forever'', West set aside his trademark [[soul music|soul]] samples in favor of airy [[synthesizer]] [[Musical tone|tone]]s that would carry well when performed in arenas.<ref name="Serwer"/> | ||
[[File:Jay-zlivein2010.jpg|thumb|left|194px|alt=Jay-Z|"Good Morning" concludes with additional vocals that are provided by American rapper [[Jay-Z]].]] | [[File:Jay-zlivein2010.jpg|thumb|left|194px|alt=Jay-Z|"Good Morning" concludes with additional vocals that are provided by American rapper [[Jay-Z]].]] | ||
Like most of the material throughout his third album, West's songwriting on "Good Morning" is characterized by confessional [[storytelling]] and simplified lyricism.<ref name="McCabe"/><ref name="Burney"/> West shortened his lines for each [[Verse (music)|verse]] in order to more directly get his lyrical concerns across.<ref name="Beaumont, 2015. p. 232">Beaumont, 2015. p. 232</ref> As for his [[rapping]], after touring with and studying the live performances of European [[arena rock]] bands such as [[U2]] and [[the Rolling Stones]], West decided to simplify some of his rhymes due to not always being able to rock crowds with complex lyrics.<ref name=GradListen/> He opted for a less intricate lyrical delivery featuring lines built on anthemic sloganeering with a more universal context. This would work in combination with sing-along [[Hook (music)|hooks]] that tens of thousands of fans could [[chant]] in unison at his [[stadium]] concerts.<ref name=" | Like most of the material throughout his third album, West's songwriting on "Good Morning" is characterized by confessional [[storytelling]] and simplified lyricism.<ref name="McCabe"/><ref name="Burney"/> West shortened his lines for each [[Verse (music)|verse]] in order to more directly get his lyrical concerns across.<ref name="Beaumont, 2015. p. 232">Beaumont, 2015. p. 232</ref> As for his [[rapping]], after touring with and studying the live performances of European [[arena rock]] bands such as [[U2]] and [[the Rolling Stones]], West decided to simplify some of his rhymes due to not always being able to rock crowds with complex lyrics.<ref name=GradListen/> He opted for a less intricate lyrical delivery featuring lines built on anthemic sloganeering with a more universal context. This would work in combination with sing-along [[Hook (music)|hooks]] that tens of thousands of fans could [[chant]] in unison at his [[stadium]] concerts.<ref name="Serwer">{{cite web|author=Serwer, Jesse|title=Kanye West|url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/music/kanye-west-1|work=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out New York]]|publisher=[[Time Out (company)|Time Out Group Limited]]|date=August 13, 2007|access-date=July 9, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019134152/http://www.timeout.com/newyork/music/kanye-west-1|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Burney">{{cite news|author=Burney, Lawrence|title=Kanye West's 'Graduation' Gave Birth to Rap's First Real Rock Star|url=http://noisey.vice.com/en_ca/article/nee8bk/kanye-wests-graduation-gave-birth-to-raps-first-real-rock-star|work=[[Vice (magazine)#Website|Noisey]]|publisher=[[Vice Media]]|date=September 11, 2017|access-date=September 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911230930/https://noisey.vice.com/en_ca/article/nee8bk/kanye-wests-graduation-gave-birth-to-raps-first-real-rock-star|archive-date=September 11, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Lyons"/> | ||
"Good Morning" contains additional vocals provided by Australian singer [[Connie Mitchell]] of the [[Electronic dance music|dance music]] group [[Sneaky Sound System]], as well as [[Soul music|soul]] singer Tony Williams.<ref name=linernotes/> West had Connie Mitchell and Tony Williams sing a descending vocal line together over the [[Loop (music)|looped]] sample.<ref name="Martins"/><ref name=Favorite/> Their celestial [[unison]] singing and the floating [[Monophony|monophonic]] vocal loop combine to form a warm background [[harmony]].<ref name= | "Good Morning" contains additional vocals provided by Australian singer [[Connie Mitchell]] of the [[Electronic dance music|dance music]] group [[Sneaky Sound System]], as well as [[Soul music|soul]] singer Tony Williams.<ref name=linernotes/> West had Connie Mitchell and Tony Williams sing a descending vocal line together over the [[Loop (music)|looped]] sample.<ref name="Martins"/><ref name=Favorite/> Their celestial [[unison]] singing and the floating [[Monophony|monophonic]] vocal loop combine to form a warm background [[harmony]].<ref name=Favorite/><ref name="Burney"/><ref name="Kathwadia2"/> The oohing vocals from the ethereal backing [[choir]] function as a [[Hook (music)|hook]] which serves to further engender moody atmosphere.<ref name="Kathwadia2"/><ref name="Bainbridge">{{cite news |author=Luke, Bainbridge |title=It's Kanye's World |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2007/aug/12/urban.kanyewest |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited |date=August 11, 2007 |access-date=March 12, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924131146/http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2007/aug/12/urban.kanyewest |archive-date=September 24, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Chicago/><ref name="Anslema"/> | ||
