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{{short description|Indian politician and actress, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (1948–2016)}}
[[File:J Jayalalithaa.jpg|thumb|Jayalalithaa]]
{{Indian name|Jayalalithaa|Jayaram}}
'''Jayaram Jayalalithaa''' (24 February 1948 – 5 December 2016) was an Indian actor who became a politician. She served five terms as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, for over fourteen years between 1991 and 2016. From 1989 she was the general secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] , a  [[Dravidian party]]. She was praised and called by the party members as "Amma"(meaning: mother), "Thanga Tharagai" (meaning: Golden Maiden) and "Puratchi Thalaivi" (the woman revolutionary leader).
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
==Life==
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
Jayalalithaa first became famous as a leading movie actor in the mid-1960s. She appeared in 140 films between 1961 and 1980 in the [[Tamil]], [[Telugu]] and [[Kannada]] languages. She also earned the name of "Queen of Tamil Cinema."
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = J. Jayalalithaa
| image              = J Jayalalithaa.jpg
| caption            = Jayalalithaa in August 2015
| office              = 5th [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start          = 23 May 2015
| term_end            = 5 December 2016
| governor            = {{ubl|[[Konijeti Rosaiah]]|[[C. Vidyasagar Rao]] (Additional Charge)}}
| predecessor        = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| successor          = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency        = [[Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
| term_start1        = 16 May 2011
| term_end1          = 27 September 2014
| governor1          = {{ubl|[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]|[[Konijeti Rosaiah]]}}
| predecessor1        = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| successor1          = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency1      = [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Srirangam]]
| term_start2        = 2 March 2002
| term_end2          = 12 May 2006
| governor2          = {{ubl|[[P. S. Ramamohan Rao]]|[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]}}
| predecessor2        = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| successor2          = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| constituency2      = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| term_start3        = 14 May 2001
| term_end3          = 21 September 2001
| governor3          = {{ubl|[[Fathima Beevi]]|[[C. Rangarajan]] (Additional Charge)}}
| predecessor3        = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| successor3          = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency3      = ''Did not contest''
| term_start4        = 24 June 1991
| term_end4          = 12 May 1996
| governor4          = {{ubl|[[Bhishma Narain Singh]]|[[Marri Chenna Reddy]]}}
| predecessor4        = [[President's rule]]
| successor4          = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| constituency4      = [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]]
| office5            = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start5        = 3 April 1984
| term_end5          = 28 January 1989
| 1blankname5        = Leader of the House
| 1namedata5          = {{ubl|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]|[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]|[[N. D. Tiwari]]|[[P. Shiv Shankar]]}}
| predecessor5        = [[Sathyavani Muthu]]
| successor5          = [[Tha. Kiruttinan]]
| constituency5      = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| office6            = [[Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start6        = 29 May 2006
| term_end6          = 14 May 2011
| 1blankname6        = Chief Minister
| 1namedata6          = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| predecessor6        = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| successor6          = [[Vijayakanth|Vijayakant]]
| constituency6      = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| 1blankname7        = Chief Minister
| 1namedata7          = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| term_start7        = 9 February 1989
| term_end7          = 30 November 1989
| predecessor7        = [[O. Subramanian]]
| successor7          = [[S. R. Eradha]]
| constituency7      = [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]
| office8            = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start8        = 4 July 2015
| term_end8          = 5 December 2016
| 1blankname8        = Chief Minister
| 1namedata8          = ''Herself''
| predecessor8        = [[P. Vetrivel]]
| successor8          = [[T. T. V. Dhinakaran]]
| constituency8      = [[Radhakrishnan Nagar]]
| term_start9        = 23 May 2011
| term_end9          = 27 September 2014
| 1blankname9        = Chief Minister
| 1namedata9          = ''Herself''
| predecessor9        = [[M. Paranjothi]]
| successor9          = [[S. Valarmathi]]
| constituency9      = [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Srirangam]]
| term_start10        = 24 February 2002
| term_end10          = 14 May 2011
| 1blankname10        = Chief Minister
| 1namedata10        = {{ubl|''Herself''|[[M. Karunanidhi]]}}
| predecessor10      = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
| successor10        = [[Thanga Tamil Selvan]]
| constituency10      = [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]
| term_start11        = 1 July 1991
| term_end11          = 12 May 1996
| 1blankname11        = Chief Minister
| 1namedata11        = ''Herself''
| predecessor11      = [[K. R. Rajendran]]
| successor11        = [[E. G. Sugavanam]]
| constituency11      = [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]]
| term_start12        = 6 February 1989
| term_end12          = 30 January 1991
| 1blankname12        = Chief Minister
| 1namedata12        = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| predecessor12      = [[K. S. M. Ramachandran]]
| successor12        = [[V. Panneerselvam]]
| constituency12      = [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]
| office13            = General Secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start13        = 9 February 1989
| term_end13          = 5 December 2016
| 1blankname13        = Inaugural Holder
| 1namedata13        = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| predecessor13      = S. Raghavanandam
| successor13        = [[V. K. Sassikala]]
| office14            = [[Ministry of propaganda|Propaganda Secretary]] of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start14        = 1983
| term_end14          = 1984
| 1blankname14        = Party President
| 1namedata14        = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| 2blankname14        = General Secretary
| 2namedata14        = [[P. U. Shanmugam]]
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|df=yes|1948|02|24}}
| birth_place        = [[Melukote]], [[Mysore State]], [[Dominion of India]]<br />(present day [[Karnataka]], [[India]])
| nationality        = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|2016|12|05|1948|02|24|df=yes}}
| death_place        = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| death_cause        = [[Cardiac Arrest]]
| resting_place      = [[MGR Memorial|Puratchi Thalaivi Jayalalithaa Ninaividam]]
| party              = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] [[File:AIADMK Two Leaves.png|28x28px]]
| relatives          = [[Deepa Jayakumar]] (niece)
| residence          = Veda Nilayam<br />81, Poes Garden, [[Chennai]],<br />[[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| alma_mater          = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Bishop Cotton Girls' School]]|[[Sacred Heart Matriculation School|Church Park Presentation Convent]]|[[Stella Maris College, Chennai]]}}
| profession          = {{hlist|Film actress|writer|politician|philanthropist}}
| awards              = * [[Honorary Doctorate]] (1991)
* [[Kalaimamani]] (1972)
| signature          = Jayalalithaa Signature.svg
| nickname            = ''Amma'', ''Puratchi Thalaivi'', ''Thanga Thaaragai'', ''Kalai Selvi''
}}


'''Jayaram Jayalalithaa'''{{efn|In 2000 Jayalalitha appended an additional letter "a" to her name for [[numerological]] reasons.<ref>{{cite news |author=[[Shashi Tharoor]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2001/12/23/stories/2001122300310300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020328012141/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2001/12/23/stories/2001122300310300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 March 2002 |title='Scrabble' in real life |date=23 December 2001|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=23 December 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/2009/05/chasing-the-poll-stars/ |title=Chasing The Poll Stars |author=Tusha Mittal|work=Tehelka |access-date=9 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821172959/http://www.tehelka.com/2009/05/chasing-the-poll-stars/ |archive-date=21 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}. May 2009.</ref>}} (24 February 1948 – 5 December 2016) was an Indian politician and film actress who served as the [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] for more than fourteen years between 1991 and 2016. From 9 February 1989, she was the general secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), a [[Dravidian party]] whose cadre revered her as their "''{{lang|ta|Amma}}''" (mother) and "{{lang|ta|'''Puratchi Thalaivi'''}}" (Revolutionary leader).<ref name="puratchithalavi">{{cite news|title=PURATCHI THALAIVI JAYALALITHAA|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/Puratchi-Thalaivi-Jayalalithaa|access-date=18 December 2016|work=indiatimes.com|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her critics in the media and the opposition accused her of fostering a [[personality cult]] and of demanding absolute loyalty from AIADMK legislators and ministers, who often publicly [[Prostration|prostrated]] themselves before her.<ref name="outlook20110321" />
In 1991 Jayalalithaa became Tamil Nadu's youngest chief minister. Despite a monthly salary of Rs.1, she made a grand marriage for her foster son Sudhakaran, lavishly spending. In the 1996 election, the AIADMK was nearly wiped out . Jayalalithaa herself lost her seat. The new [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] government filed several corruption cases against her, and she spend time in jail. Her fortunes revived in the 1998 general election, as the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] became a key component of Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] government that her withdrawal of support thrown the BJP government without majority and further triggered to another general election just in a year in 1999.The AIADMK returned to power in [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]], although Jayalalithaa was personally disbarred from contesting due to the corruption cases. Within a few months of her taking oath as chief minister, in September 2001, she was disqualified from holding office and forced to cede the chair to minister [[O. Panneerselvam]]. Upon her acquittal six months later, Jayalalithaa returned as chief minister to complete her term. Noted for its ruthlessness to political opponents, many of whom were arrested in midnight raids, her government grew unpopular. Another period (2006–11) in the opposition followed, before Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for the fourth time after the AIADMK swept the [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011 assembly election]]. Her government received attention for its extensive social-welfare agenda, which included several subsidised {{lang|ta|"Amma"}}-branded goods such as canteens, bottled water, salt and cement. Three years into her tenure, she was convicted in a [[Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa|disproportionate-assets case]], rendering her disqualified to hold office. She returned as chief minister after being acquitted in May 2015. In the [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016 assembly election]], she became the first Tamil Nadu chief minister since M.G.R in 1984 to be voted back into office. That September, she fell severely ill and, following 75 days of hospitalisation, died on 5 December 2016 due to cardiac arrest and became the first female chief minister in India to die in office.


Jayalalithaa first came into prominence as a leading film actress in the mid-1960s. Though she had entered the profession reluctantly, upon the urging of her mother to support the family, Jayalalithaa worked prolifically. She appeared in [[Jayalalithaa filmography|140 films]] between 1961 and 1980, primarily in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] languages. Jayalalithaa received praise for her versatility as an actress and for her dancing skills, earning the sobriquet "Queen of Tamil Cinema".<ref name="jjte">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Telugu stars mourn Amma's loss!|url=http://zeenews.india.com/regional/jayalalithaa-death-telugu-stars-mourn-ammas-loss_1956451.html|access-date=18 December 2016|work=[[Zee News]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Among her frequent co-stars was [[M. G. Ramachandran]], popularly known as M.G.R, a Tamil [[cultural icon]] who leveraged his immense popularity with the masses into a successful political career. In 1982, when M.G.R was chief minister, Jayalalithaa joined the AIADMK, the party he founded. Her political rise was rapid; within a few years she became AIADMK propaganda secretary and was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]], the [[upper house]] of [[India's Parliament]]. After M.G.R's death in 1987, Jayalalithaa proclaimed herself his political heir and, having fought off the faction headed by [[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]], M.G.R's widow, emerged as the sole leader of the AIADMK. Following the [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989 election]], she became Leader of the Opposition to the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]-led government headed by [[M. Karunanidhi]], her ''bête noire''.
Jayalalithaa never married and had no children.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 February 2017|title=How a leader's companion rose in political power in Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/article/2069955/can-deceased-indian-leaders-companion-take-her-place|access-date=13 September 2021|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref> On 29 May 2020, her nephew J. Deepak and niece [[Deepa Jayakumar]] were declared as her legal heirs by [[Madras High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayalalithaa-s-niece-and-nephew-declared-legal-heirs-can-claim-her-properties-125374|title=Jayalalithaa's niece and nephew declared legal heirs, can claim her properties|date=27 May 2020|website=The News Minute}}</ref>


In [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]] Jayalalithaa became chief minister, Tamil Nadu's youngest, for the first time. She earned a reputation for centralizing state power among a coterie of bureaucrats; her [[Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers|council of ministers]], whom she often shuffled around, were largely ceremonial in nature. The successful cradle-baby scheme, which enabled mothers to anonymously offer their newborns for adoption, emerged during this time. Despite an official salary of only a rupee a month, Jayalalithaa indulged in public displays of wealth, culminating in a lavish wedding for her foster son in 1995. In the [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996 election]], the [[AIADMK]] was nearly wiped out at the hustings; Jayalalithaa herself lost her seat. The new [[Karunanidhi]] government filed several corruption cases against her, and she had to spend time in jail. Her fortunes revived in the [[Indian general election, 1998 (Tamil Nadu)|1998 general election]], as the AIADMK became a key component of Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'s 1998–99 government; her withdrawal of support toppled it and triggered [[1999 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|another general election]] just a year later.
==Death==
She died in 5 December 2016 due to cardiac arrest according to the reports of the Apollo Hospitals. However, there remain questions about her death.


