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| {{short description|48th vice president of the United States}} | | {{complex|date=June 2018}} |
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| {{Use American English|date=February 2019}}
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| {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2021}}
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| {{Infobox officeholder | | {{Infobox officeholder |
| | | name = Mike Pence |
| | image = Mike Pence official portrait.jpg | | | image = Mike Pence official portrait.jpg |
| | alt = Official White House portrait. Mike Pence is smiling in front of an American flag. He wears a black suit, red tie, and an American flag lapel pin.
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| | caption = Official portrait, 2017 | | | caption = Official portrait, 2017 |
| | order = 48th
| | | office = 48th [[Vice President of the United States]] |
| | office = Vice President of the United States | |
| | president = [[Donald Trump]] | | | president = [[Donald Trump]] |
| | term_start = January 20, 2017 | | | term_start = January 20, 2017 |
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| | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | | | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] |
| | successor = [[Kamala Harris]] | | | successor = [[Kamala Harris]] |
| | order1 = 50th | | | order1 = 50th [[Governor of Indiana]] |
| | office1 = Governor of Indiana
| | | lieutenant1 = Sue Ellspermann<br>Eric Holcomb |
| | lieutenant1 = {{ubl|[[Sue Ellspermann]]|Eric Holcomb}} | |
| | term_start1 = January 14, 2013 | | | term_start1 = January 14, 2013 |
| | term_end1 = January 9, 2017 | | | term_end1 = January 9, 2017 |
| | predecessor1 = [[Mitch Daniels]] | | | predecessor1 = [[Mitch Daniels]] |
| | successor1 = [[Eric Holcomb]] | | | successor1 = [[Eric Holcomb]] |
| | office2 = Chair of the [[House Republican Conference]] | | | office2 = Member of the<br>[[U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Indiana]] |
| | leader2 = [[John Boehner]]
| | | term_start2 = January 3, 2001 |
| | term_start2 = January 3, 2009 | | | term_end2 = January 3, 2013 |
| | term_end2 = January 3, 2011 | | | predecessor2 = David M. McIntosh |
| | predecessor2 = [[Adam Putnam]] | | | successor2 = [[Luke Messer]] |
| | successor2 = [[Jeb Hensarling]] | | | constituency2 = [[Indiana's 2nd congressional district|2nd district]] (2001–2003)<br>[[Indiana's 6th congressional district|6th district]] (2003–2013) |
| | office3 = Member of the<br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[Indiana]] | | | office3 = Chair of the House Republican Conference |
| | term_start3 = January 3, 2001 | | | leader3 = [[John Boehner]] |
| | term_end3 = January 3, 2013 | | | deputy3 = [[Cathy McMorris Rodgers]] |
| | predecessor3 = [[David M. McIntosh]] | | | term_start3 = January 3, 2009 |
| | successor3 = [[Luke Messer]] | | | term_end3 = January 3, 2011 |
| | constituency3 = {{ubl|{{ushr|IN|2|2nd district}} (2001–2003)|{{ushr|IN|6|6th district}} (2003–2013)}}
| | | predecessor3 = Adam Putnam |
| | | successor3 = [[Jeb Hensarling]] |
| | birth_name = Michael Richard Pence | | | birth_name = Michael Richard Pence |
| | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|6|7}} | | | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|6|7}} |
| | birth_place = [[Columbus, Indiana]], U.S. | | | birth_place = [[Columbus, Indiana]], U.S. |
| | party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (1983–present) | | | death_date = |
| | otherparty = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (before 1983)<ref name="10ThingsToKnow"/> | | | death_place = |
| | spouse = {{marriage|[[Karen Pence|Karen Batten]]|June 8, 1985}}<!--Per talk page discussion, do not change her last name.--> | | | party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
| | children = 3, including [[Charlotte Pence Bond|Charlotte]] | | | otherparty = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (before 1983)<ref name="10ThingsToKnow">{{cite web | last1=Eason | first1=Rrian | title=Next VP: 10 things to know about Indiana Gov. Mike Pence | url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/07/07/trumps-vp-10-things-know-indiana-gov-mike-pence/86746980/ | date=November 9, 2016 | publisher=[[IndyStar]] | access-date=December 4, 2016}}</ref> |
| | relatives = [[Greg Pence]] (brother) | | | spouse = {{marriage|[[Karen Pence|Karen Batten]]|1985}}<!-- Per talk page discussion, don't change the last name to "Pence" --> |
| | | children = • Michael |
| | • Audrey |
| | • Charlotte |
| | | relatives = [[Family of Mike Pence|Pence family]] |
| | residence = [[Indianapolis, Indiana]], U.S. | | | residence = [[Indianapolis, Indiana]], U.S. |
| | education = {{ubl|[[Hanover College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])|[[Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])}} | | | education = Hanover College Indiana University |
| | occupation = {{hlist|Politician|lawyer|broadcaster}} | | | website = |
| | signature = Mike Pence Signature2.svg | | | signature = Mike Pence Signature2.svg |
| | footnotes = {{Collapsible list
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| |titlestyle = background:lavender;text-align:center;
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| |title = Other offices
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| |bullets = on
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| <!---| 2009–2011: [[List of chairs of the United States House of Representatives Republican Conference|Chair of the House Republican Conference]]--->
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| | 2005–2007: Chair of the [[Republican Study Committee]]}}
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| }} | | }} |
| '''Michael Richard Pence''' (born June 7, 1959) is an American politician, broadcaster, and lawyer who served as the 48th [[vice president of the United States]] from 2017 to 2021. A member of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], he was the 50th [[governor of Indiana]] from 2013 to 2017. Pence was also a member of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] from 2001 to 2013, representing the {{ushr|IN|2|2nd district|}} of Indiana from 2001 to 2003 and the {{ushr|IN|6|6th district}} of Indiana from 2003 to 2013. | | '''Michael Richard Pence''' (born June 7, 1959) is an American politician and attorney. He was the 48th [[vice president of the United States]] from 2017 and 2021. A attorney by occupation, he served as the 50th [[Governor of Indiana]] from 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nbcpolitics.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/06/14973266-pence-in-as-governor-of-indiana-hassan-wins-nh?lite|title=Pence in as governor of Indiana; Hassan wins N.H.|date=November 6, 2012|publisher=nbcpolitics.nbcnews.com|accessdate=December 17, 2012}}</ref> to 2017 and as a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] from 2001 to 2013. A [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]], he chaired the House Republican Conference from 2009 to 2011. Pence is a longtime supporter of the [[Tea Party]] movement.<ref name="Phillips10Things">Amber Phillips, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/14/10-things-you-should-know-about-mike-pence-who-may-join-donald-trump-on-the-gop-ticket/ 10 things you should know about Mike Pence, Donald Trump’s likely running mate], ''Washington Post'' (July 14, 2016).</ref><ref>Michael Muskal, [http://articles.latimes.com/2011/may/05/news/la-pn-pence-governor-20110506 Mike Pence to run for Indiana governor: Republicans had expected Rep. Mike Pence, a 'tea party' favorite, to join the state race to succeed Gov. Mitch Daniels, who may make a run for the GOP presidential nomination], ''Los Angeles Times'' (May 5, 2011).</ref> |
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| Pence was born and raised in Columbus, Indiana, and is the younger brother of U.S. representative [[Greg Pence]]. He graduated from [[Hanover College]] and earned a law degree from the [[Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law]] before entering private practice. After losing two bids for a congressional seat in 1988 and 1990, he became a conservative radio and television talk show host from 1994 to 1999. He was elected to the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] in 2000 and represented [[Indiana's 2nd congressional district|Indiana's 2nd]] and [[Indiana's 6th congressional district|6th congressional districts]] from 2001 to 2013. He chaired the [[Republican Study Committee]] from 2005 to 2007 and served as the [[List of chairmen of the United States House of Representatives Republican Conference|chairman]] of the [[House Republican Conference]] from 2009 to 2011, the third-highest position in the House Republican leadership.<ref name="Republican conference">{{cite news|url=http://www.indystar.com/article/20081119/NEWS05/811190387|title=U.S. Rep. Mike Pence of Indiana to get House GOP's No. 3 leadership job|date=November 19, 2008|newspaper=[[The Indianapolis Star]]|access-date=November 20, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129081041/http://www.indystar.com/article/20081119/NEWS05/811190387|archive-date=January 29, 2015|first=Maureen|last=Groppe}}</ref> Pence described himself as a "principled conservative" and supporter of the [[Tea Party movement]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/12/us/politics/mike-pence-vice-president.html |title=Mike Pence Emerging as a Commanding Figure in Trump Administration |first=Carl |last=Hulse |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 11, 2016 |access-date=January 14, 2018 }}</ref> saying he was "a Christian, a conservative, and a Republican, in that order."<ref name="McFarlanKimberly"/>
| | On July 14, 2016, [[Donald Trump]]'s campaign said that Pence would be Trump's choice for [[running mate]] in the [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/15/us/politics/mike-pence-donald-trump-vice-president.html?_r=0|title=Donald Trump's Campaign Signals He Will Pick Mike Pence as Running Mate|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 14, 2016}}</ref> The Trump-Pence campaign went on to defeat the Clinton-Kaine campaign in the general election on November 8, 2016. Pence was [[Inauguration of Donald Trump|inaugurated]] as [[Vice President of the United States]] on January 20, 2017. |
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| Pence successfully sought the Republican nomination for the [[2012 Indiana gubernatorial election]] when term-limited [[Mitch Daniels]] retired. He defeated former Indiana [[List of Speakers of the Indiana House of Representatives|House speaker]] [[John R. Gregg]] in the closest gubernatorial election in 50 years.<ref>{{cite web |last=Stidman |first=Eric |url=http://wthitv.com/2015/04/20/john-gregg-eyes-governors-seat-for-2016/ |title=John Gregg eyes governor's seat for 2016 |publisher=WTHITV.com |date=April 20, 2015 |access-date=June 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613173227/http://wthitv.com/2015/04/20/john-gregg-eyes-governors-seat-for-2016/ |archive-date=June 13, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nwitimes.com/news/opinion/columnists/doug-ross/doug-ross-gregg-gearing-up-for-second-gubernatorial-run/article_fe4627b9-2b50-5d8e-aade-a72469a3f533.html |title=DOUG ROSS: Gregg gearing up for second gubernatorial run |publisher=Nwitimes.com |date=February 15, 2015 |access-date=June 13, 2015}}</ref> Upon becoming governor in January 2013, Pence initiated the largest [[tax cut]] in [[Indiana]]'s history and pushed for more funding for private education initiatives. Pence signed bills intended to restrict abortions, including one that prohibited abortions if the reason for the procedure was the fetus's race, gender, or disability.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/25/us/indiana-governor-mike-pence-signs-abortion-bill.html |title=Indiana Governor Signs Abortion Bill With Added Restrictions |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 24, 2016 |first=Mitch|last=Smith|access-date=May 19, 2017}}</ref> After Pence signed the [[Religious Freedom Restoration Act (Indiana)|Religious Freedom Restoration Act]], he encountered fierce resistance from moderate members of his party, the business community, and [[LGBT]] advocates. The backlash against the RFRA led Pence to amend the bill to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and other criteria. | | On November 7, 2020 the Trump-Pence campaign lost their re-election bid to former Vice President [[Joe Biden]] and U.S. Senator [[Kamala Harris]] following the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 election]]. After the election Trump falsely claimed the election was [[corrupt]] and wanted Pence to [[Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election|overturn the election results]]. Pence did not do this and voted to certify Biden as the winner on January 6, 2021 in the aftermath of the [[2021 United States Capitol attack|United States Capitol attack]]. |
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| Pence withdrew his [[Indiana gubernatorial election, 2016|gubernatorial reelection campaign]] in July 2016 to become the running mate of Republican presidential nominee [[Donald Trump]], who went on to win the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]]. He was inaugurated as vice president of the United States on January 20, 2017. As vice president, Pence chaired the [[National Space Council]] since it was reestablished in June 2017. In February 2020, Pence was appointed chairman of the [[White House Coronavirus Task Force]], which was established in response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States]]. | | ==Early life== |
| | Pence was born at Columbus Regional Hospital in [[Columbus, Indiana]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.therepublic.com/2017/01/15/the-mike-pence-timeline-path-from-columbus-to-the-white-house/|title=The Mike Pence timeline: Path from Columbus to the White House|last=Reports|first=Staff|website=The Republic|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> He was one of six children of Nancy Jane (née Cawley) and Edward J. Pence, Jr.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/515013912.html?dids=515013912:515013912&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Apr+05%2C+1956&author=&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=WEDDING+BELLS+RING+OUT+FOR+3+S.+SIDE+COUPLES&pqatl=google|work=Chicago Daily Tribune|title=Wedding Bells Ring Out For 3 S. Side Couples|date=April 5, 1956}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>http://www.indystar.com/relart/20121006/NEWS05/210060343</ref> His family were [[Irish Catholic]] Democrats.<ref name="US News">Burton, Danielle (November 15, 2006).[https://web.archive.org/web/20100217091452/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/061115/15pencefacts.htm What You Didn't Know About Rep. Mike Pence of Indiana], ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' accessed March 31, 2015.</ref> |
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| Pence and Donald Trump lost their bid for re-election in the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 presidential election]] to [[Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign|Joe Biden and Kamala Harris]], although [[Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign|the Trump campaign]] refused to concede, made false allegations of election fraud, and [[Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 United States presidential election|filed more than 86 unsuccessful lawsuits in multiple states]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=November 5, 2020|title=Trump's Election Lawsuits: Where the Court Fights Are Playing Out|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|first=Tina|last=Davis|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-05/trump-election-lawsuits-filed-state-by-state|access-date=November 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Jeremy|last=Herb|title=As Trump refuses to concede, his agencies awkwardly prepare what they can for a Biden transition|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/13/politics/transition-agencies-wait-biden/index.html|access-date=November 14, 2020|website=CNN}}</ref> Despite Trump's urging to overturn the results, Pence certified the Biden-Harris ticket as the winner of the election. He was vilified by Trump and threatened with violence by some of Trump's supporters, particularly during [[2021 storming of the United States Capitol| | | Pence graduated from [[Columbus North High School]] in 1977. He earned a B.A. in History from [[Hanover College]] in 1981 and a J.D. from the [[Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law]] in 1986. |
| the storming of the U.S. Capitol]], for not trying to overturn the election results.
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| ==Early life and education==
| | After graduating from law school in 1986, Pence worked as an attorney in private practice.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://nrf.com/advocacy/action-center/find-officials/official/12321 | title =Your Local Officials: Indiana Governor Mike Pence | publisher=[[National Retail Federation]]}}</ref> He continued to practice law following his second unsuccessful run for Congress. |
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| {{stack|float=left|[[File:Mike Pence in 1977 Log.jpg|thumb|upright=.7|left|Pence in [[Columbus North High School]]'s 1977 yearbook]]}}
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| Mike Pence was born Michael Richard Pence on June 7, 1959, in Columbus, Indiana, one of six children of Ann Jane "Nancy" Cawley and Edward Joseph Pence Jr.,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/09/02/mike-pences-ireland-pride-inspired-family-not-always-reciprocated/2164818001|title=Mike Pence has a deep affection for Ireland. It's not completely reciprocated|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|last=Groppe|first=Maureen|date=September 2, 2019|access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/147392340/|title=The Republic from Columbus, Indiana · Page 1|access-date=November 17, 2016}}</ref> who ran a group of gas stations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/196928810/ |page=90 |work=Chicago Daily Tribune|title=Wedding Bells Ring Out For 3 S. Side Couples|date=April 5, 1956}}</ref><ref name="Cuetara 2016">{{cite web |last=de la Cuetara|first=Ines|title=Mike Pence: Everything You Need to Know|work=ABC News|date=July 14, 2016|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/mike-pence/story?id=40279288 |access-date=July 15, 2016}}</ref> His father served in the U.S. Army during the [[Korean War]] and received the [[Bronze Star Medal|Bronze Star]] in 1953, which Pence displays in his office along with its commendation letter and a reception photograph.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/5-things-to-know-about-us-vice-president-mike-pence/419544163/ |title=5 things to know about US Vice President Mike Pence |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=[[Star Tribune]] |date=April 15, 2017 |first=Ken |last=Thomas |access-date=April 17, 2017 |department=National |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170418081517/http://www.startribune.com/5-things-to-know-about-us-vice-president-mike-pence/419544163/ |archive-date=April 18, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His father was of [[German American|German]] and Irish descent and his mother is of Irish ancestry.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Neal|first=Andrea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2S5jDwAAQBAJ&q=Geraldine+Kathleen+Kuhn+Pence&pg=PT14|title=Pence: The Path to Power|date=July 11, 2018|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-1-68435-038-4|language=en|access-date=August 5, 2020}}</ref> His paternal grandfather, Edward Joseph Pence, Sr., worked in the Chicago stockyards.<ref name="The Danger of President Pence">{{cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/23/the-danger-of-president-pence |title=The Danger of President Pence; Trump's critics yearn for his exit. But Mike Pence, the corporate right's inside man, poses his own risks. |first=Jane |last=Mayer |author-link=Jane Mayer |date=October 23, 2017 |website=[[Newyorker.com]] |access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref> He was named after his maternal grandfather, Richard Michael Cawley, who emigrated from Doocastle, County Mayo, Ireland, to the United States through [[Ellis Island]], following an aunt and his brother James, and became a [[bus driver]] in Chicago, Illinois.<ref name="DeparleBorder">{{cite news |first=Jason |last=Deparle |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/29/washington/star-of-the-right-loses-his-base-at-the-border.html |title=Star of the Right Loses His Base at the Border |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 29, 2006 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/mike-pence-tried-with-extraordinary-speech-about-irish-heritage-but-hillary-clinton-wins-the-biggest-cheer-of-the-night-35536251.html |first=Kevin |last=Doyle |title=Mike Pence tried with extraordinary speech about Irish heritage—but Hillary Clinton wins the biggest cheer of the night |date=March 16, 2017|newspaper=Irish Independent|access-date=March 16, 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/21/us/politics/mike-pence-religion.html|title=Mike Pence's Journey: Catholic Democrat to Evangelical Republican|last1=Mahler|first1=Jonathan|date=July 20, 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 22, 2017|last2=Johnson|first2=Dirk|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/01/29/how-chain-migration-brought-us-the-trump-white-house/|title=How 'chain migration' brought us the Trump White House|date=January 9, 2018|newspaper=The Washington Post|first=Philip |last=Bump |access-date=February 14, 2018}}</ref> His maternal grandmother's parents were from [[Doonbeg]], [[County Clare]], Ireland.<ref name="Carswell 2013">{{cite web |last=Carswell|first=Simon|title=Mike Pence and Donald Trump's Irish connection: Doonbeg|website=The Irish Times|date=March 21, 2013|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/us/mike-pence-and-donald-trump-s-irish-connection-doonbeg-1.2720970 |access-date=July 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://clareherald.com/2016/07/doonbeg-links-aplenty-in-us-presidential-race/|title=Doonbeg links aplenty in US Presidential race|first=Páraic|last=McMahon|date=July 15, 2016|work=[[ClareHerald.com]]|access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref>
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| Pence graduated from Columbus North High School in 1977. He earned a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in history from [[Hanover College]] in 1981, and a [[Juris Doctor]] from the [[Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law|Robert H. McKinney School of Law]] at [[Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis]] in [[Indianapolis]] in 1986.<ref name="House bio">{{Cite web | title = Biography | publisher = Office of U.S. Representative Mike Pence | access-date = July 2, 2017 | archive-date = March 6, 2012| url = http://mikepence.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=53 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120306063016/http://mikepence.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=53| url-status=dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> While at Hanover, he joined the [[Phi Gamma Delta]] fraternity, where he became the chapter president.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.journalgazette.net/news/local/indiana/Pence-pegs-Holcomb--for-state-s-No--2-post-11404551 |title=Pence pegs Holcomb for state's No. 2 post|last1=Kelly|first1=Niki|date=February 10, 2016|newspaper=[[The Journal Gazette]]|access-date=July 13, 2016}}</ref> After graduating from Hanover, he was an admissions counselor at the college from 1981 to 1983.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2014/05/29/gov-mike-pence-moving-center-amid-talk-presidential-run/9728025/ |title=Is Gov. Mike Pence moving to the center amid talk of presidential run? |first=Tony |last=Cook |newspaper=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |date=May 31, 2014 |access-date=April 21, 2020 }}</ref>
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| In his childhood and early adulthood, Pence was a [[Roman Catholic]] and a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]], as was the rest of his family.<ref name="US News">{{cite magazine|last=Burton |first=Danielle |date=November 15, 2006 |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/061115/15pencefacts.htm |title=What You Didn't Know About Rep. Mike Pence of Indiana |magazine=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=March 31, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217091452/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/061115/15pencefacts.htm |archive-date=February 17, 2010 }}</ref> He volunteered for the [[Bartholomew County, Indiana|Bartholomew County]] Democratic Party in 1976 and voted for [[Jimmy Carter]] in the [[1980 United States presidential election|1980 presidential election]],<ref name="10ThingsToKnow">{{cite web | last1=Eason | first1=Rrian | title=Next VP: 10 things to know about Indiana Gov. Mike Pence | url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/07/07/trumps-vp-10-things-know-indiana-gov-mike-pence/86746980/ | date=November 9, 2016 | publisher=[[IndyStar]] | access-date=December 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> and has said he was originally inspired to get involved in politics by people such as [[John F. Kennedy]] and [[Martin Luther King Jr.]]<ref name="10ThingsToKnow"/> While in college, Pence left the Catholic Church and became an evangelical, [[Evangelicalism|born-again Christian]], to the great disappointment of his mother.<ref name="10ThingsToKnow"/><ref name=":0" /> His political views also started shifting to the right during this time in his life, something which Pence attributes to the "common-sense conservatism of [[Ronald Reagan]]" with which he began to identify.<ref name="10ThingsToKnow"/><ref>{{cite news | last1=Graham | first1=Jordan | title=Mike Pence Explains How Ronald Reagan Made Him a Republican | url=https://www.ocregister.com/2016/09/09/mike-pence-explains-how-ronald-reagan-made-him-a-republican/ | date=September 9, 2016 | newspaper=[[The Orange County Register]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910133732/http://www.ocregister.com/articles/nominee-728408-tells-pence.html|archive-date=September 10, 2016|url-status=live| access-date=December 4, 2016}}</ref>
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| ==Early career and congressional campaigns==
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| After graduating from law school in 1986, Pence was an attorney in private practice.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/mike-pence-things-to-know_us_5787c2b1e4b0867123e02df7|title=Here's what you should know about Mike Pence|work=Huffington Post}}</ref> In 1988, Pence ran for Congress against [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] incumbent [[Philip Sharp (politician)|Philip Sharp]], but lost.<ref name="Sager 2006">{{cite book|last=Sager|first=R.|title=The Elephant in the Room: Evangelicals, Libertarians, and the Battle to Control the Republican Party|publisher=Wiley|year=2006|isbn=978-0-471-79332-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/elephantinroomev00ryan/page/82 82]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/elephantinroomev00ryan/page/82}}</ref> He ran against Sharp again in 1990, quitting his job in order to work full-time in the campaign, but once again was unsuccessful.<ref name= "Sager 2006"/> During the race, Pence used "political donations to pay the mortgage on his house, his personal credit card bill, groceries, golf tournament fees and car payments for his wife".<ref name="WashPoMortgage">{{Cite news|first1=Rosalind S.|last1=Helderman|first2=Tom|last2=Hamburger|first3=Alice|last3=Crites |date=June 15, 2016 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/mike-pence-used-campaign-funds-to-pay-his-mortgage--and-it-cost-him-an-election/2016/07/15/90858964-49ed-11e6-bdb9-701687974517_story.html|title=Mike Pence used campaign funds to pay his mortgage—and it cost him an election|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=July 16, 2016}}</ref> While the spending was not illegal at the time, it reportedly undermined his campaign.<ref name="WashPoMortgage" /> | |
| [[File:Pence with Reagan at White House, 1988.png|thumb|Pence with President [[Ronald Reagan]] at the White House in 1988]]
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| During the 1990 campaign, Pence ran a television advertisement in which an actor, dressed in a robe and headdress and speaking in a thick Middle Eastern accent, thanked his opponent, Sharp, for doing nothing to wean the United States off imported oil as chairman of a House subcommittee on energy and power.<ref name="WashPoMortgage" /><ref name="arabgroup">{{cite news |title=Arab Group Says Pence TV Ad Is Offensive|agency=Associated Press|work=Post-Tribune|date=October 12, 1990 }}</ref> In response to criticism, Pence's campaign responded that the advertisement was not about Arabs; rather, it concerned Sharp's lack of leadership.<ref name="WashPoMortgage" /><ref name= arabgroup/> In 1991, Pence wrote an essay, "Confessions of a Negative Campaigner", published in the ''Indiana Policy Review'', in which he apologized for running negative ads against Sharp. Pence vowed to refrain from using insulting speech or running ads that belittle his adversaries.<ref name="WashPoMortgage" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-07-14|title=Mike Pence Fast Facts—CNN Politics|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/14/us/mike-pence-fast-facts/index.html|access-date=2021-03-07|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref name=npr5things/><ref name="confessions">{{cite web|last=Pence |first=Mike |title=Confessions of a negative campaigner |url=http://www.cybertext.net/pence/confess.html |work=Indiana Policy Review |date=Summer 1991 |pages=5–6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010305130534/http://www.cybertext.net/pence/confess.html |archive-date=March 5, 2001 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Also taking place in 1991, he became the president of the [[Indiana Policy Review Foundation]], a self-described [[free-market]] [[think tank]] and a member of the [[State Policy Network]], a position he held until 1993.<ref name="congressional papers"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2012/11/07/pence-indiana-governor-profile/1690049/ |title=Profile: Indiana Gov.-elect Mike Pence |first=Karly |last=Moll |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=November 7, 2012 |access-date=May 17, 2017}}</ref><ref>In a 1992 article for the monthly ''Indiana Policy Review'', Pence likened [[Evan Bayh|Bayh]]'s and [[Dan Coats|Coats]]'s attempt at blocking out-of-state trash from landing in Hoosier landfills to Nazis seizing Jewish assets.{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/mike-pence-nazi-essay-225906 |title=Mike Pence once compared Evan Bayh and Dan Coats to Nazis |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=July 20, 2016 |access-date=May 17, 2017 |first=Daniel |last=Samuelsohn }}</ref>
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| Shortly after his first congressional campaign in 1988, radio station [[WIFE-FM|WRCR-FM]] in [[Rushville, Indiana]], hired Pence to host a weekly half-hour radio show, ''Washington Update with Mike Pence''.<ref name="kind conservative"/> In 1992, Pence began hosting a daily talk show on WRCR, ''The Mike Pence Show'', in addition to a Saturday show on [[WNDE]] in Indianapolis.<ref name="congressional papers"/><ref name="kind conservative"/><ref name="CR 2001-10-16">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOQuu-1EpowC&pg=PA19950 |title=Congressional Record: Proceedings and debates of the 147th Congress, First Session|page=19950|volume=147|issue=14|isbn=9780160924286|date=June 4, 2014}}</ref><ref name="2000 bio">{{cite web|title=Mike Pence and His Family |url=http://www.cybertext.net/pence/bio.html |work=Mike Pence for Congress |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010119095000/http://www.cybertext.net/pence/bio.html |archive-date=January 19, 2001 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pence called himself "[[Rush Limbaugh]] on decaf" since he considered himself politically conservative while not as bombastic as Limbaugh.<ref name="npr5things">{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2016/07/14/486032078/5-things-to-know-about-mike-pence|title=5 Things To Know About Mike Pence|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=July 14, 2016|first=Domenica|last=Montanaro}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hear Mike Here!|url=http://www.wibc.com/people/pence/mradlist.html|publisher=WIBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000611101202/http://www.wibc.com/people/pence/mradlist.html|archive-date=June 11, 2000}}</ref> Beginning on April 11, 1994, Network Indiana syndicated ''The Mike Pence Show'' statewide.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/107364701/|title=Pence to syndicate|work=Indianapolis Star|page=B7|date=February 24, 1994|access-date=April 24, 2018}}</ref> With a 9:00{{nbs}}a.m. to noon (ET) time slot, the program reached as many as 18 radio stations in Indiana, including [[WFNI#WIBC history|WIBC]] in Indianapolis.<ref name="congressional papers">{{cite web |url=https://libraries.indiana.edu/mike-pence-congressional-papers |title=Mike Pence Congressional Papers|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|year=2014}}</ref> Pence ended his radio show in September 1999 to focus on his [[United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana, 2000|2000]] campaign for Congress, which he eventually won.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.therepublic.com/2017/01/18/pence-used-radio-show-to-build-name/|title=Pence used radio show to build name|last=Trares|first=Ryan|work=The Republic|place=Columbus, Indiana|date=January 17, 2017|access-date=April 24, 2018}}</ref> From 1995 to 1999, Pence hosted a weekend public affairs TV show also titled ''The Mike Pence Show'' on Indianapolis TV station [[WNDY-TV|WNDY]].<ref name="kind conservative">{{cite news|title=The kind conservative|last=Hall|first=Steve|work=The Indianapolis Star|date=September 11, 1995|pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/107623757/ C1], [https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/107623759/ C2]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/arena/bio/mike_pence.html|title=Arena Profile: Mike Pence|newspaper=[[Politico]]|year=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012093146/http://www.politico.com/arena/bio/mike_pence.html|archive-date=October 12, 2010|access-date=November 28, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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| ==U.S. House of Representatives (2001–2013)== | | ==U.S. House of Representatives (2001–2013)== |
| | In November 2000, Pence was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in Indiana's 2nd Congressional District after six-year incumbent [[David M. McIntosh]] (1995–2001) opted to run for [[governor of Indiana]]. |
| | [[File:Mike Pence 111th.jpg|thumb|left|160px|Pence as a representative, 2009]] |
| | On November 8, 2006, Pence announced his candidacy for leader of the Republican Party ([[minority leader]]) in the [[United States House of Representatives]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mikepence.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=52427 |title=U.S. Congressman Mike Pence : 6th District Of Indiana |access-date=2016-07-15 |archive-date=2006-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061114010833/http://mikepence.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=52427 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Pence's release announcing his run for minority leader focused on a "return to the values" of the 1994 [[Republican Revolution]].<ref name="Rel-run">{{Cite web |url=http://mikepence.house.gov/news/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=52427 |title=U.S. Congressman Mike Pence : 6th District Of Indiana |access-date=2016-07-15 |archive-date=2006-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227195601/http://mikepence.house.gov/news/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=52427 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> On November 17, Pence lost to Representative [[John Boehner]] of [[Ohio]] by a vote of 168–27–1 (the one vote went to Representative [[Joe Barton]] of Texas).<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15765503/ "Boehner elected as Republican leader: Succeeds Hastert in top GOP role in Democratic-controlled House"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020030055/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15765503/ |date=2012-10-20 }}, Associated Press, November 17, 2006</ref> |
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| Pence rejuvenated his political career by running for the U.S. House of Representatives again in 2000, this time winning the seat in {{ushr|IN|2}} after six-year incumbent [[David M. McIntosh]] opted to run for governor of Indiana. The district (renumbered as {{ushr|IN|6}} beginning in 2002) comprises all or portions of 19 counties in eastern Indiana. As a congressman, Pence adopted the slogan he had used on the radio, describing himself as "a Christian, a conservative and a Republican, in that order".<ref name="McFarlanKimberly"/> While in Congress, Pence belonged to the [[Tea Party Caucus]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Janie |last=Lorber |url=https://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/21/tea-party-caucus-tackles-racism-charge/ |title=Tea Party Caucus Tackles Racism Charge |work=The New York Times |date=July 21, 2010 |access-date=May 17, 2017 }}</ref> | | Pence served for a time as the chairman of the [[Republican Study Committee]]. His Committee assignments in the U.S. House included: [[United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]], [[United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia|Subcommittee on Middle East and South Asia]] (Vice Chair); [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|Judiciary]], [[United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution|Subcommittee on the Constitution]] (Vice Chair), and [[United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, Competition, and the Internet|Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, Competition, and the Internet]]. |
| [[File:Mike Pence, official portrait, 112th Congress.jpg|thumb|upright|150px|Pence as a U.S. congressman<br/>in 2010]] | |
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| In his first year in office, Pence opposed President [[George W. Bush]]'s [[No Child Left Behind Act]] in 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/07/16/trump-says-pence-will-help-return-us-to-safe-and-prosperous-society-in-first-official-appearance-as-running-mates.html|title=At first official event, Pence, Trump set sights on Clinton, vow to restore prosperity, safety to America|date=July 16, 2016|access-date=July 16, 2016|publisher=Fox News|department=Republican Convention}}</ref> as well as President Bush's Medicare prescription drug expansion the following year.<ref name="Barbaro">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/16/us/politics/mike-pence-history.html|title=Mike Pence: A Conservative Proudly Out of Sync With His Times|last1=Barbaro|first1=Michael|date=July 15, 2016|last2=Davey|first2=Monica|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=July 16, 2016}}</ref> Pence was re-elected four more times by comfortable margins. In the [[United States House elections, 2006#Indiana|2006]], [[United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana, 2008|2008]], and [[United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana, 2010|2010]] House elections, he defeated Democrat [[Barry Welsh]].<ref name=2006report /><ref name=2008report /><ref name=2010report />
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| [[File:20171 Mike Pence with US-Soldiers in Mosul, Iraq 2006.jpg|thumb|Congressman Pence visits U.S. soldiers in [[Mosul, Iraq]], in 2006.]]
