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| {{About|the city in India|the city in Kenya|Mulukbu}} | | {{Wiktionary}} |
| {{more citations needed|date=September 2011}}
| | '''Sudi''' may refer to: |
| {{Infobox settlement
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| |name = Sudi
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| |native_name =
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| |native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
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| |settlement_type = Panchayat town
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| |image_skyline = SudiJoduKalasadaGudi.jpg
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| |imagesize =
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| |image_alt =
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| |image_caption = Twin Towered Temple at Sudi
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| |image_flag =
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| |image_shield =
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| |etymology =
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| |motto =
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| |image_map = Western Chalukya Monuments.svg
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| |map_alt =
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| |map_caption = Core area of [[Western Chalukya]] architectural activity in modern [[Karnataka]] state, [[India]]
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| |pushpin_map =
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| |pushpin_map_alt =
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| |pushpin_map_caption =
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| |pushpin_label_position =
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| |coordinates = <!-- {{coord|latitude|longitude|type:city|display=inline,title}} -->
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| |coor_pinpoint =
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| |coordinates_footnotes =
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| |subdivision_type = Country
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| |subdivision_name = India
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| |subdivision_type1 = State
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| |subdivision_name1 = Karnataka
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| |subdivision_type2 = District
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| |subdivision_name2 = Gadag
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| |unit_pref = Metric
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| <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
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| <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
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| |area_footnotes =
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| |area_urban_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
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| |area_rural_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
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| |area_metro_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
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| |area_magnitude = <!-- <ref> </ref> -->
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| |area_rank =
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| <!-- square kilometers -->
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| |area_total_km2 = 5.3
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| <!-- hectares -->
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| |dimensions_footnotes =
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| |elevation_footnotes =
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| |elevation_m = 586
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| |population_footnotes =
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| |population_as_of = 2001
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| |population_total = 6000
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| |population_density_km2 = auto
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| }}
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| {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
| | ==People== |
| {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
| | * [[Abdullahi Sudi Arale]] |
| '''Sudi''', is a [[panchayat town]] in the [[Gadag District]] of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. It is about 30 km from [[Badami]], 12 km from [[Gajendragad]] and 3 km from [[Itagi Bhimambika]] temple. In the past it was an important town of the [[Western Chalukya Empire|Kalyani Chalukyas]] during 1000 AD. It is notable for rare stone carved monuments like ''Twin towered temple, Mallikarjuna temple and nagakunda (large well built of stone and carvings)'', and few other structural temples. For long time these structures were abandoned, but recently they caught the eye of the Indian Archaeological Department (ASI - [[Archaeological Survey of India]]).
| | * [[Ahmed Sudi]], 16th-century Bosnian commentator under the Ottoman Empire |
| | * [[Haji Sudi]], leader of the Somali Dervish movement |
| | * [[Musa Sudi Yalahow]], Somali politician |
| | * [[Oscar Sudi]], Kenyan politician |
| | * [[Sudi Devanesen]] |
| | * [[Sudi Silalahi]] (1949–2021), Indonesian politician |
| | * [[Sudi Özkan]], Turkish businessman |
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| ==History== | | ==Places== |
| | * [[Sudi, India]], panchayat town in the Gadag District of Karnataka, India |
| | * Sudi or [[Mulukbu]], Kenya |
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| Sudi belongs to the core area of Western Chalukya architectural activity in modern [[Karnataka]] (particularly [[North Karnataka]]).
| | {{dab}} |
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| ''Padevala Taila'' (son of '''Nagadeva'''), continued to serve under ''Satyashraya'' (succeeded his father Taila in 997 AD) and his mother ''Attiyabbe'' made a grant in ''1005 A.D''. Satyashraya had two daughters. ''Vradhamabbarasi'' and '''Akkadevi''' and one son Kundin
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| (''Kundiraja''). '''Akkadevi''' was a ''good administrator''<ref name="maharashtra.gov.in">{{cite web
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| |url= http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/History-I/chapter_9.pdf
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| |title=Chapter 9. The Calukyas and the Kalacuryas of Kalyani. History – Ancient Period, Chalukya
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| |access-date=2009-03-10}}</ref> and was governing some division
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| during the time of ''Satyashraya'' and his successors. Kundiraja was placed in charge of divisions like [[Banavasi]] 12,000 and ''Santalige'' 1,000.
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| '''Akkadevi''' and ''Kundin'', continued to govern (dating 8_October_1013 AD) some provinces of the [[Chalukya Empire]] during the reign of [[Vikramaditya]].