The AIADMK returned to power in [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]], although Jayalalithaa was personally disbarred from contesting due to the corruption cases. Within a few months of her taking oath as chief minister, in September 2001, she was disqualified from holding office and forced to cede the chair to aide [[O. Panneerselvam]]. Upon her acquittal six months later, Jayalalithaa returned as chief minister to complete her term. Noted for its ruthlessness to political opponents, many of whom were arrested in midnight raids, her government grew unpopular. Another period (2006–11) in the opposition followed, before Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for the fourth time after the AIADMK swept the [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011 assembly election]]. Her government received attention for its extensive social-welfare agenda, which included several subsidized {{lang|ta|"Amma"}}-branded goods such as canteens, bottled water, salt and cement. Three years into her tenure, she was convicted in a [[Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa|disproportionate-assets case]], rendering her disqualified to hold office. She returned as chief minister after being acquitted in May 2015. In the [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016 assembly election]], she became the first Tamil Nadu chief minister since M.G.R in 1984 to be voted back into office. That September, she fell severely ill and, following 75 days of hospitalization, died on 5 December 2016 due to cardiac arrest and became the first female chief minister in India to die in office.
==References==
{{reflist}}


On 29 May 2020, Jayalalithaa's nephew J. Deepak and niece [[Deepa Jayakumar]] were declared as her legal heirs by [[Madras High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayalalithaa-s-niece-and-nephew-declared-legal-heirs-can-claim-her-properties-125374|title=Jayalalithaa’s niece and nephew declared legal heirs, can claim her properties|date=27 May 2020|website=The News Minute}}</ref>
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayalalithaa, J.}}
 
[[Category:Tamil Nadu politicians]]
== Early life, education and family ==
Jayalalithaa was born on 24 February 1948 as Komalavalli after her grandmother at [[Melukote]], [[Pandavapura]] taluk, [[Mandya]] district, then in [[Mysore State]] (now [[Karnataka]]) to Jayaram and Vedavalli (Sandhya) in a [[Tamils|Tamil]] [[Brahmin]] [[Iyengar]] family.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jayalalithaa Jayaram Biography – About family, political life, awards won, history |url=https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/jayalalithaa-jayaram.html |website=Elections in India |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-j-jayalalithaa-was-buried-and-not-cremated/articleshow/55838340.cms|title=Why J Jayalalithaa was buried and not cremated|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=7 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=IANS|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-in-school-her-name-was-komalavalli-1028237|title=In school her name was Komalavalli|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=7 May 2006 |access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Babu|first=T. E. Narasimhan & Gireesh|date=2016-12-06|title=Jayalalithaa dead at 68: How Komalavalli became the 'Iron Lady' of Tamil Nadu|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-at-68-how-komalavalli-became-the-iron-lady-of-tamil-nadu-116120500945_1.html|access-date=2021-06-10}}</ref>
 
She was fluent in several languages, including Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, [[Hindi]], Malayalam and English.<ref>{{cite news|agency=IANS |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1872517.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629122520/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1872517.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013 |title=Jayalalithaa to debut in Hindi for campaigns |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=8 April 2007 |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> She spoke with actress Saroja Devi in Kannada regularly as they were close friends and would talk to each other only in Kannada. She often conversed with Karnataka Chief ministers in Kannada. Basavaraja Bommayi, the former irrigation minister of Karnataka said, “I was astonished by her Kannada slang and fluency.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/jayalalithaa-love-for-kannada-language|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027101411/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/jayalalithaa-love-for-kannada-language|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-10-27|title=Jayalalithaa’s deep love for Kannada will surprise you|date=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-06|title=Proud Tamilian born in Karnataka, Jayalalithaa had a long history with Kannadiga activists|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/proud-tamilian-born-karnataka-jayalalithaa-had-long-history-kannadiga-activists-53889|access-date=2021-06-11|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref>
 
The name Jayalalithaa was adopted at the age of one for the purpose of using the name in school and colleges. It was derived from the names of two houses where she resided in Mysore. One was "Jaya Vilas" and the other "Lalitha Vilas". Her paternal grandfather, Narasimhan Rengachary, was in the service of the [[Mysore kingdom]] as a surgeon, and served as the court physician to Maharaja [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV]] of Mysore. Her maternal grandfather, Rangasamy Iyengar, moved to Mysore from [[Srirangam]] to work with [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]. He had one son and three daughters—Ambujavalli, Vedavalli and Padmavalli. Vedavalli was married to Jayaram son of Narasimhan Rengachary. The couple Jayaram-Vedvalli had two children: a son Jayakumar and a daughter, Jayalalitha.<ref name="thehansindia">{{cite news|last1=Chandrakanth|first1=W|title=A never-say-die leader|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/National/2016-12-06/A-never-say-die-leader/267247|access-date=11 December 2016|work=[[The Hans India]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her mother, her relatives and later co-stars and friends referred to her as Ammu.<ref>{{cite news|last=Babu|first=Venkatesha|title=Ammu to Amma: The life and times of Jayalalithaa Jayaraman|url=http://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/ammu-to-amma-the-life-and-times-of-jayalalithaa-jayaraman/story/241781.html|website=Business Today|date=6 December 2016|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>
 
Jayalalithaa's father, Jayaram, was a lawyer but never worked and squandered most of the family's wealth. He died when Jayalalithaa was two years old. The widowed Vedavalli returned to her father's home in [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]] in 1950.<ref name="outlook20110321">{{cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-road-to-ammahood/270858|website=Outlook India |title=The Road To Ammahood |date=21 March 2011 |first=Sugata |last=Srinivasaraju|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> Vedavalli learnt shorthand and typewriting to take up a clerical position to help support the family in 1950. Her younger sister Ambujavalli had moved to Madras, working as an air hostess. She also started acting in drama and films using the screen name Vidyavathy. On the insistence of Ambujavalli, Jayalalithaa's mother Vedavalli also relocated to Madras and stayed with her sister from 1952. Vedavalli worked in a commercial firm in Madras and began dabbling in acting from 1953 under the screen name Sandhya. Jayalalithaa remained under the care of her mother's sister Padmavalli and maternal grandparents from 1950 to 1958 in Mysore.<ref name="outlook20110321"/><ref name="thehansindia"/> While still in Bangalore, Jayalalithaa attended [[Bishop Cotton Girls' School]], [[Bangalore]].<ref name="TNgov">{{cite web |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/tnassembly/assembly2001/archives/jjaya.htm |title=Profile |publisher= Government of Tamil Nadu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303212850/http://tn.gov.in/tnassembly/assembly2001/archives/jjaya.htm |archive-date=3 March 2009|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> In later interviews, Jayalalithaa spoke emotionally about how she missed her mother growing up in a different city. She had the opportunity to visit her mother during summer holidays.<ref name="thehansindia"/>
 
After her aunt Padmavalli's marriage in 1958, Jayalalithaa moved to Madras and began to live with her mother. She completed her education at Sacred Heart Matriculation School (popularly known as Church Park Presentation Convent or Presentation Church Park Convent).<ref name="thehansindia"/><ref name="Ironlady">{{cite journal|last=Raman |first=A. S. |date=September 2001 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1628_279/ai_79354002 |title=The Iron Lady of India |journal=The Contemporary Review |access-date=10 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912104146/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2242/is_1628_279/ai_79354002/ |archive-date=12 September 2011 }}</ref>
 
She excelled at school and was offered a government scholarship to pursue further education.<ref name="TNgov"/> She won Gold State Award for coming first in 10th standard in the state of Tamil Nadu. She joined [[Stella Maris College (Chennai)|Stella Maris College]], [[Chennai]]; however, discontinued her studies due pressure from her mother and became a film actress.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Stella-Maris-remembers-former-CM/article16791819.ece | title=Stella Maris remembers former CM | newspaper=The Hindu | date=11 December 2016 | access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061216/so-singh-what-do-you-make-of-my-campaign-asked-jaya.html | title=So Singh, what do you make of my campaign, Jaya asked our reporter | publisher=Deccan Chronicle | work=R Bhagwan Singh | date=6 December 2016 | access-date=27 November 2018}}</ref>
 
The Poes Garden plot was bought by Jayalalithaa and her mother in 1967. Jayalalithaa's mother sandhya died in November 1971 at the age of 47.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tamil-nadu-poes-garden-controversy-who-s-residence-is-it-anyway/story-HJVC4MGtz7InYigJmtWYwL.html | title=Tamil Nadu: Who's residence is it anyway? Jayalalithaa's Poes Garden lies unoccupied | website=hindustan times | date=25 June 2017}}</ref> Jayalalithaa herself held the ''house warming ceremony'' of her residence ''Veda Nilayam'' (named after her beloved mother Vedavalli alias Sandhya) on May 15, 1972 early in the morning, followed by [[dinner]] and a [[Veena]] recital by classical musician [[Chitti Babu (musician)|Chitti babu]] in the evening.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/01/27/was-jayalalithaa-poes-garden-residence-attached-by-it-department.html | title=Is Jayalalithaa's Poes Garden residence under attachment by IT department? | website=The Week | date=27 January 2019}}</ref> Her brother's wedding took place at her Veda Nilayam home in Poes Garden in 1972.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/jayalalithaa-deepa.html | title=JAYA, MY AUNT Inheritance of loss | website=The Week | date=18 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-am-jayalalithaas-legal-heir-and-i-am-ready-fight-deepa-jayakumar-tnm-54131 |title=I am Jayalalithaa's legal heir and I am ready to fight: Deepa Jayakumar to TNM |publisher=The News Minute |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Her brother Jayakumar, his wife Vijayalakshmi and their daughter [[Deepa Jayakumar]] lived in Poes Garden with Jayalalithaa till 1978<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-deepa-jayakumar-questions-aunts-death-as-sasikala-readies-to-takeover-aiadmk-3151686.html |title=Jayalalithaa's niece Deepa Jayakumar aims to make things tricky for Sasikala |access-date=13 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219084533/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/jayalalithaa-dead-deepa-jayakumar-questions-aunts-death-as-sasikala-readies-to-takeover-aiadmk-3151686.html |archive-date=19 February 2017 }}</ref> and then moved to T.Nagar Madras at the bungalow 'Sandhya Illam' which was bought by mother of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Crowd-continues-to-swell-at-Deepa's-house/article17009933.ece |title = Crowd continues to swell at Deepa's house|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 9 January 2017|last1 = Jesudasan|first1 = Dennis S.}}</ref> Her brother was unhappy with adoption of Sudhakaran, a relative of Sasikala, as foster son of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{cite news|first=Somak |last=Ghoshal |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/12/10/jayalithaas-niece-deepa-jayakumar-challenges-sasikala-to-claim/ |title=Jayalalithaa's Niece Deepa Jayakumar Challenges Sasikala To Claim Her Aunt's Legacy |work=Huffington Post |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>
 