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| Pence began to climb the party leadership structure and from 2005 to 2007 was chairman of the [[Republican Study Committee]], a group of [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] House Republicans.<ref>{{cite news |first=Shane |last=Harris |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/07/15/donald-trump-and-mike-pence-two-newbies-one-dangerous-world.html |title=Donald Trump and Mike Pence: Two Newbies, One Dangerous World |newspaper=Daily Beast |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }}</ref> In November 2006, Pence announced his candidacy for leader of the Republican Party ([[minority leader]]) in the [[United States House of Representatives]].<ref name="Rel-run">{{cite press release |url=http://mikepence.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=52427 |title=Pence Announces Candidacy for Republican Leader |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061114010833/http://mikepence.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=52427 |date=November 8, 2006 |archive-date=November 14, 2006 |url-status=dead |access-date=May 19, 2017 |publisher=Office of U.S. Representative Mike Pence |first=Mike |last=Pence}}</ref> Pence's release announcing his run for minority leader focused on a "return to the values" of the [[Newt Gingrich]]-headed 1994 [[Republican Revolution]].<ref name="Rel-run" /> However, he lost the bid to Representative [[John Boehner]] of [[Ohio]] by a vote of 168 for Boehner, 27 for Pence, and one for Representative [[Joe Barton]] of Texas.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15765503 |title=Boehner elected as Republican leader: Succeeds Hastert in top GOP role in Democratic-controlled House |agency=Associated Press |date=November 17, 2006 |access-date=May 19, 2017 |work=NBC News |department=Politics }}</ref> In January 2009, Pence was elected as the [[List of chairmen of the United States House of Representatives Republican Conference|Republican Conference chairman]], the third-highest-ranking Republican leadership position at the time behind Minority Leader [[John Boehner]] and Republican Whip [[Eric Cantor]]. He ran unopposed and was elected unanimously. He was the first representative from Indiana to hold a House leadership position since 1981.<ref name="Republican conference" /> During Pence's twelve years in the House, he introduced 90 bills and [[Resolution (law)|resolutions]]; none became law.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Michael |last1=Barbaro |first2=Monica |last2=Davey |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/16/us/politics/mike-pence-history.html |title=Mike Pence: A Conservative Proudly Out of Sync With His Times |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }}</ref> His committee assignments in the House were the following:
| | While in Congress, Pence belonged to the [[Tea Party Caucus]].<ref>Janie Lorber, [http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/21/tea-party-caucus-tackles-racism-charge/ Tea Party Caucus Tackles Racism Charge] (July 21, 2010).</ref> Pence also belonged to the Congressional Internet Caucus, [[United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus|International Conservation Caucus]], and Sportsmen's Caucus. |
| * [[107th United States Congress|107th Congress]] (2001–2003): [[United States House Committee on Agriculture|Agriculture]], [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|Judiciary]], [[United States House Committee on Small Business|Small Business]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://historycms.house.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=41140 |title=Official Alphabetical List of Members with Committee Assignments for the 107th Congress |publisher=[[Clerk of the House of Representatives]] |access-date=May 19, 2017 |page=27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922101108/http://historycms.house.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=41140 |archive-date=September 22, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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| * [[108th United States Congress|108th Congress]] (2003–2005): Agriculture, [[United States House Committee on International Relations|International Relations]], Judiciary<ref>{{cite web |url=http://historycms.house.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=15032392049 |title=Official Alphabetical List of Members with Committee Assignments for the 108th Congress |publisher=[[Clerk of the House of Representatives]] |date=October 14, 2004 |page=57 |access-date=May 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922101043/http://historycms.house.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=15032392049 |archive-date=September 22, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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| * [[109th United States Congress|109th Congress]] (2005–2007): Agriculture, International Relations, Judiciary<ref>{{cite web |url=http://historycms.house.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=41141 |title=Official Alphabetical List of Members with Committee Assignments for the 109th Congress (final ed.) |publisher=[[Clerk of the House of Representatives]] |access-date=May 19, 2017 |page=27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230013104/http://historycms.house.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=41141 |archive-date=December 30, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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| * [[110th United States Congress|110th Congress]] (2007–2009): Foreign Affairs, Judiciary, [[United States House Select Committee on the Voting Irregularities of August 2, 2007|Select Committee to Investigate the Voting Irregularities of August 2, 2007]] (Ranking Member)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://historycms.house.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=41142 |title=Official Alphabetical List of Members with Committee Assignments for the 110th Congress (final ed.) |publisher=[[Clerk of the House of Representatives]] |access-date=May 19, 2017 |page=27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922100938/http://historycms.house.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=41142 |archive-date=September 22, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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| * [[111th United States Congress|111th Congress]] (2009–2011): Foreign Affairs<ref>{{cite web |url=http://historycms.house.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=41143 |title=Official Alphabetical List of Members with Committee Assignments for the 111th Congress (final ed.) |publisher=[[Clerk of the House of Representatives]] |access-date=May 19, 2017 |page=27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229205116/http://historycms.house.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=41143 |archive-date=December 29, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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| * [[112th United States Congress|112th Congress]] (2011–2013): Foreign Affairs, Judiciary<ref>{{cite web |url=http://historycms.house.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=41143 |title=Official Alphabetical List of Members with Committee Assignments for the 112th Congress (final ed.) |publisher=[[Clerk of the House of Representatives]] |date=December 27, 2012 |page=13 |access-date=May 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229205116/http://historycms.house.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=41143 |archive-date=December 29, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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| In 2008, ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' magazine listed Pence as one of the ten best members of Congress, writing that Pence's "unalloyed traditional conservatism has repeatedly pitted him against his party elders."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a5110/10-best-members-congress-text/ |title=The 10 Best Members of Congress |magazine=Esquire |date=October 15, 2008 |access-date=May 19, 2017}}</ref> Pence was mentioned as a possible Republican candidate for president in [[Republican Party presidential candidates, 2008|2008]]<ref name="Phillips10Things">{{cite news |first=Amber |last=Phillips |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/14/10-things-you-should-know-about-mike-pence-who-may-join-donald-trump-on-the-gop-ticket/ |title=Who is Mike Pence? |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=July 14, 2016 |access-date=May 19, 2017 |department=The Fix }}</ref> and [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2009/06/24/1976019.aspx|title=Curse of the 2012 GOP candidate?|last1=Montenaro|first1=Domenico|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627101912/http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2009/06/24/1976019.aspx|archive-date=June 27, 2009 |publisher=MSN|date=July 13, 2016|access-date=May 19, 2017}}</ref> In September 2010, he was the top choice for president in a straw poll conducted by the [[Values Voter Summit]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/19/nation/la-na-values-voter-20100919 |title=GOP Rep. Mike Pence gets nod for 2012 presidential run |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 19, 2010 |access-date=April 3, 2015 |first=Michael A. |last=Memoli}}</ref><ref name="VP">{{cite news |last=O'Donnell|first=Kelly|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/team-trump-plans-public-event-friday-vp-pick-n608161|title=Team Trump Plans Public Event Friday With VP Pick|work=[[NBC News]]|date=July 12, 2016|access-date=July 12, 2016}}</ref> That same year, he was encouraged to run against incumbent Democratic senator [[Evan Bayh]],<ref>{{cite news |date=December 21, 2009|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/weblogs/TWSFP/2009/12/kristol_draft_pence.asp|title=Kristol: Draft Pence!|work=[[The Weekly Standard]]|access-date=January 31, 2010|last=Kristol|first=William}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2010/01/is-pence-inspired-031707 |date=January 20, 2010 |title=Is Pence inspired? |first=Josh |last=Kraushaar|newspaper=[[Politico]]|access-date=January 31, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Norman|last=Cox|url=http://www.theindychannel.com/news/politics/bayh-criticizes-ultraliberal-leanings-after-gop-upset|title=Bayh Criticizes 'Ultraliberal' Leanings After GOP Upset WRTV Indianapolis|publisher=WRTV 6|date=January 20, 2010|access-date=January 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927194056/http://www.theindychannel.com/news/politics/bayh-criticizes-ultraliberal-leanings-after-gop-upset|archive-date=September 27, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> but opted not to enter the race,<ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Hamby |url=https://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/02/15/pence-will-not-seek-bayh-seat/ |title=Pence will not seek Bayh seat |work=CNN|date=February 15, 2010 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }}</ref> even after Bayh unexpectedly announced that he would retire.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jake |last=Sherman |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2010/02/pence-declines-again-on-bayh-seat-032973 |title=Pence declines again on Bayh seat |newspaper=Politico |date=February 15, 2010 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }}</ref>
| | After the November 2010 election, Pence announced that he would not run for re-election as the Republican Conference Chairman.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indystar.com/assets/pdf/BG166390113.PDF |title=Letter of Resignation from House Republican Caucus |accessdate=November 3, 2010}}</ref> On May 5, 2011, Pence announced that he would seek the Republican nomination for [[Indiana gubernatorial election, 2012|Governor of Indiana in 2012]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Camia |first=Catalina |url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/onpolitics/post/2011/01/mike-pence-indiana-governor-president-/1 |title=Rep. Pence to skip GOP race for president |newspaper=USA Today |date=January 27, 2011 |accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Pence announcement">{{cite news|last=Muskal|first=Michael|title=Mike Pence to run for Indiana governor|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-pence-governor-20110506,0,3385004.story|accessdate=May 5, 2011|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=May 5, 2011}}</ref> |
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| ==Governor of Indiana (2013–2017)== | | ==Governor of Indiana (2013–2017)== |
| ===2012 election===
| | On November 6, 2012, Pence won the gubernatorial election,<ref>{{cite news | url=http://nbcpolitics.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/06/14973266-pence-in-as-governor-of-indiana-hassan-wins-nh?lite | title =Pence in as governor of Indiana; Hassan wins N.H. | publisher =nbcpolitics.nbcnews.com | date =November 6, 2012 | accessdate =December 17, 2012 }}</ref> defeating Democratic nominee [[John R. Gregg]] and Libertarian nominee [[Rupert Boneham]]. [[File:Mike_Pence_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg|left|thumb|Governor Mike Pence speaking at the 2015 [[Conservative Political Action Conference]] (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland on February 27, 2015]] |
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| {{Main|2012 Indiana gubernatorial election}} | |
| [[File:Indiana Governor Election Results by County, 2012.svg|thumb|upright=.6|Results of the 2012 Indiana gubernatorial election; Pence won the counties in red.]]
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| [[File:Indiana National Guard welcomes new Commander in Chief 04 (cropped to focus on swearing in).jpg|thumb|Pence was sworn in as governor of Indiana on January 14, 2013.]]
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| In May 2011, Pence announced that he would be seeking the Republican nomination for [[governor of Indiana]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|last=Montopoli|first=Brian|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20029842-503544.html|title=Mike Pence Says he Won't Run for President|work=CBS News|date=January 27, 2011|access-date=December 15, 2011}}</ref> Incumbent Republican Governor [[Mitch Daniels]] was term-limited. Pence ran on a platform that touted the successes of his predecessor and promised to continue educational reform and business deregulation of Daniels.<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Brandon|url=https://indianapublicmedia.org/news/pence-vows-business-regulation-elected-governor-32031/|title=Pence Vows No New Business Regulation If Elected Governor|publisher=Indiana Public Media|date=June 27, 2012|access-date=May 11, 2018|archive-date=May 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512115434/https://indianapublicmedia.org/news/pence-vows-business-regulation-elected-governor-32031/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Brandon|url=https://indianapublicmedia.org/news/daniels-pence-promise-continue-education-reform-39750/|title=Daniels And Pence Vow To Continue Education Reform|publisher=Indiana Public Media|date=November 7, 2012|access-date=May 11, 2018|archive-date=March 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301035123/http://indianapublicmedia.org/news/daniels-pence-promise-continue-education-reform-39750/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Democratic nominee was former [[List of Speakers of the Indiana House of Representatives|Indiana Speaker of the House]] [[John R. Gregg]]. Despite strong name recognition and a popular outgoing governor of the same party, Pence found himself in a heated race, eventually pulling out a close win with just under 50 percent of the vote, and less than 3% ahead of Gregg, with Libertarian nominee [[Rupert Boneham]] receiving most of the remaining votes.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nbcpolitics.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/06/14973266-pence-in-as-governor-of-indiana-hassan-wins-nh?lite|title=Pence in as governor of Indiana; Hassan wins N.H.|work=NBC News|date=November 6, 2012|access-date=December 17, 2012}}</ref>
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| Pence was sworn in as the 50th governor of Indiana on January 14, 2013.<ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Carden |url=http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/pence-sworn-in-as-indiana-s-th-governor/article_f2983b08-d136-509c-930b-6c8c62c81e65.html |title=Pence sworn in as Indiana's 50th governor |work=[[The Times of Northwest Indiana]] |date=January 14, 2013 }}</ref>
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| ===Fiscal and economic policy===
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| [[File:Mike Pence (16688758435).jpg|right|thumb|Governor Pence speaks at the 2015 [[Conservative Political Action Conference]] (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland, on February 27, 2015.]]
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| Pence "inherited a $2{{nbs}}billion budget reserve from his predecessor, Mitch Daniels, and the state{{nbs}}... added to that reserve under his watch, though not before requiring state agencies, including public universities, to reduce funding in years in which revenue fell below projections."<ref name=wsj071816>{{cite news|title=Mike Pence Brings Conservative Bona Fides to Donald Trump Ticket|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/mike-pence-brings-conservative-bona-fides-to-donald-trump-ticket-1468799412|access-date=July 18, 2016|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=July 17, 2016|first=Nick|last=Timiraos}}</ref> The state finished fiscal year 2014 with a reserve of $2{{nbs}}billion; budget cuts ordered by Pence for the $14{{nbs}}billion annual state budget include $24{{nbs}}million cut from colleges and universities; $27{{nbs}}million cut from the Family and Social Services Administration (FSSA);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/fssa/4839.htm|title=FSSA Mission and Vision|publisher=State of Indiana|access-date=May 18, 2017|website=in.gov}}</ref> and $12{{nbs}}million cut from the [[Indiana Department of Correction|Department of Correction]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Maureen |last=Hayden |url=http://www.tribstar.com/news/state-reports-budget-surplus-billion-in-reserves/article_311ce759-e38e-5b03-af6c-d7dfd0cecbd3.html |title=State reports budget surplus, $2{{nbs}}billion in reserves |publisher=[[Community Newspaper Holdings]] Indiana Statehouse Bureau |date=July 14, 2014 |access-date=May 18, 2017 |newspaper=Tribune Star }}</ref> During Pence's term as governor, the unemployment rate reflected the national average.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/fact-checking-trump-s-first-appearance-running-mate-mike-pence-n610871 |title=Fact-Checking Trump's First Appearance With Running Mate Mike Pence |work=NBC News |date=July 16, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 |department=Politics: 2016 Election }}</ref> Indiana's job growth lagged slightly behind the national trend.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Brooks |last=Jackson|url=http://www.factcheck.org/2016/07/pence-on-employment-record/|title=Pence on Employment Record|website=FactCheck.org|publisher=[[Annenberg Public Policy Center]]|date=July 21, 2016|department=The Wire|access-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref> In 2014, Indiana's economy was among the slowest-growing in the United States, with 0.4 percent GDP growth, compared to the national average of 2.2 percent; this was attributed in part to a sluggish manufacturing sector.<ref>{{cite news |first=Maureen |last=Groppe |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/2015/06/10/indianas-economy-growing-slowly-us-average/71030396/ |title=Indiana's Economy Growing More Slowly Than U.S. Average |newspaper=Indianapolis Star |date=June 10, 2015 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> [[Carrier Corp.]] and [[United Technologies Electronic Controls]] (UTEC) announced in 2016 that they would be closing two facilities in Indiana, sending 2,100 jobs to Mexico; the Trump campaign criticized the moves<ref name=offshoreIncentive/> and Pence expressed "deep disappointment".<ref>{{cite news |first=Kris |last=Turner |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/02/15/joe-donnelly-blames-carrier-closing-cheap-labor-chase/80413488/ |title=Sen. Joe Donnelly, Gov. Mike Pence react to Carrier, UTEC sending 2,100 Hoosier jobs to Mexico |newspaper=Indianapolis Star |date=February 15, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="AdamsSmith">{{cite news |first1=Matt |last1=Adams |first2=Matt |last2=Smith |url=http://fox59.com/2016/03/02/gov-pence-to-meet-with-carrier-executives-about-move-to-mexico/ |title=Gov. Pence meets with Carrier executives about move to Mexico |publisher=[[WXIN]] |date=March 2, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> Pence was unsuccessful in his efforts to persuade the companies to stay in the state, although the companies agreed to reimburse local and state governments for certain tax incentives they had received.<ref name="AdamsSmith" /><ref>{{cite news |first=Kris |last=Turner |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/money/2016/03/02/nothing-comes-meeting-between-gov-pence-head-carrier-utec/81220606/ |title=Carrier, UTEC agree to reimburse incentives after meeting with Gov. Pence |newspaper=Indianapolis Star |date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> The [[Indiana Economic Development Corporation]] led by Pence had approved $24{{nbs}}million in incentives to ten companies who sent jobs abroad. $8.7{{nbs}}million had been paid out by August 2016.<ref name=offshoreIncentive>{{cite news|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/08/28/under-pence-state-gave-incentives-companies-offshored-jobs/89260966/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905202932/http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/08/28/under-pence-state-gave-incentives-companies-offshored-jobs/89260966/ |title=Under Mike Pence, Indiana gave incentives to companies that offshored jobs |date=August 28, 2016 |first=Tony |last=Cook |newspaper=Indianapolis Star |access-date=November 22, 2016 |archive-date=September 5, 2016 |url-status=live |quote=List of Incentives and offshoring under Gov. Mike Pence }}</ref>
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| [[File:Barack Obama with Peter Shumlin and Mike Pence.jpg|thumb|Governor Pence (right) with President [[Barack Obama]] (left) and Vermont Governor [[Peter Shumlin]], February 25, 2013]]
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| In 2013, Pence signed a law blocking local governments in Indiana from requiring businesses to offer higher wages or benefits beyond those required by federal law. In 2015, Pence also repealed an Indiana law that required construction companies working on publicly funded projects to pay a [[prevailing wage]].<ref name="HuffPoMinWage" /><ref name="MahoneyLabor" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/indiana-unlikely-to-boost-minimum-wage-despite-widespread-support/article_a5cf1ebf-43aa-599d-9516-d1de423ea80b.html|title=Indiana unlikely to boost minimum wage despite widespread support|first=Dan|last=Carden|newspaper=[[The Times of Northwest Indiana]]|access-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/pence-signs-repeal-of-common-construction-wage/article_ba0c883c-1ee8-5403-824c-3af2c1eb36c8.html|title=Pence signs repeal of common construction wage|access-date=July 17, 2016|first=Dan|last=Carden|newspaper=The Times of Northwest Indiana}}</ref> Indiana enacted [[Right-to-work law|right-to-work legislation]] under Pence's predecessor, Republican governor Mitch Daniels. Under Pence, the state successfully defended this legislation against a [[Labor unions in the United States|labor]] challenge.<ref name="MahoneyLabor" /> In 2013, Pence also announced the formation of the [[Indiana Biosciences Research Institute]], a life sciences research facility supported with $25{{nbs}}million in startup funds from the state.<ref>{{cite web
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| |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/pence-pick-trump-just-made-womens-health-top-tier-election-issue/
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| |title= With Pence pick, Trump just made women's health a top-tier election issue
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| |last= Nather
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| |first= David
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| |publisher=[[PBS]]
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| |date= July 16, 2016
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| |access-date=June 22, 2017}}</ref>
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| Pence made tax reform, namely a ten percent income-tax rate cut, a priority for 2013.<ref name="TWP14">{{cite news |last=Rucker |first=Philip |date=December 12, 2014 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/mike-pence-lays-out-a-vision-for-presidential-campaign-but-will-he-be-a-candidate/2014/12/11/0988c650-7cbd-11e4-84d4-7c896b90abdc_story.html |title=Mike Pence Lays Out Vision for a Presidential Campaign. But Will He Be a Candidate? |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=January 1, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323968304578245720280333676 |title=Review & Outlook: The State Tax Reformers: More Governors look to repeal their income taxes |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=January 31, 2013 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> While he did not get the ten percent cut he advocated, Pence did accomplish his goal of cutting state taxes.<ref name="TWP14" /> Legislators cut the income tax by five percent and also killed the inheritance tax.<ref name="TWP14" /> Speaker of the House [[Brian Bosma]] said the legislative package was the "largest tax cut in our state's history, about $1.1{{nbs}}billion dollars".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Trinko |first=Katrina |date=May 7, 2013 |url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/347500/governor-pence%E2%80%99s-indiana-tax-win |title=Governor Pence's Indiana-Tax Win |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101195154/http://www.nationalreview.com/article/347500/governor-pence%E2%80%99s-indiana-tax-win |archive-date=January 1, 2015 |magazine=National Review |access-date= January 1, 2015 }}</ref> By signing Senate Bill 1, the state corporate income tax would be dropped from 6.5 percent to 4.9 percent by 2021, which would be the second-lowest corporate income tax in the nation.<ref name="Cook, Tony 2015">{{cite news |last=Cook |first=Tony |date=March 14, 2015 |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2014/03/25/gov-mike-pence-sign-business-tax-cuts/6859237/ |title=Gov. Mike Pence Signs Off on Business Tax Cuts |newspaper=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |access-date=July 22, 2016 }}</ref> The law also permitted Indiana counties to eliminate the business personal property tax on new equipment and let them exempt small businesses with less than $20,000 worth of equipment from paying personal property taxes.<ref name="Cook, Tony 2015"/>
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| On June 12, 2013, the Indiana Legislature [[Veto override|overrode]] Pence's veto of a bill to retroactively authorize a local tax. Lawmakers overrode Pence's veto in a 68–23 vote in the [[Indiana House of Representatives|House]] and a 34–12 one in the [[Indiana Senate|Senate]].<ref name="THB">{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=June 12, 2013 |url=http://www.heraldbulletin.com/archives/article_33e315ea-b1f5-5d7f-a99b-ffeb6231b818.html |title=Indiana Lawmakers Override Pence on Local Tax Measure |newspaper=The Herald Bulletin |access-date=January 1, 2015 }}</ref> Republican legislators overwhelmingly voted against Pence, while most Democrats supported his veto.<ref name="IndyStar">{{cite news |last=Schneider |first=Mary Beth |date=June 12, 2013 |url=http://www.indystar.com/article/20130612/NEWS05/306120072/Indiana-lawmakers-override-Gov-Mike-Pence-s-veto-resolve-county-tax-mixup |title=Indiana Lawmakers Override Gov. Mike Pence's Veto, Resolve County Tax Mixup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101201806/http://www.indystar.com/article/20130612/NEWS05/306120072/Indiana-lawmakers-override-Gov-Mike-Pence-s-veto-resolve-county-tax-mixup |archive-date=January 1, 2015 |newspaper=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |access-date=January 1, 2015 }}</ref> The Jackson–Pulaski tax fix, one of three bills vetoed by Pence during the session, addressed a 15-year-old county income tax which had been imposed to fund the construction of jail facilities with the stipulation that the tax be lowered by one percent after the first several years. The reduction was not implemented and thus county residents paid an additional one percent tax that they were legally not required to pay. The bill, which was passed by a huge majority of legislators and subsequently vetoed by Pence, allowed money to be kept and not returned to the taxpayers as would have otherwise been necessary.<ref name="IndyStar" /><ref>{{cite news |date=June 12, 2013 |url=http://www.wibc.com/blogs/legislature-overrides-pence-veto-jackson-pulaski-tax-fix |title=Legislature Overrides Pence Veto of Jackson-Pulaski Tax Fix |publisher=WIBC-FM 93.1 |access-date=January 1, 2015 |archive-date=January 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101195617/http://www.wibc.com/blogs/legislature-overrides-pence-veto-jackson-pulaski-tax-fix |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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| As governor, Pence pressed for a balanced budget amendment to the [[Constitution of Indiana|state's constitution]]. He initially proposed the initiative in his State of the State address in January 2015. The legislation passed the state Senate.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pence's balanced budget amendment advancing in Legislature|url=http://wishtv.com/2015/03/08/pences-balanced-budget-amendment-advancing-in-legislature/|access-date=July 14, 2016|publisher=[[WISH-TV]]|date=March 8, 2015|agency=Associated Press|first=Tom|last=Davies }}</ref> Indiana has had AAA [[credit rating]]s with the [[Big Three (credit rating agencies)|three major credit-rating agencies]] since 2010, before Pence took office; these ratings were maintained throughout Pence's tenure.<ref>{{cite news|title=S&P affirms Indiana bond rating|url=http://www.journalgazette.net/news/local/indiana/S-P-affirms-Indiana-bond-rating-12341983|access-date=July 18, 2016|newspaper=Journal Gazette|date=April 1, 2016}}</ref>
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| In 2014, Pence supported the Indiana Gateway project,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/indot/3373.htm|title=Indiana Gateway Project|publisher=INDOT|access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> a $71.4{{nbs}}million [[passenger rail|passenger]] and [[freight rail]] improvement initiative paid for by the [[American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009]] (the federal stimulus package), which Pence had voted against while a congressman.<ref name="PenceSweetens">{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Carden |url=http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/pence-sweetens-on-stimulus-as-state-benefits/article_fd09e549-992a-50f0-8776-013d6634755a.html |title=Pence sweetens on stimulus as state benefits |newspaper=The Times of Northwest Indiana |date=June 1, 2014 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> In October 2015, Pence "announced plans to pay off a $250{{nbs}}million federal loan" to cover unemployment insurance payments which had spiked during [[Great Recession|the recession]].<ref name=wsj071816/> In March 2016, Pence signed legislation to fund a $230{{nbs}}million two-year road-funding package.<ref name=wsj071816/>
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| ===Education policy===
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| During his tenure as governor, Pence supported significant increases in education funding to pre-schools, [[School voucher|voucher programs]], and [[charter school]]s, but frequently clashed with supporters of traditional public schools.<ref name="KleinEdWeek">{{cite news |first=Alyson |last=Klein |url=http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/campaign-k-12/2016/07/like_trump_pence_favors_school.html |title=Indiana's Pence, Trump VP Pick: Pro-School Choice, Anti-Common Core |work=EducationWeek |date=July 15, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="ElliottChalkbeat">{{cite news |first=Scott |last=Elliott |url=https://chalkbeat.org/posts/in/2015/07/13/the-basics-of-mike-pence-on-education-a-battle-for-control/ |title=The basics of Mike Pence on education: A battle for control |work=[[Chalkbeat]] |date=July 13, 2015 }}</ref> In 2014, a little over one year after taking office, Pence helped establish a $10-million state preschool [[pilot program]] in Indiana and testified personally before the [[Indiana Senate|state Senate]] Education Committee in favor of the program to convince fellow Republicans (several of whom opposed the proposal) to approve the plan.<ref name="KleinEdWeek"/><ref name="ElliottChalkbeat"/> Although the plan was initially defeated, Pence successfully managed to revive it, "getting Indiana off the list of just 10 states that spent no direct funds to help poor children attend preschool".<ref name="ElliottChalkbeat"/> Demand for enrollment in the program "far outstripped" capacity, and Pence at first refused to apply for up to $80{{nbs}}million in federal [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Health and Human Services]] Preschool Development Grant program funding,<ref name="KleinEdWeek"/> arguing that "Indiana must develop our own pre-K program without federal intrusion."<ref name="HoweyTakesHeat">{{cite news |first=Brian |last=Howey |url=http://www.nwitimes.com/news/opinion/columnists/brian-howey/brian-howey-pence-takes-heat-over-pre-k-federal-funds/article_dbbd7051-f2b5-53c1-8755-e1d2d9d2ff47.html |title=Pence takes heat over pre-K federal funds |work=Times of Northwest Indiana |date=October 26, 2014 }}</ref> After coming under sustained criticism for this position, Pence reversed course and sought to apply for the funds.<ref name="KleinEdWeek"/><ref>{{cite news |first1=Tony |last1=Cook |first2=Chelsea |last2=Schneider |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/06/02/-face-pence-expresses-interest-federal-pre-k-grant/85299438/ |title=In an about-face, Pence expresses interest in federal pre-K grant |work=Indianapolis Star |date=June 2, 2016 }}</ref>
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| In 2015, Pence secured significant increases in charter-school funding from the legislation, although he did not get everything he had proposed.<ref name="ElliottChalkbeat"/> Legislation signed into law by Pence in 2013 greatly increased the number of students in Indiana who qualify for school vouchers, making it one of the largest voucher programs in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ibj.com/articles/41267-pence-signs-indiana-voucher-expansion-bill |title=Pence signs Indiana voucher expansion bill |agency=Associated Press |date=May 9, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Carden |url=http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/pence-signs-law-expanding-school-voucher-eligibility/article_03841210-1ef2-5b47-ae7b-f7a0a1f4252f.html |title=Pence signs law expanding school voucher eligibility |work=Times of Northwest Indiana |date=May 9, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="WeddleMcInernyEd">{{cite news |first1=Eric |last1=Weddle |first2=Claire |last2=McInerny |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/07/20/486654015/what-did-pence-do-for-schools-as-governor-heres-a-look |title=What Did Mike Pence Do For Indiana Schools As Governor? Here's a Look |work=NPR |date=July 20, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="SchneiderCookVouchers">{{cite news |first1=Chelsea |last1=Schneider |first2=Tony |last2=Cook |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/education/2016/07/18/report-private-school-vouchers-cost-state-53-million/87254558/ |title=Are vouchers costing or saving taxpayer dollars? |work=Indianapolis Star |date=July 18, 2016 }}</ref> The annual cost of the program is estimated to be $53{{nbs}}million for the 2015–2016 school year.<ref name="WeddleMcInernyEd"/><ref name="SchneiderCookVouchers"/>
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| Pence opposed the [[Common Core State Standards Initiative]], calling for the repeal of the standards in his 2014 [[State of the State address]]. The Indiana General Assembly then passed a bill to repeal the standards, becoming the first state to do so.<ref name="KleinEdWeek"/><ref name="ElliottChalkbeat"/> In a televised interview appearance with [[Chris Matthews]], Pence advocated eroding the teaching of science in public schools by putting religious dogma on a par with established science, accepting "[[young earth creationism|creationist beliefs]]" as factual, and thus "[[teaching the controversy]]" over evolution and natural selection, and regarding the age of the earth, and letting children decide for themselves what to believe.<ref name=Boyle/>