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| Sudi was the capital of the [[Kalyani Chalukyas]] in 1100 AD.<ref>{{cite web
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| |url= https://archive.org/stream/epigraphiaindica014773mbp/epigraphiaindica014773mbp_djvu.txt
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| |title=No. 15, RON INSCRIPTION OF TURiGAVEDENGA. 387, The Bali-vamsa is mentioned again in an inscription of A.D. 1113 or 1114 at Sudi
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| |access-date=2009-03-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
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| |url= http://tourism-karnataka.com/sudi.htm
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| |title=Sudi
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| |access-date=2009-03-09}}</ref> [[Kalyani Chalukyas]] king's daughter Akkadevi ruled the place. There are also historical records indicating that coins were manufactured (mint)<ref>{{cite web
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| |url= http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_11/introduction2.html
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| |title=south indian inscriptions, introduction2, mint at sudi
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| |access-date=2009-03-09}}</ref> in this town during that time.
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| ===Coinage===
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| During Western Chalukyas (973 – 1189 south), The [[Alupas]], a feudatory, minted coins with the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] and [[Nāgarī script|Nagari]] legend Sri ''Pandya Dhanamjaya''. [[Lakkundi]] and Sudi in Gadag district were the main mints<ref>{{cite web
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| |url= http://www.wyki.org/Indian_coinage
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| |title=Indian coinage, Western Chalukyas 973 – 1189 south
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| |access-date=2009-03-09}}</ref> (''Tankhashaley'') .
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| Their heaviest gold coin was ''Gadyanaka'' (weighed 96 grains), Dramma (weighted 65 grains), Kalanju
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| (48 grains), Kasu (15 grains), Manjadi (2.5 grains), Akkam (1.25 grains) and Pana (9.6 grain).
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| ===Shaivism, Pasupata school===
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| [[Shaivism]] gained importance and [[Jainism]] lost towards the closing years of the [[Chalukya]] rule. Shaivism was dominant, and had several sects like [[Shaiva]], Pasupata or Lakula, Kalamukha and Kapaliaka. The Pasupata school was important and had important centers at [[Balligavi]], '''Sudi''',<ref>{{cite book
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| |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA392&lpg=PA392&dq=sudi+Chalukya+history&source=bl&ots=4Zu57JzN4t&sig=APpPNxF2CCTXZf_mrUsJPnxlUdY&hl=en&ei=k1W2SYq5L4-Etgeiw9yqCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result
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| |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization
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| |publisher= By Sailendra Nath Sen
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| |access-date=2009-03-09}}</ref> [[Srisailam]] and other places.
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| ===Inscriptions===
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| The [[Cholas]] claim to have captured a large number of [[Chalukya]] feudatory princes with their women and sacked and burnt ''Mannandippai''. The [[Chalukya]] reverses are admitted in a '''Sudi inscription''',<ref name="maharashtra.gov.in"/> dated in ''1050 A.D.'', of the reign of ''Someshvara''. It says that ''the 7 ministers granted the ''settis renewal'' of their corporate constitution (which had partly broken down in the stress of the war with the [[Cholas]])''.
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| The [[Chola]] king was killed at ''Koppam'', but the [[Chalukyas]] were also pushed back from
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| there by ''Rajendra''. Soon after the [[Chalukyas]] raided [[Kanchi]], the [[Chola]] capital,
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| burnt the city and defeated the [[Cholas]] once again. A ''Sudi inscription'' (Thursday, 20_January_1060 AD), records that king ''Trailokyamalla'' was halting at his camp ''Puli'', a town within ''Sindavadi'' division after having made a victorious expedition to the southern region and conquered the [[Chola]].
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| Sudi has several stone temples built by Maha Samanthadhipati Naga Deva in 1100 AD that have caught the attention of the [[Karnataka]] State Archeological Department. Quite a few of these structures have been cleaned up. Besides age-old structures there is also a tower (called ''Hude'' in native language) located in the center of the village. The richness of these temples can be viewed in the images posted here.
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| ==Tourism==
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| === Twin Towered Shiva Temple===
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| Twin Towered, Two Vimana, Jodakalasa Temple<ref>{{cite book
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| |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aU0hCAS2-08C&pg=RA1-PA346&lpg=RA1-PA346&dq=Mallikarjuna+Temple+at+Sudi&source=web&ots=2ijltFCw90&sig=J1rZGY1Jc_QAywFOftge6ebSXqY&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#PRA1-PA346, M1
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| |title=Indian Temple Architecture By Adam Hardy, Sudi
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| |access-date=2008-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiastudies.org/site_list.htm |title=LIst of monuments in India, Sudi |access-date=2009-03-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201182255/http://www.indiastudies.org/site_list.htm |archive-date=1 December 2008 }}</ref>
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| Later [[Chalukya]] monument, Before 1059-60, by Nageshwara by General Nagadeva administering Sudi.