Jayalalithaa had adopted [[V. K. Sasikala|Sasikala]]'s nephew Sudhakaran in 1995 and disowned him in 1996.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://newsable.asianetnews.tv/south/son-for-one-year-why-did-jayalalithaa-disown-sudhakaran|title=Son-for-one-year: Why did Jayalalithaa disown foster son Sudhakaran?|newspaper=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|access-date=22 February 2017|language=en}}</ref> Her brother died in 1995 of heart attack.<ref>{{cite web|author=Julie Mariappan |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Niece-I-want-to-see-Jaya-aunt-they-stopped-me-at-the-gates/articleshow/54707118.cms |title=Jayalalithaa health: Jayalalitha News: Niece – I want to see Jaya aunt, they stopped me at the gates |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=6 October 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref>
 
She was fond of having dogs as her pets. But after death of Julie, a [[spitz]], in 1998 she could not bear the loss and hence discontinued keeping pet dogs at her home.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Lesser-known-facets-of-Jayalalithaa/article16762804.ece1|title=Lesser known facets of Jayalalithaa|date=6 December 2016|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>
 
== Film career ==
{{See also|Jayalalitha filmography}}
 
=== Early career ===
 
In Madras (now [[Chennai]]), Jayalalithaa was trained in [[Carnatic music]], western classical piano<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Lawyers-hail-HC%E2%80%99s-tribute-to-Jayalalithaa/article16788292.ece |title=Lawyers hail HC's tribute to Jayalalithaa |work=The Hindu |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> and various forms of classical dance, including [[Bharatanatyam]], [[Kuchipudi]], [[Mohiniyattam]], [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]], [[Kathak]].<ref name=NDTV1>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/people/jayalalithaa-the-amma-of-tamil-nadu-politics-1294266|title=Jayalalithaa, The Amma Of Tamil Nadu Politics|last=Ghosh|first=Deepshikha|website=[[NDTV]]|date=1 April 2016|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> She learnt Bharatnatyam and dance forms under K.J.Sarasa.<ref name="sp">{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=23 October 1965 |title=A New Bright Star |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12064/page/n221 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |volume=19 |pages=50–51}}</ref> She had also learnt Kuchipudi under Padma Bhushan Guru [[Vempati Chinna Satyam|Dr. Vempati Chinna Satyam]]. She became an accomplished dancer and gave her debut dance performance at the Rasika Ranjani Sabha in Mylapore in May 1960.<ref name="BS"/> The Chief Guest at the Arangetram was [[Shivaji Ganesan]], who called her a "thanga silai" (golden statue) and expressed wish that Jayalalithaa becomes a film star in future.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sivaji-ganesans-wish-12-year-old-jayalalithaa-ended-coming-true-45599 |title=Sivaji Ganesan's wish for 12-year-old Jayalalithaa ended up coming true |publisher=The News Minute |date=28 June 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/what-stars-who-worked-with-jayalalithaa-say/photostory/55848093.cms |title=What stars who worked with Jayalalithaa say! |publisher=timesofindia |date=5 December 2016}}</ref>
 
While a child, Jayalalithaa acted in the Kannada-language film ''[[Sri Shaila Mahathme]]'' (1961), which had [[Rajkumar (actor)|Rajkumar]] and [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know-/Jayalalitha-has-acted-in-Kannada-movies/articleshow/44752455.cms|title=Jayalilathaa has acted in Kannada|work=The Times of India|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref> She had been taken to the studio by her mother as she was shooting in the same premises for a different film. While Jayalalithaa was watching the shooting, a problem arose as the child actress playing the [[Goddess Parvathy]] in a school drama scene in the film failed to show up and the producer Neerlahalli Thalikerappa and director Aroor Pattabhi asked Sandhya if Jayalalithaa could be asked to act in the dance sequence. Sandhya agreed and Jayalalithaa was swiftly dressed up as Parvathy and the scene was shot in Sri Shaila Mahatme.<ref name="Khajane">{{cite news|last1=Khajane|first1=Muralidhara|title=Those Kannada days...|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Those-Kannada-days.../article16776901.ece|access-date=9 December 2016|work=The Hindu|date=8 December 2016}}</ref>
 
She played Lord [[Krishna]] in a three-minute dance sequence held on stage in the [[Hindi film]] [[Man-Mauji]] (1962) and danced with [[Kumari Naaz]] who played Radha. [[Y. G. Parthasarathy]] ran the drama troupe ''United Amateur Artistes'' (UAA), which staged English and Tamil plays. Soon Jayalalithaa while a schoolgirl began acting in some plays of Parthasarathy along with her mother and aunt. She acted in small roles in plays such as Tea House of the August Moon and ''Undersecretary'' between 1960 and 1964.
 
Shankar Giri, the son of the former [[President of India|Indian President]] [[V. V. Giri]], saw her small role in the English play ''Tea Houses of August Moon'' and was impressed. Shankar Giri approached her mother Sandhya and told he wanted to cast her daughter in an English film called ''The Epistle''. Sandhya reluctantly agreed with the condition that shooting should be held only during weekends or school holidays.<ref name="BS">{{cite news|title=People's CM Jayalalithaa, an enigma in life and in death|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/people-s-cm-jayalalithaa-an-enigma-in-life-and-in-death-116120600127_1.html|access-date=9 December 2016|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
 
Sandhya had acted in the 1964 Tamil film ''[[Karnan (1964 film)|Karnan]]'', produced and directed by Kannada film-maker [[B. R. Panthulu]]. Jayalalithaa accompanied her mother to a party related to the film and was spotted by Panthulu, who then decided to cast her opposite [[Kalyan Kumar]] in the Kannada movie ''[[Chinnada Gombe]]''. He promised to finish all shooting within two months in order not to interfere with her education. Since Jayalalithaa would be studying for her PUC in two months' time, Sandhya had declined the offer initially.<ref name=hans1>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/National/2016-12-06/A-super-star-in-reel--real-life/267246|title=A super star in reel & real life|work=[[The Hans India]]|date=6 December 2016|access-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> Sandhya agreed when that promise was made and Jayalalithaa started acting and she was paid {{INRConvert|3|k|year=1967}}. Panthulu kept his promise and completed shooting in six weeks. Jayalalithaa had forgotten all about films after acting in her Kannada debut film and had got ready to attend classes at [[Stella Maris College, Chennai|Stella Maris]] as she had the ambition to be a [[lawyer]]. But the Kannada debut film became a [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]] in 1964 and she became a well-known face.
 
Meanwhile, Jayalalithaa continued acting in Parthasarathy's plays. She played the leading role in plays such as ''Malathi'', ''The Whole Truth'', and the dance drama ''Kaveri Thanda Kalaiselvi'' between 1960 and 1966. She made her debut as the lead actress in [[Kannada]] films while still in school, age 15, in ''[[Chinnada Gombe]]'' (1964).<ref name=hans1/> She also appeared in a dance sequence of a song named "Malligeya Hoovinantha" in the movie ''[[Amarashilpi Jakanachari (film)|Amarashilpi Jakanachari]]'' (1964).<ref name="outlook20110321"/>
 
She made her debut in Tamil theatre in April 1964, when she played a sales girl in the drama named ''Undersecretary''. Parthasarathy and Sandhya were the lead characters, while Jayalalitha and [[Cho Ramaswamy]] were paired together and [[A. R. Srinivasan]] was also involved. The play was based on the lives of middle aged couple and Jayalaithaa played character of sales girl in the drama. Her performance caused Parthasarathy to make her lead heroine in a drama named ''Malathy''. Meanwhile, the films she had shot during her vacation in April–May 1964—''Chinnada Gombe'' and ''[[Manushulu Mamathalu]]''—became blockbusters. By end of 1965, she had become popular among film producers and directors.<ref name=hans1/> She was approached by [[C. V. Sridhar]] for her Tamil film debut as well. Between 1964 and 1966 she did around 35 shows of drama named ''Malathy'' and later discontinued as she became very busy in films.<ref name="BS"/> It was during the year 1964, financial debts had increased of Sandhya and she suggested her daughter make use of the increasing film offers to come her way.<ref name="10 Lesser Known Facts"/>
 
Jayalalithaa's debut in Tamil cinema was the leading role in ''[[Vennira Aadai]]'' (1965), directed by [[C. V. Sridhar]].<ref name="sp"/> She made her debut in Telugu films as lead actress in ''Manushulu Mamathalu'' opposite Akkineni Nageswara Rao. Her last Telugu release was also opposite [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] in the film ''[[Nayakudu Vinayakudu]]'', which was released in 1980.<ref>{{cite web|title = Did You Know?|url = http://www.telugucinema.com/Did-You-Know|website = telugucinema.com|access-date=17 October 2015|date = 20 September 2015}}</ref> She was the first heroine to appear in [[skirt]]s in Tamil films.<ref name="iron lady">{{cite web|last=Nadar|first=Ganesh|title=J Jayalalithaa: The Iron Lady |url=http://www.rediff.com/election/2004/may/06espec1.htm |work=Rediff|date=6 May 2004|access-date=3 September 2011}}</ref> She acted in one Hindi film called ''[[Izzat (1968 film)|Izzat]]'', with [[Dharmendra]] as her male costar in 1968.<ref name="NDTV"/> She starred in 28 box-office hit films with M.G. Ramachandran between 1965 and 1973.<ref>{{cite web|title = Who is J Jayalalithaa?|url = http://www.ndtv.com/people/who-is-j-jayalalithaa-483055|website = NDTV.com|access-date=17 October 2015}}</ref> The first with [[M. G. Ramachandran|MGR]] was B.R. Panthalu's ''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (1965 film)|Aayirathil Oruvan]]'' in 1965 and their last film together was ''[[Pattikaattu Ponnaiya]]'' in 1973.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rangan|first=Baradwaj|author-link=Baradwaj Rangan|title=Off-screen deity, on-screen goddess|url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2016/12/08/off-screen-deity-on-screen-goddess/|website=baradwajrangan.wordpress.com|access-date=9 December 2016|date=8 December 2016}}</ref>
 
Jayalalithaa donated gold jewelleries she had to the then [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/no-bharat-ratna-for-jayalalithaa-madras-high-court-dismisses-pil-to-confer-late-cm-with-honour-3191124.html |title=No Bharat Ratna for Jayalalithaa? Madras High Court dismisses PIL to confer late CM with honour |work=Firstpost |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>
 
She had 11 successful releases in Tamil in 1966. In the opening credits of ''[[Arasa Kattalai]]'', for the first time her name was affixed with the phrase Kavarchi Kanni.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/arasa-kattalai-1967/article8514320.ece|title=Arasa Kattalai (1967)|date=24 April 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|last1=Guy|first1=Randor}}</ref> In 1967 she bought her bungalow, Veda Nilayam, in Poes Gardens for {{INRConvert|1.32|l|year=1967}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesnow.tv/articleshow/msid-4488180,prtpage-1.cms|title=Jaya assets worth Rs 113.73 cr, Rs 3.40 cr less than in 2015|work=Times Now|access-date=8 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604142232/http://www.timesnow.tv/articleshow/msid-4488180,prtpage-1.cms|archive-date=4 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
[[Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar]] was on the lookout for a regular heroine for his production after he had fight with the actress [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] after the release of ''Vetaikkaran'', and he signed Jayalalithaa on in 1965. She became a regular heroine for production house Devar films from 1966.<ref>{{cite news |first=Samiksha |last=Panda |url=http://scrolltoday.com/end-inspiration-jayalalithaa-jayaraman/ |title=The End of an Inspiration : Jayalalithaa Jayaraman |work=Scroll Today |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
 
[[Jaishankar]] was romantically paired with Jayalalithaa in eight Tamil films including ''[[Muthu Chippi]]'', ''[[Yaar Nee?]]'', ''[[Nee!]]'', ''[[Vairam]]'', ''[[Vandhale Magarasi]]'', ''[[Bommalattam (1968 film)|Bommalattam]]'' (1968), ''[[Raja Veetu Pillai]]'' and ''[[Avalukku Aayiram Kangal]]'', whereas the films ''[[Thanga Gopuram]]'' and ''[[Gowri Kalyanam]]'' had him play elder brother to her.
 