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| Despite successful advocacy for more funding for pre-schools, [[School voucher|voucher programs]], and [[charter school]]s, Pence has frequently clashed with teachers unions and supporters of [[State school#United States|public schooling]].<ref name="KleinEdWeek"/><ref name="ElliottChalkbeat"/> In one of his first acts as governor, Pence removed control of the Educational Employment Relations Board, which was in charge of handling conflicts between unions and [[List of school districts in Indiana|school boards]], from [[Glenda Ritz]], a Democrat who was the [[Indiana Superintendent of Public Instruction|Indiana superintendent of public instruction]] (a separately elected position in the state).<ref name=educationdive>{{Cite web |url=http://www.educationdive.com/news/republican-backed-bill-would-shift-power-from-indiana-ed-chief/358572/ |first=Allie |last=Gross |title=Republican-backed bill would shift power from Indiana ed chief |work=educationdive.com |date=January 30, 2015}}</ref> Pence created a new "Center for Education and Career Innovation" (CECI) to coordinate efforts between schools and the private sector; Ritz opposed the center, viewing it as a "power grab" and encroachment on her own duties. Pence eventually disestablished the center in order to help defuse the conflict.<ref name="KleinEdWeek"/><ref name="ElliottChalkbeat"/> In May 2015, Pence signed a bill stripping Ritz of much of her authority over [[standardized testing]] and other education issues, and reconstituting the State Board of Education dominated by Pence appointees.<ref name="PenceRitzBattle">{{cite news |first=Tom |last=LoBianco |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2015/05/07/pence-signs-bill-stripping-ritz-education-authority/70966236/ |title=Pence signs bill stripping Ritz of education authority |agency=Associated Press |date=May 7, 2015 }}</ref> The bill also allowed the board to appoint a chairman other than the Superintendent of Public Instruction starting in 2017, and added the State Board of Education (controlled by Pence) as a "state educational authority" along with the Department of Education (controlled by Ritz) for purposes of accessing sensitive student data.<ref name="PenceRitzBattle"/> Pence and Ritz also clashed over non-binding federal guidelines that advised Indiana public schools must treat transgender students in a way that corresponds to their [[gender identity]], even if their education files indicate a different gender.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.ibj.com/articles/58599-bathroom-guidelines-for-transgender-students-leave-pence-ritz-at-odds |title=Bathroom guidelines for transgender students leave Pence, Ritz at odds |work=[[Indianapolis Business Journal]] |date=May 14, 2016 }}</ref>
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| ===Energy and environment===
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| During Pence's term in office, the Republican-controlled [[Indiana General Assembly]] "repeatedly tried to roll back [[Renewable energy in the United States|renewable energy]] standards and successfully ended Indiana's energy efficiency efforts".<ref name="Hirji2016"/> Pence has been an outspoken supporter of the [[coal industry]], declaring in his 2015 [[State of the State address]] that "Indiana is a pro-coal state," expressing support for an "all-of-the-above energy strategy", and stating: "we must continue to oppose the overreaching schemes of the EPA until we bring their war on coal to an end."<ref name="Hirji2016"/><ref name="2015StateoftheState">{{Cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/gov/2015stateofstate.htm|title=Governor Pence: 2015 State of the State|website=www.in.gov|date=January 13, 2015|access-date=May 18, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201023427/http://www.in.gov/gov/2015stateofstate.htm|archive-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref> In 2015, Pence sent a letter to President Obama denouncing the EPA's [[Clean Power Plan]] (which would regulate carbon emissions from existing power plants) and stating that Indiana would refuse to comply with the plan.<ref name="Hirji2016"/><ref>{{Cite news|first=Maureen|last=Groppe|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2015/06/24/pence-epa-emissions-rules-need-changes-indiana-agree/29215723/|title=Pence: EPA must change emissions rules or Indiana won't comply|newspaper=Indianapolis Star|access-date=May 18, 2016|date=June 24, 2015}}</ref> Indiana joined other states in a lawsuit seeking to invalidate the plan.<ref name="Hirji2016"/> In 2016, Pence said that even if legal challenges failed, Indiana would continue to defy the rule and would not come up with its own plan to reduce emissions.<ref>{{cite news |first=Maureen |last=Groppe |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/2016/02/20/pence-defy-coal-plant-rules/80674462/ |title=Pence to defy coal plant rules |newspaper=Indianapolis Star |date=February 20, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref>
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| ===Gun policy===
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| In 2014, over the opposition of Indiana school organizations, Pence signed a bill which allows firearms to be kept in vehicles on school property.<ref>{{cite news |first=Stephanie |last=Wang |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/education/2014/03/26/pence-signs-bill-allow-guns-school-parking-lots/6929307/ |title=Gov. Mike Pence signs bill to allow guns in school parking lots |newspaper=Indianapolis Star |date=March 26, 2014 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> In 2015, following a [[2015 Chattanooga shootings|shooting in Chattanooga]], Pence recruited the [[National Rifle Association]] to train the [[Indiana National Guard]] on concealed carry. Some National Guard officials from other states questioned why a civilian organization would be involved in a military issue.<ref>{{cite news |first=Brian |last=Slodysko |url=http://www.pressherald.com/2015/08/21/indiana-enlists-nra-to-train-national-guard-on-concealed-guns/ |title=Indiana enlists NRA to train National Guard on concealed guns |agency=Associated Press |date=August 21, 2015 |access-date=May 18, 2017 |newspaper=Portland Press Herald }}</ref> In May 2015, Pence signed into law Senate Bill 98, which limited lawsuits against gun and ammunition manufacturers and sellers and retroactively terminated the [[Gary, Indiana|City of Gary]]'s still-pending 1999 lawsuit against gun manufacturers and retailers that allegedly made illegal sales of [[handgun]]s.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jacob |last=Rund |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2015/05/08/bills-gov-pence-signed-law/26977175/ |title=What bills has Gov. Pence signed into law? |newspaper=Indianapolis Star |date=May 9, 2015 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="CardenGaryGunLawsuit">{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Carden |url=http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/fate-of-gary-gun-lawsuit-in-pence-s-hands/article_ef497611-7a59-5ee5-bb93-8fdee58ab977.html |title=Fate of Gary gun lawsuit in Pence's hands |newspaper=The Times of Northwest Indiana |date=April 21, 2015 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> The bill was supported by Republicans such as state senator [[Jim Tomes]], who hoped the measure would attract more gun-related businesses to Indiana, but opposed by [[Mayor of Gary, Indiana|Gary mayor]] and former [[Indiana Attorney General|Indiana attorney general]] [[Karen Freeman-Wilson]], who viewed the measure as "an unprecedented violation of the [[separation of powers in the United States|separation of powers]] between the legislative and judicial branches of state government".<ref name="CardenGaryGunLawsuit"/> In 2016, Pence signed Senate Bill 109 into law, legalizing the [[Canned hunt|captive hunting]] of farm-raised deer in Indiana.<ref>{{cite news |first=Niki |last=Kelly |url=http://www.journalgazette.net/news/local/indiana/Pence-signs-captive-hunting-bill-12178783 |title=Pence signs captive hunting bill |newspaper=Journal Gazette |date=March 22, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref>
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| ===Public health===
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| [[File:New VA Clinic Dedication at Camp Atterbury, Ind. 05.jpg|thumb|left|Governor Pence at the dedication of a new veterans' clinic, March 30, 2016]]
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| In 2009, parts of [[East Chicago, Indiana|East Chicago]] were discovered to have toxic [[lead poisoning|lead]] and [[arsenic poisoning|arsenic contamination]], and were designated a [[Superfund]] site. Governor Pence declined to declare the Superfund site a state emergency;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/east-chicago-lead-mike-pence_us_58a4b76fe4b07602ad5128c9|title=Mike Pence Ignored A Lead Contamination Crisis In His Backyard|last=Erbentraut|first=Joseph|date=February 16, 2017| work= The Huffington Post|access-date=February 23, 2017}}</ref> his successor Governor [[Eric Holcomb]] has issued Executive Order 17–13, declaring a disaster emergency in East Chicago.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/gov/2384.htm|title=Governor Holcomb: Executive Orders|website=www.in.gov|language=en-US| access-date= February 23, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://patch.com/illinois/chicago/east-chicago-lead-crisis-declared-emergency-indiana-governor| title= East Chicago Lead Crisis Declared Emergency by Indiana Governor|date=February 10, 2017|newspaper= Patch| location= Chicago| access-date= February 23, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> The site of several former [[lead smelting]] plants was first identified as a health concern by the [[Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] in 1997.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianaeconomicdigest.com/main.asp?SectionID=31&subsectionID=259&articleID=85143 |title=Old East Chicago lead smelter site went unaddressed for years |first=Sarah |last=Reese |date=September 4, 2016 |website=Indiana Economic Digest |access-date=July 30, 2018 |archive-date=July 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730170857/https://indianaeconomicdigest.com/main.asp?SectionID=31&subsectionID=259&articleID=85143 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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| Beginning in December 2014, there was an [[HIV]] outbreak in Southern Indiana.<ref name="JesterScience">{{cite news|url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/two-times-mike-pence-brushed-off-science/|title=Two Times Mike Pence Brushed Off Science|last=Barry-Jester|first=Anna Maria|date=July 15, 2016|work=FiveThirtyEight|language=en-US|access-date=July 16, 2016}}</ref> In 2011, Planned Parenthood (PP) operated five rural clinics in Indiana. They tested for HIV and offered prevention, intervention and counseling to improve public health outcomes. The PP clinic in [[Scott County, Indiana|Scott County]] performed no abortions.<ref name="chicagotribune.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/post-tribune/opinion/ct-ptb-rutter-on-scott-county-st-0607-20150606-story.html|title=Little Indiana town paid for war on Planned Parenthood|first=David|last=Rutter|work=chicagotribune.com|date=June 6, 2015|access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref> The Republican-controlled legislature and Pence defunded Planned Parenthood.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/31/indiana-planned-parenthood_n_6977232.html|title=Indiana Shut Down Its Rural Planned Parenthood Clinics And Got An HIV Outbreak|first=Laura|last=Bassett|date=March 31, 2015|work=huffingtonpost.com|access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref> Scott County has been without an HIV testing center since 2013.<ref name="chicagotribune.com"/> Pence had long been a vocal opponent of [[Needle exchange programme|needle exchange programs]], which allow drug users to trade in used syringes for sterile ones in order to stop the spread of diseases, despite solid scientific evidence that such programs prevent the spread of AIDS, [[Hepatitis B]] (HBV) and [[Hepatitis C]] (HCV), and do not increase drug abuse.<ref name="JesterScience" /> In March 2015, well after the outbreak began, Pence finally allowed at least five counties to open needle exchanges, but did not move to lift the state ban on funding for needle exchanges.<ref name="JesterScience" /> Critics say Pence's compromise had been ineffective because counties had no way to pay for needle exchanges themselves. Anesthesiologist [[Jerome Adams]], then the Pence-appointed Indiana state health commissioner and now the Trump-appointed [[Surgeon General of the United States|surgeon general of the United States]], defended Pence, arguing that publicly funded needle exchange programs are controversial in many conservative communities. During his time as Indiana State Health Commissioner, Adams—along with Governor Pence—delayed Indiana's efforts to deal with the largest [[HIV]] outbreak related to injection drug use in the history of the United States by stalling adoption of a [[needle exchange program]]. Adams said, "There are people who have real moral and ethical concerns about passing out needles to people with substance abuse problems. To be honest, I shared that sentiment."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/03/02/how-mike-pence-made-indianas-hiv-outbreak-worse-118648 |title=How Mike Pence Made Indiana's HIV Outbreak Worse |work=[[Politico]] |first1=Gregg|last1=Gonsalves |first2=Forrest |last2=Crawford |date=March 2, 2020 |access-date=March 12, 2020 }}</ref><ref name="Demko">{{cite news |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2016/08/under-pences-leadership-response-to-heroin-epidemic-criticized-as-ineffective-226759 |title=How Mike Pence's slow walk on needle exchange helped propel Indiana's health crisis; The GOP vice presidential nominee's response to Indiana's opioid scourge offers a window into his approach to handling a crisis |first=Paul |last=Demko |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=August 7, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> When President Trump appointed Pence in 2020 to head the country's response to coronavirus, he touted his ostensible experience with quelling an epidemic of HIV in Indiana, in which Pence deliberately delayed his state government's response to the disease despite the recommendations of the [[Centers for Disease Control]] that needle exchange was an efficacious approach to reining in the spread of diseases. Pence had told lawmakers he would veto any bill they might pass that provided for such exchanges.<ref name=needles/><ref name=delay>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/02/27/mike-pence-hiv-indiana/ |title=Mike Pence was criticized for his handling of Indiana's HIV outbreak. He will lead the U.S. coronavirus response |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 27, 2020 |access-date=March 2, 2020 }}</ref>
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| In 2015, Pence and the [[Obama administration]] agreed to expand [[Medicaid]] in Indiana, in accordance with the [[Affordable Care Act]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2015/01/27/gov-pence-gets-federal-ok-medicaid-alternative/22396503/|title=Gov. Pence gets federal OK for Medicaid alternative|access-date=July 15, 2016|newspaper=Indianapolis Star|date=January 27, 2017|first1=Shari|last1=Rudavsky|first2=Maureen|last2=Groppe}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/07/15/republicans-hate-obamacare-but-mike-pence-expanded-it-in-indiana/|title=Republicans hate Obamacare. But Mike Pence expanded it in Indiana.|access-date=July 15, 2016|date=July 15, 2016|newspaper=The Washington Post|first=Max|last=Ehrenfreund}}</ref> As part of the expansion, called the [[Healthy Indiana Plan]] 2.0, Pence negotiated modifications to the program for Indiana that included co-payments by participants. The co-payments are linked to healthy behaviors on the part of the participants so that, for example, a participant who quit smoking would receive a lower co-payment. Participants can lose benefits for failing to make the payments.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/01/29/will-mike-pence-tip-the-gop-scales-on-medicaid-expansion/|title=Will Mike Pence tip the GOP scales on Medicaid expansion?|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=July 15, 2016|date=January 29, 2015|first=Nia-Malika|last=Henderson}}</ref> The required contribution would be about 2% of income. Critics say those who already struggle to buy food and housing will have even more difficulty paying their 2%. One critic expressed concern that lower-income people may stay out of the program or avoid pursuing health care. A service provider said the program "wins the award for bureaucratic complexity and red tape".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2015/01/27/gov-pence-gets-federal-ok-medicaid-alternative/22396503/ |title=Gov. Pence gets federal OK for Medicaid alternative |first1=Shari |last1=Rudavsky |first2=Maureen |last2=Groppe |newspaper=Indianapolis Star |date=January 27, 2015 |access-date=November 25, 2017 }}</ref> In early 2017, Indiana submitted its application to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to renew Healthy Indiana, to show that the program was meeting its targets, as required for renewal. National Public Radio/Side Effects Public Media said the application used "misleading and inaccurate information".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/02/24/516704082/indiana-s-claims-about-its-medicaid-program-dont-all-check-out |title=Indiana's Claims About Its Medicaid Experiment Don't All Check Out |publisher=NPR |date=February 24, 2017 |first=Jake |last=Harper |access-date=January 10, 2018 }}</ref>
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| ===Religion and LGBT rights===
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| {{See also|Religious Freedom Restoration Act (Indiana)}}
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| [[File:Mike Pence by Gage Skidmore 7.jpg|right|thumb|Pence addresses supporters at a church service, September 2016.]]
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| On March 26, 2015, Pence signed [[Indiana SB 101|Indiana Senate Bill 101]], also known as the Indiana "religious objections" bill (Religious Freedom Restoration Act, or RFRA), into law.<ref>{{cite news|title=Indiana Gov. Pence defends religious objections law: 'This bill is not about discrimination'|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/chi-indiana-religious-freedom-bill-sb101-pence-20150326-story.html|access-date=April 22, 2017|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|agency=Associated Press|date=March 26, 2015}}</ref> The move was praised by [[Christian right|religious conservatives]],<ref>{{cite news |first=Dwight |last=Adams |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2018/04/25/rfra-indiana-why-law-signed-mike-pence-so-controversial/546411002/ |title=RFRA: Why the 'religious freedom law' signed by Mike Pence was so controversial |newspaper=Indianapolis Star |date=May 3, 2018 }}</ref> but criticized by people and groups who felt the law was carefully worded in a way that would permit discrimination against [[LGBT]] persons.<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-religion-indiana-idUSKBN0MO0RF20150329|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329032045/https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/29/us-usa-religion-indiana-idUSKBN0MO0RF20150329|url-status=live|title=Thousands march in Indiana to protest law seen targeting gays|work=Reuters|date=March 29, 2015|archive-date=March 29, 2015}}</ref><ref name="huffporelig">{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/01/religious-groups-protest-rfra_n_6986002.html?ir=Politics|title=These Religious Groups Want Nothing To Do With Indiana's New Law|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=April 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/opinion/readers/2015/03/07/indiana-needs-religious-freedom-legislation/24477303/ |title=Law professor: Why Indiana needs 'religious freedom' legislation |date=March 7, 2015 |first=Daniel O. |last=Conkle |newspaper=[[The Indianapolis Star]]}}</ref><ref name="Atlantic">{{cite news|last1=Epps|first1=Garrett|title=What Makes Indiana's Religious-Freedom Law Different?|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/03/what-makes-indianas-religious-freedom-law-different/388997/|access-date=April 1, 2015|work=The Atlantic|date=March 30, 2015}}</ref> Such organizations as the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA), the gamer convention [[Gen Con]], and the [[Disciples of Christ]] spoke out against the law. Apple CEO [[Tim Cook]] and Salesforce.com CEO [[Marc Benioff]] condemned the law, with [[Salesforce.com]] saying it would halt its plans to expand in the state.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 26, 2015 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/25/politics/mike-pence-religious-freedom-bill-gay-rights/ |title=NCAA 'concerned' over Indiana law that allows biz to reject gays |work=CNN |access-date=March 26, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/5c0770a9256e4dca98c4c569f62f44db/indiana-officials-look-stem-religious-objections-fallout |title=Indiana officials look to stem religious objections fallout |first=Tom |last=Davies |date=March 27, 2015 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> [[Angie's List]] announced that they would cancel a $40{{nbs}}million expansion of their Indianapolis-based headquarters over concerns with the law. The expansion would have moved 1000 jobs into the state.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Tim|title=Angie's List canceling Eastside expansion over RFRA|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/money/2015/03/28/angies-list-canceling-eastside-expansion-rfra/70590738/|newspaper=[[The Indianapolis Star]]|access-date=June 28, 2013|date=March 28, 2015}}</ref> Thousands protested against the policy.<ref name="Reuters" /> Five Republican state representatives voted against the bill, and [[Greg Ballard]], the Republican mayor of Indianapolis, criticized it as sending the "wrong signal" about the state.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2015/03/25/ballard-religious-freedom-bill-sends-wrong-signal/70433380/|title=Ballard: 'Religious freedom' bill sends 'wrong signal'|date=March 26, 2015|work=Indy Star|first1=Ryan|last1=Sabalow|first2=Brian|last2=Eason}}</ref>
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| Pence defended the law, saying it was not about discrimination. In an appearance on the [[ABC News]] program ''[[This Week (ABC TV series)|This Week with George Stephanopoulos]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/indiana-gov-mike-pence-controversial-religious-freedom-law/story?id=29985752|title=ABC News 'This Week with George Stephanopoulos'|date=March 29, 2015}}</ref> he said, "We are not going to change this law," while refusing to answer whether examples of discrimination against LGBT people given by Eric Miller of anti-LGBT group [[Advance America]] would be legal under the law.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ktla.com/2015/03/29/indiana-not-going-to-change-anti-lgbt-law-gov-mike-pence-says/|title=Indiana 'Not Going to Change' Anti-LGBT Law, Gov. Mike Pence Says|work=KTLA 5|date=March 29, 2015}}</ref> Pence denied the law permitted discrimination and wrote in a March 31, 2015, ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' op-ed, "If I saw a restaurant owner refuse to serve a gay couple, I wouldn't eat there anymore. As governor of Indiana, if I were presented a bill that legalized discrimination against any person or group, I would veto it."<ref name="WSJ">{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/mike-pence-ensuring-religious-freedom-in-indiana-1427757799 |title=Ensuring Religious Freedom in Indiana |date=March 31, 2015|last1=Pence|first1=Mike|access-date=April 1, 2015|work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> In the wake of the backlash against the RFRA, on April 2, 2015, Pence signed legislation revising the law to protect against potential discrimination.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2015/04/religious_objection_laws.html|title=Indiana, Arkansas pass revised religious objection proposals|date=April 2, 2015|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=[[The Times-Picayune]]|location=New Orleans}}</ref> Pence received heavy criticism from liberals at the time of signing the religious freedom law, who labeled him as anti-gay. In 2018, emails released to the [[Associated Press]] showed that conservatives had also opposed his changing the law.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2018-03-28/emails-conservatives-slammed-pence-in-2015-for-changing-law|title=Conservatives Slammed Pence in 2015 For Changing Law|work=US News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403193559/https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2018-03-28/emails-conservatives-slammed-pence-in-2015-for-changing-law|archive-date=April 3, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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| ===Abortion===
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| In March 2016, as Indiana governor, Pence signed into law H.B. 1337, a bill that both banned certain [[abortion]] procedures and placed new [[Types of abortion restrictions in the United States|restrictions on abortion providers]]. The bill banned abortion if the reason for the procedure given by the woman was the [[fetus]]' race or gender or a fetal abnormality. In addition, the bill required that all fetal remains from abortions or miscarriages at any stage of pregnancy be buried or cremated, which according to the [[Guttmacher Institute]] was not required in any other state.<ref>{{cite news |first=Emily |last=Crockett |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/3/26/11308890/indiana-abortion-law-miscarriage |title=Indiana crammed as many anti-abortion bills as it could into this horrifying new law |work=Vox |date=March 26, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="SmithEckholm">{{cite news |first1=Mitch |last1=Smith |first2=Erik |last2=Eckholm |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/01/us/federal-judge-blocks-indiana-abortion-law.html |title=Federal Judge Blocks Indiana Abortion Law |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 30, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Emma |last=Green |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/state-mandated-mourning-for-aborted-fetuses/482688/ |title=State-Mandated Mourning for Aborted Fetuses |work=The Atlantic |date=May 14, 2016 }}</ref> The law was described as "exceptional for its breadth"; if implemented, it would have made Indiana "the first state to have a blanket ban on abortions based solely on race, sex or suspected disabilities, including evidence of [[Down syndrome]]".<ref name="SmithEckholm"/> Days after the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in ''[[Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt]]'', a [[United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana|federal court]] issued a [[preliminary injunction]] blocking the bill from taking effect, with U.S. district judge [[Tanya Walton Pratt]] determining that the bill was likely to be unconstitutional and that the State of Indiana would be unlikely to prevail at trial.<ref name="SmithEckholm"/> The abortion bill was subsequently ruled unconstitutional in April 2018 by the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2018/04/19/appeals-court-affirms-ruling-pence-era-law-banning-abortions-based-disability-diagnosis/534986002/|title=Indiana abortion law signed by former Gov. Mike Pence is ruled unconstitutional|work=IndyStar|first=Holly|last=Hays|access-date=May 11, 2018}}</ref>
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| ===Media and the press===
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| [[File:Mike_Pence_-_2015_500_Festival_Parade_-_Stierch.jpg|right|upright|thumb|Pence at the [[500 Festival Parade]] in Indianapolis, 2015]]
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| In June 2013, Pence was criticized for deleting comments of others posted on his official government Facebook page; he apologized.<ref>{{cite news|last=Murray|first=Jon|title=Governor apologizes for deleted Facebook comments|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/06/28/ind-governor-apologizes-for-deleted-facebook-comments/2474451/|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|agency=The Indianapolis Star|access-date=June 28, 2013|date=June 28, 2013}}</ref>
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| On January 26, 2015, it was widely reported that Pence had planned to launch a state-run, taxpayer-funded news service for Indiana.<ref name="State-run News">{{cite news|last1=LoBianco|first1=Tom|title=Indiana state-run news outlet will compete with media|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/01/26/state-run-news-outlet-will-compete-with-media/22379417/|access-date=April 14, 2015|work=USA Today|date=January 26, 2015}}</ref> The service, called "JustIN", was to be overseen by a former reporter for ''[[The Indianapolis Star]]'', and would feature breaking news, stories written by press secretaries, and light features.<ref name="State-run News" /> At the time, it was reported that the two employees who would run the news service would be paid a combined $100,000 yearly salary.<ref name="State-run News" /> The target audience was small newspapers which had limited staff, but the site would also serve to communicate directly with the public. The publisher of the ''Commercial Review'' of [[Portland, Indiana]], said, "I think it's a ludicrous idea{{nbs}}... the notion of elected officials presenting material that will inevitably have a pro-administration point of view is antithetical to the idea of an independent press."<ref name="State-run News" /> There was speculation that the news service would publish pro-administration stories that would make Pence look good in the event of a presidential run.<ref name="CSM">{{cite news|last1=Mataconis|first1=Doug|title=A state-run news agency for 'small government' Indiana: Huh?|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Politics-Voices/2015/0128/A-state-run-news-agency-for-small-government-Indiana-Huh|access-date=April 14, 2015|work=The Christian Science Monitor|date=January 28, 2015}}</ref>
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| According to [[Associated Press]], the idea "of stories prewritten for the media set off a wave of criticism from journalists around the country, who likened the Indiana endeavor to state-run media in Russia and China. Headlines like 'Pravda in the Plains' accompanied calls for Pence to scrap the idea."<ref name="APJustinIn">{{cite news|title=Indiana Gov. Mike Pence's state-run news service stirs controversy|url=http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2015/01/indiana_gov_mike_pences_state-run_news_service_stirs_controversy.html|agency=Associated Press|date=January 28, 2015}}</ref> David A. Graham of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' regarded the announcement of JustIN as evidence of a disturbing changing trend in how the public gets news.<ref name="Pravda on the Plains">{{cite news|last1=Graham|first1=David A.|title=Pravda on the Plains: Indiana's New Propaganda Machine|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/01/Indiana-Governor-Mike-Pence-to-Start-State-Sponsored-News-Service-Just-IN/384867/|access-date=April 14, 2015|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> After a week or so of controversy about the idea, Pence scrapped the idea saying, "However well-intentioned, after thorough review of the preliminary planning and careful consideration of the concerns expressed, I am writing you to inform you that I have made a decision to terminate development of the JustIN website immediately."<ref name="Kills">{{cite news|last1=LoBianco|first1=Tom|title=Just in: Indiana governor kills state-run news outlet|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/01/29/indiana-governor-ends-plans-state-run-news-outlet/22529471/|access-date=April 14, 2015|work=USA Today}}</ref>
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| ===Syrian refugee crisis===
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| As governor, Pence attempted unsuccessfully to prevent [[Refugees of the Syrian Civil War|Syrian refugees]] from being resettled in Indiana.<ref name="ExodusCont">{{cite news|title=Exodus, continued: Indiana's governor is losing his fight to keep Syrian refugees away: Most other governors seem to have quietly dropped the matter|url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21694832-most-other-governors-seem-have-quietly-dropped-matter-indianas-governor-losing|access-date=March 15, 2016|work=[[The Economist]]|date=March 14, 2016}}</ref> In February 2016, a federal judge ruled that Pence's order to cut off federal funds for a local non-profit refugee resettlement agency was unconstitutional; Pence has appealed.<ref name="ExodusCont"/>
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| In December 2015, Pence said that "calls to ban Muslims from entering the U.S. are offensive and unconstitutional."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2016/jul/14/ticket-trump-pick-pence-ginsburg-politics|title=That's the ticket: Trump said to pick Pence|date=July 14, 2016|website=The Guardian|access-date=July 16, 2016}}</ref>
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| ===Public-records requests and use of private email===
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| Pence "repeatedly stonewalled public records requests as governor, often withholding documents or delaying their release if not denying them outright".<ref name="APEmails">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jun/17/mike-pence-emails-indiana-governor |title=Indiana to pay out $100,000 to deal with requests for Mike Pence emails |agency=Associated Press |work=The Guardian |date=June 17, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Brian |last=Slodysko |url=https://apnews.com/bcf78da516f6441fa5779ce93a71de67/indiana-court-public-records-requirements-applied-pence |title=Indiana court: Public records requirements applied to Pence |work=Associated Press |date=January 10, 2017 |quote=Pence, whose gubernatorial administration ended Monday, has also resisted the public release of emails and other documents that could shed light on his tenure as governor. In some cases, his office has withheld documents, delayed responses or denied public records requests filed by The Associated Press and other news organizations. }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Brian |last=Slodysko |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-pence-emails-records-indiana-20170303-story.html |title=Pence fought against releasing records, including emails, as Indiana governor |agency=Associated Press |date=March 3, 2017 }}</ref> As governor, Pence routinely used a personal [[AOL Mail|AOL email account]] to conduct official business, according to public records. In 2016, hackers compromised the account and used it to send [[Email fraud|fraudulent emails]] in an attempt to obtain money from Pence's contacts.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]] |first=Brian |last=Slodysko |date=October 10, 2017 |access-date=October 10, 2017 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-10/indiana-vague-about-reasons-for-withholding-pence-s-emails |title=Indiana Officials Vague About Reasons for Withholding Pence Emails}}</ref> While Pence's use of a private email account for state business is not prohibited by Indiana law, some of the emails discussed sensitive matters and homeland security issues.<ref name="Cook">{{Cite news |first=Tony |last=Cook |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2017/03/02/pence-used-personal-email-state-business----and-hacked/98604904 |title=Pence used personal email for state business—and was hacked |date=March 2, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Indianapolis Star]]}}</ref> In March 2017, after Pence had become vice president, the State of Indiana released 29 emails to media outlets that had made [[Freedom of information in the United States|public records requests]], but withheld an undisclosed number of other emails, saying they were [[Deliberative process privilege|deliberative]] or advisory and thus exempt from public disclosure.<ref name="Cook"/> Cybersecurity experts and [[government transparency]] advocates were surprised by Pence's use of a personal email account to conduct public business, given Pence's past attacks on [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[Hillary Clinton email controversy|use of a private email server]] while U.S. secretary of state.<ref name="Cook"/> In 2017, Indiana hired a private law firm for $100,000 to handle a backlog of public-records requests for Pence's personal AOL account email correspondence.<ref name="APEmails"/>
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| ===Re-election campaign and withdrawal===
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| {{Main|2016 Indiana gubernatorial election}}
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| Pence ran for a second term as governor. He was unopposed in the May 3, 2016, Republican primary for governor. He was to face Democrat [[John R. Gregg]] in a rematch of the 2012 race. However, Pence filed paperwork ending his campaign on July 15, 2016, as Trump announced his selection of Pence as [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016#Selection of running mate|his vice presidential running mate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wdrb.com/story/32454202/mike-pence-officially-withdraws-from-indiana-governors-race|title=Mike Pence officially withdraws from Indiana governor's race|agency=Associated Press|date=July 15, 2016}}</ref> Lieutenant Governor [[Eric Holcomb]] was nominated in Pence's place, and selected [[Suzanne Crouch]] as his running mate.<ref name="CommitteeResult">{{cite news|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/07/26/live-updates-indiana-republicans-meet-today-pick-pences-replacement/87540124/|title=Indiana GOP panel nominates Eric Holcomb for governor|newspaper=[[The Indianapolis Star]]|last1=Eason|first1=Brian|last2=Tony|first2=Cook|last3=Briggs|first3=James|date=July 26, 2016|access-date=July 26, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Crouch">{{cite web|url=http://fox59.com/2016/08/01/holcomb-to-introduce-crouch-as-his-running-mate-in-governors-race/|title=Holcomb introduces Crouch as his running mate in governor's race|publisher=[[WXIN|Fox 59]]|date=August 1, 2016|access-date=August 2, 2016}}</ref> Holcomb went on to defeat Gregg in the general election.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianaenr.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/archive/2016General/index.html |title=Indiana Secretary of State Election Results |access-date=April 21, 2020 |archive-date=August 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810211351/https://indianaenr.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/archive/2016General/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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| ==2016 vice presidential campaign==
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| {{See also|2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection|Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign}}
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| [[File:Mike Pence (29270325142).jpg|thumb|left|Pence speaks at a campaign rally in [[Phoenix, Arizona]], August 2016.]]