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| ===Shri Chidambara Panchangam===
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| Chidambara Panchanga is publishing from Sudi for many years. It was started by Late.Vedabrahma Shri Ramashastri Joshi.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
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| === Shri Shiva Chidambareshwara temple ===
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| Adjacent to the Shri Shiva Chidambareshwara temple there is a 29-feet Lord Shiva statue in a standing position which is rare in India & it was inaugurated by Shri Vishwesha Tirtharu, Pejawara Matha, Udupi. <gallery>
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| File:Alankara chidambara.jpg
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| File:Chidambara Alankara.jpg
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| </gallery>
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| ===Mallikarjuna Temple===
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| Mallikarjuna temple<ref>{{cite web
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| |url= http://www.shaivam.org/siddhanta/spka.htm
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| |title=Karnataka Temples
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| |access-date=2009-03-09}}</ref> at Sudi is a later [[Chalukya]] ([[Kalyani Chalukyas]]) monument, 1054, Founded under princess ''Akkadevi'' Governor of Sudi
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| ===Naga Kunda (Well)===
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| [[File:SudiRastaBhavi.jpg|thumb|left| Naga Kunda (Well) at Sudi]]
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| '''Nagakunda''' literally means King cobra tank at Sudi is a carved (Inner wall) temple tank.
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| This is totally neglected by the people, ASI and Govt. of [[Karnataka]].{{original research inline|date=January 2021}} There is need of immediate conservation work to protect this monument.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
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| ===Other monuments at Sudi===
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| [[File:Sudi Large Ganesh statue 1.jpg|thumb|right|Large Ganapati statue carved in stone]]
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| [[File:Sudi Ishwara In StoneTemple.jpg|thumb|left|Ishwara in a stone made shelter]]
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| [[File:SudiDoddaIshwara.jpg|thumb|left| Big Ishwara at Sudi]]
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| * Large Ganapati Statue
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| * Ishwara Linga in a stone made shelter
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| * Large Shiva linga
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| * Hude (Tower)
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| [[File:Sudi Large Basava statue 1.jpg|thumb|right| Nandi at Sudi]]
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| [[File:SudiHude.jpg|thumb|right|Hude (Tower) in Sudi]]
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| Other monuments at Sudi include a large Ganapati Statue and Nandi statue inside mantapa and a large Shiva linga.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
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| ==Geography==
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| It has an average elevation of {{convert|586|m}}. It is located adjacent to 2 streams called Hirehalla and Doddahalla and has total area of the town is {{convert|5.3|km2}}.
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| It is located {{convert|120|km}} from [[Hubli, Karnataka|Karnataka]], 42 kilometres from Gadag and 450 kilometres from [[Bangalore]], the state capital.
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| ==Climate==
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| The temperature ranges from minimum 23 degrees to 45 degrees during summer and from 15 to 29 degrees in winter. The rainfall of the area is 50 centimeters. Best time to visit is between low humid season from November and March.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}
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| ==Transport==
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| The nearest airport is Hubli about 100 kilometres away. It is east of Hubli-Sholapur rail route, and the rail station (Mallapur) is 25 kilometres from the town. It is also connected by road to Hubli and Gadag. Sudi is reachable from Bangalore by a 12-hour bus ride, or with a combination of an overnight train journey from Bangalore to Ron followed by a short bus ride from Ron to Sudi.
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| ==Demographics==
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| {{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Sudi had a population of 6,000. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Sudi has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 59% of the males and 41% of females literate. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Aihole]]
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| * [[Pattadakal]]
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| * [[Mahadeva Temple (Itagi)]]
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| * [[Ron, Karnataka|Ron]]
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| ==Notes==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| ==References==
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| {{Commons category}}
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| * Sudi Kalanelege kayakalpa, Dr. D. V. Devaraj, Director, [[Karnataka]] State Archeology, Mysore, publication in Sudha Magazine
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| {{Historical Places in Karnataka}}
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| {{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}
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| {{Historical places of Chalukyas}}
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| {{Gadag}}
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| [[Category:Chalukya dynasty]]
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| [[Category:Shiva temples in Karnataka]]
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| [[Category:Western Chalukya Empire]]
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| [[Category:Archaeological sites in Karnataka]]
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| [[Category:Cities and towns in Gadag district]]
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