Jayalalithaa acted in twelve films as heroine opposite [[N. T. Rama Rao]], in Telugu—''[[Gopaludu Bhoopaludu]]'' (1967), ''[[Chikkadu Dorakadu (1967 film)|Chikkadu Dorakadu]]'' (1967), ''[[Tikka Sankaraiah]]'' (1968), ''[[Niluvu Dopidi]]'' (1968), ''[[Baghdad Gaja Donga]]'' (1968), ''[[Kathanayakudu (1969 film)|Kathanayakudu]]'' (1969), ''[[Kadaladu Vadaladu]]'' (1969), ''[[Gandikota Rahasyam]]'' (1969), ''[[Ali Baba 40 Dongalu]]'' (1970), ''[[Sri Krishna Vijayamu]]'' (1970), ''[[Sri Krishna Satya]]'' (1972), and ''[[Devudu Chesina Manushulu]]'' (1973). Jayalalitha had eight films with [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] in Telugu—''[[Manushulu Mamathalu]]'' (1965), ''[[Aastiparulu]]'' (1966), ''[[Brahmachari (1968 Telugu film)|Brahmachari]]'' (1968), ''[[Aadarsa Kutumbam]]'' (1969), ''[[Adrushtavanthulu]]'' (1969), ''[[Bharya Biddalu]]'' (1972), ''[[Premalu Pellillu]]'' (1974) and ''[[Nayakudu Vinayakudu]]'' (1980).
 
She also made a guest appearance in Telugu film ''[[Navaratri (1966 film)|Navarthi]]'' (1966). Her films in Telugu also included two with [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] and one each with [[Sobhan Babu]], [[Jaggayya]], [[Ramakrishna (Telugu actor)|Ramakrishna]] and [[Haranath (actor)|Haranath]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/Jayalalithaa%E2%80%99s-tryst-with-Telugu-films/article16765354.ece |title=Jayalalithaa's tryst with Telugu films |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> She was given on-screen credit as Kalai Selvi in most of her Tamil films since 1967.<ref name="hans1"/>
 
=== Later career ===
{| class="infobox" style="width: 25em; text-align: left; font-size: 70%; vertical-align: middle;"
|+ <span style="font-size: 9pt">'''List of Best Actress awards for J. Jayalalithaa '''</span>
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|- style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"
!style="vertical-align: middle;"| Award
| style="background:#cec; font-size:8pt; width:60px;"| Wins
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress]]
|{{won|5}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/specials/2016/dec/06/the-life-and-times-of-tamil-nadus-six-time-woman-chief-minister-1546011.html |title=The life and times of Tamil Nadu's six-time woman Chief Minister |newspaper=The New Indian Express |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;Tamil Nadu Cinema Fan Award for Best Actress
|{{won|8}}<ref name="Toi234"/>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil]]
|{{won|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/deccan+chronicle-epaper-deccanch/j+jayalalithaa+the+superstar-newsid-61061490 |title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=24 February 1948 |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]]
|{{won|1}}<ref name="Toi234">[[#The Times of India directory and year book including who's who|The Times of India directory and year book including who's who]], p 234</ref>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;Russian Film festival
|{{won|1}}<ref name="Toi234"/>
|- style="background:#eef;"
| style="text-align:center;"|
;Madras Film Association Awards for Best Actress
|{{won|7}}<ref name="Collections394">[[#Collections|Collections]], p 394</ref>
|}
 
Between 1965 and 1973, Jayalalithaa starred opposite [[M. G. Ramachandran]] in a number of successful films, including ''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (1965 film)|Aayirathil Oruvan]]'', ''[[Kavalkaran]]'', ''[[Adimai Penn]]'', ''[[Engal Thangam]]'', ''[[Kudiyirundha Koyil]]'', ''[[Ragasiya Police 115]]'' and ''[[Nam Naadu (1969 film)|Nam Naadu]]''.<ref name="NDTV"/><ref name="Ramaswamy">[[#Ramaswamy|Ramaswamy 2007]], p. 101</ref> [[Cho Ramaswamy]] cast her in the lead role in his directorial venture ''[[Yarrukkum Vetkam Illai]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/A-life-in-song/article16768634.ece|title=A life in song|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>
 
She acted with [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] in ten films—''Gowri Kalyanam ''(1966), ''[[Kumari Penn]]'' (1966), ''[[Naan]]'' (1967), ''[[Magaraasi|Magarasi]]'' (1967), ''[[Maadi Veettu Mappilai]]'' (1967), ''[[Panakkara Pillai]]'' (1968), ''[[Moondru Yezhuthu]]'' (1968), ''[[Andru Kanda Mugam]]'' (1968), ''[[Avalukku Aayiram Kangal]]'' and ''[[Baghdad Perazhagi]]'' (1974).<ref name="hans1"/> In 1972, she acted opposite [[Sivaji Ganesan]] in ''[[Pattikada Pattanama]]'', which went on to win the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]] in 1973.
 
In 1973, she acted in ''[[Sri Krishna Satya]]'', which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress in Telugu.<ref name="TOI1984">[[#TOI|TOI 1984]], p. 305</ref> Her other films with Sivaji Ganesan include ''[[Galatta Kalyanam]]'' and ''[[Deiva Magan (1969 film)|Deiva Magan]]''; the latter holds the distinction of being the first Tamil film to be submitted by India for an [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a6IsAAAAMAAJ |last=R.L|first=Hardgrave|title=Essays in the political sociology of South India|year=1979|publisher=Usha|page=120|isbn=9780836406054|access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>
 
Jayalalithaa was paired opposite [[Sivaji Ganesan]] in 17 films. She acted in six films with [[R. Muthuraman]] as a romantic leading pair—''[[Dhikku Theriyadha Kaattil]]'', ''[[Thirumangalyam]]'', ''[[Kanavan Manaivi]]'', ''[[Avandhan Manidhan]]'', ''[[Suryagandhi]]'', ''[[Anbu Thangai]]''<ref name="hans1"/> and Muthuraman played supporting roles in ''[[Kannan En Kadhalan]]'', ''[[Major Chandrakanth (1966 film)|Major Chandrakanth]]'', ''[[Naan (1967 film)|Naan]]'', ''[[En Annan]]'', [[Adi Parashakti]], ''[[Thaer Thiruvizha]]'', ''[[Dharmam Engey]]'', ''[[Chitra Pournami (film)|Chitra Pournami]]'' and ''[[Oru Thaai Makkal]]''. She made her debut in Malayalam with ''[[Jesus (1973 film)|Jesus]]'' (1973).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jesus: 1973|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/old-is-gold-jesus-1973/article7043457.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=29 March 2015|access-date=22 February 2016|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN}}</ref> Her 100th film was ''[[Thirumangalyam]]'' (1974), directed by [[A. Vincent]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/cinematographer-director-a-vincent-passes-away-115022500852_1.html|title=Director Vincent passes away|newspaper=Business Standard|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref>
 
She was romantically paired opposite [[Sivakumar]] in ''[[Kandan Karunai]]'' and ''[[Sri Krishna Leela (1977 film)|Sri Krishna Leela]]''. Sivakumar played supporting roles in Shakti Leelai, Yarrukum Vetkam Ilali, [[Thirumangalyam]], Annaivelakanni, Kavalkaran, Motoram Sunderapillai and Ganga Gowri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=174&catName=MTk2OA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184625/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=174&catName=MTk2OA|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 October 2013|website=Box Office India|title=Box office report of 1968|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>
 
The heroes of her films never objected to the title of the film being conferred on the female lead played by Jayalalithaa. ''[[Adimai Penn]]'', ''[[Kanni Thaai]]'', and ''[[Kannan En Kadhalan]]'' had Ramachandran as the lead male hero but the story and the title was built around the character played by Jayalalithaa. Similarly, ''Engerindo Vandhaal'', ''[[Sumathi En Sundari]]'', [[Paadhukaappu]] and ''[[Anbai Thedi]]'' had Sivaji Ganeshan as the male lead but the title and the story was built around her character. She did many female-centric films where the story revolved on her character, such as ''Vennira Adai'', ''[[Yaar Nee? (film)|Yaar Nee?]]'', ''[[Kumari Penn]]'', ''[[Nee (film)|Nee]]'', ''[[Gowri Kalyanam]], [[Magaraasi]], [[Muthu Chippi]], [[Thanga Gopuram]], [[Avalukku Ayiram Kangal]], [[Annamitta Kai]], [[Vandhaale Magaraasi]], [[Suryagandhi]], [[Thirumangalyam]], [[Yarukkum Vetkam Illai]]'', and ''[[Kanavan Manaivi]]''.
 
She received the title "Nadippuku Ilakkium Vahuthavar" from then [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] [[M. Karunanidhi|Karunanidhi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/tamil-nadu/history-j-jayalalithaa-from-mysore-to-chennai-290110 |title=வரலாறு: ஜெ. ஜெயலலிதா மைசூர் முதல் சென்னை வரை! |work=zeenews |date=6 December 2016|language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/jayalalitha-biography-tamil-248513.html |title=அதிமுக கொ.ப.செ... பொதுச்செயலாளர்... தமிழக முதல்வர்... ஜெ. அரசியல் பயணம்|work=oneindia tamil |date=9 March 2016|language=ta}}</ref> and also won Tamil Nadu Cinema Fan Award for Best Actress for her 100th film ''[[Thirumangalyam]]'' in 1974.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/international/india/jayalalithaa-from-film-star-to-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu|title=Remembering Jayalalithaa: From film star to Tamil Nadu CM |newspaper=Khaleej Times|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her last film in Tamil was ''[[Nadhiyai Thedi Vandha Kadal]]'' (1980).<ref name="NDTV">{{cite news|title=Who is J Jayalalithaa?|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/who-is-j-jayalalithaa-211841|publisher=NDTV|location=Chennai|date=17 May 2012|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> Her last film as the heroine was ''[[Nayakudu Vinayakudu]]'' in Telugu,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/revisiting-top-10-movies-j-jayalalithaa-706973 |title=Revisiting the top 10 movies of J Jayalalithaa |work=IBTimes |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> which became the highest grosser of the year in Telugu.
 