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| Pence endorsed Senator [[Ted Cruz]] of Texas in the [[Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016|2016 Republican presidential primaries]].<ref name="Phillips10Things" />
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| Donald Trump considered naming Pence as his vice presidential running mate along with other finalists including New Jersey governor [[Chris Christie]] and former House speaker [[Newt Gingrich]].<ref>Nussbalm, Matthew, ''[http://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/trump-mike-pence-vice-president-225387 Trump flirts with unpopular Pence]'', Politico, July 12, 2016</ref> Pence had stronger connections at the time to the politically influential big donors, [[Political activities of the Koch brothers|the Kochs]], than Trump did.<ref name="The Danger of President Pence"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/10/18/558525943/understanding-mike-pence-and-his-relationship-to-trump-his-public-role-is-fawnin |title=Understanding Mike Pence And His Relationship To Trump: 'His Public Role Is Fawning' |first1=Terry |last1=Gross |author-link1=Terry Gross |first2=Jane |last2=Mayer |author-link2=Jane Mayer |date=October 18, 2017 |website=[[NPR.org]] |publisher=[[Fresh Air]] |access-date=October 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-koch-trump-201708-story.html |title=They snubbed Trump. But the Koch network has still exerted a surprising influence over the White House |first=Lisa |last=Mascaro |date=August 15, 2017 |website=[[LATimes.com]] |access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/washington/la-na-essential-washington-updates-vice-president-pence-to-headline-koch-1506705515-htmlstory.html: |title=Pence to headline Koch network's strategy session for the midterm elections |first=Lisa |last=Mascaro |date=September 29, 2017 |website=[[LATimes.com]] |access-date=October 26, 2017 |quote=The network, founded by billionaire industrialist Koch brothers Charles G. and David H. Koch, has close ties to Pence, which has helped enable it to exert influence in the White House despite not endorsing President Trump in 2016.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/355600-bannon-kochs-would-own-pence-if-he-became-president |title=Bannon: Kochs 'would own' Pence if he became president |first=Mallory |last=Shelbourne |date=October 16, 2017 |website=[[Thehill.com]] |access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref> It was widely reported on July 14 that Pence planned to end his re-election campaign and accept the Republican vice presidential nomination instead.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/07/14/report-pence-trumps-vp-pick/87075866/|title=Pence is Trump's VP pick|first1=James|last1=Briggs|first2=Tony|last2=Cook|newspaper=[[The Indianapolis Star]]|date=July 14, 2016}}</ref> The following day, Trump officially announced on Twitter that Pence would be his running mate.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2016/jul/15/donald-trump-vice-president-clinton-convention-election|title=Donald Trump announces Mike Pence as VP pick|last=Jamieson|first=Amber|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=July 15, 2016|access-date=July 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=O'Donnell|first1=Kelly|title=Its Official: Trump Announces Mike Pence as VP Pick|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/2016-conventions/its-official-trump-announces-mike-pence-vp-pick-n610111|work=NBC News|date=July 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Bradner|first1=Eric|last2=Bash|first2=Dana|last3=Lee|first3=MJ|title=Donald Trump selects Mike Pence as VP|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/14/politics/donald-trump-vice-presidential-choice/|publisher=CNN|date=July 16, 2016}}</ref>
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| Immediately after the announcement, Pence said he was "very supportive of Donald Trump's call to temporarily suspend immigration from countries where terrorist influence and impact represents a threat to the United States".<ref name="SchleiferBeaversBan">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/15/politics/mike-pence-donald-trump-muslim-ban/index.html|title=Pence 'very supportive' of latest version of Trump Muslim ban|first1=Theodore|last1=Schleifer|first2=Olivia|last2=Beavers|publisher=CNN|date=July 16, 2016}}</ref> Pence said he was "absolutely" in sync with [[Trump's border wall|Trump's Mexican wall]] proposal, saying Mexico was "absolutely" going to pay for it.<ref>{{Cite web|first1=Alana|last1=Abramson|first2=Ines|last2=de la Cuetara|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/mike-pence-walks-back-prior-positions-stand-trump/story?id=40633445|title=Pence Walks Back Positions on Muslims, TPP to Stand With Trump|date=July 16, 2016|work=ABC News}}</ref>
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| According to a [[FiveThirtyEight]] rating of candidates' ideology, Pence was the most conservative vice-presidential candidate in the last 40 years.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Harry |last=Enten |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/mike-pence-would-be-a-really-conservative-and-mostly-unknown-vp-pick/ |title=Mike Pence Is A Really Conservative And Mostly Unknown VP Pick |work=FiveThirtyEight |date=July 15, 2016}}</ref>
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| Pence said his role model as vice president would be [[Dick Cheney]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Ines |last=de la Cuertara |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/mike-pence-role-model-vice-president-dick-cheney/story?id=42170897 |title=Mike Pence Says His Role Model for Vice President Is Dick Cheney |work=ABC News |date=September 18, 2016 }}</ref>
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| During Pence's preparations for the [[United States presidential debates, 2016|vice presidential debate]] in October 2016, Wisconsin governor [[Scott Walker (politician)|Scott Walker]] played the role of Democratic vice presidential nominee [[Tim Kaine]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Mike |last=Allen |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/tim-kaine-scott-walker-debate-prep-228317 |title=Exclusive: Here's who's playing Tim Kaine in GOP debate prep |newspaper=Politico |date=September 17, 2016 }}</ref> In Kaine's own debate prep, lawyer [[Robert Barnett (lawyer)|Robert Barnett]] was selected to play Pence.<ref>{{cite news |first=Annie |last=Karni |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/robert-barnett-mike-pence-tim-kaine-presidential-debates-228316 |title=Exclusive: Robert Barnett to play Mike Pence in Tim Kaine debate prep |newspaper=Politico |date=September 17, 2016 }}</ref> Following the debate, experts concluded Pence won against Kaine, with a [[CNN]] poll showing 48% of viewers thought Pence won and 42% believing Kaine won.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/05/politics/mike-pence-tim-kaine-vp-debate-poll/index.html|title=Pence edges Kaine in VP debate instant poll|first=Jennifer|last=Agiesta|website=CNN|date=October 5, 2016|access-date=July 4, 2020}}</ref> Pence's "cooler" temperament was seen as an advantage compared to Kaine, who was perceived as more hotheaded.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37558787|title=Pence v Kaine: Who won the vice-presidential debate?|first=Anthony|last=Zurcher|website=BBC|date=October 5, 2016|access-date=July 4, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/05/opinions/pence-kaine-debate-reaction-roundup/index.html|title=Who won the vice presidential debate?|website=CNN|date=October 5, 2016|access-date=July 4, 2020}}</ref>
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| On October 7, 2016, [[Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape|lewd comments made by Donald Trump in 2005]] surfaced and gained heavy media attention.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cassidy |first=John |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/a-sexual-predator-in-the-republican-partys-midst |title=A Sexual Predator in the Republican Party's Midst |newspaper=The New Yorker |date=October 8, 2016 }}</ref> That day, Pence said to reporters, "I do not condone his remarks and cannot defend them," but made clear that he was standing by Trump.<ref>{{cite news |last=Quinn |first=Dave |url=http://people.com/politics/mike-pence-donald-trumps-2005-lewd-comments/ |title=Mike Pence 'Offended' and Praying for Donald Trump's Family Amid Crisis Over His 2005 Lewd Comments |newspaper=People |department=Politics |date=October 8, 2016 }}</ref> In response to the revelation, [[Paul Ryan]], the then-[[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|speaker of the U. S. House of Representatives]], "uninvited" Trump from what would have been a joint campaign event. The Trump campaign attempted to substitute Pence for Trump at the event,<ref>{{cite news |last=Fahrenthold |first=David A. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-recorded-having-extremely-lewd-conversation-about-women-in-2005/2016/10/07/3b9ce776-8cb4-11e6-bf8a-3d26847eeed4_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_trumptape-404pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory |title=Trump recorded having extremely lewd conversation about women in 2005 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=October 8, 2016 }}</ref> but according to ''The New York Times'', Pence called Trump on October{{nbs}}8 and told him that he (Pence) would not appear at the event, and that Trump would need to handle the next 48 hours on his own, as Pence did not think he would be an effective surrogate for Trump.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/09/us/politics/donald-trump-campaign.html|title=Lewd Donald Trump Tape Is a Breaking Point for Many in the G.O.P.|date=October 9, 2016|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
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| According to [[Bob Woodward]]'s 2018 book ''[[Fear: Trump in the White House]]'', in the midst of the scandal, then-[[Republican National Committee]] chairman [[Reince Priebus]] told Trump he should drop out of the race for the good of the party, and that Pence had agreed to replace Trump on the top of the ticket as the Republican presidential nominee, with former [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Condoleezza Rice]] agreeing to be Pence's running mate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/top-takeaways-bob-woodwards-book-donald-trump/story?id=57611974 |title=Here are the top takeaways from Bob Woodward's new book on Donald Trump |work=ABC News |date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=October 14, 2018}}</ref>
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| On October 10, 2016, Pence appeared on CNN and said, in response to rumors that he was leaving the ticket, that it was "absolutely false to suggest that at any point in time we considered dropping off this ticket" and that it is the "greatest honor of my life" to be nominated as Trump's running mate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/10/politics/mike-pence-donald-trump/index.html|title=Pence: I never considered leaving Trump ticket|first=Tom |last=LoBianco|publisher=CNN}}</ref>
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| [[File:ElectoralCollege2016.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|The Trump–Pence ticket won the 2016 presidential election with 306 of the 538 available electoral votes, later reduced to 304
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| due to a [[Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election|faithless elector]].{{efn|An elector from [[Texas]] cast a vote replacing Pence with [[Carly Fiorina]] as the vice president.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.texastribune.org/2016/12/19/watch-texas-electoral-college-vote-begins-texas-ca/|title=Texas electors cast 36 votes for Trump, 1 for Kasich and 1 for Ron Paul|first1=Patrick|last1=Svitek|first2=Bobby|last2=Blanchard|first3=Aliyya|last3=Swaby|website=[[The Texas Tribune]]|date=December 19, 2016|access-date=July 5, 2020}}</ref>}}]]
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| On October 27, 2016, a chartered Boeing 737 carrying Pence skidded off a runway at [[LaGuardia Airport]] in New York City and was slowed by an [[engineered materials arrestor system]]; no injuries were reported.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/28/us/plane-with-mike-pence-aboard-skids-off-la-guardia-runway.html|title=Plane With Mike Pence Aboard Skids Off La Guardia Runway|last=Mele|first=Christopher|date=October 27, 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=October 28, 2016}}</ref>
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| ==Vice Presidency (2017–2021)==
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| {{multiple image
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| | image1 = VP Biden with Pence.jpg
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| | caption1 = Vice President-elect Pence meets with Vice President [[Joe Biden]] at the [[White House]] on November 10, 2016
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| | image2 = Mike Pence swearing in ceremony.jpg
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| | caption2 = Pence being sworn in as vice president by Supreme Court Justice [[Clarence Thomas]] on January 20, 2017
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| }}
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| On November 8, 2016, Pence [[Presidential transition of Donald Trump|was elected]] vice president of the United States as Trump's running mate.
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| Soon after the election, he was appointed chairman of President-elect Trump's transition team.<ref>{{cite news | last1=Shear | first1=Michael D. | last2=Haberman | first2=Maggie | last3=Schmidt | first3=Michael S. | title=Vice President-Elect Pence to Take Over Trump Transition Effort | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/12/us/politics/trump-cabinet.html | date=November 11, 2016 | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=December 4, 2016}}</ref> During the transition phase of the [[Presidency of Donald Trump|Trump administration]], Pence was reported as holding a large degree of influence in the administration due to his roles as a mediator between Trump and congressional Republicans, for reassuring conservatives about Trump's conservative credentials, and his influence in determining [[Donald Trump's cabinet]].<ref>{{cite web | last1=Johnson | first1=Eliana | last2=Restuccia | first2=Andrew | title=Pence's Power Play | url=http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/mike-pence-power-play-trump-transition-232151 | date=December 4, 2016 | work=[[Politico]] | access-date=December 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1=LoBianco | first1=Tom | last2=Bradner | first2=Eric | title=Mike Pence's Key Role in Building Team Trump | url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/30/politics/mike-pence-role-donald-trump-administration/index.html | date=December 1, 2016 | publisher=[[CNN]] | access-date=December 4, 2016}}</ref>
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| Pence is the sixth vice president from Indiana, following [[Schuyler Colfax]] (1869–1873), [[Thomas A. Hendricks]] (1885), [[Charles W. Fairbanks]] (1905–1909), [[Thomas R. Marshall]] (1913–1921), and [[Dan Quayle]] (1989–1993).
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| ===Inauguration===
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| On January 20, 2017, at noon, Pence became the 48th [[vice president of the United States]], sworn into the office by justice [[Clarence Thomas]], using [[Ronald Reagan]]'s [[Bible]], opened to {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|7:14|KJV}}, "If my people, which are called by my name, shall humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land," which is the same verse Reagan used for his swearing-ins as governor and president. Pence also used his personal Bible which he opens every morning.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Groppe|first1=Maureen|title=Mike Pence's swearing-in is full of symbolism|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/19/mike-pence-vice-president-swearing-in-symbolism/96782426/|access-date=January 21, 2017|work=[[USA Today]]|date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>
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| ===Vice presidency===
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| [[File:-UNGA (48784378391).jpg|thumb|Pence with President [[Donald Trump]]]]
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| On the first day in office (January 20), Pence performed various ceremonial duties, including swearing in [[Jim Mattis]] as [[United States Secretary of Defense|United States secretary of defense]] and [[John F. Kelly|John Kelly]] as [[United States Secretary of Homeland Security|secretary of homeland security]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/inauguration-2017/senate-confirms-gen-james-mattis-defense-secretary-n710061 |title=Trump's Defense and Homeland Security Picks Sworn-in |work=NBC News |first=Leigh Ann |last=Caldwell |date=January 20, 2017 |access-date=February 7, 2017}}</ref> He also administered the oath of office to the White House senior staff on January 22, 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/01/22/trump-pence-preside-over-east-room-ceremony-to-swear-in-senior-staff/ |title=Trump, Pence preside over East Room ceremony to swear in senior staff |work=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=David |last1=Nakamura |first2=John |last2=Wagner |date=January 22, 2017 |access-date=February 7, 2017}}</ref>
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| Pence also sat in on calls made by President Trump to foreign heads of government and state such as Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/president-trump-calls-russia-vladimir-putin-article-1.2958138 |title=President Trump calls Russia's Vladimir Putin for first time since taking office |work=New York Daily News |first=Meg |last=Wagner |date=January 28, 2017 |access-date=February 7, 2017}}</ref> and [[Prime Minister of Australia|Australian prime minister]] [[Malcolm Turnbull]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/politics/australia-mexico-transcripts/|title='This deal will make me look terrible': Full transcripts of Trump's calls with Mexico and Australia|website=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/no-gday-mate-on-call-with-australian-pm-trump-badgers-and-brags/2017/02/01/88a3bfb0-e8bf-11e6-80c2-30e57e57e05d_story.html|title='This was the worst call by far': Trump badgered, bragged and abruptly ended phone call with Australian leader|website=Washington Post}}</ref>
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| In January, Pence appointed [[Josh Pitcock]] as his chief of staff, whom he had known from his [[gubernatorial]] and [[United States Congress|congressional]] days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/behind-closed-doors/2017/01/25/pence-tapping-former-aides-and-some-lobbyists-vp-office-staff/97058968/|title=Pence tapping former aides, and some lobbyists, for VP office staff|work=[[Indianapolis Star]]|first=Maureen|last=Groppe|date=January 25, 2017|access-date=February 7, 2017}}</ref> The following month, Jarrod Agen was tapped as deputy assistant to the president and director of communications to the vice president; his previous job being chief of staff for [[governor of Michigan]] [[Rick Snyder]] through the time of the [[Flint water crisis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/01/vice-president-mike-pence-announces-jarrod-agen-director-communications|title=Vice President Mike Pence Announces Jarrod Agen as Director of Communications|date=February 1, 2017|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|access-date=February 7, 2017}}</ref> In July, Pitcock stepped down as chief of staff, and was succeeded in the position by [[Nick Ayers]], another longtime Pence advisor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/06/29/mike-pence-staff-shakeup-nick-ayers-vice-presidents-chief-staff/439727001/|title=Mike Pence's first major staff shakeup: Josh Pitcock out, Nick Ayers in as chief of staff|work=USA Today|first=Maureen|last=Groppe|date=June 29, 2017|access-date=May 25, 2018}}</ref>
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| On February 5, 2017, Pence warned [[Iran]] "not to test the resolve" of the new Trump administration following their [[Iranian missile tests|ballistic missile tests]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/us-iran-pence-warning-not-to-test-resolve/28280320.html|title=White House Warns Iran To 'Think Twice' Before Testing U.S. Resolve|publisher=www.rferl.org|date=February 5, 2017|access-date=June 14, 2020}}</ref>
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| On February 7, 2017, Pence, in his dual constitutional role as president of the [[United States Senate]] made the first ever tie-breaking vote to confirm a Cabinet member.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/02/07/devos-confirmed-as-education-secretary-pence-casts-historic-tie-breaking-vote.html |title=DeVos confirmed as education secretary, Pence casts historic tie-breaking vote |agency=Associated Press |date=February 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=February 7, 2012 |first=Aaron |last=Bycoffe |work=FiveThirtyEight |title=Pence Has Already Done Something Biden Never Did: Break A Senate Tie |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/pence-has-already-done-something-biden-never-did-break-a-senate-tie/ |quote=Vice presidents have broken ties on presidential nominees before, but Tuesday was the first time it's happened for a Cabinet nominee ... according to the [[Senate Historical Office]]}}</ref> He cast the deciding vote to break a fifty-fifty tie to confirm [[Betsy DeVos]] as the [[United States Secretary of Education|secretary of education]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2017/02/betsy-devos-democrats-confirmation-234691 |title=Senate confirms DeVos as secretary of education |work=Politico |first1=Michael |last1=Stratford |first2=Kimberly |last2=Hefling |first3=Caitlin |last3=Emma |first4=Benjamin |last4=Wermund |date=February 7, 2017}}</ref> Pence cast his second tie-breaking vote on March 30, voting to advance a bill to defund [[Planned Parenthood]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2017/03/mike-pence-johnny-isakson-planned-parenthood-vote-senate-236702 |title=Pence breaks tie in Senate vote on Planned Parenthood funding |work=Politico |first1=Seung Min |last1=Kim |first2=Brianna |last2=Ehley |date=March 30, 2017}}</ref> In 2018, Pence broke a tie to confirm [[Jonathan A. Kobes]] for the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit]]. This was the first ever tie-breaking vote to confirm a judicial nominee in U.S. history. In total, Pence had cast 13 [[List of tie-breaking votes cast by vice presidents of the United States|tie-breaking votes]], seventh-most in history and more than his previous four predecessors (Joe Biden, Dick Cheney, Al Gore and Dan Quayle) cast combined (Cheney broke eight ties, Gore broke four ties, and Quayle and Biden did not cast a tie-breaking vote).
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| In April, Pence made a tour of the Asia-Pacific region. In South Korea, he met acting president [[Hwang Kyo-ahn]] and condemned [[North Korea]]'s [[2017 North Korean missile tests|latest missile launch]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/mike-pence-arrives-south-korea-attends-wreath-laying/story?id=46825962 |title=Mike Pence arrives in South Korea, attends wreath-laying ceremony and Easter Sunday services |work=ABC News |first=David |last=Caplan |date=April 16, 2017 |access-date=April 17, 2017 }}</ref><ref name=Thomasover>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/pence-lands-south-korea-failed-launch-north-46825425 |title=Pence warns NKorea 'era of strategic patience is over' |work=ABC News |agency=Associated Press |date=April 16, 2017 |access-date=April 17, 2017 |first=Ken |last=Thomas }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-pence-north-korea-military-20170416-story.html |title=Trump's message to North Korea: 'Gotta behave' |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=April 17, 2017 |access-date=April 18, 2017 |first1=Ken |last1=Thomas |first2=Jill |last2=Colvin |agency=Associated Press }}</ref> In Japan, Pence met Prime Minister [[Shinzō Abe]] and pledged to work with Japan, South Korea, and China "to achieve a peaceable resolution and the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula," adding "The era of strategic patience is over and while all options are on the table."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rampton|first1=Roberta|title=Pence reassures Japan of U.S. resolve on North Korea, to work with China|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-usa-idUSKBN17K07A|access-date=April 22, 2017|work=Reuters|date=April 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cahill|first1=Petra|title=VP Mike Pence Warns North Korea: 'We Will Defeat Any Attack'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/vp-mike-pence-warns-north-korea-we-will-defeat-any-n748161|access-date=April 22, 2017|work=NBC News|date=April 19, 2017|language=en}}</ref> Pence subsequently traveled to [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]], where he met with president [[Joko Widodo]], toured the largest mosque in the region (the [[Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta|Istiqlal Mosque]]), and praised moderate Islam.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rampton|first1=Roberta|title=Pence tours Southeast Asia's biggest mosque, talks trade in Indonesia|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pence-asia-indonesia-idUSKBN17M0D1|access-date=April 22, 2017|work=Reuters|date=April 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Liptak|first1=Kevin|title=Pence praises moderate Islam in Indonesia|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/20/politics/mike-pence-indonesia-islam/|access-date=April 22, 2017|publisher=CNN|date=April 20, 2017}}</ref> Pence ended his trip with stops in [[Sydney]], [[Australia]] (where, after meeting with Malcolm Turnbull, he said the U.S. "intends to honor" a U.S.–Australia refugee resettlement agreement),<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/22/politics/us-australia-pence-refugee-deal/ |title=Pence says US will honor refugee deal with Australia |date=April 22, 2017 |access-date=April 24, 2017 |first=Laura |last=Smith-Spark |work=CNN|department=Politics }}</ref> and [[Oahu]], [[Hawaii]] and [[American Samoa]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/mike-pence-cuts-short-his-stop-in-hawaii-to-deal-with-domestic-issues/ |title=Mike Pence cuts short his stop in Hawaii to deal with domestic issues |date=April 24, 2017 |access-date=April 24, 2017 |work=CBS News }}</ref>
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| On May 21, 2017, Pence delivered the commencement address at the [[University of Notre Dame]]. Traditionally, the president delivers the address at Notre Dame in his inaugural year, but in 2017 Pence was invited instead when Trump decided to speak at [[Liberty University]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stack|first1=Liam|title=Notre Dame Students Walk Out of Mike Pence Commencement Address|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/21/us/mike-pence-notre-dame-commencement-address.html?mcubz=3|website=The New York Times|date=May 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Rosa Flores|author2=Eric Levenson |author3=Susannah Cullinane|title=Some Notre Dame graduates walk out at Pence speech|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/22/politics/mike-pence-notre-dame-speech/index.html|website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/09/15/pence-spokesman-leave-post/670980001 |title=Pence spokesman to leave post |first1=Kaitlin |last1=Lange |first2=Tony |last2=Cook |date=September 15, 2017 |website=[[USA Today]] |access-date=October 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/05/13/trump-at-liberty-university-commencement-in-america-we-dont-worship-government-we-worship-god/|title=Trump at Liberty University commencement: 'In America, we don't worship government; we worship God'|last=Borchers|first=Callum|date=May 13, 2017|work=The Washington Post}}</ref>
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| [[File:Mike Pence NFL Protests 2017.jpg|thumb|right|Vice President Mike Pence, Second Lady [[Karen Pence]], and Major General Courtney P. Carr stand for the National Anthem.]]<!--The general correctly (indoors) neither salutes nor covers his heart.-->
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| On October 8, 2017, Pence walked out of a game between the [[NFL]]'s [[Indianapolis Colts]] and [[San Francisco 49ers]] at Trump's request after members of the 49ers [[U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present)|knelt during the national anthem]]. Shortly afterwards, Pence commented via [[Twitter]], "President Trump and I will not dignify any event that disrespects our soldiers, our Flag, or our National Anthem," adding, "While everyone is entitled to their own opinion, I don't think it's too much to ask NFL players to respect the flag and our national anthem."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://time.com/4973848/mike-pence-national-anthem-nfl-protest/ |title=Vice President Mike Pence Leaves Football Game After Players Kneel During National Anthem |last=Abramson |first=Alana |website=Time |date=October 8, 2017 |access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref> Pence was widely criticized by various people for what was considered a publicity stunt. Democratic representative [[Adam Schiff]] (CA-28) questioned how much taxpayer's money was used to fund Pence's actions,<ref name="politico17">{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/10/08/pence-nfl-game-anthem-protest-243583|title=Pence leaves NFL game after players kneel during anthem|work=Politico|first=Brent D.|last=Griffiths|date=October 8, 2017|access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref> and CNN later estimated that the total cost of his eight hours of travel on [[Air Force Two]] to attend the game was about $242,500, not including ground transportation and security.<ref name="CNN-Indianapolis-flight-cost">{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/08/politics/pence-indianapolis-flights-cost/index.html|title=The price tag for Pence's trip to Indianapolis |work=[[CNN]] |first=Rene |last=Marsh |date=October 8, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506120148/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/10/08/politics/pence-indianapolis-flights-cost/index.html |archive-date=May 6, 2020}}</ref> 49ers safety [[Eric Reid (American football)|Eric Reid]] (the second NFL player after [[Colin Kaepernick]] to participate in the protests) told reporters it was predictable that Pence would walk out, knowing that most of the team were protesting.<ref name="politico17"/> Reid also expressed doubt over the regularity Pence is in terms of attending Colts matches, and referenced a photograph of the vice president and his wife in Colts uniform that had been tweeted before the match,<ref name="politico17"/> although the official photograph (right) proved otherwise. The photograph in question was first published in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/sports/nfl/colts/2017/10/08/vice-president-mike-pence-colts-national-anthem-protest/744447001/|title=Mike Pence tweets same picture from Colts game that he tweeted in 2014|work=CNN|first=Matthew|last=VanTryon|date=October 8, 2017|access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref> Sportswriter [[Peter King (sportswriter)|Peter King]] wrote that the furor surrounding Pence had overshadowed [[Peyton Manning]], who was being honored by the Colts, saying, "Pence trumped a day that belonged to the greatest football hero the state of Indiana has ever seen, and he did it for political purposes{{nbs}}... he stole Manning's last great day as a Colt. [He] will have to live with himself for that."<ref name="politico17"/> The following year, Pence reacted positively on Twitter, after NFL owners unanimously decided to approve a new policy requiring all players to stand (or, given the option to stay in the locker room) during the national anthem, despite not consulting the [[National Football League Players Association|NFL Players Association]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/389031-pence-celebrates-nfl-requiring-players-to-stand-for-anthem-winning|title=Pence celebrates NFL requiring players to stand for anthem: 'Winning'|work=The Hill|first=Josh|last=Delk|date=May 23, 2018|access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref>
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| [[File:Vice President Mike Pence Watches Short Track Speedskating with President Moon DSC 7859.jpg|thumb|Pence with South Korean president [[Moon Jae-in]] at the 2018 Winter Olympics]]
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| On February 1, 2018, it was announced that Pence would lead the presidential delegation to the [[2018 Winter Olympics]], alongside his wife.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/01/vice-president-mike-pence-announces-jarrod-agen-director-communications|title=Presidential Delegation to Attend Winter Olympics|date=February 1, 2018|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref> Much of Pence's time at [[Pyeongchang County|PyeongChang]] was affected by the ongoing [[2017–18 North Korea crisis|North Korean crisis]]. Prior to the [[2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony|opening ceremony]], on February 9, Pence skipped on a dinner held by South Korean president [[Moon Jae-in]], as he would have shared a table with North Korea's ceremonial head of state [[Kim Yong-nam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-43003564|title=Winter Olympics 2018: Pence skips dinner with N Koreans|publisher=BBC|date=February 9, 2018|access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref> Instead, he met with four North Korean defectors in [[Pyeongtaek]], alongside his special guest, Fred Warmbier (the father of [[Otto Warmbier]], who was arrested in North Korea for attempted theft, and sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment, before returning to the U.S. in a comatose state).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-42950087|title=Otto Warmbier's father to attend Olympics in South Korea|publisher=BBC|date=February 5, 2018|access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2018/02/09/mike-pence-accompanied-otto-warmbiers-father-meets-north-korean-defectors/322624002/|title=Mike Pence, accompanied by Otto Warmbier's father, meets with North Korean defectors|work=Cincinnati.com|date=February 9, 2018|access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/04/politics/otto-warmbier-father-pyeongchang-olympics/index.html|title=Father of Otto Warmbier will attend Olympic Opening Ceremony with Pence|work=CNN|first=Aileen|last=Graef|date=February 5, 2018|access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref> At the ceremony, the Pences were seated in front of the North Korean delegates, and when North and South Korean athletes entered during the Parade of Athletes, they chose to stay seated, which prompted critics to accuse Pence of hypocrisy in regards to the NFL protests.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Banks|first1=Paul M.|title=Winter Olympics Verify Mike Pence Hypocrisy on NFL National Anthem Protests|url=http://www.chicagonow.com/patriotic-dissenter/2018/02/winter-olympics-verify-mike-pence-hypocrisy-on-nfl-national-anthem-protests/|access-date=February 13, 2018|work=[[ChicagoNow]]|date=February 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Meeks|first1=David|title=By not standing for Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics, VP Mike Pence embarrassed America|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/winter-olympics-2018/2018/02/12/vice-president-mike-pence-north-korea-embarrassed-america/328254002/|access-date=February 13, 2018|work=[[USA Today]]|date=February 12, 2018}}</ref> Pence was supposed to meet with the North Koreans on February 10, but they pulled out at the last day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-43137023|title=N Korea cancelled Pence Olympic meeting in S Korea, says US|publisher=BBC|date=February 21, 2018|access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref>
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| [[File:President Trump Watches as U.S. Special Operations Forces Close in on ISIS Leader (48967991042).jpg|thumb|left|Pence (second from left) during the U.S. military [[Barisha raid|raid]] on [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIL]] leader [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]] on October 26, 2019]]
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| Over the next few months, the North Koreans started communicating more with their neighbors, as Supreme Leader [[Kim Jong-un]] secretly met with Chinese paramount leader [[Xi Jinping]] in March and then Moon Jae-in in an historic [[April 2018 inter-Korean summit|inter-Korean summit in April]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Stop Calling China's Xi Jinping 'President,' U.S. Panel Says|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/stop-calling-chinas-xi-jinping-president-u-s-panel-says-11573740000|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=November 14, 2019|author=Kate O'Keeffe and Katy Stech Ferek|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Momentum grows for dropping 'President' from title of China's leader; Remove 'veneer' of legitimacy|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/nov/28/xi-jinping-dubbed-china-general-secretary-shows-tr/|publisher=[[The Washington Times]]|date=November 28, 2019|first=Ben|last=Wolfgang|language=en}}</ref> and around the same time, a [[2018 North Korea–United States summit|meeting between Trump and Kim]] was also proposed. On May 10, Pence accompanied Trump to [[Andrews Air Force Base]] as three American citizens were released by North Korea, and in an early morning interview with [[ABC News|ABC]]'s [[Jonathan Karl]], he said seeing the men back on American soil "was really one of the greatest joys of my life".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/may/10/trump-welcomes-home-three-americans-released-by-north-korea-pyongyang|title=Trump welcomes home three Americans released by North Korea|work=The Guardian|first=Benjamin|last=Haas|date=May 10, 2018|access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/News/released-prisoners-greatest-joys-life-pence/story?id=55063444|title=Seeing released prisoners from North Korea 'one of the greatest joys of my life,' Pence says|work=ABC News|first1=Alisa|last1=Wiersema|first2=Jonathan|last2=Karl|first3=Justin|last3=Doom|date=May 10, 2018|access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref> Talks broke down later that month following comments made by Pence and Trump, comparing the situation to events in Libya [[Death of Muammar Gaddafi|seven years previous]], despite their voluntary disarmament of nuclear weapons in 2003.<ref name="guardian18">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/may/24/trump-cancels-north-korea-nuclear-summit|title=Donald Trump cancels North Korea nuclear summit|work=The Guardian|first1=Julian|last1=Borger|first2=Benjamin|last2=Haas|date=May 24, 2018|access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref> North Korean vice foreign minister [[Choe Son-hui]] called Pence's remarks "ignorant and stupid".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Noack|first1=Rick|title=How Kim-Trump tensions escalated: The more the U.S. said 'Libya', the angrier North Korea got|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/world/wp/2018/05/24/the-more-pence-and-trump-say-libya-the-angrier-north-korea-gets|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=May 25, 2018}}</ref> On May 24, Trump abruptly called off the summit with Pence in attendance,<ref name="guardian18"/> only for him to change his mind a day later,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/25/donald-trump-north-korea-summit-reversal|title=Donald Trump says North Korea summit could be back on|work=The Guardian|first1=Sabrina|last1=Siddiqui|first2=Benjamin|last2=Haas|first3=Justin|last3=McCurry|date=May 25, 2018|access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref> later announcing that it would still be scheduled to [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|take place on June 12 in Singapore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/27/north-korea-us-summit-on-track-says-moon-candid-talks-friend-kim-jong-un|title=Trump confirms US negotiators in North Korea for summit talks|work=The Guardian|first1=Benjamin|last1=Haas|first2=Tom|last2=McCarthy|first3=martin|last3=Pengelly|date=May 27, 2018|access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref>
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| [[File:National Veterans Day Observance 2019 (49051656176).jpg|right| thumb | Former [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] and fellow [[Hoosier State|Hoosier]] [[Dan Quayle]] and [[Marilyn Quayle]] with Pence in 2019.]]
