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Fix birth date
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| predecessor2 = [[Maha Singh]] | | predecessor2 = [[Maha Singh]] | ||
| birth_name = Buddh Singh | | birth_name = Buddh Singh | ||
| birth_date = | | birth_date = 13 November 1780<ref name="pta1">{{cite book|title=Studies in Contemporary Indian History – Punjab Through the Ages Volume 2|year=2007|publisher=Sarup & Sons, New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7625-738-1|page=2|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kxtEFA5qqR8C&q=ranjith%20singh&pg=PA2|author=S.R. Bakshi, Rashmi Pathak|editor=S.R. Bakshi, Rashmi Pathak<!--|access-date=2010-->|chapter=1-Political Condition}}</ref> | ||
| birth_place = [[Gujranwala]], [[Sukerchakia Misl]], [[Sikh Confederacy]] (present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]) | | birth_place = [[Gujranwala]], [[Sukerchakia Misl]], [[Sikh Confederacy]] (present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]) | ||
| death_date = {{death date and age|1839|6|27|1780|11|13|df=y}} | | death_date = {{death date and age|1839|6|27|1780|11|13|df=y}} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Ranjit Singh''' ( | '''Ranjit Singh''' (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839),<ref name=eos/><ref name=britranjit/> popularly known as '''Sher-e-Punjab''' or "Lion of Punjab", was the first [[Maharaja]] of the [[Sikh Empire]], which ruled the northwest [[Indian subcontinent]] in the early half of the 19th century. He survived [[smallpox]] in infancy but lost sight in his left eye. He fought his first battle alongside his father at age 10. After his father died, he fought several wars to expel the [[Afghans]] in his teenage years and was proclaimed as the "Maharaja of Punjab" at age 21.<ref name=eos/><ref name="Singh2008p9"/> His empire grew in the [[Punjab region]] under his leadership through 1839.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}<ref name="Grewal6">{{cite book|last=Grewal|first=J. S.|title=The Sikh empire (1799–1849) |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1990|series=The New Cambridge History of India|volume=The Sikhs of the Punjab|chapter=Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849)|chapter-url=http://histories.cambridge.org/extract?id=chol9780521268844_CHOL9780521268844A008}}</ref> | ||
Prior to his rise, the Punjab region had numerous warring [[misls|misl]]s (confederacies), twelve of which were under Sikh rulers and one Muslim.<ref name="Singh2008p9"/> Ranjit Singh successfully absorbed and united the Sikh misls and took over other local kingdoms to create the Sikh Empire. He repeatedly defeated [[Afghan-Sikh Wars|invasions by outside armies]], particularly those arriving from Afghanistan, and established friendly relations with the [[British East India Company|British]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Patwant Singh|title=Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vr4VAQAAIAAJ |year=2008|publisher=Peter Owen|isbn=978-0-7206-1323-0|pages=113–124}}</ref> | Prior to his rise, the Punjab region had numerous warring [[misls|misl]]s (confederacies), twelve of which were under Sikh rulers and one Muslim.<ref name="Singh2008p9"/> Ranjit Singh successfully absorbed and united the Sikh misls and took over other local kingdoms to create the Sikh Empire. He repeatedly defeated [[Afghan-Sikh Wars|invasions by outside armies]], particularly those arriving from Afghanistan, and established friendly relations with the [[British East India Company|British]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Patwant Singh|title=Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vr4VAQAAIAAJ |year=2008|publisher=Peter Owen|isbn=978-0-7206-1323-0|pages=113–124}}</ref> | ||