Her successful Kannada films include ''[[Badukuva Daari]]'' (1966), ''[[Mavana Magalu]]'' (1965), ''[[Nanna Kartavya]]'' (1965), ''[[Chinnada Gombe]]'' (1964) and ''[[Mane Aliya]]'' (1964). Jayalalithaa holds the record for having been the Tamil actress with maximum silver jubilee hits in her career—85 hits of 92 Tamil films as main female lead heroine and she also has all 28 films in Telugu as silver jubilee hits.<ref name="10 Lesser Known Facts">[http://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/10-lesser-known-facts-about-our-leaders-jayalalitha/index.html], behindwoods.com; accessed 23 May 2016.</ref> She was the highest-paid Indian actress from 1965 to 1980. She made guest appearances in nine films and six of her films were dubbed into Hindi. She had 119 box office hits between 1961 and 1980, of the total 125 films she did as the main female lead. She made a brief appearance in 1992's ''[[Neenga Nalla Irukkanum]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jayalalitha-makes-brief-appearance-in-neenga-nalla-irukkanum-movie-bombs-at-box-office/1/308343.html|title=Jayalalithaa's brief appearance in Neenga nalla irukanum|magazine=India Today|access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref>
 
Jayalalithaa won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress]] for ''Thanga Gopuram'' in 1971, ''Raman Thediya Seethai'' in 1972, ''Suryagandhi'' in 1973, ''Thirumangalyam'' in 1974, and ''Yarukkum Vetkam Illai'' in 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/051216/j-jayalalithaa-the-superstar.html|title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar|publisher=Deccanchronicle.com|access-date=6 December 2016|date=5 December 2016}}</ref> She acted in mythological films like ''Kandan Karunai'', ''Aadhi Parashakti'', ''Shri Krishna Satya'', ''Shri Krishna Vijayam'', ''Shri Rama Katha'', ''Shri Krishna Leela'', ''Shakti Leelai'', ''Ganga Gowri'', ''[[Annai Velankanni]]'' and [[Jesus (1973 film)|''Jesus'']]. Her period dramas include ''Ayirathil Oruvan'', ''[[Neerum Neruppum]]'', ''[[Mani Magudam]]'', ''Adimai Penn'', ''Ali Baba 40 Dongalu'', ''Arasa Katalai'', and ''Baghdad Perazhagi''.
 
She acquired the reputation of being a multi-faceted actor equally comfortable in fantasy and mythological genres as well as in modern social dramas<ref>{{cite web|title=Jayalalithaa, the golden girl of Tamil cinema|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/jayalalithaa-the-golden-girl-of-tamil-cinema/story-4btYTbOsQmYwzjJMYRyQ9K.html|website=hindustantimes.com|access-date=23 February 2016|date=27 September 2014}}</ref> and hence in 1969, in Tamil Conference, she was given the tag of "Kaveri Thandha Kalai Selvi".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/051216/j-jayalalithaa-the-superstar.html|title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar|date=6 December 2016|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=18 December 2016}}</ref>
 
She, [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] and [[Saroja Devi]] have been cited as the first female superstars of Tamil cinema. She did double roles in eight films.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/remembering-cho-ramaswamy-from-theatre-to-films-a-lodestar-of-lampoon-3144504.html|title=Remembering Cho Ramaswamy: From theatre to films, a lodestar of lampoon|work=Firstpost|date=29 July 2015|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>
 
She received Special Award from Filmfare for her performances in 'Chandhrodhayam', 'Adimai Penn' and 'Engirundho Vandhaal' in the years 1966, 1969 and 1970 as the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] was introduced only in 1972.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailyreport.in/j-jayalalithaa-superstar/ |title=J Jayalalithaa: The Superstar |work=Daily Report |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211093529/http://www.dailyreport.in/j-jayalalithaa-superstar/ |archive-date=11 February 2017 }}</ref> Her performance in ''[[Pattikada Pattanama]]'', [[Suryakanthi|''Suryagandhi'']] were critically acclaimed and won her consecutive [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] in 1972 and 1973, respectively.
 
From 1968 to 1973, at the peak of her career she took interviews and wrote columns in the magazines like ''Bommai''. She wrote a column-"Ennangal Sila" in magazine ''[[Thuglak]]'' in the 1970s. She also wrote a short story, "Oravin Kaidhigal", for the magazine ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'', "Manadhai Thotta Malargal" for ''Thaai'' magazine in the early 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nbg2eX-M320|title=TN CM Jayalalithaa service as a Journalist in Private News paper|publisher=YouTube|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref> She wrote about her own life in a serialised memoir in the Tamil weekly magazine ''[[Kumudam]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/jayalalithaa-wrote-of-pining-for-mother-blowing-away-sivaji-ganesan-1634946|title=Jayalalithaa Wrote Of Pining For Mother, Blowing Away Sivaji Ganesan|publisher=Ndtv.com|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>
 
In 1980, she decided to voluntarily decline any new film offers. The journalist Brian Laul wrote an article specifying Jayalalithaa was trying for a comeback but was not being offered any roles. Jayalalithaa chose to respond to him by writing a letter, in which she mentioned that she was not struggling to make any comeback and that she turned down the offer from producer [[K. Balaji|Balaji]] to star in ''[[Billa (1980 film)|Billa]]'' (1980) alongside [[Rajinikanth]]. She added she wanted to pursue other interests and was not interested in pursuing her film career any further.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/this-letter-sent-by-jayalalithaa-to-a-journalist-in-1980-shows-just-how-classy-she-was-4413621|title=This letter sent by Jayalalithaa to a journalist in 1980 shows just how classy she was |work=The Indian Express|date=10 June 1980 |access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref>
 
Her closest friends from film industry included [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Manorama-called-me-Ammu-Jayalalithaa-says/articleshow/49311504.cms |title=Manorama called me Ammu, Jayalalithaa says |work=The Times of India |date=11 October 2015 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> [[Cho Ramaswamy]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Cho-Ramaswamy-a-long-time-friend-but-vocal-critic-of-Jayalalithaa/article16771674.ece |title=Cho Ramaswamy: a long-time friend but vocal critic of Jayalalithaa |work=The Hindu |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> [[Rajasree]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[B. Saroja Devi|Saroja Devi]], [[Sachu|Kumari Sachu]], [[Anjali Devi]], [[Sowcar Janaki]], [[Sukumari]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://teluguglobal.in/jayalalithas-lunch-with-her-yester-year-film-stars-in-2012/ |title=Jayalalithaa's lunch with her yester year film stars in 2012 |publisher=Teluguglobal.in |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]], [[R. Muthuraman]], [[Nagesh]], [[M. N. Nambiar]], [[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]], [[S. A. Asokan]], [[Jaishankar]], [[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V.K.Ramaswamy]], [[Major Sundarrajan]], [[P.Susheela]], [[Sheela]], [[M. S. Viswanathan]], [[L. R. Eswari]], [[R.S.Manohar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0412883/quotes |title=Jayalalitha J – Quotes |publisher=IMDb |access-date=3 May 2017 }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 
She quoted on M. G. Ramachandran, "He was a very warm and caring kind of a person. And after Mother died, he replaced her in my life. He was everything to me. He was mother, father, brother, friend, philosopher, guide. Everything. He sort of took over my life." In many of her interviews she often said she entered films on being asked by her mother and entered politics on request by M. G. Ramachandran.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2016/dec/06/i-dont-think-anyone-has-taken-more-criticism-than-i-have-jaya-told-simi-garewal-1546016.html |title=I don't think anyone has taken more criticism than I have: Jaya to Simi Garewal |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>
 
== Political career ==
{{main|Political career of Jayalalithaa}}
 
== Controversies ==
=== Personality cult ===
Followers of Jayalalithaa often worshiped her as a divine being. She stimulated a cult following, and adoring supporters often termed her "[[Adi Parashakti]]" (the eternal mighty goddess).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37503616|title=Jayalalitha: The 'goddess' of Tamil Nadu politics|last=Tilak|first=Sudha G.|date=5 December 2016|work=BBC News|access-date=7 August 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> Several experts say that over the years the cult called 'Amma' has been carefully crafted. Others claim that the emotional outburst is just a spontaneous display of loyalist support. C Lakshmanan of the Madras Development Institute studies, who has studied personality cult in the politics of Tamil Nadu, said posters were installed around the state portraying Jayalalithaa as a goddess back then.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cult-personality-or-cultivated-loyalty-what-explains-outpouring-of-grief-for-the-jailed-jayalalithaa/articleshow/44785277.cms|title=Cult personality or cultivated loyalty: What explains outpouring of grief for the jailed Jayalalithaa?|last=Shanker|first=V. Prem|work=The Economic Times|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> She was worshiped by the party cadre as "Amma" (Mother). She made sure the respect and loyalty of the functionaries of the party was there for everyone to see. The entire Cabinet would fall in line and bow in front of the helicopter in which it was flying. Members of the party, at all levels never found it difficult to prostrate before her in full view of the public.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/The-enduring-enigma-that-was-Jayalalithaa/article16761203.ece|title=The enduring enigma that was Jayalalithaa|last=Kumar|first=B. Aravind|date=6 December 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=7 August 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Many of her worshipping followers are known to profess their loyalty through acts such as walking on hot coals or drawing her portrait with their blood.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=2009-03-30|title=Profile: Jayaram Jayalalitha|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4762593.stm|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref> S Kirubakaran who is a Journalist-turned-advocate, wrote a book on Jayalalitha titled, 'Ammavin Kathai,' said that when MGR was a Chief Minister, he carefully chose MLAs and Ministers for the first time after going through their knowledge and experience. But Jayalalithaa had begun to assign those who praised her.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thefederal.com/states/south/tamil-nadu/3-years-after-jayas-death-aiadmk-seems-out-of-servitude-and-subjugation/|title=3 years after Jaya's death, AIADMK seems out of servitude, subjugation|last=Chandrajit Mitra|date=5 December 2019|website=The Federal|language=en-US|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> Even after her death, the AIADMK leaders continued to prostrate themselves before her burial ground.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/for-all-her-political-success-it-s-time-to-admit-jayalalithaa-was-no-amma/story-Mq9FelI5zqxD8z4WljrtbO.html|title=For all her political success, it's time to admit Jayalalithaa was no Amma|date=17 February 2017|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/opinion-post-jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-politics-amma-legacy|title=Jayalalithaa's 'Tainted' Legacy and Where AIADMK Goes From Here|last=Sudhir|first=T. S.|date=4 December 2017|website=TheQuint|language=en|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>
 
=== 1999 Attempted murder case ===
A case of murder attempt were registered against Jayalalithaa, her close associate Sasikala, and Sasikala's nephew V Mahadivan has been recorded by the Chennai police on following a complaint by former Jayalalithaa's auditor, Rajasekaran, who alleged that he was summoned to the Poes Garden bungalow and violently assaulted by Jayalalithaa, Sasikala and Mahadevan with a stick and high-heeled shoes.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Aravind|first=Indulekha|title=Eulogised in death, Jayalalithaa leaves a checkered legacy|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jayalalithaa-had-to-combat-ruthless-peer-pressure-all-her-life/articleshow/55914253.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref> Rajasekaran also stated that he had been forced by Jayalalithaa and Sasokala to sign two letters and a promissory note in respect of ₹50 lakhs. Jayalalithaa, however, denied the charges in a statement.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bearak|first=Barry|date=16 March 1999|title=In the Hands Of India Star, A Spike Heel Could Hurt|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/16/world/in-the-hands-of-india-star-a-spike-heel-could-hurt.html|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rediff On The NeT: TN defies Centre in assault case against Jaya|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/1999/mar/20aiadmk.htm|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>
 