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| In September 2019, Pence attended official meetings with [[Taoiseach|Irish prime minister]] [[Leo Varadkar]] in [[Dublin|Dublin, Ireland]] but stayed at President Trump's resort in Doonbeg, {{convert|180|miles|km}} away. Pence's schedule included four hours spent in transit in one day, and two flights on [[Air Force Two]] before the end of the next day. Costs for the limousine service alone totaled $599,000 according to State Department receipts, compared to President Obama's three-day trip to Dublin with the same limousine company totaling $114,000.<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Allan |date=September 11, 2019 |title=Pence's Doonbeg detour cost nearly $600K in ground transportation fees |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/pence-s-doonbeg-detour-cost-nearly-600k-ground-transportation-fees-n1052401 |url-status=live |work=[[NBC News]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214180903/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/pence-s-doonbeg-detour-cost-nearly-600k-ground-transportation-fees-n1052401 |archive-date=February 14, 2020 |access-date=July 23, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Honl-Stuenkel |first=Linnaea |date=September 10, 2019 |title=Mike Pence's Doonbeg Detour to Cost Nearly $600k—CREW |url=https://www.citizensforethics.org/mike-pence-doonbeg-cost-nearly-600k/ |url-status=live |work=[[Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615165031/https://www.citizensforethics.org/mike-pence-doonbeg-cost-nearly-600k/ |archive-date=June 15, 2020 |access-date=July 23, 2020 }}</ref>
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| ====Political action committee====
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| In May 2017, Pence filed FEC paperwork to form ''[[Great America Committee]]'', a [[political action committee]] (PAC) that would be headed by his former campaign staffers [[Nick Ayers]] and Marty Obst.<ref name=mikepac1>{{cite web |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/pence-creates-pac-ahead-2018-2020-elections-n761436 |title=Pence Creates PAC Ahead of 2018, 2020 Elections |last=Hillyard |first=Vaughn |date=May 18, 2017 |work=NBC News |access-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/C00640664/1162693/ |title=FILING FEC-1162693 |author=<!--not stated--> |date=May 17, 2017 |website=docquery.fec.gov |publisher=Federal Election Commission |access-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref> Pence is the only vice president to have started his own PAC while still in office.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Zorthian |first=Julia |url=http://time.com/4784340/mike-pence-creates-pac/ |title=Vice President Mike Pence Just Created His Own PAC |magazine=Time |date=May 18, 2017 |access-date=August 8, 2017 }}</ref> Pence denied a ''New York Times'' article's allegations that he would run for president in 2020, calling them "laughable and absurd", and said the article was "disgraceful and offensive".<ref>{{cite news |last=Shugerman |first=Emily |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/mike-pence-vice-president-run-in-2022-disgraceful-and-offensive-a7879686.html |title=Vice President Mike Pence calls claims he will run in 2020 'disgraceful and offensive' |newspaper=Independent |date=August 6, 2017 |access-date=August 8, 2017 }}</ref>
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| ====Pence and the Trump impeachment inquiry====
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| {{Trump–Ukraine scandal}}
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| Pence was a key player in the [[Trump-Ukraine scandal]] and the [[Trump impeachment inquiry]]. Pence had at least two phone conversations and an in-person meeting with [[Volodymyr Zelensky]], [[President of Ukraine]]. Pence met with Zelensky in Poland on September 1, 2019, during an unexpected delay in U.S. military aid to Ukraine. Pence later told the press that he did not mention [[Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign|2020 presidential candidate]] and former vice president [[Joe Biden]] to Zelensky, but raised issues regarding Ukrainian corruption.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |title=Trump and Ukraine: A Guide to the Key Players |date=October 8, 2019 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-and-ukraine-a-guide-to-the-key-players-11570549980?mod=searchresults&page=1&pos=12 |access-date=November 18, 2019 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
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| After the inquiry was opened, Pence publicly stated his support of Trump's call for foreign investigation into Joe Biden and his son [[Hunter Biden|Hunter]], saying, "I think the American people have a right to know if the vice president of the United States or his family profited from his position."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lejeune|first=Tristan|date=October 3, 2019|title=Pence defends Trump's calls for Ukraine to investigate Biden|work=The Hill|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/464246-pence-defends-trumps-calls-for-ukraine-to-investigate-biden|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref> On October 3, Pence stated, "My predecessor had a son who was paid $50,000 a month to be on a Ukrainian board at the time that Vice President Biden was leading the Obama administration's efforts in Ukraine, I think [that] is worth looking into."<ref>{{cite news |title=Pence says Biden, son should be investigated for Ukraine dealings |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-whistleblower-pence/pence-says-biden-son-should-be-investigated-for-ukraine-dealings-idUSKBN1WI232 |work=Reuters |date=October 3, 2019}}</ref>
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| ====Death of Soleimani====
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| Pence defended Trump's decision in January 2020 to [[Assassination of Qasem Soleimani|assassinate the Iranian major general]] in the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] (IRGC) [[Qasem Soleimani]], promoting conspiracy theories that supposedly linked the [[al-Queda]] attacks on the United States to Iran. In a series of [[Twitter#Tweets|tweets]], the vice president termed Soleimani "an evil man who was responsible for killing thousands of Americans". Pence insisted Soleimani had "assisted in the clandestine travel to Afghanistan of 10 of the 12 terrorists who carried out the [[September 11 terrorist attacks]]", which critics said was his confusing the number of 9/11 hijackers (actually 19) and insinuating (without evidence) that the general was involved. Many experts responded that Pence's claims were unsubstantiated.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jan/03/mike-pence-iran-911-suleimani |title=Mike Pence pushes 9/11 conspiracy theories to justify Suleimani killing |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |first=Maanvi |last=Singh |date=January 3, 2020 |access-date=January 4, 2020 }}</ref> Pence's spokeswoman [[Katie Waldman]] said that the dozen terrorists Pence referred to were those who had traveled through Afghanistan, ten of whom "were assisted by Soleimani".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/pences-linkage-of-soleimani-to-9-11-hijackers-is-challenged/ |title= Pence's linkage of Soleimani to 9/11 hijackers is challenged |agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] |date=January 4, 2020 |website=Times of Israel |access-date=January 4, 2020 }}</ref>
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| ====COVID-19 pandemic====
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| {{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in the United States}}
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| [[File:Coronavirus Task Force Press Briefing (49614882048).jpg|thumb|Pence and members of the [[White House Coronavirus Task Force]] brief the media in March 2020.]]
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| On February 26, 2020, President Trump named Pence as the leader of the [[White House Coronavirus Task Force]] to combat the spread of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|coronavirus]].<ref>{{cite web|author1=Cancryn, Adam |author2=Forgey, Quint |author3=Diamond, Dan|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/02/27/white-house-coronavirus-response-debbie-birx-117893 |title=After fumbled messaging, Trump gets a coronavirus czar by another name|work=[[Politico]]|access-date=March 1, 2020}}</ref> Various public health officials and members of Congress had suggested the selection of a "Coronavirus Czar", though Trump has said Pence will not hold such a title because he is a member of the administration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/02/26/809726490/trump-white-house-resists-calls-to-appoint-a-coronavirus-czar |title=Trump White House Resists Calls To Appoint A Coronavirus Czar|website=NPR.org |language=en|access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref> As the leader of the task force, Pence will coordinate efforts with the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Department of Health and Human Services]], [[National Institutes of Health]], [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]], and [[White House Office]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/02/26/trump-puts-pence-in-charge-of-coronavirus-response-117790 |title=Trump puts Pence in charge of coronavirus response|last=Choi|first=Matthew |website=POLITICO|language=en|access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Holpuch|first=Amanda |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/26/coronavirus-donald-trump-us-response |title=Donald Trump puts Mike Pence in charge of US coronavirus response|date=February 27, 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=February 27, 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
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| After it was announced a staff member of his tested positive for the coronavirus on March 20, 2020, Pence confirmed he and his wife would be undergoing tests in a statement to the press, though he stressed he had no direct contact with the staff member in question.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/20/politics/staffer-vice-president-office-coronavirus/index.html |title=Staff member in Vice President Mike Pence's office tests positive for coronavirus|first1=Nikki|last1=Carvajal |first2=Caroline|last2=Kelly |website=CNN|date=March 20, 2020|access-date=March 25, 2020}}</ref> By the next day the results of the tests came back negative, with Pence also announcing that more than 195,000 Americans had been tested at that point, with only 19,343 returning positive.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/21/politics/white-house-coronavirus/index.html |title=Vice President Mike Pence, second lady Karen Pence test negative for coronavirus, White House says|first1=Veronica|last1=Stracqualursi |first2=Jason|last2=Hoffman |website=CNN|date=March 21, 2020|access-date=March 25, 2020}}</ref> Another White House employee, a U.S. military member who served as Trump's valet, tested positive for the coronavirus in early May. After becoming aware of this, Pence and Trump were almost immediately tested once again, both proving negative.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/05/07/coronavirus-white-house-worker-tests-positive-coronavirus/3087897001/ |title=White House employee tests positive for coronavirus, Trump and Pence test negative|first=David|last=Jackson |website=USA Today|date=May 7, 2020|access-date=May 7, 2020}}</ref>
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| In April 2020, Pence exempted himself from the [[Mayo Clinic]]'s policy of wearing a [[Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|face mask]] in the hospital during a visit. Pence defended his action, saying he needed to look staff "in the eye".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leaving Off Mask At Mayo Clinic, Pence Said He Wanted To Look Workers 'In The Eye'|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/28/847570879/pence-responds-to-critics-after-not-wearing-face-mask-at-mayo-clinic |website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=May 16, 2020|first=Alana|last=Wise|date=April 28, 2020}}</ref> The next day, the vice president's opponents criticized him for promoting "completely irresponsible public health messaging".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pence forgoes a face mask at Mayo Clinic, appearing to violate policy|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mike-pence-face-mask-mayo-clinic-visit/ |access-date=June 8, 2020|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Later, Pence acknowledged he should have worn a mask during the hospital visit, and did so two days later when visiting a [[ventilator]] production facility.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/05/03/coronavirus-mike-pence-mask-mayo-clinic/3075946001/ |title=Vice President Mike Pence on Mayo Clinic visit: 'I should have worn a mask' |newspaper=USA Today |date=May 3, 2020 |first=Michael |last=Collins |access-date=May 16, 2020 }}</ref>
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| In late June 2020, as coronavirus cases were spiking, Pence gave an optimistic press briefing where he made several misleading and false claims about the state of the coronavirus pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dale|first=Analysis by Daniel |title=Fact check: As pandemic situation worsens, Pence paints a deceptively rosy picture|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/26/politics/fact-check-pence-briefing-coronavirus-june/index.html |access-date=July 14, 2020|website=CNN}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Qiu|first=Linda|date=June 26, 2020|title=As Cases Surge, Pence Misleads on Coronavirus Pandemic|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/26/us/politics/coronavirus-pence-fact-check.html |access-date=July 14, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He misleadingly argued that surges in cases were the result of increased testing, telling reporters that increases in new cases were "a reflection of a great success in expanding testing across the country".<ref name=":1" /> However, health experts noted that case growth outpaced the number of tests, and that the share of positive tests was increasing.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Oprysko|first=Caitlin |title=Texas, Florida governors order bars closed, impose new restrictions as cases surge|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/06/26/austin-texas-mayor-steve-adler-coronavirus-341016 |access-date=July 14, 2020|website=POLITICO|language=en}}</ref> Pence also falsely claimed that coronavirus fatalities were declining all across the country, that the curve had been flattened, and that all 50 states were opening up.<ref name=":1" /> In private meetings with Republican Senators, Pence urged them to focus on "encouraging signs". Pence told the senators that cases were increasing in only 3% of counties and 12 states; however, data at the time showed that cases were increasing in at least 5% of counties and in at least 20 states.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020|title=Pence tries to assure GOP senators as coronavirus cases spike|work=The Washington Post|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2020/06/24/pence-coronavirus-spike-senate/}}</ref> On December 18, the Pences received the [[Tozinameran|Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine]] for SARS-CoV-2, in front of a live audience at a televised event to show Americans that the vaccine is safe and effective.<ref>{{Cite web|first1=Maegan|last1=Vazquez|first2=Betsy|last2=Klein|title=Pence receives coronavirus vaccine Friday morning|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/18/politics/mike-pence-coronavirus-vaccination/index.html |access-date=December 18, 2020|website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='I Didn't Feel A Thing:' Pence Gets Coronavirus Vaccine In Public Event |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/12/18/947744956/i-didnt-feel-a-thing-pence-gets-coronavirus-vaccine-in-public-event |website=[[NPR.org]] |access-date=December 18, 2020 |language=en |date=December 18, 2020 |quote=Vice President Pence, Karen Pence, and Surgeon General Jerome Adams received a coronavirus vaccine on Friday at the White House in a televised event aimed at showing the vaccine is safe and effective.}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |date=December 18, 2020 |title=Pence receives Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus vaccine |medium=Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCiU2KAuNgQ |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] on YouTube }}</ref>
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| ===2020 vice presidential election===
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| {{See also|Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign|2020 United States presidential election}}
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| Ahead of his [[Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign|presidential campaign]] on February 28, 2019, [[Joe Biden]] referred to Pence as a "decent guy" in a speech in [[Omaha, Nebraska]], when making an anecdote about an audience falling silent after Pence mentioned Trump's name. Biden later faced criticism for his complimentary remarks due to Pence's alleged anti-LGBT positions, which Biden would later apologize for and clarify by saying, "I was making a point in a foreign policy context, that under normal circumstances a Vice President wouldn't be given a silent reaction on the world stage." Biden had previously referred to Pence as a "decent guy" in 2018, and Pence and Biden would exchange conversations via phone during Pence's initial transition into the vice presidency.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/28/politics/joe-biden-mike-pence-decent-guy-criticize-respond/index.html |title=Joe Biden responds to criticism after calling Pence a 'decent guy'|first=Arlette|last=Saenz |website=CNN|date=March 1, 2019|access-date=July 4, 2020}}</ref>
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| In June 2019, the Democratic former New York City Council president [[Andrew Stein]] opined that Trump could improve his re-election chances by replacing Pence as his running mate with former [[Governor of South Carolina|South Carolina governor]] and former [[United States Ambassador to the United Nations|United States ambassador to the United Nations]] [[Nikki Haley]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-haley-in-2020-11561316951 |title=Trump-Haley in 2020 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |first=Andrew |last=Stein |date=June 23, 2019 |access-date=July 12, 2019 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Despite that, Trump has said Pence will be his running mate. He declined to endorse Pence should his running mate seek in 2024 to succeed him, but said he would give it "very strong consideration".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/06/26/trump-says-mike-pence-will-be-running-mate/1570218001/ |title=Trump says Mike Pence is his 2020 running mate '100%,' dismisses idea of running with Nikki Haley |first=William |last=Cummings |work=USA Today |date=June 26, 2019 |access-date=July 12, 2019}}</ref>
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| In remarks about law enforcement during the [[2020 Republican National Convention|2020 Republican convention]], Pence said a federal security officer, Dave Underwood, "was shot and killed during the riots in Oakland", implying he was killed by someone involved in nearby [[George Floyd protests]], when instead a man linked to the far-right [[Boogaloo movement]] had been charged with Underwood's murder.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc7news.com/6391139/ |title=RNC 2020: Mike Pence's comments on killing of Oakland federal officer David Patrick Underwood are misleading|first1=Liz|last1=Kreutz |first2=Melanie|last2=Woodrow |date=August 27, 2020|website=ABC7 San Francisco}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fox6now.com/news/pence-blurs-details-about-killing-of-oakland-federal-officer-by-alleged-right-wing-extremist |title=Pence blurs details about killing of Oakland federal officer by alleged right-wing extremist|date=August 27, 2020|website=KTVU FOX 2}}</ref>
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| On October 7, 2020, Pence participated in a debate with [[Kamala Harris]] that was held by ''[[USA Today]]'' in Salt Lake City, Utah, and moderated by [[Susan Page]], the Washington bureau chief of the newspaper. The debate was held with adaptations designed to avoid contagion of the [[COVID-19 virus]] given that the vice president had been in close contact with people who had been infected at a recent event [[White House COVID-19 outbreak|at the White House]]. Plexiglas partitions separated the candidates and masks were required for all attending except the candidates and moderator.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Moniuszko|first=Sara M.|date=October 8, 2020|title=Following backlash, Karen Pence's team says 'both sides agreed' spouses would remove masks|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2020/10/08/vp-debate-karen-pence-didnt-wear-face-mask-despite-rules/5920817002/ |access-date=October 11, 2020|website=USA Today|language=en-US}}</ref>{{efn|At the end of the debate, Second Lady [[Karen Pence]] was seen onstage without a mask, which her spokesperson said was on the basis of an agreement with Harris's husband, [[Douglas Emhoff]], who ended up wearing his mask onstage.<ref name=":2" />}} By some estimates, Pence interrupted Harris twice as much as she interrupted him.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|last1=Cheung|first1=Helier |title=VP debate: Did gender play a role in the interruptions?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-54467093 |access-date=October 11, 2020|website=CNN}}</ref> Media outlets noted that near the end of the debate, a fly landed on Pence's head for almost two minutes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stieb|first=Matt |date=October 7, 2020|title=Mike Pence Had a Fly on His Head for Almost Two Minutes During the VP Debate|url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/10/fly-on-mike-pence-for-2-minutes-in-vice-presidential-debate.html |access-date=October 11, 2020|website=Intelligencer|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Kane|first=Caitlin |date=October 8, 2020|title=A fly landed on Mike Pence's head during the debate and rested there for nearly two minutes|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fly-landed-pence-head-vp-debate/ |access-date=October 11, 2020|website=CBS News|language=en-US}}</ref> A CNN poll found that 59% of registered voters felt that Harris had won the debate, while 38% felt that Pence had.<ref name=":3" />
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| On November 7, 2020, after several days of vote counting, Biden and Harris were declared by most major news networks to be the winners of the election.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biden defeats Trump to win White House, NBC News projects|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/biden-defeats-trump-win-white-house-nbc-news-projects-n1246912 |access-date=November 8, 2020|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref> On December 14 the Electoral College confirmed the win, giving the Biden-Harris campaign 306 votes compared to 232 for the Trump–Pence campaign,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2020-12-14/electors-meeting-to-formally-choose-biden-as-next-president|title=Electoral College Makes It Official: Biden Won, Trump Lost|date=December 14, 2020|work=U.S. News|publisher=Associated Press|access-date=January 6, 2021}}</ref> however, Trump refused to concede and insisted that he had actually won. Throughout November and December Trump and his campaign filed more than 50 lawsuits alleging election fraud and other irregularities; all of them were eventually rejected by judges.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-losing-election-lawsuits-36d113484ac0946fa5f0614deb7de15e|title=Trump loves to win but keeps losing election lawsuits|last=Richer|first=Alanna Durkin|date=December 4, 2020|work=AP News|access-date=January 6, 2021}}</ref> Trump also pressured Republican officials and lawmakers to take actions to overturn the election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Anita |last2=Orr |first2=Gabby |last3=McGraw |first3=Meridith |title=Inside Trump's pressure campaign to overturn the election |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/21/trump-pressure-campaign-overturn-election-449486 |access-date=December 22, 2020 |work=[[Politico]] |date=December 21, 2020}}</ref>
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| In late December 2020, a federal lawsuit was filed against Pence by Republican congressman [[Louie Gohmert]] and 11 Arizona Republicans who would have become presidential electors had Trump actually won Arizona. The plaintiffs sought to give the Vice President the power to reject state-certified presidential electors in favour of "competing slates of electors" so that Biden's victory over Trump could be overturned.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Larson |first1=Erik |title=Pence Sued by GOP Congressman Over Competing Electors |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-28/pence-sued-by-gop-congressman-in-fight-over-competing-electors |access-date=January 3, 2021 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=December 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201228212016/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-28/pence-sued-by-gop-congressman-in-fight-over-competing-electors |archive-date=December 28, 2020}}</ref><ref name=Berman>{{cite web |title=Pence asks judge to reject Gohmert lawsuit asking the VP to interfere in the Electoral College count |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/31/politics/pence-gohmert-electoral-college-lawsuit/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=January 2, 2021 |date=January 1, 2021|last1=Berman|first1=Dan}}</ref><ref name=Cheney>{{cite web |last1=Cheney |first1=Kyle |last2=Gerstein |first2=Josh |title=Pence: Gohmert's fight to overturn the 2020 election results is with Congress, not me |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/31/pence-overturn-election-results-lawsuit-453207 |website=Politico |access-date=January 2, 2021 |date=December 31, 2020}}</ref> The [[United States Department of Justice]] represented Pence in this case, and argued for its dismissal, stating that the lawsuit was a "walking legal contradiction" because it sought to grant power to the Vice President, while suing the Vice President.<ref name=Cheney/> Within a week, the lawsuit was dismissed in the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas]], and the appeal was rejected by a [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit]] panel, both due to the plaintiffs' lack of [[Standing (law)|standing]].<ref name=Gerstein-453387>{{cite web |last1=Gerstein |first1=Josh |last2=Cheney |first2=Kyle |title=Judge throws out Gohmert suit aimed at empowering Pence to overturn 2020 election results |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/01/louie-gohmert-lawsuit-pence-453387 |website=Politico |access-date=January 3, 2021 |date=January 2, 2021}}</ref> Gohmert then appealed to the Supreme Court, which on January{{nbs}}7 tersely "denied" his petition.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Stewart |title=SCOTUS rejects Gohmert's last-minute appeal |url=https://www.kltv.com/2021/01/07/scotus-rejects-gohmerts-last-minute-appeal/ |access-date=January 9, 2021 |work=[[KLTV]] |date=January 7, 2021}}</ref>
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| ====Vote counting and storming of the Capitol====
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| {{main|2021 storming of the United States Capitol}}
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| In January 2021, Trump began to pressure Pence to take action to overturn the election. As vice president, Pence presided over the January 6, 2021, [[2021 United States Electoral College vote count|Congressional Joint Session to count the electoral votes]]—normally a non-controversial, ceremonial event. For days beforehand, Trump declared both in public and in private that Pence should use that position to overturn the election results in swing states and declare Trump–Pence the winners of the election.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/05/us/politics/pence-trump-election.html|title=Trump Says Pence Can Overturn His Loss in Congress. That's Not How It Works.|last=Schmidt|first=Michael S.|date=January 5, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 6, 2021}}</ref> Pence demurred that the [[United States constitution]] does not give him that power, but Trump insisted that "The Vice President and I are in total agreement that the Vice President has the power to act."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/05/us/politics/pence-trump-election-results.html|title=Pence Said to Have Told Trump He Lacks Power to Change Election Result|last1=Haberman|first1=Maggie|last2=Karni|first2=Annie|date=January 5, 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 6, 2021}}</ref>
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| According to ''[[The New York Times]]'', multiple sources claim that Trump called Pence before he departed to certify the results urging him again one last time ultimately telling him, "You can either go down in history as a [[Patriotism|patriot]], or you can go down in history as a [[pussy]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/12/us/politics/mike-pence-trump.html|title= Pence Reached His Limit With Trump. It Wasn't Pretty.|website= The New York Times|access-date= February 7, 2021}}</ref> Before the start of the Joint Session, Pence stated in a "Dear Colleague" letter that the Constitution prevents him from deciding which electoral votes should be counted and which should not.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.axios.com/trump-pence-electoral-college-fa6456c7-b143-4582-8d2d-da5a8b33e3ec.html|title=Pence says he lacks authority to throw out Electoral College votes|last=Rummler|first=Orion|date=January 6, 2020|work=Axios|access-date=January 6, 2021}}</ref>
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| On January 6, 2021, the day on which a joint session of Congress met to count and certify the results of the electoral college for the 2020 presidential election, Trump held a rally at which he urged listeners to go to the Capitol and repeatedly expressed the hope that Pence would "do the right thing".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/10/us/trump-speech-riot.html|title=Incitement to Riot? What Trump Told Supporters Before Mob Stormed Capitol|last=Savage|first=Charlie|date=January 10, 2021|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 15, 2021}}</ref> Many listeners then marched to the Capitol and [[2021 storming of the United States Capitol|stormed it]]. A Reuters photographer overheard three rioters saying they wanted to seize Pence and [[Hanging|hang]] him, while many others chanted their desire to hang Pence.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Haltiwanger|first=John|date=January 7, 2021|title=Trump attacks Pence for not having the 'courage' to overturn the election as the president's supporters storm the Capitol|url=https://www.businessinsider.com.au/trump-attacks-pence-for-not-having-courage-to-overturn-election-2021-1|access-date=January 8, 2021|website=Business Insider Australia|language=en}}</ref><ref name = USATODAY>{{Cite web|last=Cannon|first=Jay|title=Watch VP Pence confirm 2020 election win for Joe Biden hours after mob breaches Capitol|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/01/07/watch-pence-certify-biden-harris-election-results-after-capitol-riot/6578507002/|access-date=January 8, 2021|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A Reuters photographer says he overheard pro-Trump insurrectionists saying they wanted to hang Mike Pence at the Capitol|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/world/news/a-reuters-photographer-says-he-overheard-pro-trump-insurrectionists-saying-they-wanted-to-hang-mike-pence-at-the-capitol/articleshow/80175839.cms|access-date=January 10, 2021|website=Business Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Must-See New Video Shows Capitol Riot Was Way Worse Than We Thought {{!}} All In {{!}} MSNBC—YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhjRXO72v1s|access-date=January 10, 2021|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref>
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| On January 15, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' reported that Pence came "dangerously close" to the rioters during their occupation of the Capitol. Pence was not evacuated from the Senate chambers until 14 minutes after the initial breach of the Capitol was reported. He and his family were eventually ushered from the Senate chambers into a second-floor hideaway. One minute later, the mob rushed onto a stair landing only 100 feet away, from which they could have seen him enter the room if they had arrived a minute earlier.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pence-rioters-capitol-attack/2021/01/15/ab62e434-567c-11eb-a08b-f1381ef3d207_story.html|title=How the rioters who stormed the Capitol came dangerously close to Pence|last1=Parker|first1=Ashley|last2=Leonnig|first2=Carol D.|last3=Kane|first3=Paul|last4=Brown|first4=Emma|date=January 15, 2021|work=The Washington Post|access-date=January 15, 2021}}</ref> Pence later approved the deployment of the [[United States National Guard|National Guard]].<ref>{{cite web |title=As the D.C. police clear the Capitol grounds, the mayor extends a public emergency. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/national-guard-capitol-army.html?smid=tw-nytimes&smtyp=cur |website=The New York Times |access-date=January 7, 2021}}</ref> After the Capitol was cleared, Congress resumed its joint session, and officially certified the election results with Pence declaring Biden and Harris the winners.<ref name = USATODAY/>
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| [[File:210120-D-WD757-1401 (50861237886).jpg|thumb|Pence and his wife [[Karen Pence|Karen]] at the [[inauguration of Joe Biden]]]]
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| During the siege, Trump criticized Pence as lacking "courage"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/532942-trump-attacks-pence-as-protesters-force-their-way-into-capitol|title=Trump attacks Pence as protesters force their way into Capitol|last=Samuels|first=Brett|date=January 6, 2021|work=The Hill|access-date=January 8, 2021}}</ref> Earlier [[L. Lin Wood]], a lawyer associated with Trump, had called for Pence to be "executed" by "firing squad".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rawnsley|first1=Adam|date=January 1, 2021|title=Trump Team Backs Away From Lin Wood After Pence Tweets|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/trump-team-runs-away-from-lin-wood-after-pence-tweets|access-date=January 2, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Brewster|first1=Jack|date=January 7, 2021|title=Lin Wood—Lawyer Closely Tied To Trump—Permanently Banned From Twitter After Claiming Capitol Siege Was 'Staged'|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackbrewster/2021/01/07/lin-wood-lawyer-closely-tied-to-trump-permanently-banned-from-twitter-after-claiming-capitol-siege-was-staged/?sh=37a5c11c1be3|access-date=January 8, 2021|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> In spite of the threats against Pence, Trump never reached out to Pence or inquired about his safety during the attack on the Capitol, according to sources close to the vice president.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/pence-attend-biden-inauguration-n1253645|title=Pence to attend Biden inauguration; Trump never called him in the Capitol bunker, sources say|last1=Welker|first1=Kristin|last2=O'Donnell|first2=Kelly|last3=Alba|first3=Monica|date=January 9, 2021|work=NBC News|access-date=January 10, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/protesters-storm-capitol-hill-building.html|title=The storming of Capitol Hill was organized on social media.|last=Frenkel|first=Sheera|date=January 6, 2021|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 10, 2021}}</ref> Aides believed that Pence was being set up as a scapegoat for Trump's failure to overturn the results of the election.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/07/politics/trump-pence-riot/index.html|title=Trump pressured Pence to engineer a coup, then put the VP in danger, source says|last=Acosta|first=JIm|date=January 7, 2021|work=CNN|access-date=January 10, 2021}}</ref> Pence was described as very angry with Trump.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/07/politics/trump-pence-riot/index.html|title=Trump pressured Pence to engineer a coup, then put the VP in danger, source says|last1=Acosta|first1=Jim|last2=Brown|first2=Pamela|date=January 7, 2021|work=CNN|access-date=January 10, 2021}}</ref> The two did not speak for several days, until January 11 when they met at the White House to discuss the prior week's Capitol siege and the final days of their administration.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://wtmj.com/national/2021/01/11/after-frosty-few-days-pence-trump-appear-to-reach-detente/ |title=After frosty few days, Pence, Trump appear to reach détente |date=January 11, 2021 |publisher=[[WTMJ (AM)|WTMJ]] |agency=Associated Press |first1=Jill |last1=Colvin |first2=Zeke |last2=Miller |access-date=January 11, 2021 }}</ref>
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| On January 20, Pence attended the [[inauguration of Joe Biden]] as president of the United States, unlike Trump. Afterwards, he left the Capitol with his successor, Kamala Harris.<ref name="2021-01-20 NYT">{{cite news |last1=Gold |first1=Michael |date=2021-01-20 |title=Harris escorted Pence to his motorcade, a symbol of a peaceful transfer of power. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/20/us/kamala-harris-mike-pence-inauguration.html |url-status=live |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en |issn=1553-8095 |oclc=1645522 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201142935/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/20/us/kamala-harris-mike-pence-inauguration.html |archive-date=2021-02-01 |access-date=2021-06-03}}</ref>
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| ==Post-vice presidency (2021–present)==
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| According to media reports, Pence does not have a permanent place of residence in Indiana, so he and his wife have been staying at residences owned by various Indiana Republican politicians since leaving the vice presidency. Official records indicated that Pence has not owned a residence in Indiana since 2013. It is believed that he was at one time staying in a cabin owned by his former lieutenant governor, Indiana governor [[Eric Holcomb]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Namita|date=January 27, 2021|title=Mike Pence is homeless after leaving office and 'couch-surfing' with Indiana politicians, report says|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/pence-homeless-couch-surfing-indiana-b1793261.html|access-date=January 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=LoBianco|first=Tom|date=January 27, 2021|title=Mike and Karen Pence are homeless and appear to be couch surfing their way through Indiana|work=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/mike-pence-home-residence-after-vice-president-indiana-2021-1|url-access=subscription|access-date=January 28, 2021}}</ref> In May 2021, the Pences bought a home north of [[Indianapolis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/politics/mike-karen-pence-new-home-near-indianapolis/|title=Mike and Karen Pence Purchase New Home Near Indianapolis: 'Good to Be Back'|publisher=People|date=May 26, 2021|access-date=May 26, 2021}}</ref>
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| In February 2021, it was announced that Pence will join the [[Heritage Foundation]] as a distinguished visiting fellow.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/02/04/pence-heritage-foundation-fellow-465884|title=Pence reveals his post-White House plans|work=Politico|first1=Daniel|last1=Lippman|first2=Gabby|last2=Orr|date=February 4, 2021|access-date=February 4, 2021}}</ref> He also joined the [[Young America's Foundation]] conservative youth organization, with plans to launch a new podcast with the group in the coming months.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Orr|first=Gabby|title=Mike Pence is starting a podcast|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/02/05/mike-pence-podcast-466096|date=February 5, 2021|access-date=February 9, 2021|website=Politico|language=en}}</ref> In March 2021, Pence published an op-ed on a Heritage Foundation website which made false claims of fraud in the 2020 election. He also made numerous false claims about the [[For the People Act]], a Democratic bill under consideration by the Democratic-controlled House to improve voting access, saying the bill would "force states to adopt universal mail-in ballots" and would mean "millions of illegal immigrants are quickly registered to vote."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fact check: Pence echoes Trump's Big Lie in dishonest op-ed on election rules|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/03/politics/fact-check-pence-election-hr1-democrats-elections/index.html|access-date=March 4, 2021|website=CNN|first1=Daniel|last1=Dale|first2=Holmes|last2=Lybrand|first3=Tara|last3=Subramaniam|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PolitiFact—Mike Pence is wrong that HR 1 forces states to shift to universal mail balloting|url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/mar/04/mike-pence/mike-pence-wrong-hr-1-forces-states-shift-universa/|website=PolitiFact|first=Louis|last=Jacobson|date=March 4, 2021|access-date=April 16, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PolitiFact—Pence falsely says if HR 1 passes, millions of people in US illegally will be registered to vote|url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/mar/05/mike-pence/pence-falsely-says-if-hr-1-passes-millions-people-/|website=PolitiFact|first=Amy|last=Sherman|date=March 5, 2021|access-date=April 16, 2021}}</ref> At speaking engagements in the months after the end of the Trump administration, Pence spoke with reverence of the former president.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dawsey|first=Josh|title=As he reemerges onto the public stage, Pence sticks to the same strategy he used by Trump's side: Total fealty|language=en-US|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pence-trump-south-carolina/2021/04/30/1a7d72d2-a9b9-11eb-bca5-048b2759a489_story.html|access-date=2021-04-30|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
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| Pence narrated a four-part television series on the career of right-wing radio host [[Rush Limbaugh]] titled ''Age of Rush'', which debuted on [[Fox Nation]] in March 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Weprin |first1=Alex |date=March 5, 2021 |title=Former VP Mike Pence to Narrate Rush Limbaugh Series for Fox Nation Streaming Service |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/former-vp-mike-pence-to-narrate-rush-limbaugh-series-for-fox-nation-streaming-service |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=March 7, 2021}}</ref> Pence had previously cited Limbaugh as an inspiration for his career in talk radio and then in politics.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rutz |first1=David |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Pence: Rush Limbaugh was a 'giant,' inspired me to enter talk radio |url=https://www.foxnews.com/media/pence-rush-limbaugh-was-a-giant-inspired-me-to-enter-talk-radio |website=Fox News |access-date=March 7, 2021}}</ref> In April 2021, it was reported that Pence signed a deal with publisher [[Simon & Schuster]] for two books, including an autobiography that is set to be published in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=Associated Press|title=Mike Pence signs 2-book deal with Simon & Schuster; memoir to come out in 2023|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/mike-pence-signs-2-book-deal-with-simon-schuster-memoir-to-come-out-in-2023-01617830158|access-date=2021-04-10|website=MarketWatch|language=en-US|date=April 7, 2021}}</ref>
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| In April 2021, Pence underwent surgery to implant a [[pacemaker]] into him after he had a slow heart beat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/548501-pence-undergoes-surgery-to-receive-pacemaker|title=Pence undergoes surgery to receive pacemaker|work=The Hill|first=Brett|last=Samuels|date=April 15, 2021|access-date=April 17, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last =Thrush | first =Glenn | title =Pence, suffering from a sluggish heartbeat, undergoes surgery for a pacemaker implant.| newspaper =[[The New York Times]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =April 15, 2021 | url =https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/15/us/politics/mike-pence-pacemaker-surgery.html | access-date =April 17, 2021 }}</ref>
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| Polls of Republicans regarding their preferred presidential candidate in 2024 show Pence attracting minimal support. According to political journalist David Siders, the prevailing view at the GOP grassroots and among the Republican leaders is that, "Pence is dead in the early waters of 2024."<ref>David Siders, "Pence flatlines as 2024 field takes shape: 'There are some Trump supporters who think he's the Antichrist,' said one Iowa GOP official." [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/07/19/pence-flatlines-2024-499919 ''POLITICO'' July 19, 2021]</ref>
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| ==Political positions==
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| In 2016, Pence was described as being staunchly conservative on fiscal and social issues, with his political views strongly shaped by his Christian faith and by the conservative political theorist [[Russell Kirk]].<ref name="10ThingsToKnow"/> As Vice President, Pence defended debt- and deficit-spending as a measure to stimulate economic growth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/07/pence-defends-deficit-expansion-under-trump-as-necessary-for-growth.html|title=Vice President Pence defends deficit expansion under Trump as necessary for economic growth|last=Breuninger|first=Kevin|date=February 7, 2020|website=CNBC|language=en|access-date=March 15, 2020}}</ref> During his acceptance speech for the nomination of Republican vice presidential candidate at the [[2016 Republican National Convention]] he said: "I'm a Christian, a conservative, and a Republican, in that order."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/637487/mike-pence-im-christian-conservative-republican--that-order|title=Mike Pence: 'I'm a Christian, a conservative, and a Republican—in that order'|last=Garcia|first=Catherine|date=July 20, 2016|work=The Week|access-date=March 22, 2017}}</ref> As one commentator put it, "Pence doesn't simply wear his faith on his sleeve—he wears the entire Jesus jersey."<ref name=":0" />
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| ===Abortion, sex education, and stem cell research===
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| [[File:Vice President Mike Pence addressing the March for Life (31864759963).jpg|thumb|Pence speaks at the 2017 [[March for Life (Washington, D.C.)|March for Life]] in Washington, D.C.]]