The song also includes an [[Interpolation (popular music)|interpolation]] of vocals that were provided by rapper [[Jay-Z]] which are spliced into the song's [[Outro (music)|outro]].<ref name="Broazay"/><ref name="Anslema">{{cite web| author=Anslema, Samuel| title=Kanye West Graduation| url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2007/10/kanye-west-graduation/| work=[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]]| publisher=[[Harris Publications]]| date=October 11, 2007| access-date=July 20, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314024626/http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2007/10/kanye-west-graduation/| archive-date=March 14, 2016| url-status=live}}</ref> During the closing refrain, Jay-Z briefly recites a line from "The Ruler's Back", the rapper's own opening track for his album, ''The Blueprint''.<ref name="Anslema"/><ref name="Vozick-Levinson">{{cite web|author=Vozick-Levinson, Simon|title=Jay-Z's Brotherly Love|url=https://www.ew.com/article/2007/09/20/jay-z-toasts-kanye-wests-graduation|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|publisher=Entertainment Weekly Inc|date=September 20, 2007|access-date=September 22, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121174812/http://www.ew.com/article/2007/09/20/jay-z-toasts-kanye-wests-graduation|archive-date=January 21, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Similar to ''Finding Forever'', the album's [[record production]] had been handled primarily by West.<ref name="Blueprint">{{cite AV media notes |others=Jay-Z |title=The Blueprint|year=2001 |publisher=[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]}}</ref> West altered the rhythm of the phrase by omitting a word in order to place more emphasis on the beat.<ref name="reverbmachine">{{cite web|author=reverbmachine|title=Deconstructing Kanye West's Good Morning Beat|url=http://www.reverbmachine.com/blog/deconstructing-kanye-wests-good-morning-beat|work=Reverb Machine|date=April 19, 2018|access-date=June 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728071419/https://www.reverbmachine.com/blog/deconstructing-kanye-wests-good-morning-beat|archive-date=July 28, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', Jay-Z detailed some backstory in regards to his small contribution.<ref name="Vozick-Levinson"/> From a creative stance, West was apparently quite enthusiastic about the incorporation of his [[a capella]] into the track. Jay-Z explained, "You have to really care about the music ... [Kanye] was bragging about having the a capella. He's like, 'Yo, that's how I spun it, 'cause I had the a capella.' I'm like, wow! The things he cares about! That's not a big thing, but in his mind, 'I had the a capella, so I was able to put that in there without any [[Drum machine|drums]].'"<ref name="Vozick-Levinson"/> Although he does provide the additional vocals, ''Graduation'' marks the first studio album released by West not to feature a full-length [[Guest appearance#Contemporary music|guest]] rap verse from Jay-Z.<ref name=linernotes/><ref name=Favorite>{{cite news|author=Breihan, Tom|title=Ten Favorite Moments on Kanye West's Graduation|url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/statusainthood/2007/09/ten_favorite_mo.php|work=[[The Village Voice]]|publisher=Village Voice, LLC|date=September 11, 2007|access-date=September 11, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215609/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/statusainthood/2007/09/ten_favorite_mo.php|archive-date=October 4, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> | The song also includes an [[Interpolation (popular music)|interpolation]] of vocals that were provided by rapper [[Jay-Z]] which are spliced into the song's [[Outro (music)|outro]].<ref name="Broazay"/><ref name="Anslema">{{cite web| author=Anslema, Samuel| title=Kanye West Graduation| url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2007/10/kanye-west-graduation/| work=[[XXL (magazine)|XXL]]| publisher=[[Harris Publications]]| date=October 11, 2007| access-date=July 20, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314024626/http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2007/10/kanye-west-graduation/| archive-date=March 14, 2016| url-status=live}}</ref> During the closing refrain, Jay-Z briefly recites a line from "The Ruler's Back", the rapper's own opening track for his album, ''The Blueprint''.<ref name="Anslema"/><ref name="Vozick-Levinson">{{cite web|author=Vozick-Levinson, Simon|title=Jay-Z's Brotherly Love|url=https://www.ew.com/article/2007/09/20/jay-z-toasts-kanye-wests-graduation|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|publisher=Entertainment Weekly Inc|date=September 20, 2007|access-date=September 22, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121174812/http://www.ew.com/article/2007/09/20/jay-z-toasts-kanye-wests-graduation|archive-date=January 21, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Similar to ''Finding Forever'', the album's [[record production]] had been handled primarily by West.<ref name="Blueprint">{{cite AV media notes |others=Jay-Z |title=The Blueprint|year=2001 |publisher=[[Roc-A-Fella Records]]}}</ref> West altered the rhythm of the phrase by omitting a word in order to place more emphasis on the beat.<ref name="reverbmachine">{{cite web|author=reverbmachine|title=Deconstructing Kanye West's Good Morning Beat|url=http://www.reverbmachine.com/blog/deconstructing-kanye-wests-good-morning-beat|work=Reverb Machine|date=April 19, 2018|access-date=June 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728071419/https://www.reverbmachine.com/blog/deconstructing-kanye-wests-good-morning-beat|archive-date=July 28, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', Jay-Z detailed some backstory in regards to his small contribution.<ref name="Vozick-Levinson"/> From a creative stance, West was apparently quite enthusiastic about the incorporation of his [[a capella]] into the track. Jay-Z explained, "You have to really care about the music ... [Kanye] was bragging about having the a capella. He's like, 'Yo, that's how I spun it, 'cause I had the a capella.' I'm like, wow! The things he cares about! That's not a big thing, but in his mind, 'I had the a capella, so I was able to put that in there without any [[Drum machine|drums]].'"<ref name="Vozick-Levinson"/> Although he does provide the additional vocals, ''Graduation'' marks the first studio album released by West not to feature a full-length [[Guest appearance#Contemporary music|guest]] rap verse from Jay-Z.<ref name=linernotes/><ref name=Favorite>{{cite news|author=Breihan, Tom|title=Ten Favorite Moments on Kanye West's Graduation|url=http://blogs.villagevoice.com/statusainthood/2007/09/ten_favorite_mo.php|work=[[The Village Voice]]|publisher=Village Voice, LLC|date=September 11, 2007|access-date=September 11, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215609/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/statusainthood/2007/09/ten_favorite_mo.php|archive-date=October 4, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||