== Corruption cases ==
=== 1996 colour TV case ===
{{Main|Colour TV case}}
In the [[Colour TV case|colour TV corruption case]] involving the purchase of TV sets to villagers, Jayalalithaa was charged and arrested. The TV sets were provided in the framework of a government education and entertainment plan for the village population. Officials said the TVs were purchased at inflated prices and claimed that some of the money paid for TV stations was returned as kickbacks to government officials.<ref>{{Cite news|last=BSCAL|date=15 May 1998|title=Jaya Charged In Rs 10crore Colour Tv Scam|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/jaya-charged-in-rs-10crore-colour-tv-scam-198051501011_1.html|access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref> Later, she was acquitted as the accusation against them were not proven beyond doubt.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalitha acquitted in colour TV scam|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/20000531/ina31026.html|publisher=The Indian Express|date=21 August 2009|work=Press Trust of India|access-date=9 February 2021|location=Chennai|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140217192259/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/20000531/ina31026.html|archive-date=17 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
Detained in 1996, the media reported that 21.28&nbsp;kg of [[Gold jewellery|gold jewels]] worth Rs 3.5 crore, 10,500 [[sari]]s, 91 [[Luxury watch|designer watches]], 750 pairs of shoes, 1,250&nbsp;kg of silver objects worth 3.12 crores, diamonds worth 2 crores, a silver sword and 19 vehicles were among the priceless treasures found at her house.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shivashankar|first=BV|title=J Jayalalithaa: Jayalalithaa's 10,500 saris, 750 slippers, 500 wine glasses in court|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/J-Jayalalithaas-seized-wealth-is-under-24-hour-vigil-in-Karnatakas-courts/articleshow/55886301.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
 
=== 1995 Foster son and luxury wedding corruption ===
In 1995, Jayalalithaa's assistant Sasikala's nephew Sudhakaran was engaged to the youngest daughter of Sivaji Ganesan. Jayalalithaa was a chief minister of state by this time. Jaya declared that Sudhakaran would be adopted as her foster son and said that she would be performing his marriage as his mother.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="tnmfoster">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/once-jayalalithaas-favoured-foster-son-sudhakaran-now-refused-entry-apollo-50968|title=Once Jayalalithaa's favoured foster son, Sudhakaran now refused entry into Apollo|website=thenewsminute.com|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>
 
The wedding occupied a 2-km long lighted baraat pathway, ten dining halls each accommodating 25,000 people, and a 75,000 square foot pandal. Tons of plywood, paris plaster and paint were used to erect cut-outs of Jayalalitha, arches, several hundred papier-mache statues, elaborate facades of palaces and gateways. The VIP invitations included a silver plate enclosed in a container, a silk saree and a silk dhoti, each worth ₹20,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19950930-jayalalithas-foster-son-married-off-amid-extravagance-and-controversy-808220-1995-09-30|title=Jayalalitha's foster son married off amid extravagance and controversy|last=SHEKHAR|first=G. C.|date=30 September 1995|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> The marriage hosted more than 1,000 VIPs. More than 40,000 guests were granted accommodation in the hotel. A legion of elephants and chefs brought in from Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jayalalithaa-lied-she-spent-3-crores-on-foster-sons-wedding-says-court-674500|title=Jayalalithaa Lied, She Spent 3 Crores on Foster Son's Wedding, Says Court|website=NDTV.com|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> The incident, hailed as "the mother of all marriages". People's anger  mounted against her as the crores were lavished at the wedding, and Jayalalithaa and Sassikala became symbols of corruption. She was accused of using government money to celebrate the grand marriage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38441705|title=Sasikala: The 'new mother' of Tamil Nadu politics|date=29 December 2016|work=BBC News|access-date=7 August 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> The marriage may have triggered the AIADMK to lose all 39 Lok Sabha seats in the [[1996 general election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Disowned-foster-son-joins-Jaya-in-prison/articleshow/43760402.cms|title=Disowned foster son joins Jaya in prison {{!}} Chennai News – Times of India|last=TNN|date=29 September 2014|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
 
She was later sentenced for 4 years in jail in 2014 for corruption related to the marriage and the [[Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa|Disproportionate assets case]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/jayalalithaa-sentenced-to-4-years-in-jail-clashes-in-tamil-nadu/story-oVofwzwZZrOVwJNaA97xRP.html|title=Jayalalithaa sentenced to 4 years in jail; clashes in Tamil Nadu|date=27 September 2014|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>
 
Jayalalithaa owns a [[Guinness Book of World Records]] for conducting the luxury wedding. The record shows that over 1,50,000 guests have been invited. The Income-Tax Dept estimated the cost of the wedding at ₹10 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nation-world/5-facts-you-didnt-know-about-j-jayalalithaa/guinness-book-of-world-records-for-sons-wedding/slideshow/55815874.cms|title=5 facts you didn't know about J Jayalalithaa – Unknown facts about Amma|website=The Economic Times|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>
 
Jayalalithaa later disowned Sudhakaran as her foster son.<ref name="tnmfoster" />
 
=== 1998 TANSI land deal case ===
{{Main|TANSI land acquisition case}}
The TANSI land deal case refers to the purchase of land by Jaya Publications, which included Jayalalithaa and her friend Sasikala, from the State Small Industry Company, Tansi, [[Guindy]]. Justice P Anbhazhagan delivered the judgment, and said that the evidence stated in the prosecution sheet, and that the sale deed of the prime land in Guindy had been carried out on 29 May 1992, in the unequivocal aim of cheating against the government. The Supreme Court disqualified her in September 2001, resulting in her stepping down and which made [[O Panneerselvam|O. Panneerselvam]] as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu. The Madras High Court acquitted her and other 5 accused in the case of all the charges on 4 December 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=23-year-old TANSI case has finally ended for Jayalalithaa: A look back|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/23-year-old-tansi-case-has-finally-ended-jayalalithaa-look-back-21350|access-date=3 June 2020|website=www.thenewsminute.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Subramani|first1=A.|last2=2015|title=23 years on, HC brings curtains down on TANSI case against Jaya|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/23-years-on-HC-brings-curtains-down-on-TANSI-case-against-Jaya/articleshow/46472629.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
 
=== Disproportionate assets case ===
{{Main|Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa}}Jayalalithaa was initially convicted of misusing her office during her tenure in 1991–1996. [[Subramanian Swamy]] was the main petitioner. Some of the accusations concerned expenditure on her foster son's luxurious marriage in 1996 and acquiring properties worth more than 66.65 crore, as well as jewelry, bank deposits, investment and a convoy of luxury vehicles. The trial lasted for 18 years. Justice [[John Michael D'Cunha]], in a detailed judgement, showed that the entire asset belonged to the accused and no one else.<ref name="FL">{{cite web |title=From trial court verdict by John Michael D'Cunha |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/from-trial-court-verdict-by-john-michael-dcunha/article7247470.ece |website=Frontline |access-date=30 October 2020}}</ref> On 11 May 2015, Jayalalithaa was absolved of all charges by the [[High Court of Karnataka]]. On 14 February 2017, the Supreme Court of India overruled the High Court of Karnataka. Sasikala and the other accused were convicted and sentenced to four years in prison, as well as to a fine of ₹10 crore each.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jayalalithaas-court-appearance-over-heads-back-to-chennai-565662|title=Jayalalithaa's court appearance over, heads back to Chennai|website=NDTV.com|access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sasikalas-conviction-in-wealth-case-upheld-by-supreme-court/articleshow/57140345.cms|title=Sasikala news: Sasikala's conviction in wealth case upheld by Supreme Court {{!}} India News – Times of India|last=Mahapatra|first=Dhananjay|date=14 February 2017|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
 
=== 2000 Pleasant Stay hotel case ===
{{Main|Pleasant Stay hotel case}}{{See also|2000 Dharmapuri bus burning}}
Pleasant Stay hotel case is the construction of the seven-story hotel "Pleasant stay" in Kodaikanal, which was in breach of the rules for the construction of the seven-story building in a blue ville in the tourist resort town in Kodaikanal. Jayalalithaa, Selvaganapathy and Pandey granted a permission to create a seven-story structure at the hotel. The case was related to Jayalalithaa's supposed clearance by violating government rules to the development of a hotel in [[ecological]]ly significant [[Kodaikanal]]. Jayalalithaa was sentenced in February 2000 to one year's strict imprisonment, with the penalty fined Rs.1000 for conspiracy and criminal misconduct as a public employee. After the court's decision, AIADMK cadres started to riot and arson which burned alive three female students in the [[2000 Dharmapuri bus burning|Dharmapuri bus burning]] and many were killed and injured.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Correspondent|first=Our Special|date=3 February 2000|title=HOTEL CASE VERDICT: AIADMK volunteers go berserk|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/hotel-case-verdict-aiadmk-volunteers-go-berserk/article27999900.ece|access-date=3 June 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Madras high court later acquitted her on 4 December 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jayalalithaa's blast from the past – convictions and imprisonments|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayalalithaa%E2%80%99s-blast-past-%E2%80%93-convictions-and-imprisonments-22478|access-date=3 June 2020|website=www.thenewsminute.com}}</ref>
 
== Illness, death and reactions ==
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee paying tributes to the mortal remains of Ms. J. Jayalalithaa, in Chennai on December 06, 2016.jpg|thumb|left|The then [[President of India|President]] [[Pranab Mukherjee]] paying tribute to Jayalalithaa in [[Rajaji Hall]]]]
On 22 September 2016, Jayalalithaa was admitted to [[Apollo Hospitals]] in Chennai, as she was suffering from an infection and acute [[dehydration]]. Her official duties were handed over to her aide [[O. Panneerselvam]] on 12 October 2016, though she continued to remain as the chief minister of the state.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/o-panneerselvam-to-hold-tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaas-portfolios/articleshow/54799672.cms|title=Panneerselvam to hold CM's portfolios|date=12 October 2016|publisher=Economic time|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> She was also said to be suffering from a severe pulmonary infection and [[septicaemia]], which were cured. On 4 December 2016, she was re-admitted to the intensive care unit after suffering a cardiac arrest around 16:45.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38167021 |title=India's Jayaram Jayalalitha still 'critical' after heart attack |newspaper=BBC |date=5 December 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref> The hospital released a press statement stating that her condition was "very critical" and that she was on life support.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/jayalalithaas-health-status-live-cm-in-grave-situation-says-apollo-hospitals-md-3139806.html |title=CM in grave situation, says Apollo Hospitals MD |work=Firstpost |date=29 July 2015 |access-date=5 December 2016}}</ref> On 5 December 2016, the hospital announced her death and she became the first female chief minister to die in office in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Amma-no-more-Tamil-Nadu-chief-minister-Jayalalithaa-body|title=Jayalalitha passes away|newspaper=Indian Express|date=5 December 2016}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 
[[Government of India]] declared a one-day [[National day of mourning|national mourning]] with the national flag in all government buildings flying at half-mast.<ref name="jjuabh">{{cite news|last1=Ankita|first1=Bhandari|title=Central govt announces one-day mourning after Jayalalithaa's death|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/tamil-nadu/central-govt-announces-one-day-mourning-after-jayalalithaas-death_1956239.html|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[Zee News]]|date=6 December 2016|location=New Delhi}}</ref> While a seven-day mourning from 6 to 12 December 2016 was observed by [[Government of Tamil Nadu]],<ref name="natmotn">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Centre declares one-day national mourning for Amma, Tricolour to fly at half mast|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-dead-centre-declares-one-day-national-mourning-for-amma-4412903/|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=New Delhi}}</ref> also three day state mourning from 6 to 8 December 2016 were observed by [[Government of Kerala]]<ref name="jker">{{cite news|title=Three-day official mourning declared in Kerala after Jayalalithaa's demise|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2016/dec/06/three-day-official-mourning-declared-in-kerala-after-jayalalithaas-demise-1546234.html|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Thiruvananthapuram]]}}</ref> and the [[Government of Puducherry]].<ref name="jjpy">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Pondicherry announces 3-day state mourning|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-death-pondicherry-announces-3-day-state-mourning-4413260/|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[Indian Express]]|date=7 December 2016|location=[[Pondicherry|Puducherry]]}}</ref> One day state mourning on 6 December 2016 was observed by [[Government of Karnataka]],<ref name="jjka">{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa death: Karnataka declares a day of mourning|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-death-karnataka-declares-a-day-of-mourning-4413070/|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Bengaluru]]}}</ref>[[Government of Bihar]],<ref name="jjbih">{{cite news|title=All of Bihar is mourning Jayalalithaa's demise: Nitish Kumar|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-bihar-jayalalithaa-death-4413207/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Patna]]}}</ref>[[Government of West Bengal]],<ref name="jjwb">{{cite news|title=West Bengal declares state mourning on Jayalalithaa's death |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/West-Bengal-declares-state-mourning-on-Jayalalithaas-death/articleshow/55842062.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 December 2016|location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref>[[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]]<ref name="jjpunj">{{cite news|title=One day's state mourning in Punjab on Jayalalithaa's|url=http://www.uniindia.com/one-day-s-state-mourning-in-punjab-on-jayalalithaa-s/states/news/709156.html|access-date=17 December 2016|work=[[United News of India]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> and [[Government of Goa]].<ref name="jjgoa">{{cite news|title=Goa govt mourns death of Jayalalithaa|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/state-govt-mourns-death-of-jayalalithaa/articleshow/55846817.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=7 December 2016|location=[[Panaji]]}}</ref> Her body was kept [[in state]] at her residence Veda Nilayam in Poes Garden and later at [[Rajaji Hall]] for public to pay their tribute. Her last rites were performed on the evening of 6 December 2016 and she was [[Burial|buried]] at the northern end of the [[Marina Beach]] in Chennai in a sandalwood casket engraved with "Puratchi Thalaivi Selvi J Jayalalithaa", near the grave of her mentor [[M. G. Ramachandran]] at the [[MGR Memorial]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/pm-narendra-modi-to-visit-chennai-to-pay-homage-to-jayalalithaa-10-points-1634456?pfrom=home-lateststories|title=Jayalalithaa To Be Buried In Sandalwood Casket Next To Mentor MGR|work=[[NDTV]]|date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Tamil-Nadu-chief-minister-Jayalalithaa-laid-to-rest/articleshow/55837086.cms |title=Jayalalitha last rites: Amma's Death: Jayalalithaa buried with full state honours |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jayalalithaa-s-achievements-were-discussed-by-manmohan-pranab/story-fQTxbUqbNAFKnxWmaIRWwJ_amp.html |title=Jayalalithaa's achievements were discussed by Manmohan, Pranab |access-date=12 February 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122191824/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jayalalithaa-s-achievements-were-discussed-by-manmohan-pranab/story-fQTxbUqbNAFKnxWmaIRWwJ_amp.html |archive-date=22 January 2017 }}</ref>
 