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| Pence is an [[Anti-abortion movements|opponent of abortion]], and his unwavering support of abortion restrictions has gained him the support of grassroots conservative activists.<ref>Monica Davey and Michael Barbaro. [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/us/politics/mike-pence-conservative-abortion.html "How Mike Pence Became a Conservative Hero: Unwavering Opposition to Abortion"]. ''New York Times'', July 16, 2016.</ref> He began seeking to defund [[Planned Parenthood]] in 2007<ref>{{cite news |first=Rachana |last=Pradhan |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/mike-pence-obamacare-225590 |title=How Mike Pence embraced Obamacare |newspaper=Politico |date=July 15, 2016}}</ref> and in three congressional sessions, he introduced legislation to block organizations that provide abortion services from receiving any [[Title X]] funding, even for services not related to reproductive health or [[family planning]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Sarah |last=Kliff |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2011/02/pences-war-on-planned-parenthood-049609 |title=Pence's war on Planned Parenthood |newspaper=Politico |date=February 16, 2011}}</ref> [[Marjorie Dannenfelser]], president of the [[Susan B. Anthony List]], has praised Pence as a "pro-life trailblazer".<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Kilgore|first=Ed|date=October 8, 2020|title=Pence Won't Own Up to His Anti-Abortion Crusade|url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/10/pence-wont-own-up-to-his-anti-abortion-crusade.html|access-date=November 29, 2020|website=Intelligencer|language=en-us}}</ref>
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| Pence has criticized [[comprehensive sex education]]. In 2002, he criticized a speech by then-secretary of state [[Colin Powell]], who had said it was "important for young people{{nbs}}... to protect themselves from the possibility of acquiring any sexually transmitted disease" through the use of [[condom]]s.<ref name="KaczynskiAbstinence">{{Cite news |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/andrewkaczynski/mike-pence-in-2002-condoms-are-a-very-very-poor-protection-a |title=Mike Pence in 2002: 'Condoms Are A Very, Very Poor Protection' Against STDs |first=Andrew |last=Kaczynski |website=BuzzFeed News |date=July 21, 2016}}</ref><ref name="CNNAbstinence">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0202/15/wbr.00.html|title=Olympic Judges Give Gold to Canadians; Sport Leads to Violence in Afghanistan; Vice President Warns Terrorists|work=[[Wolf Blitzer Reports]]|publisher=CNN|date=February 15, 2002}}</ref> Pence called Powell's comments a "sad day" and expressed his support for [[Abstinence-only sex education|abstinence education]].<ref name="KaczynskiAbstinence" /><ref name="CNNAbstinence" /> He asserted that "condoms are a very, very poor protection against sexually transmitted diseases" and that Powell was "maybe inadvertently misleading millions of young people and endangering lives" despite the CDC assessment that when properly used they offer effective protection against STDs.<ref name="KaczynskiAbstinence" /><ref name="CNNAbstinence"/>
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| Pence opposed President Obama's executive order eliminating [[Stem cell controversy|restrictions on embryonic stem-cell research]], saying, "I believe it is morally wrong to create human life to destroy it for research{{nbs}}... I believe it is morally wrong to take the tax dollars of millions of pro-life Americans."<ref name="FortuneScience">{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2016/07/15/mike-pence-donald-trump-science/|title=Donald Trump's Running Mate Has Some Truly Strange Views on Modern Science|date=July 15, 2016|website=Fortune|access-date=July 16, 2016}}</ref><ref name="EmptyPromiseStemCell">{{Cite news |first=Mike |last=Pence |url=http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/25777-the-empty-promise-of-embryonic-stem-cell-research-rep-mike-pence |title=The Empty Promise of Embryonic Stem Cell Research |newspaper=The Hill |date=March 23, 2009 |access-date=July 16, 2016}}</ref> He asserted that "scientific breakthroughs have rendered embryonic stem-cell research obsolete."<ref name="FortuneScience" /><ref name="EmptyPromiseStemCell" />
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| On January 27, 2017, Pence spoke at the [[March for Life (Washington, D.C.)|March for Life]] in Washington, D.C., becoming the first vice president, and at the time, the highest-ranking United States official to ever speak at the annual event, until President Trump spoke at the event in 2020.<ref name="BeaconHope">{{cite web | last1=Gaudiano | first1=Nicole | title=At Anti-Abortion Rally, Mike Pence is a Beacon of Hope | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/27/anti-abortion-rally-mike-pence-beacon-hope/97151584/ | date=January 27, 2017 | newspaper=[[USA Today]] | access-date=January 27, 2017}}</ref><ref name="HistoryProLife">{{cite web | last1=Fredericks | first1=Bob | title=Mike Pence Makes History by Rallying with Pro-Life Marchers | url=https://nypost.com/2017/01/27/mike-pence-will-make-history-by-rallying-with-pro-life-marchers/ | date=January 27, 2017 | newspaper=New York Post| access-date=January 27, 2017}}</ref>
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| Pence has said he supports an overturn of ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'', though denied that Supreme Court justice [[Brett Kavanaugh]] was nominated for that purpose.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/396382-pence-i-do-still-want-roe-v-wade-overturned |title=Pence: 'I do' still want Roe v. Wade overturned |newspaper=The Hill |date=July 10, 2018 |first=Brett |last=Samuels |access-date=October 14, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wA9X3qFK0E|title=Mike Pence: I still want Roe v. Wade overturned|date=July 10, 2018|website=[[YouTube]]|access-date=October 14, 2018|publisher=CNN}}</ref> During the [[2020 United States presidential debates|2020 vice presidential debate]], when asked by moderator [[Susan Page]] what he would want states to do if ''Roe'' were overturned, Pence refused to endorse criminalizing abortion, instead simply referring to himself as "pro-life".<ref name=":4" />
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| ===LGBT rights===
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| Pence has been a vocal opponent of efforts to expand LGBT civil rights, during both his governorship and his tenure as a U.S. representative. In 2000, his congressional campaign website said, "Congress should oppose any effort to recognize homosexuals as a '[[discrete and insular minority]]' entitled to the protection of anti-discrimination laws similar to those extended to women and ethnic minorities."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mikepence.com/issues.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020206052612/http://www.mikepence.com/issues.html|title=The Pence Agenda for the 107th Congress: A Guide to Renewing the American Dream|archive-date=February 6, 2002|access-date=May 19, 2017}}</ref> Also included on his website was a call for "an audit to ensure that federal dollars were no longer being given to organizations that celebrate and encourage the types of behaviors that facilitate the spreading of the HIV virus" and instead advocated that "Resources should be directed toward those institutions which provide assistance to those seeking to change their sexual behavior."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/mike-pence-seems-to-have-history-of-opposing-gay-rights-2015-3|title=Indiana's governor seems to have a long history of opposing gay rights|work=Business Insider|date=March 31, 2015|first=Colin |last=Campbell|access-date=May 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coloradoindependent.com/152319/indiana-gov-pence-squishy-on-protecting-against-lgbt-discrimination-because-he-has-long-opposed-it|title=Indiana Gov. Pence squishy on protecting against LGBT discrimination because he has long opposed it|last=Tomasic|first=John|work=Colorado Independent|access-date=May 19, 2017|date=March 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://politicalwire.com/2015/03/31/mike-pence-then-and-now/ |title=Mike Pence, Then and Now |work=[[Political Wire]] |date=March 31, 2015 |first=Taegan |last=Goddard |access-date=May 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.politifact.com/california/statements/2016/jul/28/gavin-newsom/true-mike-pence-advocated-conversion-therapy|title=Half True: Pence's support for conversion therapy not a settled matter|access-date=July 30, 2016|date=December 2, 2016|publisher=Politifact California|first=Chris|last=Nichols}}</ref> Some LGBT rights advocates have cited this as evidence of Pence endorsing [[conversion therapy]], a charge he denies.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/30/us/politics/mike-pence-and-conversion-therapy-a-history.html |title=Mike Pence and 'Conversion Therapy': A History |date=November 30, 2016 |access-date=August 11, 2018 |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Liam |last=Stack }}</ref>
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| In 2007, Pence voted against the [[Employment Non-Discrimination Act]], which would have banned workplace discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.<ref name="Drabold">{{cite magazine |first=Will |last=Drabold |url=http://time.com/4406337/mike-pence-gay-rights-lgbt-religious-freedom/ |title=Here's What Mike Pence Said on LGBT Issues Over the Years |magazine=Time |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }}</ref> Pence opposed the 2009 [[Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act|Matthew Shepard Hate Crimes Act]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/election/2016/7/15/donald-trump-clearly-didnt-ask-gays-about-mike-pence|title=Donald Trump Clearly Didn't 'Ask the Gays' About Mike Pence|work=The Advocate|date=July 15, 2016|access-date=July 17, 2016}}</ref> saying that [[Barack Obama]] wanted to "advance a radical social agenda"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2009/10/620000629/1|title=Obama signs hate-crimes law rooted in crimes of 1998|date=October 28, 2009|work=USA Today|access-date=May 19, 2017|last=Jackson|first=David}}</ref> and said that pastors "could be charged or be subject to intimidation for simply expressing a Biblical worldview on the issue of homosexual behavior".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2009/07/17/religious-right-promotes-falsehoods-in-last-ditch-attempt-to-stall-federal-hate-crimes-bill/ |title=Religious Right Promotes Falsehoods in Last-Ditch Attempt to Stall Federal Hate Crimes Bill |date=July 17, 2009 |first=Sonia |last=Scherr |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302030414/http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2009/07/17/religious-right-promotes-falsehoods-in-last-ditch-attempt-to-stall-federal-hate-crimes-bill/ |archive-date=March 2, 2015 |access-date=May 19, 2017}}</ref>
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| Pence has said that homosexuals should not serve in the military, saying, "Homosexuality is incompatible with military service because the presence of homosexuals in the ranks weakens unit cohesion."<ref name="RingAdvocate">{{cite news |url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/politicians/2015/04/01/mike-pence-abhors-discrimination-his-record-shows-otherwise |title=Mike Pence 'Abhors' Discrimination? His Record Shows Otherwise |work=The Advocate |date=April 1, 2015 |first=Trudy |last=Ring |access-date=May 19, 2017}}</ref> Pence opposed [[Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010|the repeal]] of "[[don't ask, don't tell]]", saying in 2010 that allowing [[Sexual orientation and gender identity in the United States military|gays and lesbians to openly serve]] in the military would "have an impact on unit cohesion".<ref name="RingAdvocate" /><ref name="NYTCompareShepherdRappeport">{{cite news |first1=Katie |last1=Shepherd |first2=Alan |last2=Rappeport |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/16/us/politics/mike-pence-issues.html |title=How Mike Pence and Donald Trump Compare on the Issues |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 16, 2016 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }}</ref>
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| Pence opposes both [[Same-sex marriage in the United States|same-sex marriage]] and [[civil union]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/01/04/what-we-know-gov-mike-pences-position-gay-rights/78257192/|title=What we know about Gov. Mike Pence's position on gay rights over the years|newspaper=[[The Indianapolis Star]]|access-date=July 14, 2016|first1=Tony|last1=Cook|first2=Chelsea|last2=Schneider|date=January 4, 2016}}</ref> While in the House, he said that "societal collapse was always brought about following an advent of the deterioration of marriage and family."<ref name="Altman 2016">{{cite web |last=Altman|first=Alex|title=Why Donald Trump Looks Likely to Pick Mike Pence|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=July 14, 2016|url=http://time.com/4406477/donald-trump-mike-pence-running-mate-vice-president/|access-date=July 15, 2016}}</ref> He has advocated a constitutional same-sex marriage ban but did not champion such a proposed ban for his first year as governor.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.courierpress.com/news/2012/dec/13/indiana-gop-lawmakers-say-same-sex-marriage-ban-bi/ |title=Indiana GOP lawmakers say same-sex marriage ban measure likely |date=December 13, 2012 |newspaper=[[Evansville Courier & Press]] |access-date=December 14, 2012 |last=Bradner |first=Eric |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606102740/http://www.courierpress.com/news/2012/dec/13/indiana-gop-lawmakers-say-same-sex-marriage-ban-bi/ |archive-date=June 6, 2013 }}</ref>
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| In March 2019, former vice president [[Joe Biden]] referred to Pence as "a decent guy" during a speech at the [[University of Nebraska Omaha]] in [[Omaha, Nebraska]], a month before Biden announced his [[Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign|2020 presidential campaign]]. LGBT groups, progressive leaders and celebrities strongly criticized him, with actress and [[2018 New York gubernatorial election|New York gubernatorial candidate]] [[Cynthia Nixon]] chastising Biden on Twitter, to which Biden responded by apologizing and criticizing Pence's stance on LGBT rights. Nixon later penned an op-ed in ''[[The Washington Post]]'' calling Pence "insidious and dangerous" for his actions on LGBT rights, claiming about Biden's comments that "it's easy to say nice things about Pence when you're not personally threatened by his agenda. If Biden were being directly attacked in the same way that our community is, I think he would see Pence from a very different vantage point."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/03/02/mike-pence-isnt-decent-hes-insidious/|title=Mike Pence isn't 'decent.' He's insidious.|first=Cynthia|last=Nixon|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=March 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/28/politics/joe-biden-mike-pence-decent-guy-criticize-respond/index.html|title=Joe Biden responds to criticism after calling Pence a 'decent guy'|first=Arlette|last=Saenz|publisher=CNN|date=March 1, 2019}}</ref>
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| ===Economic policy===
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| [[File:FEMA - 35668 - FEMA Administrator Paulison with Indiana Governor Daniels at Press Conference in Indiana.jpg|right|thumb|U.S. representative Pence (third from left) behind Governor [[Mitch Daniels]] at a 2008 press conference in [[Martinsville, Indiana]]]]
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| Pence was a co-sponsor of H.J.Res.73, a 2011 spending limit amendment to the [[U.S. Constitution]]. This amendment would limit federal spending to "the average annual revenue collected in the three prior years, adjusted in proportion to changes in population and inflation".<!--not in source one-fifth of the American economy—the historical average since World War II--><ref>{{cite web|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d112:hj73:|title=H.J.RES.73 Proposing a spending limit amendment to the Constitution of the United States|access-date=January 9, 2012|last=Amash|first=Justin|publisher=Library of Congress|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215020036/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d112:hj73:|archive-date=December 15, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> In regards to adopting the [[gold standard]], Pence said in 2011, "the time has come to have a debate over gold and the proper role it should play in our nation's monetary affairs."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ralphbenko/2011/04/25/fed-paper-money-thwarting-full-employment/|title=Dear Liberals: It's Your Fed's Paper Money That's Thwarting Full Employment|last=Benko|first=Ralph|work=Forbes|access-date=July 16, 2016}}</ref> Pence proposed legislation to end the dual mandate of the [[Federal Reserve System|Federal Reserve]] (maximizing employment and stabilizing prices), requiring the Fed to just focus on price stability and not [[full employment]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-fed-republicans-idUSN1611402120101116|title=US Republicans want Fed focus solely on inflation|date=November 16, 2010|work=Reuters|access-date=July 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pence: End Dual Mandate of Fed|publisher=YouTube (Office of U.S. Representative Mike Pence official account)|date=November 17, 2010|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MovL797FF4|access-date=July 18, 2016}}</ref> He has been a proponent of a [[Flat tax|flat federal tax rate]].<ref name="SteinhauserFlatTax">{{Cite web|url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/11/29/pence-touts-flat-tax-in-economic-address/|title=Pence touts flat tax in economic address|last=Steinhauser|first=Paul|date=November 29, 2010|access-date=July 16, 2016}}</ref> Pence opposed the [[Troubled Asset Relief Program]] (TARP) (the "Wall Street bailout") of 2008.<ref name="SteinhauserFlatTax"/> Pence also opposed the [[Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States|auto industry rescue]] package of 2008–2009, which guided [[General Motors]] and [[Chrysler]] through bankruptcy.<ref>{{cite news |first=Steve |last=Carmody |agency=Associated Press |url=http://michiganradio.org/post/michigan-gop-delegates-choice-pence-vp |title=Michigan GOP delegates like choice of Pence for VP |publisher=[[Michigan Radio]] |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref>
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| In 2007, Pence voted against raising the [[Minimum wage in the United States|federal minimum wage]] to $7.25 (from $5.15) an hour over two years, saying it would "hurt the working poor".<ref name="HuffPoMinWage">{{Cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/mike-pence-minimum-wage_us_578a8c22e4b0867123e190fd |title=Mike Pence Once Thought A $7.25 Minimum Wage Was Too High |first=Sam |last=Levine |date=July 16, 2016 |website=The Huffington Post |access-date=July 17, 2016}}</ref> While in the House, Pence voted against the [[Employee Free Choice Act]] ("[[card check]]").<ref name="MahoneyLabor">{{cite news |first=Brian |last=Mahoney |url=http://www.politico.com/tipsheets/morning-shift/2016/07/pence-on-labor-four-house-dems-attack-ot-rule-the-future-of-the-persuader-rule-215354 |title=Pence on labor |newspaper=Politico |department=Morning Shift |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> He voted against the [[American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2009/roll046.xml |title=Final Vote Results For Roll Call 46: H R 1 Bill Title: Making Supplemental Appropriations For Fiscal Year Ending 2009 |publisher=Office of the [[Clerk of the United States House of Representatives]] |date=January 29, 2009 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> He had publicly opposed the bill<ref>{{cite news |first=Amanda |last=Terkel |url=http://thinkprogress.org/politics/2010/07/18/108339/wallace-pence-stimulus/ |title=Wallace Presses Pence on How He Can Call The Stimulus A 'Failure' In The Face of Job Growth |newspaper=[[Think Progress]] |date=July 18, 2010 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> denouncing it as a failure, and called for a federal spending freeze.<ref>{{cite news |first=Matthew |last=Yglesias |url=http://thinkprogress.org/yglesias/2009/02/25/191897/mike_pence_calls_for_massive_anti_stimulus/ |title=Mike Pence Calls for Massive Anti-Stimulus |newspaper=[[ThinkProgress]] |date=February 25, 2009 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> Nevertheless, several months after voting against the bill, Pence privately sought $6{{nbs}}million in stimulus funds for projects in his district,<ref name=huffstein>{{cite news |first1=Sam |last1=Stein |first2=Jason |last2=Cherkis |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/mike-pence-stimulus_us_57a0ca3ae4b0e2e15eb75d0f |title=Mike Pence Privately Sought Stimulus Funds That He Publicly Criticized |newspaper=Huffington Post |department=Politics |date=August 2, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> and in 2010, hosted a job fair for stimulus-backed employers.<ref>{{cite news |first=Stephanie |last=Cordon |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/dems-slam-mike-pence-for-hosting-job-fair-with-stimulus-backed-employers/ |title=Dems Slam Mike Pence for Hosting Job Fair with Stimulus-Backed Employers |work=[[CBS News]] |date=August 11, 2010 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> A Pence spokesperson said that "once it became law, he had a responsibility to support local efforts to secure funding for projects that could benefit people in his district."<ref name=huffstein /> Pence voted against the [[Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2009/roll968.xml |title=Final Vote Results For Roll Call 968: H R 4173 Bill Title: The Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2009 |publisher=Office of the [[Clerk of the United States House of Representatives]] |date=December 11, 2009 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref>
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| Pence was a supporter of [[Earmark (politics)|earmark]] reform. He voted against the $139.7{{nbs}}billion Transportation-Treasury spending bill in June 2006, and in favor of a series of amendments proposed that same month by [[Jeff Flake]] which would strip other members' earmarks from the federal budget.<ref name="CohnEarmarks">{{cite web|last=Cohn|first=Peter|title=Earmark foe collects a few for his district|url=http://www.govexec.com/management/2006/06/earmark-foe-collects-a-few-for-his-district/22072/|access-date=August 18, 2011|magazine=[[Government Executive]]|date=June 19, 2006}}</ref> On occasion, however, Pence secured earmarks for projects in his district.<ref name="CohnEarmarks" />
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| ===Health care===
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| Pence voted against [[Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act|the act]] that created Medicare Part{{nbs}}D (a prescription drug benefit)<ref name="Barbaro"/> and against the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2010/roll165.xml |title=Final Vote Results for Roll Call 165: On Motion to Concur in Senate Amendments, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (H.R. 3590) |publisher=Office of the [[Clerk of the United States House of Representatives]] |date=March 21, 2010 }}</ref> In June 2012, after the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Affordable Care Act in ''[[National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius|NFIB v. Sebelius]]'', Pence likened the ruling to the September 11 attacks in a closed-door meeting of the House Republican Conference. He immediately apologized for making the statement.<ref>{{cite news|first=Jake|last=Sherman|url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/on-congress/2012/06/pence-likens-health-care-ruling-to-127628.html|title=Health care ruling: Pence likens health care ruling to 9/11|work=[[Politico]]|access-date=July 12, 2012|date=June 28, 2012}}</ref>
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| Pence wrote an article that appeared on his 2000 congressional campaign website arguing against the [[Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement|tobacco settlement]] and tobacco regulation, saying they would create "new government bureaucracies" and encroach on private lives. He wrote, "despite the hysteria from the political class and the media, smoking doesn't kill."<ref name="JesterScience" /><ref name="PenceTobaccoOpEd">{{cite web|first=Mike|last=Pence|url=http://mikepence.com/smoke.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010415085348/http://mikepence.com/smoke.html|archive-date=April 15, 2001|title=The Great American Smoke Out|publisher=Mike Pence for Congress|access-date=July 16, 2016}}</ref> Pence asserted, "two out of every three smokers {{sic|does}} not die from a smoking related illness and nine out of ten smokers do not contract lung cancer," while acknowledging that "smoking isn't good for you" and people who smoke should quit.<ref name="JesterScience" /><ref name="PenceTobaccoOpEd" /> In fact, smoking-related deaths comprise two out of three among those who smoke, twice as high as Pence claimed.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/health-31600118{{nbs}}Tobacco 'kills two in three smokers'], ''[[BBC News]]'', Michelle Roberts, February 24, 2015. Retrieved March 12, 2020.</ref> In 2009, Pence voted against the [[Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act]], which allows the [[Food and Drug Administration]] to [[Regulation of tobacco by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration|regulate tobacco products]].<ref name=Boyle>{{cite magazine |first=Rebecca |last=Boyle |url=http://www.popsci.com/top-5-worst-mike-pence-quotes-on-science |title=Trump VP Choice Mike Pence Doesn't Agree With Science: Smoking doesn't kill, teach the controversy, and more quotes from the candidate |magazine=Popular Science |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> According to the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], Pence's state of Indiana has one of the worst smoking problems in America.<ref name="FortuneScience"/>
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| Pence was slow to support a needle exchange program in Indiana to combat a major [[HIV]] outbreak related to needle-sharing among [[Opioid epidemic in the United States|opioid drug users]]. While giving credit for the program's ultimate start, an AIDS research foundation director of public policy later deemed the outbreak "entirely preventable". [[Jerome Adams]], Pence's state health commissioner, defended Pence's pace at responding to the situation.<ref name=needles/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/08/under-pences-leadership-response-to-heroin-epidemic-criticized-as-ineffective-226759|title=How Pence's slow walk on needle exchange helped propel Indiana's health crisis|newspaper=[[Politico]]|access-date=January 28, 2018|first1=Paul|last1=Demko|date=August 8, 2016}}</ref> Republican state house representative [[Edward Clere]], concerned about the rapid spread of HIV in [[Scott County, Indiana]], urged then-governor Pence to sign an executive order to allow [[needle exchange]] programs to operate. After resisting the intervention for over two months, Pence spoke to the county sheriff, prayed for guidance, then finally capitulated in May 2015, signing an executive order that allowed such a program to address the epidemic. The rate of infection spread then slowed dramatically.<ref name=needles>[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/08/us/politics/mike-pence-needle-exchanges-indiana.html Mike Pence's Response to H.I.V. Outbreak: Prayer, Then a Change of Heart], ''[[New York Times]]'', Megan Twohey, August 8, 2016. Retrieved March 12, 2020.</ref>
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| In February 2020, after conflicting statements by administration officials via television, it was announced that Pence would control all messaging from government health officials regarding the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/27/us/politics/us-coronavirus-pence.html |title=Pence Will Control All Coronavirus Messaging From Health Officials |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 27, 2020 |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |access-date=February 28, 2020 }}</ref>
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| ===Immigration===
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| [[File:Mike Pence 2011.jpg|thumb|Pence speaks at a [[Tea Party movement|Tea Party]] rally in 2011.]]
