Kol people: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 18:12, 14 November 2022

The Kol people are a tribe or caste in Southeast Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Mostly landless and dependent on forest produce to make a living, they are Hindus and are designated a Scheduled Caste under India's system of positive discrimination. The tribe has several exogamous clans, including the Brahmin‚ Barawire, Bhil, Chero, Monasi, Rautia, Rojaboria‚ Rajput and Thaluria. They speak the Baghelkhandi dialect.^[1] Around 1 million live in Madhya Pradesh while another 5 lakh live in Uttar Pradesh.

It also refers to tribals of Chotanagpur in Eastern Parts of India.^[2] The Mundas, Oraons, Hos and Bhumijs were called Kols by British.^[3]

Once spelled "Cole", the swaths of land they inhabited in the 19th-century were called "Colekan".^[2]

References[edit | edit source]

↑ Pullaiah, T.; Krishnamurthy, K. V.; Bahadur, Bir (8 September 2017). Ethnobotany of India, Volume 5: The Indo-Gangetic Region and Central India. ISBN 9781351741316.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Edward Balfour, ed. (1862). The Second Supplement, with Index, to the Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia. p. 537.
↑ Shri Jagadish Chandra Jha, ed. (1958). The KOL RISINGS OF CHOTANAGPUR (1831-1833)-ITS CAUSES.

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[1] Pullaiah, T.; Krishnamurthy, K. V.; Bahadur, Bir (8 September 2017). Ethnobotany of India, Volume 5: The Indo-Gangetic Region and Central India. ISBN 9781351741316.

[Balfour-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Edward Balfour, ed. (1862). The Second Supplement, with Index, to the Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia. p. 537.

[3] Shri Jagadish Chandra Jha, ed. (1958). The KOL RISINGS OF CHOTANAGPUR (1831-1833)-ITS CAUSES.

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-{{issues|complex=March 2012|unref=March 2012}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
+The '''Kol people''' are a tribe or caste in Southeast [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Mostly landless and dependent on forest produce to make a living, they are Hindus and are designated a [[Scheduled Caste]] under India's [[reservation in India|system of positive discrimination]]. The tribe has several [[exogamy|exogamous]] clans, including the Brahmin‚ Barawire, Bhil, Chero, Monasi, Rautia, Rojaboria‚ Rajput and Thaluria. They speak the [[Baghelkhandi]] dialect.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErE0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PR42|title=Ethnobotany of India, Volume 5: The Indo-Gangetic Region and Central India|isbn=9781351741316|last1=Pullaiah|first1=T.|last2=Krishnamurthy|first2=K. V.|last3=Bahadur|first3=Bir|date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Around 1 million live in Madhya Pradesh while another 5 lakh live in Uttar Pradesh.
-The '''Kols''', also known as '''Kolarians''', are the original inhabitants of modern-day [[West Bengal]] and [[North-east India]]. The term Kol has been corrupted by the Aryan-[[Sanskrit]]ic speakers to the word "kalu", meaning both "black" and "ugly", in almost all of the 16 major languages of the [[Indian subcontinent|subcontinent]]. The Kolarians are a [[Dravidian people]]s stock group, whose descendant communities can be found also in [[West Bengal]] and elsewhere in the eastern part of the [[East India]].
+It also refers to tribals of Chotanagpur in Eastern Parts of India.<ref name=Balfour/> The [[Munda people|Mundas]], [[Oraons]], [[Ho people|Hos]] and [[Bhumij people|Bhumijs]] were called Kols by British.<ref>{{cite book|title=The KOL RISINGS OF CHOTANAGPUR (1831-1833)-ITS CAUSES|editor=Shri Jagadish Chandra Jha |year=1958 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145239 |page=}}</ref>
-Most [[Geology|geological]] scholars will contend that most of Bangladesh was fashioned 1 to 6.5 million years ago during the Tertiary era. Semi-recent excavations in the Deolpota village of western Bengal seem to suggest that a Paleolithic civilization in the region existed about one hundred thousand years ago. A 10,000 to 15,000 year old stone structure in Rangamati is the primary evidence of [[Paleolithic]] civilization along with a [[hand axe]] found in the mountainous inclines of the Feni district. This Neo-[[stone age]] began 3,000 BC lasting almost 1500 years. Similar tools were found in Sitakunda of the eastern region [[Chittagong Hill Tracts|Chittagong]], and near Comilla district. The sparsely forested hills in eastern Bengal strewn with fertile valleys imparted a hospitable location for [[Neolithic]] settlements.
+Once spelled "Cole", the swaths of land they inhabited in the 19th-century were called "Colekan".<ref name=Balfour>{{cite book|title=The Second Supplement, with Index, to the Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia|editor=Edward Balfour |year=1862 |url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/The_Second_Supplement_with_Index_to_the/V0FCAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |page=537}}</ref>
-Physically, the indigenous peoples of eastern India were long-headed, dark skinned, broad-nosed, and short in stature. Sometimes labeled as "Negritos" and "Negroids", their physical features are unchanged today among the lowest castes of [[Bengal]], mainly the [[peasant]]s, as well as 95% of population of West Bengal today who derive from these lower castes and tribes.
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
+{{authority control}}
-{{multistub|Asia|history}}
+{{India-ethno-stub}}
-[[Category:Indian people|*]]
+[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh]]
-[[Category:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh]]
+[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Odisha]]