Dispelling rumours surrounding Jayalalithaa's death, Dr. Richard Beale, the consultant intensivist from the [[London Bridge Hospital]], said the former Tamil Nadu chief minister was critically ill and acute sepsis led to her death.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/doctors-treating-jayalalithaa-reveal-details-here-are-10-major-points/articleshow/56999011.cms|title=UK doctor reveals details behind Jaya's death 'mystery': Major points from his press conference in TN|date=6 February 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>
 
In September 2017, [[C. Sreenivaasan]] of AIADMK courted controversy by saying that V. K. Sasikala's family was responsible for Jayalalithaa's death. Sreenivasan said that he had to lie about the late chief minister's death because of pressure.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jayalalithaa-maa-death-sreenivasan-dhinakaran-apollo-hospital-1050830-2017-09-23|title=How did J Jayalalithaa die? A year later, AIADMK leader says was forced to lie about Amma's death|website=India Today}}</ref>
 
==In popular culture==
In [[Mani Ratnam]]'s political drama ''[[Iruvar]]'' (1997), the character of Kalpana portrayed by [[Aishwarya Rai]], was inspired by Jayalalithaa and her professional and personal relationship with [[M. G. Ramachandran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2016/dec/07/how-mani-ratnams-iruvar-put-the-spotlight-on-jaya-1546363.html|title=How Mani Ratnam's Iruvar put the spotlight on Jaya|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/071216/throwback-when-aishwarya-rai-bachchan-played-jayalalithaa-on-the-big-screen.html|title=Throwback: When Aishwarya played Jayalalithaa on the big-screen|date=7 December 2016|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/2016/12/06/aishwarya-rai-played-jayalalithaa-iruvar-mani-ratnam-mgr-mohanlal-karunanidhi-tamil-film-prakash-raj|title=Aishwarya Rai as Jayalalithaa: When the Big Screen Proved Small|website=The Quint|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> [[Faisal Saif]] completed work on major portions of a film titled ''[[Amma (2018 film)|Amma]]'' between 2014 and 2016, but was forced to shelve it following threats from members of Jayalalithaa's political party. The makers denied that the film was a biopic, but stated that actress [[Ragini Dwivedi]] portrayed a role resembling the politician.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jayalalithaa-reel-and-real-life-inspires-amma-208217-2014-10-01|title=Jayalalithaa's reel and real life inspires Amma|first1=Aravind Gowda|last1=October 1|first2=2014UPDATED|last2=October 1|first3=2014 12:31|last3=Ist|website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/260618/political-biopics-face-threats-cuts.html|title=Why Jayalalithaa biopic was shelved, ones on Indira Gandhi, Shastri remain uncertain|first=Uma|last=Ramasubramanian|date=26 June 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
 
Since Jayalalithaa's death, several filmmakers have announced biopics on the politician, with six currently in production. In January 2017, Telugu filmmaker [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] registered the title ''Amma'' and began preparing for a biopic on the politician. The film was being planned with [[Anushka Shetty]] in the lead role, but Rao's death in May 2017 effectively ended the project, despite indications that [[Mohan Babu]] may revive it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amma-jayalalithaa-biopic-dasari-narayana-rao-ramya-krishnan-952959-2017-01-03|title=Jayalalithaa's life on film: Dasari Narayana Rao to direct biopic?|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/dasari-had-planned-jayalalithaa-biopic-with-anushka-shetty/story-AfNc34kCGEnFkzSwSDC2eN.html|title=Dasari Narayana Rao had planned Jayalalithaa biopic with Anushka Shetty|date=31 May 2017|website=www.hindustantimes.com}}</ref> Producer Adithya Bharadwaj announced that his team were over a year into pre-production work for a proposed biopic of Jayalalithaa, during December 2017. Titled ''Thaai: Puratchi Thalaivi'', he revealed that it would predominantly be a fictionalised retelling of her story with some real life footage also included. Bharadwaj suggested that he had briefly touched upon the possibility of a biopic with Jayalalithaa when she was alive, but the script had to be reworked following her death. Despite his suggestions that the film would begin production in January 2018, the project did not take off.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/a-biopic-on-j-jayalalithaa/articleshow/62253802.cms|title=A biopic on J Jayalalithaa |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://scroll.in/reel/863002/jayalalithaa-biopic-in-the-works-titled-thaai-puratchi-thalaivi|title=Jayalalithaa biopic in the works, titled 'Thaai: Puratchi Thalaivi'|work=Scroll.in}}</ref> Soon after news emerged about Vijay's and Priyadarshini's biopics in August 2018, Adithya reconfirmed that [[Bharathiraja]] had been signed to be the director of the film. He added that the team were considering either Aishwarya Rai or Anushka Shetty for the role of Jayalalithaa, and either [[Kamal Haasan]] or [[Mohanlal]] for the role of M. G. Ramachandran.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/bharathirajaa-to-direct-a-biopic-on-j-jayalalithaa-1318856-2018-08-20|title=Three Jayalalithaa biopics in a week: Bharathirajaa wants Aishwarya as Amma?|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref>
 
In August 2018, producer Vishnu Vardhan Induri of Vibri Media announced that he was working on a biopic of Jayalalithaa, and that [[A. L. Vijay]] would direct the project.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/jayalalithaa-biopic-announced-with-al-vijay-as-director-details-here-1315657-2018-08-16|title=Jayalalithaa biopic announced with AL Vijay as director. Details here|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref> The team announced that pre-production work and research was ongoing and that the film would focus on the personal life of the politician, showing her vulnerable side. Actresses including [[Nayanthara]] and [[Vidya Balan]] were initially approached by Vijay to star in the lead role, while [[Sai Pallavi]] was considered for the supporting role of [[V. K. Sasikala]]. Titled ''[[Thalaivi]]'' (2021), the film began its shoot after a long pre-production phase in November 2019 with [[Kangana Ranaut]] signed to play the lead role.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/sai-pallavi-may-play-sasikala-in-al-vijays-jayalalithaa-biopic/|title=Sai Pallavi May Play Sasikala In AL Vijay's Jayalalithaa Biopic|first1=Rajeshwari|last1=Manik|first2=an On|last2=December 28|last3=2018|date=28 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/anushka-shetty-aishwarya-rai-vidya-balan-in-talks-to-play-jayalalithaa-in-upcoming-biopic-all-you-need-to-know-5046851.html|title=Anushka Shetty, Aishwarya Rai, Vidya Balan in talks to play Jayalalithaa in upcoming biopic: All you need to know- Entertainment News, Firstpost|date=26 August 2018|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref name="vijay">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/one-more-biopic-planned-on-former-cm-jayalalithaa/article24710436.ece|title=One more biopic planned on former CM Jayalalithaa|first=Udhav|last=Naig|date=17 August 2018|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Within a day of Induri's announcement of making a film, director Priyadarshini announced that she had also been working for four months on the pre-production of a biopic, which would be launched in September 2018. Priyadarshini suggested that she had four scripts ready, with each focusing on different aspects of Jayalalithaa's life, and that the narration would be balanced by showing both her positive and negative sides.<ref name="vijay"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/another-biopic-on-jayalalithaa-announced-1316129-2018-08-16|title=Another biopic on Jayalalithaa announced!|agency=Ist|newspaper=India Today}}</ref> Titled ''The Iron Lady'', [[Nithya Menen]] was signed on to play the lead role, while [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] and [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] were in talks for a supporting role for the character of Sasikala.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nithya-menen-on-her-signing-spree-working-with-mysskin-in-psycho-and-playing-jayalalitha-in-priyadarshinis-biopic-5570381.html|title=Nithya Menen on her signing spree, working with Mysskin in Psycho and playing Jayalalitha in Priyadarshini's biopic- Entertainment News, Firstpost|date=18 November 2018|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://origin-www.sify.com/movies/the-iron-lady-nithya-menen-as-jayalalithaa-varalakshmi-to-play-sasikala-news-tamil-sjwkTsdjjgajj.html|title=The Iron Lady: Nithya Menen as Jayalalithaa, Varalakshmi to play Sasikala?|website=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/the-iron-lady-biopic-on-jayalalithaa-to-go-on-floors-february-2019/|title='The Iron Lady' Biopic On Jayalalithaa To Go On Floors February 2019|first1=Rajeshwari|last1=Manik|first2=an On|last2=October 31|last3=2018|date=31 October 2018}}</ref>
 