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| In June 2006, Pence unveiled an immigration plan (which he described as "No Amnesty Immigration reform") that would include increased border security, followed by strict enforcement of laws against hiring illegal aliens, and a [[guest worker program]]. This guest worker program would have required participants to apply from their home country to government-approved job placement agencies that match workers with employers who cannot find Americans for the job.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mikepence.house.gov/Issues/Issue/?IssueID=2146 |first=Mike |last=Pence |publisher=Office of U.S. Representative Mike Pence| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060601024327/http://mikepence.house.gov/Issues/Issue/?IssueID=2146 |archive-date=June 1, 2006 |access-date=May 18, 2017 |url-status=dead |title=Issues: Immigration }}</ref> The plan received support from conservatives such as [[Dick Armey]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/25/AR2006072500618.html|title=Immigration Proposal Aims to Bridge Republican Divide|date=July 25, 2006|last2=Babington|first2=Charles|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|first1=Jim|last1=VandeHei|access-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref> but attracted criticism from other conservatives such as [[Richard Viguerie]] and [[paleoconservatives]] [[Phyllis Schlafly]] and [[Pat Buchanan]], who, as described by ''[[The New York Times]]'', collectively viewed Pence as lending "his conservative prestige to a form of liberal amnesty".<ref name="DeparleBorder" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/29/washington/star-of-the-right-loses-his-base-at-the-border.html|title=Star of the Right Loses His Base at the Border|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|first=Jason|last=DeParle|date=August 29, 2006}}</ref>
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| Pence opposes [[Birthright citizenship in the United States|birthright citizenship]].<ref name=IndyCitizenship>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theindychannel.com/news/local-news/as-congressman-gov-pence-co-sponsored-change-to-birthright-citizenship-rules|title= As congressman, Gov. Pence co-sponsored change to birthright citizenship rules|last=Heinz|first=Katie|date=August 26, 2015|access-date=July 16, 2016|publisher=[[WRTV]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730001334/http://www.theindychannel.com/news/local-news/as-congressman-gov-pence-co-sponsored-change-to-birthright-citizenship-rules|archive-date=July 30, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pence asserted in 2018 that the [[Citizenship Clause]] of the [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] (which provides that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside") would not apply to "people who are in the country illegally".<ref>Maureen Groppe, [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/30/birthright-citizenship-mike-pence-donald-trump-constitution/1818810002/ Vice President Mike Pence says Trump's plan to curb birthright citizenship may be constitutional], ''USA Today'' (October 18, 2018).</ref> As a congressman, Pence co-sponsored a bill that would have limited citizenship to children born to at least one parent who is a citizen, immigrants living permanently in the U.S. or non-citizens performing active service in the Armed Forces.<ref name=IndyCitizenship/>
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| In 2010, Pence voted against the [[DREAM Act]], which would grant the [[Undocumented youth in the United States|undocumented children]] of illegal immigrants conditional non-immigrant status if they met certain requirements.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://projects.propublica.org/represent/votes/111/house/2/625/?nyt=true|title=House Vote 625—Approves DREAM Act|access-date=December 13, 2016|publisher=[[ProPublica]]|date=December 8, 2010 }}</ref> In 2010, Pence said [[Arizona SB 1070|Arizona S.B. 1070]], which at the time of passage in 2010 was the nation's broadest and strictest anti-[[Illegal immigration to the United States|illegal immigration]] legislation, was "a good faith to try and restore order to their communities".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/fox-news-sunday-chris-wallace/transcript/reps-pence-clyburn-survey-political-landscape#p//v/922939048001|title=Reps. Pence, Clyburn Survey Political Landscape|date=July 16, 2016|access-date=July 16, 2016|publisher=Fox News|first=Chris|last=Wallace}}</ref>
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| ===Social Security===
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| {{Further|Social Security debate in the United States}}
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| Pence supported President George W. Bush's unsuccessful 2005 proposal to partially privatize [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]]<ref>{{Cite news |first=Matthew |last=Cooper |url=http://europe.newsweek.com/mike-pence-donald-trump-right-480505 |title=How Picking Mike Pence Puts Donald Trump in Ideological Bind |date=July 14, 2016 |magazine=Newsweek |quote=Pence, who used to work for a free-market think tank, was a booster of Bush's aborted 2005 plan to partially privatize Social Security. |access-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref> by allowing workers to invest part of their [[Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax|Social Security payroll taxes]] in private investment accounts and [[Means-tested benefit|reduce the increase in benefits for high-income]] participants.<ref name="SocialSecurityTrumpPence">{{Cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/07/15/news/economy/trump-pence-social-security/index.html|title=On Social Security, Trump and Pence couldn't be more different|last=Sahadi|first=Jeanne|date=July 15, 2016|website=CNN Money|access-date=May 18, 2017}}</ref> Pence had previously proposed a similar but more aggressive reform plan than Bush's.<ref name="SocialSecurityTrumpPence" />
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| When asked in 2010 if he would be willing to make cuts to Social Security, Pence answered, "I think everything has to be on the table."<ref name="SocialSecurityTrumpPence" /> When asked if he would raise the retirement age, he said, "I'm an all-of-the-above guy. We need look at everything on the menu."<ref name="SocialSecurityTrumpPence" />
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| ===Patriot Act===
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| {{Further|History of the Patriot Act}}
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| [[File:POTUS visits DHS (32431456701).jpg|thumb|right|Pence swears in [[John F. Kelly]] at DHS Headquarters on January 25, 2017.]]
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| Pence supported the [[Patriot Act]] on its passage in 2001,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?c4564422/mike-pence-patriot-act |title=Congressman Mike Pence urges fellow Congressmen to vote for the Patriot Act |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] |date=October 24, 2001 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> and in 2005 called the act "essential to our continued success in the [[war on terror]] here at home".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a5nY7X858yMC&pg=RA3-PA187 |title=Congressional Record—House |volume=151 |section=12 |page=187 |date=July 21, 2005 |access-date=May 18, 2017 |publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]] }}</ref> Pence was a sponsor of legislation in 2009 to extend three expiring provisions of the Patriot Act (the [[Section summary of the Patriot Act, Title II#Section 215: Access to records and other items under FISA|library records provision]], the [[Roving wiretap|roving-wiretap]] provision, and the lone-wolf provision) for an additional ten years.<ref>{{cite press release|first=Wendy |last=Riemann |url=http://sensenbrenner.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=114337 |title=Republicans Introduce Bill to Reauthorize PATRIOT Act provisions |publisher=Office of Representative [[Jim Sensenbrenner]] |date=March 12, 2009 |access-date=May 18, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325132016/http://sensenbrenner.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=114337 |archive-date=March 25, 2009 }}</ref>
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| ===International trade===
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| Pence "has been a longtime, aggressive advocate of trade deals" between the U.S. and foreign countries.<ref name="TrumpPenceDisagree">{{Cite web |first=Nicholas |last=Riccardi |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/c2900d864c9f4b7d9bfc4017b577d770/trump-pence-dont-agree-key-social-economic-policies |title=Trump, Pence don't agree on key social, economic policies|language=en-US|agency=Associated Press |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> Pence has been a supporter of the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA),<ref name="TrumpPenceDisagree"/> and during his tenure in the House, he voted for every [[United States free trade agreements|free-trade agreement]] that came before him.<ref name="TankersleyTradeDeals">{{cite news |first=Jim |last=Tankersley |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/07/14/so-mike-pence-has-been-a-huge-supporter-of-the-thing-donald-trump-says-is-terrible-for-america/ |title=So, Mike Pence has been a huge supporter of the thing Donald Trump says is terrible for America |newspaper=Washington Post |date=July 14, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> Pence voted in favor of the [[Central American Free Trade Agreement]] (CAFTA); in favor of keeping the U.S. in the [[World Trade Organization]]; and in favor of [[Permanent normal trade relations#U.S. and China|permanent normal trade relations with China]].<ref name="TankersleyTradeDeals"/> Pence also supported bilateral [[United States–Colombia Free Trade Agreement|free-trade agreements with Colombia]], [[United States–Korea Free Trade Agreement|South Korea]], [[Panama–United States Trade Promotion Agreement|Panama]], [[Peru–United States Trade Promotion Agreement|Peru]], [[Oman–United States Free Trade Agreement|Oman]], [[Chile–United States Free Trade Agreement|Chile]], and [[Singapore–United States Free Trade Agreement|Singapore]].<ref name="TankersleyTradeDeals"/> Pence's strong stance in favor of free trade sharply differs from the stance of his running mate Trump, who has condemned [[globalization]] and the [[Economic liberalization|liberalization of trade]].<ref name="TrumpPenceDisagree"/><ref name="TankersleyTradeDeals"/>
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| Pence voted against the Trade and Globalization Act of 2007, which would have expanded [[Trade Adjustment Assistance]] to American workers adversely affected by globalization.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jordan |last=Fischer |url=http://www.theindychannel.com/news/politics/so-what-do-trump-pence-agree-on-not-much |title=So what do Trump & Pence agree on? Not much |publisher=[[WRTV]] |date=July 14, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> However, in 2014 Pence called for the "swift adoption" of the [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]] (TPP), urging Indiana's congressional delegation to support the trade deal.<ref name="TrumpPenceDisagree"/>
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| ===Foreign policy===
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| [[File:VP Mike Pence visits the Wester wall (39152593764).jpg|thumb|left|Pence visits the [[Western Wall]] in [[Jerusalem]].]]
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| Pence supported the [[Iraq War Resolution]], which authorized [[2003 invasion of Iraq|military action against Iraq]].<ref name="BrowneCNN">{{cite news |first=Ryan |last=Browne |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/15/politics/mike-pence-foreign-policy-vp-pick/ |title=Pence might share a ticket with Trump but not a worldview |work=CNN|date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> During the [[Iraq War]], Pence opposed setting a public withdrawal date from Iraq. During an April 2007 visit to [[Baghdad]], Pence and [[John McCain]] visited [[Shorja]] market, the site of a deadly attack in February 2007 which had claimed 61 lives. Pence and McCain described the visit as evidence that the security situation in Iraqi markets had improved.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/01/AR2007040100325.html|title=Visiting Iraq, McCain Cites Progress on Safety Issues|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=April 2, 2007|access-date=January 31, 2010|first1=Sudarsan|last1=Raghavan|first2=Saad|last2=al-Izzi}}</ref> The visit to the market took place under tight security, including helicopters overhead, and the ''New York Times'' reported that the visit gave a false indication of how secure the area was because of the extremely heavy security forces protecting McCain.<ref>{{cite news|last=Semple|first=Kirk|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/03/world/middleeast/03mccain.html|title=McCain Wrong on Iraq Security, Merchants Say|location=Iraq|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 3, 2007|access-date=September 19, 2010}}</ref> Pence chaired the [[United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa|House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on the Middle East]] and was a prominent supporter of George W. Bush's [[Iraq War troop surge of 2007]]. At the time, Pence said "the surge is working" and defended the initial decision to invade in 2003.<ref name="BrowneCNN" />
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| [[File:Donald Trump meets with Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, March 2017.jpg|thumb|Pence and Trump with [[Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia]] [[Mohammad bin Salman]] on March 14, 2017]]
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| Pence has opposed closing the [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]] and trying the suspected terrorists in the United States.<ref name="house1">{{cite web|url=http://mikepence.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3794&Itemid=711 |title=Pence Urges President to Overturn 'Wrongheaded Decision' Regarding Gitmo Detainees |publisher=Office of U.S. Representative Mike Pence |date=2010 |work=mikepence.house.gov}}{{dead link|date=December 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> As an alternative, Pence has said the "enemy combatants" should be tried in a military tribunal.<ref name="house1" />
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| Pence has stated his support of [[Israel]] and its right to attack facilities in Iran to prevent the Iranians from developing nuclear weapons, has defended the actions of Israel in its use of deadly force in enforcing the [[Blockade of the Gaza Strip|blockade of Gaza]], and has referred to Israel as "America's most cherished ally".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Us-Election-Results/Donald-Trump/Trump-and-Israel-Now-what-472189 |newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |date=November 9, 2016 |title=Analysis: Trump and Israel, now what? |access-date=December 13, 2016 |first=Herb |last=Keinon }}</ref> He visited Israel in 2014 to express his support, and in 2016 signed into law a bill which would ban Indiana from having any commercial dealings with a company that boycotts Israel.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/pence-seen-as-strong-pro-israel-voice/|title=Pence seen as strong pro-Israel voice|access-date=July 14, 2016|work=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref> He opposes a [[State of Palestine|Palestinian state]].<ref>{{cite news|author1=ERASMUS|title=Mike Pence trumps his boss on religious questions, but he also raises some|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/erasmus/2016/11/cross-purposes|access-date=November 12, 2016|work=[[The Economist]]|date=November 10, 2016}}</ref>
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| Pence criticized Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] and Barack Obama's alleged weak leadership, saying: "When Donald Trump and I observe that, as I've said in Syria, in Iran, in Ukraine, that the small and bullying leader of Russia has been stronger on the world stage than this administration, that's stating painful facts. That's not an endorsement of Vladimir Putin. That's an indictment of the weak and feckless leadership."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-10-05/trump-and-pence-play-good-cop-bad-cop-on-putin |title=Trump and Pence Play Good Cop, Bad Cop on Putin |date=October 5, 2016 |work=Bloomberg |access-date=May 18, 2017 |first=Leonid |last=Bershidsky }}</ref>
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| [[File:Joint Press Conference by the Baltic presidents and the Vice President of United States (36242929826).jpg|thumb|Joint press conference with the [[Baltic states]] presidents and Pence, July 31, 2017]]
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| Two weeks prior to the [[2011 military intervention in Libya|NATO intervention in Libya]], Pence thanked the Obama administration and secretary of state [[Hillary Clinton]] for their efforts to isolate the [[Muammar Gaddafi|Gaddafi]] regime.<ref name="PenceThankedClinton">{{Cite news |first=Andrew |last=Kaczynski |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/andrewkaczynski/mike-pence-publicly-thanked-hillary-clinton-in-2011-for-her |title=Mike Pence Publicly Thanked Hillary Clinton in 2011 For Her Efforts on Libya |publisher=Buzzfeed News |access-date=July 16, 2016}}</ref><ref name="ForeignPolPrioritiesLibya">{{Cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?298260-1/us-foreign-policy-priorities&start=7156&transcriptQuery=libya|title=U.S. Foreign Policy Priorities|date=March 1, 2011|publisher=[[House Foreign Affairs Committee]]/[[C-SPAN]]|access-date=July 16, 2016}}</ref><ref name="SteinLibya">{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/mike-pence-libya_us_57890ea8e4b0867123e0fffb|title=Mike Pence Praised Clinton During Libya Intervention|last=Stein|first=Sam|date=July 15, 2016|website=The Huffington Post|access-date=July 16, 2016}}</ref> Pence expressed support for "a no-fly zone" and said "Gaddafi must go."<ref name="PenceThankedClinton" /><ref name="ForeignPolPrioritiesLibya" /><ref name="SteinLibya" />
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| Pence condemned the "terrible savagery" [[Rohingya persecution in Myanmar (2016–present)|against Rohingya Muslims]] in [[Myanmar]], saying "The images of the violence and its victims have shocked the American people, and decent people all over the world."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-to-provide-32-million-dollars-in-humanitarian-aid-to-rohingya-muslims/4036793.html|title=US VP Condemns 'Terrible Savagery' Against Rohingya Muslims|first=Cindy|last=Saine|website=voanews.com|date=September 20, 2017}}</ref>
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| Pence called on Turkish president [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] to release [[Andrew Brunson]], an American pastor detained in the [[2016–present purges in Turkey|post-coup purges in Turkey]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Andrew Brunson, U.S. Pastor, Moved to House Arrest in Turkey |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/25/world/middleeast/andrew-brunson-turkey.html |work=The New York Times |date=June 25, 2018}}</ref> On August 1, 2018, the U.S. Department of Treasury imposed sanctions on two senior [[Cabinet Erdoğan IV|Turkish government ministers]] who were involved in the detention of Brunson.<ref>{{cite news |title=US sanctions Turkey over Pastor Brunson detention |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/us-sanctions-turkey-over-pastor-brunson-detention-1.756238 |work=The National |date=August 1, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=US sanctions Turkish officials over detained pastor |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/donald-trump-administration-to-sanction-turkish-officials-over-imprisonment-of-american-pastor-andrew-brunson/ |work=Politico |date=August 1, 2018}}</ref> Erdoğan said the U.S. behavior will force Turkey to look for new friends and allies.<ref>"[http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/dont-force-turkey-to-look-for-other-friends-erdogan-addresses-us-in-nyt-article-135685 US changing strategic NATO partner with pastor, Turkish President Erdoğan says]". ''[[Hürriyet Daily News]]''. August 11, 2018.</ref>
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| On July 26, 2018, Pence raised the [[Xinjiang re-education camps]] issue at Ministerial To Advance Religious Freedom.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-vice-president-pence-ministerial-advance-religious-freedom/|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|title=Remarks by Vice President Pence at Ministerial To Advance Religious Freedom|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]| access-date=July 26, 2018}}</ref> He said that "Sadly, as we speak as well, Beijing is holding hundreds of thousands, and possibly millions, of [[Uyghurs|Uyghur Muslims]] in so-called 're-education camps', where they're forced to endure around-the-clock political indoctrination and to denounce their religious beliefs and their cultural identity as the goal."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/24/religious-freedom-under-attack-sam-brownback-says-/|title=Religious Freedom forum draws attention to persecution, false imprisonment and re-education camps| work=The Washington Times | access-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref>
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| ===Climate change===
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| {{Further|Climate change denial}}
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| Pence "does not accept the [[Scientific opinion on climate change#Scientific consensus|scientific consensus]] that human activity is the primary driver of climate change".<ref name="AdragnaScott">{{cite web |first1=Anthony |last1=Adragna |first2=Dean |last2=Scott |url=http://www.bna.com/indiana-governor-mike-b73014444775/ |title=Indiana Governor Mike Pence's Views on Climate Change |publisher=[[Bloomberg BNA]] |date=July 14, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035148/https://www.bna.com/indiana-governor-mike-b73014444775/ |archive-date=September 14, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2001, Pence wrote in an [[op-ed]] that "global warming is a myth," saying that "the earth is actually cooler today than it was about 50 years ago."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mikepence.com/warm.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010415121513/http://mikepence.com/warm.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 15, 2001|title=Global Warming Disaster|last=Pence|first=Mike|publisher=Web Archive|access-date=January 14, 2017}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-mike-pence-global-warming-480930?rx=us|title=On climate change, Pence and Trump are a perfect match|last=Schreyer|first=Natalie|date=July 15, 2016|newspaper=Newsweek |access-date=May 18, 2017 }} (originally published by ''Mother Jones'', republished as part of Climate Desk collaboration)</ref> In 2006 and 2009, Pence expressed the view that it was unclear whether [[global warming]] was [[Attribution of recent climate change|driven by human activity]], and in 2009 he told political commentator [[Chris Matthews]] that there was a "growing skepticism in the scientific community about global warming".<ref name="Pence">{{cite web|last=Pence|first=Mike|title=Mike Pence Interview|date=May 5, 2009|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiot7gTiKgE|work=[[Hardball with Chris Matthews]]|publisher=MSNBC|access-date=July 16, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/07/14/watch-mike-pence-trumps-likely-vp-pick-question-global-warming-and-demur-on-evolution/|title=Watch Mike Pence, Trump's running mate, question global warming and demur on evolution|last=Mooney|first=Chris|date=July 15, 2016|access-date=July 16, 2016|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> In 2009, Pence led the Republican effort to defeat the [[American Clean Energy and Security Act]] (Waxman-Markey), a Democratic-backed bill to cut [[greenhouse gas emission]]s (and therefore [[Climate change mitigation|combat climate change]]) through a [[cap-and-trade]] system.<ref name="AdragnaScott"/> On September 27, 2016, however, Pence said "there's no question" that [[Human impact on the environment|human activity]] affects both the [[climate]] and the environment.<ref>{{cite news |first=Tom |last=Kludt |title=Mike Pence appears at odds with Trump on climate change |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/27/politics/mike-pence-donald-trump-climate-change-trade/ |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=September 27, 2016 |access-date=September 27, 2016 }}</ref> Pence holds a lifetime rating of four percent from the [[League of Conservation Voters]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://scorecard.lcv.org/moc/mike-pence |title=Mike Pence |publisher=League of Conservation Voters |website=LCV.org|access-date=January 14, 2017}}</ref> While in the House, Pence "voted to eliminate funding for [[climate change education|climate education]] programs and to prohibit the [[Environmental Protection Agency]] from regulating [[greenhouse gas emission]]s".<ref name="Hirji2016">{{cite news |first=Zahra |last=Hirji |url=https://insideclimatenews.org/news/15072016/donald-trump-mike-pence-vp-conservative-fossil-fuel-industry-koch-brothers |title=Trump's Choice of Pence Adds a Conservative Fossil Fuel Backer to GOP Ticket |newspaper=[[InsideClimate News]] |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=May 18, 2017 }}</ref> Pence also "repeatedly voted against energy efficiency and renewable energy funding and rules" and voted "for several bills that supported [[fossil fuel]] development, including legislation promoting offshore drilling".<ref name="Hirji2016"/>
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| ===Crime and illegal drugs===
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| [[File:Bush and Pence.png|thumb|left|Representative Pence with President [[George W. Bush]]]]
| | Pence became the 50th [[Governor of Indiana]] on January 14, 2013. |
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| Pence has questioned proposals to decrease penalties for low-level [[Cannabis (drug)|marijuana]] offenses in Indiana, saying the state should focus on "reducing crime, not reducing penalties".<ref>{{cite news |first=Emily |last=Longnecker |url=http://www.wthr.com/story/21752467/pence-questions-proposal-to-decrease-marijuana-penalties |title=Pence questions proposal to decrease marijuana penalties |publisher=[[WTHR]] |date=March 20, 2013 |access-date=May 19, 2017 |archive-date=March 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325144340/http://www.wthr.com/story/21752467/pence-questions-proposal-to-decrease-marijuana-penalties |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2013, Pence expressed concern that a then-pending bill to revise the state's criminal code was not tough enough on drug crimes, and successfully lobbied to limit the reduction in sentencing of marijuana offenses.<ref>{{cite news |first=Brandon |last=Smith |url=http://indianapublicmedia.org/news/senators-marijuana-penalties-appease-governor-47265/ |title=Senators Up Marijuana Penalties to Appease the Governor |publisher=Indiana Public Media ([[WFIU]]/[[WTIU]]) |date=March 28, 2013 |access-date=May 19, 2017 |archive-date=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612070757/http://indianapublicmedia.org/news/senators-marijuana-penalties-appease-governor-47265/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | | Pence made tax reform, namely a 10% income-tax rate cut, a priority for 2013.<ref name=TWP14>Rucker, Philip (December 12, 2014) – [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/mike-pence-lays-out-a-vision-for-presidential-campaign-but-will-he-be-a-candidate/2014/12/11/0988c650-7cbd-11e4-84d4-7c896b90abdc_story.html "Mike Pence Lays Out Vision for a Presidential Campaign. But Will He Be a Candidate?"]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved January 1, 2015.</ref> |
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| In 2016, he signed into law a measure that would reinstate a ten-year [[mandatory minimum]] prison sentence for certain drug offenders.<ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Carden |url=http://wfhb.org/news/governor-pence-reinstates-mandatory-minimum-sentencing-for-drug-offenders/ |title=Pence reinstates mandatory minimum prison terms for some drug crimes |newspaper=The Times of Northwest Indiana |date=March 21, 2016 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://wfhb.org/news/governor-pence-reinstates-mandatory-minimum-sentencing-for-drug-offenders/ |title=Governor Pence Reinstates Mandatory Minimum Sentencing for Drug Offenders |publisher=[[WFHB]] |date=March 22, 2016 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }}</ref>
| | On March 26, 2015, Pence signed [[Indiana SB 101|Indiana Senate Bill 101]], also known as the Indiana "religious objections" bill (RFRA), into law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-indiana-religious-freedom-bill-sb101-pence-20150326-news|title=Indiana Gov. Pence defends religious objections law: 'This bill is not about discrimination' – The Chicago Tribune – 26 March 2015|publisher=}}</ref> The law's signing was met with widespread criticism by people and groups who felt the law was carefully worded in a way that would permit discrimination against [[LGBT]] persons.<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/29/us-usa-religion-indiana-idUSKBN0MO0RF20150329|title=Thousands march in Indiana to protest law seen targeting gays|publisher=Reuters|date=March 29, 2015|access-date=August 31, 2017|archive-date=March 29, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329032045/https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/29/us-usa-religion-indiana-idUSKBN0MO0RF20150329|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="huffporelig">{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/01/religious-groups-protest-rfra_n_6986002.html?utm_hp_ref=politics&ir=Politics|title=These Religious Groups Want Nothing To Do With Indiana's New Law|publisher=[[The Huffington Post]] |date=April 4, 2015}}</ref> |
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| During 2014, Pence sent a letter to United States attorney general [[Eric Holder]], saying Indiana would not comply with [[Prison Rape Elimination Act|federal prison rape elimination standards]] because they were "too expensive". According to the Indiana Department of Corrections, it would cost the state $15–20{{nbs}}million annually to comply with the guidelines. Pence said a number of rape prevention measures had already been "implemented".<ref>{{cite news |first=John |last=Tuohy |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/06/02/indiana-prison-rape-act/9896183/ |title=Ind. Governor: Prison Rape Prevention Rules Too Costly |newspaper=[[IndyStar]] |date=June 3, 2014 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }}</ref>
| | As of March 2016, Pence has attempted unsuccessfully to prevent [[Refugees of the Syrian Civil War|Syrian refugees]] from being resettled in Indiana.<ref>{{cite news|title=Exodus, continued: Indiana's governor is losing his fight to keep Syrian refugees away: Most other governors seem to have quietly dropped the matter|url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21694832-most-other-governors-seem-have-quietly-dropped-matter-indianas-governor-losing|accessdate=March 15, 2016|work=[[The Economist]]|date=March 14, 2016}}</ref> |
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| In 2015, Pence signed Senate Bill 94 to lengthen the statute of limitations for rape—continuing for five years after sufficient DNA evidence is uncovered, enough recorded evidence is brought forth or discovered, or the offender confesses to the crime.<ref name="indystar.com">{{cite news |first=Jacob |last=Rund |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2015/05/08/bills-gov-pence-signed-law/26977175/ |title=What Bills Has Gov. Pence Signed into Law? |newspaper=[[IndyStar]] |date=May 9, 2015 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }}</ref> Pence also signed Senate Bill{{nbs}}8 to allow the death penalty for beheadings if the victim was alive at the time of the offense.<ref name="indystar.com"/>{{clear left}}
| | Pence is running for a second term as governor. He was unopposed in the May 3, 2016, Republican primary for governor. He faces Democrat [[John R. Gregg|John Gregg]], former Speaker of the [[Indiana House of Representatives]], in a rematch of the 2012 race. Early reports on July 14 suggest Pence is likely to be announced as the VP candidate on July 15.<ref name="july15">Murphy, Patricia (July 14, 2016). [http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/mike-pence-chosen-as-trumps-v-p-nominee Trump to Pick Mike Pence, Says Source], ''Roll Call''</ref> |
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| ===Gambling=== | | ==2016 vice presidential nomination== |
| | {{main|2016 United States presidential election}} |
| | {{main|Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016}} |
| | In July 2016, Trump said that there was three people on his running mate shortlist: [[Chris Christie]], [[Newt Gingrich]] and Pence himself. On July 14, 2016, it was reported that Trump selected Pence as his running mate.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/07/14/report-pence-trumps-vp-pick/87075866/ |title=Pence is Trump's VP pick |authors=James Briggs and Tony Cook |work=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |date=July 14, 2016}}</ref> On July 15, 2016, Trump announced on his Twitter that Pence would be his running mate. He made a formal announcement in [[New York City]] on July 16, 2016. |
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| Pence has been an advocate of federal restrictions on online gambling. In 2006, he was one of 35 cosponsors of H.R. 4411, the Goodlatte–Leach Internet Gambling Prohibition Act,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:h.r.04411:|title=Thomas (Library of Congress): HR 4411|publisher=Thomas.loc.gov|access-date=November 5, 2010}}</ref> and H.R. 4777, the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:h.r.04777:|title=Thomas (Library of Congress): HR 4777|publisher=Thomas.loc.gov|access-date=November 5, 2010}}</ref> | | Trump would go on to defeat Clinton in the general election making Pence the [[Vice President of the United States|vice president-elect of the United States]]. |
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| ===Campaign finance=== | | == Vice President of the United States (2017–2021) == |
| | Pence was [[Inauguration of Donald Trump|inaugurated]] as the [[List of vice presidents of the United States|48th]] [[vice president of the United States]] after being sworn in by Associate Justice [[Clarence Thomas]] on January 20, 2017. |
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| Pence praised the 2010 Supreme Court ruling in ''[[Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission]]'' when it was announced. Pence said: | | On January 27, 2017, Pence spoke at the [[March for Life (Washington, D.C.)|March for Life]] in Washington D.C., becoming the first vice president and the highest ranking United States official to ever speak at the annual event.<ref name="BeaconHope">{{cite web | last1=Gaudiano | first1=Nicole | title=At Anti-Abortion Rally, Mike Pence is a Beacon of Hope | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/27/anti-abortion-rally-mike-pence-beacon-hope/97151584/ | date=January 27, 2017 | publisher=[[USA Today]] | accessdate=January 27, 2017}}</ref><ref name="HistoryProLife">{{cite news | last1=Fredericks | first1=Bob | title=Mike Pence Makes History by Rallying with Pro-Life Marchers | url=https://nypost.com/2017/01/27/mike-pence-will-make-history-by-rallying-with-pro-life-marchers/ | date=January 27, 2017 | newspaper=[[New York Post]] | accessdate=January 27, 2017}}</ref> |
| <blockquote>Freedom won today in the Supreme Court. Today's ruling in the Citizens United case takes us one step closer to the Founding Fathers' vision of free speech, a vision that is cherished by all Americans and one Congress has a responsibility to protect. If the freedom of speech means anything, it means protecting the right of private citizens to voice opposition or support for their elected representatives. The fact that the court overturned a 20-year precedent speaks volumes about the importance of this issue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://votesmart.org/public-statement/479161/pence-praises-supreme-court-decision-in-citizens-united-case#.V5qGa5OLSfQ|title=The Voter's Self Defense System|website=Project Vote Smart|language=en-US|access-date=July 28, 2016}}</ref></blockquote>
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| Pence described the [[Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act]], known as McCain–Feingold, which regulates the [[Campaign finance|financing of political campaigns]], as "oppressive restrictions on free speech".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://votesmart.org/public-statement/479161/pence-praises-supreme-court-decision-in-citizens-united-case#.V9rUI5MrJTZ|title=The Voter's Self Defense System|website=Project Vote Smart|language=en-US|access-date=September 15, 2016}}</ref>
| | Following the [[2021 storming of the United States Capitol|Trump-supporter storming]] of the [[United States Capitol]] on January 6, 2021 many politicians and lawyers wanted Pence to use the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|25th amendment]] of the [[United States Constitution]] to [[2021 efforts to remove Donald Trump from office|remove Trump]] from office.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Acosta|first=Jim|last2=Brown|first2=Pamela|date=10 January 2021|title=Pence has not ruled out 25th Amendment, source says|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/09/politics/mike-pence-25th-amendment/index.html|access-date=10 January 2021|website=CNN}}</ref> |
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| ===Racial views===
| | Despite Trump's wanting to overturn the election results, Pence, as President of the Senate [[2021 United States Electoral College vote count|certified]] the Biden–Harris ticket as the winner of the election. He was criticized by Trump and threatened with violence by some of Trump's supporters, especially during [[2021 United States Capitol attack|the U.S. Capitol attack]], for not trying to [[Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election|overturn the election results]]. |
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| [[File:Vice President Pence in Ohio (50057856658).jpg|thumb|Pence speaks to police officers in [[Youngstown, Ohio]], June 25, 2020.]]