Another biopic to be shot as a web-series by [[Gautham Menon]] became the fourth such announcement of a related project in August 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/filmmaker-gautham-menon-to-helm-a-web-series-on-jayalalithaa/19753196|title=Filmmaker Gautham Menon to helm a web series on Jayalalithaa|date=30 August 2018|website=mid-day}}</ref> Production on the series progressed quietly throughout late 2018, with [[Ramya Krishnan]] selected to play Jayalalithaa, and [[Indrajith Sukumaran|Indrajith]] and [[Vamsi Krishna]] portraying M. G. Ramchandran and [[Sobhan Babu]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://origin-www.sify.com/movies/gautham-menon-silently-directing-jayalalithaa-biopic-news-tamil-smwlkKhchgfgh.html|title=Gautham Menon silently directing Jayalalithaa biopic!|website=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/gautham-menon-to-direct-a-tv-series-on-j-jayalalithaa/|title=Gautham Menon To Direct A TV Series On J Jayalalithaa|first1=Rajeshwari|last1=Manik|first2=an On|last2=December 22|last3=2018|date=22 December 2018}}</ref> In October 2018, Sasikala's nephew Jeyanandh Dhivakaran announced a further biopic on Jayalalithaa, which would focus more on her relationship with Sasikala and M. Natarajan. Director [[N. Linguswamy|Linguswamy]] was signed on to the project, and began pre-production work by meeting close aides and politicians of Jayalalithaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/news/lingusamy-to-direct-jayalalitha-biopic/|title=Lingusamy To Direct Jayalalithaa Biopic|last1=V|first2=hana On|last2=October 24|last3=2018|date=24 October 2018}}</ref> In April 2019, director Jegadeswara Reddy announced that he was set to make a film titled ''[[Sasilalithaa]]'', which would showcase the relationship between Jayalalithaa and Sasikala. A first look poster was launched, with Reddy announcing that he would enter talks with [[Kajol]] and [[Amala Paul]] to play the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sasilalitha-another-biopic-on-former-tamil-nadu-cm-jayalalithaa-announced-1496905-2019-04-08 | title=Sasilalitha: Another biopic on former Tamil Nadu CM Jayalalithaa announced |date=8 April 2019 |work=India Today |access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>
 
Jayalalithaa also appeared in an episode of ''[[Rendezvous with Simi Garewal]]'', an informal [[chat-show]] hosted by Indian actress [[Simi Garewal]], where she talked about her personal life and acting/political career.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rendezvous with Jayalalithaa |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZOar04g4zk |publisher=Simi Garewal |date=Feb 11, 2017}}</ref>
 
== Elections contested and positions held ==
=== Tamil Nadu Legislative elections ===
{|
|- style="background:#adc;"
! width="160" |Elections
! width="100" |Constituency
! width="70" |Party
! width="70" |Result
! width="70" |Vote percentage
! width="150" |Opposition Candidate
! width="70" |Opposition Party
! width="70" |Opposition vote percentage
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Bodinayakkanur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||54.41||Muthu Manoharan||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||27.27
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| rowspan = "2" bgcolor="98FB98" |[[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Bargur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bargur]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||65.18||[[T. Rajendar]]||[[Thayaga Marumalarchi Kazhagam|TMK]]||29.34
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|[[Kangayam (State Assembly Constituency)|Kaangayam]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||63.44||[[N. S. Rajkumar Manraadiar]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||32.85
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| bgcolor="FFA07A" |[[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Bargur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bargur]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Lost||43.54||[[E. G. Sugavanam]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||50.71
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2002–2003 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election|2002 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election]]||[[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Aandippatti]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||58.22||Vaigai Sekar||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||27.64
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Aandippatti]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||55.04||Seeman||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||36.29
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Srirangam (State Assembly Constituency)|Thiruvarangam]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||58.99||N. Anand||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||35.55
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2015 elections in India#Tamil Nadu|2015 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election]]||[[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||88.43||C. Mahendran||[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]||5.35
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||55.87||Shimla Muthuchozhan||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||33.14
|}
 
===Posts in Parliament of India===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=70|Year
!width=195|Constituency
!width=300|Position
!width=150|From
!width=150|To
|-
| [[1984 Indian Rajya Sabha elections|1984]] || [[Tamil Nadu]] || [[Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]] || 3 April 1984 || 28 January 1989
|}
 
===Posts in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=70|Year
!width=195|Constituency
!width=300|Position
!width=150|From
!width=150|To
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]] || [[Leader of the Opposition]] || 9 February 1989 || 30 November 1989
|-
| 1989 || Bodinayakkanur || [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] || 1 December 1989 || 30 January 1991
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || [[Bargur (state assembly constituency)|Bargur]] || [[Chief Minister]] || 24 June 1991 || 12 May 1996
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]] || Not Contested || Chief Minister || 14 May 2001 || 21 September 2001
|-
| [[2002–2003 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election|2002]] || [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Aandippatti]] || Chief Minister || 2 March 2002 || 12 May 2006
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]] || Aandippatti || [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] || 19 May 2006 || 28 May 2006
|-
| 2006 || Aandippatti || [[Leader of the Opposition]] || 29 May 2006 || 14 May 2011
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]] || [[Srirangam (state assembly constituency)|Thiruvarangam]] || [[Chief Minister]] || 16 May 2011 || 27 September 2014
|-
| 2015 || [[Radhakrishnan Nagar|Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar]] || Chief Minister || 23 May 2015 || 22 May 2016
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]] || Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar || Chief Minister || 23 May 2016 || 5 December 2016
|}
 
== Awards and honors ==
* In 1972, J. Jayalalithaa was awarded the [[Kalaimamani]] by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="degrees"/>
* [[Honorary doctorate]] received from [[University of Madras]] in 1991.<ref name="degrees">{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/gov_cm.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911085023/http://www.tn.gov.in/gov_cm.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 September 2009 |title=Awards and Special Degrees |publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu |location=Chennai, India |access-date=10 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://goodtimes.ndtv.com/PhotoDetail.aspx?Page=37&ID=6852&AlbumType=PG| title=Awards| publisher=NDTV|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University|The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University]] in 1992.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Madurai Kamaraj University]] in 1993.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Tamil Nadu Agricultural University]] in 2003.<ref name="degrees"/>
* Honorary doctorate received from [[Bharathidasan University]] in 2003.<ref name="degrees"/>
* In 2004, She was invited by the [[House of Lords]], [[London]] to receive the "Woman Politician of the Decade Award" from the Asian Guild Awards.<ref name="degrees"/>
* In 2004, The "Golden Star of Honor and Dignity Award" was conferred upon her by the [[Ukraine]]-based International Human Rights Defense Committee recognizing her services in protecting the weaker section of society and in the field of gender equality in Tamil Nadu and India.<ref name="degrees"/> Then [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|United Nations Secretary General]] [[Kofi Annan]], [[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Vladimir Putin]] and [[Prime Minister of Iceland|Iceland Prime Minister]] [[Davíð Oddsson|David oddson]] were the only three previous recipients of the award<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jayalalithaa-to-be-awarded-soon/articleshow/878290.cms?from=mdr |title=Jayalalithaa to be awarded soon|date=8 October 2004|work=Economic Times}}</ref>
* In 2011, a resolution was passed by the [[New Jersey General Assembly]] to appreciate her exemplary excellence and dedication as a leader and in service to the people of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="degrees"/>
* In 2018, Government of Tamil Nadu renamed [[Tamil Nadu Fisheries University]] after her as Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University.
* In 2019, Government of Tamil Nadu named three Kalaimamani award after her as Puratchi Thalaivi Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Special Kalaimamani Award.
* In 2019, Government of Tamil Nadu renamed [[Tamil Nadu Music and Fine Arts University]] after her as The Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Music and Fine Arts University.
* In 2020, Government of Tamil Nadu renamed Tamil Nadu State Council for Higher Education Campus after her as Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Campus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jayalalithaa statue to be installed at State Council for Higher Education |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/jayalalithaa-statue-to-be-installed-at-state-council-for-higher-education/article31157434.ece |access-date=25 March 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=25 March 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* On 31 July 2020, [[Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus]] in [[Chennai]] has been renamed as [[Puratchi Thalaivi Dr. J. Jayalalithaa CMBT metro station|Puratchi Thalaivi Dr. J. Jayalalithaa CMBT Metro]] by [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] to honor her.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2020/jul/31/tamil-nadu-government-to-rename-three-metro-rail-stations-in-chennai-after-late-chief-ministers-2177261.html |title=Tamil Nadu government to rename three metro rail stations in Chennai after late Chief Ministers |date=31 July 2020 |access-date=31 July 2020 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
 
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
 
== See also ==
* [[First Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Second Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Third Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Fourth Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Fifth Jayalalithaa ministry]]
* [[Sixth Jayalalithaa ministry]]
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|title=Amma: Jayalalithaa's Journey From Movie Star To Political Queen|last=Vassanthi|ref=Vaasanthi|publisher=Juggernaut|year=2016|isbn=978-8193284148}}
* {{cite book|title=Cut-outs, Caste and Cines Stars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ldacEfF58EC&q=jayalalitha+saree+pulled+in+assembly&pg=PA88|last=Vassanthi|ref=Vaasanthi|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2008|isbn=978-0-14-306312-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ramaswamy |first=Vijaya |title=Historical dictionary of the Tamils|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC&q=jayalalitha+films&pg=PA101 |year=2007|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=United States|isbn=978-0-470-82958-5|ref=Ramaswamy}}
* {{cite book|title=M.G. Ramachandran: Jewel of the Masses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CIX11WBlVGAC&q=jayalalitha+films&pg=PA1986|last=Swaminathan|first=Roopa|publisher=Rupa Publications|page=1986|year=2002|isbn=9788171678976|ref=Swaminathan}}
* {{cite book|last=Velayutham|first=Selvaraj|title=Tamil Cinema: The Cultural Politics of India's Other Film Industry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kuPaE3v22zAC&q=jayalalitha+films&pg=PA93|page=93|year=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-39680-6|ref=Velayutham}}
* {{cite book|title=Love's Rite|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=trQj0GrKuPoC&q=jayalalitha+%2B+women+police+stations&pg=PA158|last=Vanitha|first=Rose|ref=Vanitha|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2005|isbn=978-0-14-400059-3}}
* {{cite book|title=Refugee Management: Sri Lankan Refugges in Tamil Nadu, 1983–2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4eDh7Y7wYXgC&q=jayalalitha+1991+rajiv|year=2005|last=Das|first=Sumita|publisher=Mittal publications|isbn=9788183240666|ref=Das}}
* {{cite book|title=My Frozen Turbulence In Kashmir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wpVhCICrRb4C&q=janaki+ramachandran+chief+minister|last=Jagmohan|year=2007|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788181242174}}
* {{cite book|title=Jayalalithaa: A Journey|last=Sen Sri Raman|first=Papri|publisher=Vitasta Publishing|year=2017|isbn=978-9382711865|location=Delhi}}
{{refend}}
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
 
== External links ==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|commons=Category:J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa| b=no | n=no | q=Jayalalithaa | s=no|v=no|voy=no|species=no|d=no|display=J. Jayalalithaa}}
 
*[https://www.scribd.com/document/339287469/Full-text-SC-order-convicting-Sasikala-in-DA-case#fullscreen&from_embed/ In The Supreme Court Of India Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4762593.stm Profile] at ''[[BBC News]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080227154244/http://transcurrents.com/tamiliana/archives/549 Jayalalithaa: From Alluring Actress to Powerful Politician-by D.B.S. Jeyaraj]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1850717.stm BBC News article – ''Jayalalitha returns to power'' (dated 2 March 2002)]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4762593.stm BBC – Controversial life of Jayalalitha]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/tamil/jaya_thapar.ram BBC Hardtalk RealPlayer video of Jayalalitha (RealPlayer required)]
* {{IMDb name|0412883|J.Jayalalitha}}
*[https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-life-and-times-of-jayalalitha/205450 The Life And Times Of Jayalalitha | Outlook India Magazine]
 
{{Navboxes
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{{Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu}}
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{{FilmfareTeluguBestActress}}
 
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayaram, Jayalalithaa}}
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