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| On June 19, 2020—the [[Juneteenth|Juneteenth holiday]], and the day before a significant Trump rally held at the [[BOK Center]] in [[Tulsa, Oklahoma]]—a television journalist asked Pence if he would say the words ''[[black lives matter]]''. Pence replied that [[all lives matter]]. Pence added that no significant U.S. group would disagree, as he saw it, about "the preciousness and importance of every human life".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mosbergen|first=Dominique|date=June 19, 2020|title=Pressed Repeatedly To Say 'Black Lives Matter,' Mike Pence Says 'All Lives Matter'|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mike-pence-black-lives-matter-all-lives-matter-interview_n_5eed556bc5b6c86872f8be62|access-date=June 20, 2020|website=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> He denounced the [[police abolition movement]] when speaking to a police union rally in [[Philadelphia]] in July 2020, commenting how "[w]e also don't need to choose between supporting our police and supporting African American families here in Philadelphia or anywhere in America. We can do both. We have done both."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fox29.com/news/pence-rallies-support-from-police-at-back-the-blue-event-in-northeast-philadelphia|title=Pence rallies support from police at 'Back the Blue' event in Northeast Philadelphia|publisher=FOX 29 Philadelphia|date=July 9, 2020|access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref>
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| ===Presidential impeachment===
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| In the late 1990s, Pence supported the [[impeachment of President Bill Clinton]]. Arguing for the moral requirements of the office of the presidency, Pence wrote that an American president with "bad moral habits" can "incinerate the planet", thus nothing less than a president who represents "all of our highest hopes and ideals and values" could be accepted. Pence also brought up "staggering rates of illegitimacy and divorce", mandating that "America needs to be able to look to her First Family as role models."<ref name=moral1>{{cite web |last1=Kaczynski |first1=Andrew |title=Mike Pence's moral case for removing a president from office |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/06/politics/kfile-mike-pence-moral-columns/index.html |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=August 27, 2018}}</ref><ref name=moral2>{{cite magazine |last1=Holter |first1=Lauren |title=Mike Pence Quotes About Impeachment Reveal What He Really Thinks Of Presidents Having Affairs |url=https://www.bustle.com/p/mike-pence-quotes-about-impeachment-reveal-what-he-really-thinks-of-presidents-having-affairs-10026765 |magazine=[[Bustle (magazine)|Bustle]] |access-date=August 27, 2018}}</ref>
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| ==Personal life== | | ==Personal life== |
| | Pence and his wife [[Karen Pence]] have been married since 1985. They have three children: Michael, Charlotte, and Audrey. Pence is a [[born-again Christian]]. His brother, [[Greg Pence|Greg]], is the member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. |
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| | In May 2021, the Pences bought a home north of [[Indianapolis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/politics/mike-karen-pence-new-home-near-indianapolis/|title=Mike and Karen Pence Purchase New Home Near Indianapolis: 'Good to Be Back'|publisher=People|date=May 26, 2021|access-date=May 26, 2021}}</ref> |
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| | caption1 = Mike and [[Karen Pence]] with their children and daughter-in-law at the 2017 Presidential Inauguration Parade
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| | caption2 = Mike, Karen and [[Charlotte Pence Bond|Charlotte Pence]] with former [[President of the United States|president]] [[George H. W. Bush]] and former [[First Lady of the United States|first lady]] [[Barbara Bush]] at [[Super Bowl LI]], 2017
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| Mike and Karen Pence have been married since 1985. The two met while he was in law school at [[Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law|Indiana University]].<ref name=":0" /> They have three children: Michael, [[Charlotte Pence Bond|Charlotte]], and Audrey.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/07/14/who-mike-pence/87081218/ |title=Who Is Mike Pence? |newspaper=Indianapolis Star |date=July 14, 2016 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Julia |last=Moffitt |url=http://www.wthr.com/story/20585449/pence-family-comes-home-to-indiana |title=Pence family comes home to Indiana |publisher=[[WTHR]] |date=January 14, 2013 |access-date=May 19, 2017 |archive-date=July 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705045859/http://www.wthr.com/story/20585449/pence-family-comes-home-to-indiana |url-status=dead }}</ref> During Pence's service in the House, his family lived in [[Arlington, Virginia]] when Congress was in session and in [[Columbus, Indiana]], during recesses.<ref name="Cuetara 2016"/><ref name="House bio"/> Pence's son, Michael, is a first lieutenant and training to be a pilot in the [[United States Marine Corps]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/story/military/2015/03/20/indiana-gov-pence-attends-sons-commissioning-as-marine-corps-officer/25111745/|title=Indiana Gov. Pence attends son's commissioning as Marine Corps officer|newspaper=Marine Corps Times|date=March 20, 2015|access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tomlinson|first=Lucas|title=Navy instructor pilots refusing to fly over safety concerns; Pence's son affected|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/04/04/navy-instructor-pilots-refusing-to-fly-over-safety-concerns-pences-son-affected.html|publisher=Fox News|date=April 4, 2017|access-date=April 4, 2017}}</ref> Pence has five siblings. His oldest brother, [[Greg Pence|Greg]], ran in 2018 to represent [[Indiana's 6th congressional district]] in Congress (the seat previously held by Mike), and won.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tackett|first1=Michael|title=As Another Pence Runs for Congress, His Business Record Raises Questions|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/22/us/politics/pence-brother-congress-business-record.html|access-date=April 22, 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 22, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.in.gov/sos/elections/2400.htm |title=Indiana Election Results |publisher=Indiana Secretary of State |access-date=November 25, 2018 }}</ref> Pence's father died in 1988, leaving his mother, Nancy, a widow with four grown children and two teenagers. On May 1, 2004, Pence's mother married Basil Coolidge Fritsch, a widower since 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/chicagotribune/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=45868|title=Mary Jean Fritsch|date=April 8, 2001|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=September 1, 2018|via=Legacy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://famouskin.com/family-group.php?name=62191+mike+pence&ahnum=3|title=Mike Pence Family Group {{!}} Ann Jane Cawley {{!}} Ahnentafel No: 3 (62191)|website=famouskin.com|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref>
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| | |
| The Pences' pet rabbit [[Marlon Bundo]] was featured in two children's books, both released in March 2018. ''[[A Day in the Life of Marlon Bundo]]'' was written by [[Jill Twiss]] and released on March 18, 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2018/03/19/john-olivers-book-marlon-bundo-comey-memoir-top-amazon-bestseller-list/437595002/ |title=John Oliver's book about Marlon Bundo, Comey memoir top Amazon bestseller list |first=Jessica |last=Estepa |newspaper=USA Today |date=March 19, 2018 |access-date=September 1, 2018 }}</ref> ''[[Marlon Bundo's: A Day in the Life of the Vice President]]'' was written by his daughter [[Charlotte Pence Bond|Charlotte]] and released on March 19, 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/15/politics/marlon-bundo-book-mike-pence-rabbit/index.html|title=Vice president's pet rabbit hops into book deal|last=Klein|first=Betsy|work=CNN|date=September 15, 2017|access-date=February 15, 2018}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| Pence was raised in a Catholic family, served as an [[altar server]], and attended parochial school.<ref name="McFarlanKimberly">{{cite news |first1=Emily McFarlan |last1=Miller |first2=Winston |last2=Kimberly |url=http://religionnews.com/2016/07/14/5-faith-facts-on-mike-pence-a-born-again-evangelical-catholic/ |title=5 faith facts on "Mike Pence: A 'born-again, evangelical Catholic |newspaper=[[Religion News Service]] |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=May 19, 2017 |url-access=registration }} [https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/5-faith-facts-mike-pence-born-again-evangelical-catholic Also published] the same date in the ''[[National Catholic Reporter]]''.</ref><ref name="BoorsteinReligion">{{cite news |first=Michelle |last=Boorstein |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2016/07/15/what-it-means-that-mike-pence-called-himself-an-evangelical-catholic/ |title=What it means that Mike Pence called himself an 'evangelical Catholic |newspaper=Washington Post |date=July 15, 2016 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }}</ref> He became a [[born-again Christian]] in college, while a member of a [[nondenominational Christian]] student group, and identified his first year—and specifically "a Christian music festival in Asbury, Kentucky, in the spring of 1978"<ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Gryboski |url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/5-things-to-know-about-mike-pence-166497/# |title=5 Things to Know About Mike Pence |newspaper=Christian Post |date=July 14, 2016 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }}</ref> referring to the [[Ichthus Music Festival]] at then [[Asbury University|Asbury College]] in [[Wilmore, Kentucky]]—as the moment he made a "commitment to Christ".<ref name="McFarlanKimberly"/><ref name="BoorsteinReligion"/> After that point, Pence continued to attend [[Mass (Catholic Church)|Mass]] (where he met his wife) and was a [[Catholic youth work|Catholic youth minister]].<ref name="BoorsteinReligion"/> Pence called himself Catholic in a 1994 news piece, although by 1995, he and his family had joined an [[Evangelical Christian|evangelical]] [[megachurch]], the Grace Evangelical Church.<ref name="McFarlanKimberly"/><ref name="BoorsteinReligion"/> In 2013, Pence said his family was "kind of looking for a church".<ref name="McFarlanKimberly"/> He has described himself as "a Christian, a conservative and a Republican, in that order", and as "a born-again, [[Evangelical Catholic#Catholic Church|evangelical Catholic]]".<ref name="McFarlanKimberly"/><ref name="BoorsteinReligion"/>
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| When asked by [[Chris Matthews]] in 2009 if he believed in [[evolution]], Pence said "I believe with all my heart that God created the heavens and the earth, the seas and all that is in them. How he did that, I'll ask him about some day."<ref name="FortuneScience" /><ref name="Pence"/> In a 2002 statement on the [[Floor (legislative)|floor]] of the House of Representatives (reported in the ''[[Congressional Record]]''), Pence told his colleagues "...{{nbs}}I also believe that someday scientists will come to see that only the theory of [[intelligent design]] provides even a remotely rational explanation for the known universe."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/crec/2002/07/11/CREC-2002-07-11-pt1-PgH4527.pdf |title=Theory of the Origins of Man |work=Congressional Record |date=July 11, 2002 |access-date=May 19, 2017 }} (statement of Rep. Pence).</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=lowkell|title=Mike Pence Denies Evolution Because It's 'Just a Theory'|date=October 6, 2016|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cv1v-ziuSFg|access-date=December 28, 2016}}</ref>
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| | |
| ==Electoral history==
| |
| ===House of Representatives===
| |
| ====1988====
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change|title=Indiana's 2nd Congressional District Election (1988)<ref>{{cite web
| |
| |url=http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/fe1988/federalelections88.pdf|title=Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives|last1=Thomas|first1=Richard C.|date=June 1989|publisher=Federal Election Commission|access-date=July 15, 2016}}</ref>}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Philip R. Sharp|votes=116,915|percentage=53.20}}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Mike Pence|votes=102,846|percentage=46.80}}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| |votes=219,761|percentage=100.00}}
| |
| {{Election box turnout no change
| |
| |votes=291,761|percentage=}}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| ====1990====
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change|title=Indiana's 2nd Congressional District Election (1990)<ref>{{cite web
| |
| |url=http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/fe1990/federalelections90.pdf|title=Federal Elections 90 Election Results for the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives|last1=Thomas|first1=Richard C.|date=April 1991|publisher=Federal Election Commission|access-date=July 15, 2016}}</ref>}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Philip R. Sharp|votes=93,495|percentage=59.37}}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Mike Pence|votes=63,980|percentage=40.63}}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| |votes=157,475|percentage=100.00}}
| |
| {{Election box turnout no change
| |
| |votes=157,475|percentage=}}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| ====2000====
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change| title=Indiana's 2nd Congressional District Election (2000)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/2000election.pdf |title=Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 2000 |access-date=December 13, 2016 |publisher=Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives |date=June 21, 2001 }}</ref>}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| | party = Republican Party (United States)
| |
| | candidate = Mike Pence
| |
| | votes = 106,023
| |
| | percentage = 50.87
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change
| |
| | party = Democratic Party (United States)
| |
| | candidate = Robert Rock
| |
| | votes = 80,885
| |
| | percentage = 38.81
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change
| |
| | party = Independent (politician)|candidate=William "Bill" Frazier
| |
| |votes = 19,077
| |
| | percentage = 9.15
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change
| |
| | party=Libertarian Party (United States)|candidate=Michael E. Anderson|votes=2,422|percentage =1.16
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| |votes=208,407|percentage=100.00}}
| |
| {{Election box turnout no change
| |
| |votes=208,407|percentage=}}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| ====2002====
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change|title=Indiana's 6th Congressional District Republican Primary Election (2002)<ref name=2002report>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2002_ELECTION_BOOKLET.pdf |title=2002 Indiana Election Report |publisher=Indiana Election Division |access-date=March 11, 2017 |pages=7, 59, 67, 111|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510225940/http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2002_ELECTION_BOOKLET.pdf|archive-date=May 10, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Mike Pence|votes=55,142|percentage=100.00}}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| |votes=55,142|percentage=100.00}}
| |
| {{Election box turnout no change
| |
| |votes=55,142|percentage=22}}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change|title=Indiana's 6th Congressional District Election (2002)<ref name=2002report />}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Mike Pence|votes=118,436|percentage=63.79}}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Melina Ann Fox|votes=63,871|percentage=34.40
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Libertarian Party (United States)|candidate=Doris Robertson|votes=3,346|percentage=1.80
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| |votes=185,653|percentage=100.00}}
| |
| {{Election box turnout no change
| |
| |votes=185,653|percentage=39}}
| |
| {{Election box hold with party link without swing
| |
| |winner=Republican Party (United States)}}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| ====2004====
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change|title=Indiana's 6th Congressional District Republican Primary Election (2004)<ref name=2004report>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/AR-M550N_20120328_154342.pdf |title=2004 Indiana Election Report |publisher=Indiana Election Division |access-date=March 11, 2017 |pages=14, 49, 78 }}</ref>}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Mike Pence|votes=61,794|percentage=100.00}}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| |votes=61,794|percentage=100.00}}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change|title=Indiana's 6th Congressional District Election (2004)<ref name=2004report />}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Mike Pence|votes=182,529|percentage=67.09}}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Melina Ann Fox|votes=85,123|percentage=31.29
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Libertarian Party (United States)|candidate=Chad (Wick) Roots|votes=4,397|percentage=1.62
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| |votes=272,049|percentage=100.00}}
| |
| {{Election box turnout no change
| |
| |votes=272,049|percentage=58}}
| |
| {{Election box hold with party link without swing
| |
| |winner=Republican Party (United States)}}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| ====2006====
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change|title=Indiana's 6th Congressional District Republican Primary Election (2006)<ref name=2006report>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2006_Election_Report.pdf |title=2006 Indiana Election Report |publisher=Indiana Election Division |date=March 28, 2007 |access-date=January 24, 2017 |pages=10, 62, 69–70, 110 }}</ref>}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Mike Pence|votes=52,188|percentage=86.13}}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=George Holland|votes=8,406|percentage=13.87
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| |votes=60,594|percentage=100.00}}
| |
| {{Election box turnout no change
| |
| |votes=60,594|percentage=19}}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change| title=Indiana's 6th Congressional District Election (2006)<ref name=2006report />}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party = Republican Party (United States)
| |
| |candidate = Mike Pence
| |
| |votes = 115,266
| |
| |percentage = 60.01
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party = Democratic Party (United States)
| |
| |candidate = Barry A. Welsh
| |
| |votes = 76,812
| |
| |percentage = 39.99
| |
| | |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| |votes = 192,078
| |
| |percentage = 100.00
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box turnout no change
| |
| |votes = 192,078
| |
| |percentage = 40
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box hold with party link without swing
| |
| |winner=Republican Party (United States)}}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| ====2008====
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change|title=Indiana's 6th Congressional District Republican Primary Election (2008)<ref name=2008report />}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party = Republican Party (United States)
| |
| |candidate = Mike Pence
| |
| |votes = 46,488
| |
| |percentage = 100.00
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| |votes = 46,488
| |
| |percentage = 100.00
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box turnout no change
| |
| |votes = 46,488
| |
| |percentage = 40
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change| title=Indiana's 6th Congressional District Election (2008)<ref name=2008report>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/AR-M550N_20120404_152743.pdf |title=2008 Indiana Election Report |publisher=Indiana Election Division |date=May 24, 2009 |access-date=January 24, 2017 |pages=14, 56, 66–67, 104 }}</ref>}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party = Republican Party (United States)
| |
| |candidate = Mike Pence*
| |
| |votes = 180,549
| |
| |percentage = 63.96
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party = Democratic Party (United States)
| |
| |candidate = Barry A. Welsh
| |
| |votes = 94,223
| |
| |percentage = 33.38
| |
| | |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party = Libertarian Party (United States)
| |
| |candidate = George T. Holland
| |
| |votes = 7,534
| |
| |percentage = 2.67
| |
| | |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| |votes = 282,306
| |
| |percentage = 100.00
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box turnout no change
| |
| |votes = 282,306
| |
| |percentage = 62
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box hold with party link without swing
| |
| |winner = Republican Party (United States)
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| ====2010====
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change|title=Indiana's 6th Congressional District Republican Primary Election (2010)<ref name=2010report>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/files/2010_ELECTION_RESULTS_155618.pdf |title=2010 Indiana Election Report |publisher=Indiana Election Division |pages=15, 61, 69, 111 |access-date=March 11, 2017}}</ref>}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party = Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Mike Pence|votes=61,381|percentage=100.00}}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| |votes = 61,381|percentage=100.00}}
| |
| {{Election box turnout no change
| |
| |votes = 61,381
| |
| |percentage = 21}}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change| title=Indiana's 6th Congressional District Election (2010)<ref name=2010report />}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party = Republican Party (United States)
| |
| |candidate = Mike Pence*
| |
| |votes = 126,027
| |
| |percentage = 66.57
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party = Democratic Party (United States)
| |
| |candidate = Barry A. Welsh
| |
| |votes = 56,647
| |
| |percentage = 29.92
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Libertarian Party (United States)|candidate=Talmage "T.J." Thompson, Jr.
| |
| |votes = 6,635
| |
| |percentage = 3.51
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| |percentage = 100.00
| |
| |votes=189,309
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box turnout no change
| |
| |votes=189,309
| |
| |percentage = 41
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box hold with party link without swing
| |
| |winner=Republican Party (United States)
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| ===Governor of Indiana===
| |
| ====2012====
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change
| |
| |title=[[Indiana gubernatorial election, 2012|2012 Indiana Republican gubernatorial election primary]]<ref name=INSOS_primary>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/apps/sos/primary/sos_primary12?page=office&countyID=-1&partyID=-1&officeID=37&districtID=-1&districtshortviewID=-1&candidate=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018121914/http://www.in.gov/apps/sos/primary/sos_primary12?page=office&countyID=-1&partyID=-1&officeID=37&districtID=-1&districtshortviewID=-1&candidate=|url-status=dead|title=Indiana Primary Election, May 8, 2012-United States Senator|date=June 5, 2012|access-date=June 11, 2012|work=[[Secretary of State of Indiana]]|archive-date = October 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/primary12/2012PrimaryElectionTurnoutandAbsenteeChart.pdf |title=2012 Primary Election Turnout and Registration |date=May 8, 2012 |access-date=March 12, 2017 |publisher=Indiana Secretary of State }}</ref>}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| |party = Republican Party (United States)
| |
| |candidate = Mike Pence
| |
| |votes = 554,412
| |
| |percentage = 100.00
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| |votes = 554,412
| |
| |percentage = 100.00
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box turnout no change
| |
| |votes = 554,412
| |
| |percentage = 22
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| {{Election box begin |title=[[Indiana gubernatorial election, 2012|2012 Indiana gubernatorial election]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/apps/sos/election/general/general2012?page=office&countyID=-1&officeID=37&districtID=-1&candidate= |title=Election Results |publisher=Indiana Secretary of State |date=November 28, 2012 |access-date=March 12, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/2012_General_Election_Turnout_and_Absentee_Report.pdf |title=2012 General Election Turnout and Registration |date=November 6, 2012 |access-date=March 12, 2017 |publisher=Indiana Secretary of State }}</ref>}}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link
| |
| |party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Mike Pence / [[Sue Ellspermann]]|votes=1,275,424|percentage=49.49%|change=}}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link
| |
| |party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[John R. Gregg|John Gregg]] / [[Vi Simpson]]|votes=1,200,016|percentage=46.56%|change=}}
| |
| {{Election box candidate with party link
| |
| |party=Libertarian Party (United States)|candidate=[[Rupert Boneham]] / Brad Klopfenstein|votes=101,868|percentage=3.95%|change=}}
| |
| {{Election box candidate
| |
| |party=''No party''|candidate=Donnie Harold Harris / George Fish ([[Write-in candidate|write-in]])|votes=21|percentage=0%|change=—}}
| |
| {{Election box margin of victory
| |
| |votes=75,408|percentage=2.93%|change=%}}
| |
| {{Election box turnout
| |
| |votes=2,577,329|percentage=''56.58%''|change=}}
| |
| {{Election box hold with party link
| |
| |winner=Republican Party (United States)|swing=}}
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| {{Election box end}}
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|
| |
|
| ====2016====
| | In April 2021, Pence had [[heart]] [[surgery]] to have a [[pacemaker]] implanted to help stop his slow heart rate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/15/politics/mike-pence-pacemaker/index.html|title=Pence underwent successful surgery to have a pacemaker implanted|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=April 15, 2021|accessdate=April 30, 2021}}</ref> |
| | |
| {{Election box begin no change
| |
| | title = [[Indiana gubernatorial election, 2016|2016 Indiana Republican gubernatorial election primary]]<ref name=primaryresults>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/apps/sos/primary/sos_primary16?page=office&countyID=-1&partyID=-1&officeID=37&districtID=-1&districtshortviewID=-1&candidate= |title= Indiana Primary Election, May 3, 2016 |publisher=Indiana Secretary of State |access-date=July 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/primary16/2016PrimaryTurnout.pdf |title=2016 Primary Election Turnout and Registration |date=May 3, 2016 |access-date=March 12, 2017 |publisher=Indiana Secretary of State }}</ref>
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| |
| | candidate = Mike Pence
| |
| | party = Republican Party (United States)
| |
| | votes = 815,699
| |
| | percentage = 100
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box total no change
| |
| | votes = 815,699
| |
| | percentage = 100
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box turnout no change
| |
| |votes = 815,699
| |
| |percentage = 38
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Election box end}}
| |
| | |
| ===Vice president of the United States===
| |
| | |
| {|class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align: center;"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="12" | Election results
| |
| |-
| |
| !Year
| |
| !Election
| |
| !Votes for Pence
| |
| !%
| |
| !Opponent
| |
| !Party
| |
| !Votes
| |
| !%
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[2016 United States presidential election|2016]]
| |
| |General | |
| |{{Party shading/Republican}} |62,984,825<br/>('''304''' electoral votes)<br/>(270 needed)
| |
| |{{Party shading/Republican}} |46.1% | |
| |{{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Tim Kaine]]
| |
| |{{Party shading/Democratic}} |Democratic
| |
| |{{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''65,853,516'''<br/>(227 electoral votes)
| |
| |{{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''48.2%'''<br/>---
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[2020 United States presidential election|2020]]
| |
| |General
| |
| |{{Party shading/Republican}} |74,216,747<br/>(232 electoral votes)<br/>(270 needed)
| |
| |{{Party shading/Republican}} |46.8%
| |
| |{{Party shading/Democratic}} |[[Kamala Harris]]
| |
| |{{Party shading/Democratic}} |Democratic
| |
| |{{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''81,268,867'''<br/>('''306''' electoral votes)
| |
| |{{Party shading/Democratic}} |'''51.3%'''<br/>---
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ==Notes==
| |
| {{reflist|group=lower-alpha|refs=
| |
| | |
| }}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| | | {{reflist|2}} |
| {{reflist}} | |
| | |
| ==Further reading==
| |
| | |
| * {{cite magazine |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/01/gods-plan-for-mike-pence/546569/ |title=God's Plan for Mike Pence |first=McKay |last=Coppins |magazine=[[The Atlantic]] |publisher=[[Atlantic Media]] |location=Washington, D.C. |year=2018}}
| |
| * {{cite book |last=LoBianco|first=Tom |year=2019 |title=Piety & Power: Mike Pence and the Taking of the White House |location=New York |publisher=[[HarperCollins|Dey Street Books]] |isbn=978-0-06-286878-7|ref=none}}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==External links== | | ==External links== |
| | | {{commonscat}} |
| {{sisterlinks|d=Q24313|c=Category:Mike Pence|s=Author:Michael Richard Pence|v=no|voy=no|b=no|wikt=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no|n=Category:Mike Pence}} | | * [http://www.mikepence.com/ Mike Pence for Governor] |
| * [http://www.in.gov/governorhistory/mikepence/2358.htm Governor Mike Pence] official government website | | * {{Dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/Indiana/Government/Executive/Governor_Mike_Pence}} |
| * {{Curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Indiana/Government/Executive/Governor_Mike_Pence}} | |
| * {{C-SPAN|Mike Pence}} | | * {{C-SPAN|Mike Pence}} |
| * [http://ballotpedia.org/Mike_Pence Profile] at [[Ballotpedia]] | | * [http://ballotpedia.org/Mike_Pence Profile] at [[Ballotpedia]] |
| * [https://www.politifact.com/personalities/mike-pence/statements/by/ Mike Pence's statements] at [[Politifact]] | | ;Articles |
| * {{YouTube|id=fSzy552TdB4|title="Piety & Power" author gives CBSN an inside look into Mike Pence's rise to the top of politics}}, published September 30, 2019 [[CBS News]]
| | * [http://topics.indystar.com/Mike_Pence/ Collected news and commentary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031051347/http://topics.indystar.com/Mike_Pence/ |date=2012-10-31 }} at ''[[The Indianapolis Star]]'' |
| | |
| ===Articles===
| |
| | |
| * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121031051347/http://topics.indystar.com/Mike_Pence/ Collected news and commentary] at ''[[The Indianapolis Star]]''
| |
| * [http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=1124 Candidate information] from ''Our Campaigns'' | | * [http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=1124 Candidate information] from ''Our Campaigns'' |
| | | ;Congress |
| ===Congress===
| | {{CongLinks | congbio = p000587 | rollcall = 7522 | govtrack = 400315 | opencong = 400315 | natjournal = 387 | legistorm = 417/Rep_Mike_Pence.html | fec = H8IN02060 | opensecrets = N00003765 }} |
| | |
| {{CongLinks |congbio=p000587|fec=H8IN02060}} | |
| * [http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Mike_Pence Profile] at [[SourceWatch]] | | * [http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Mike_Pence Profile] at [[SourceWatch]] |
|
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|
| {{s-start}} | | {{USVicePresidents}} |
| {{s-par|us-hs}}
| |
| {{s-bef|before=[[David M. McIntosh]]}}
| |
| {{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Indiana|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[Indiana's 2nd congressional district]]|years=2001–2003}}
| |
| {{s-aft|after=[[Chris Chocola]]}}
| |
| | |
| {{s-bef|before=[[Dan Burton]]}}
| |
| {{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Indiana|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[Indiana's 6th congressional district]]|years=2003–2013}}
| |
| {{s-aft|after=[[Luke Messer]]}}
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| | |
| {{s-ppo}}
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| {{s-bef|before=[[Sue Myrick]]}}
| |
| {{s-ttl|title=Chair of the [[Republican Study Committee]]|years=2005–2007}}
| |
| {{s-aft|after=[[Jeb Hensarling]]|rows=2}}
| |
| | |
| {{s-bef|before=[[Adam Putnam]]}}
| |
| {{s-ttl|title=[[Chair of the House Republican Conference]]|years=2009–2011}}
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| | |
| {{s-bef|before=[[Mitch Daniels]]}}
| |
| {{s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee for Governor of Indiana|years=[[Indiana gubernatorial election, 2012|2012]], [[Indiana gubernatorial election, 2016|2016]] (withdrew)}}
| |
| {{s-aft|after=[[Eric Holcomb]]}}
| |
| | |
| {{s-bef|before=[[Paul Ryan]]}}
| |
| {{s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for Vice President of the United States|years=[[2016 United States presidential election|2016]], [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]]}}
| |
| {{s-inc|recent}}
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| | |
| {{s-off}}
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| {{s-bef|before=[[Mitch Daniels]]}}
| |
| {{s-ttl|title=[[Governor of Indiana]]|years=2013–2017}}
| |
| {{s-aft|after=[[Eric Holcomb]]}}
| |
| | |
| {{s-bef|before=[[Joe Biden]]}}
| |
| {{s-ttl|title=[[Vice President of the United States]]|years=2017–2021}}
| |
| {{s-aft|after=[[Kamala Harris]]}}
| |
| | |
| {{s-prec|usa}}
| |
| {{s-bef|before=[[Dick Cheney]]|as = Former Vice President}}
| |
| {{s-ttl|title=Current [[United States order of precedence]]<br/>''Former Vice President''}}
| |
| {{s-aft|after=[[Ambassadors of the United States]]}}
| |
| {{s-end}}
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| | |
| {{Mike Pence}}
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| {{Navboxes
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Pence, Mike}} | | {{DEFAULTSORT:Pence, Mike}} |
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