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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox monarch | {{Infobox monarch | ||
|name = Mandalika I | | name = Mandalika I | ||
|title = Ra of Saurashtra | | title = Ra of Saurashtra | ||
|image = | | image = | ||
|caption = | | caption = | ||
|reign1 =1294–1306 CE | | reign1 = 1294–1306 CE | ||
| era name | | era name = [[Vikram Samvat]] | ||
| era dates | | era dates = 1350–1362 | ||
|coronation = | | coronation = | ||
|full name = | | full name = | ||
|other name= | | other name = | ||
|predecessor1 = | | predecessor1 = | ||
|successor1 =[[Navaghana]] | | successor1 = [[Navaghana]] | ||
|predecessor2 = | | predecessor2 = | ||
|successor2 = | | successor2 = | ||
|spouse = | | spouse = | ||
|issue =Rupa, [[Navaghana]], [[Mahipala I (Chudasama dynasty)|Mahipala I]]{{efn-ua|Navaghana and Mahipala are also mentioned as father and son.<ref name="Parikh"/>}} | | issue = Rupa, [[Navaghana]], [[Mahipala I (Chudasama dynasty)|Mahipala I]]{{efn-ua|Navaghana and Mahipala are also mentioned as father and son.<ref name="Parikh"/>}} | ||
|royal house = | | royal house = | ||
|dynasty =[[ | | dynasty = [[Abhira]] | ||
|father = Yashodhavala | | father = Yashodhavala | ||
|mother = Priyamaladevi | | mother = Priyamaladevi | ||
| birth_date = | | birth_date = | ||
| birth_place = | | birth_place = | ||
| death_date = | | death_date = | ||
| death_place = | | death_place = | ||
| burial_place = | | burial_place = | ||
|religion = [[Hinduism]] | | religion = [[Hinduism]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Mandalika I''' was a [[ | '''Mandalika I''' was a [[Abhira tribe|Abhira]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Munshi|first=Kanaiyalal Maneklal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0oAVAAAAMAAJ&q=abhira+king+mandalika|title=Somanatha, the Shrine Eternal|date=1976|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Seth|first=Krishna Narain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q4dAAAAMAAJ&q=+abhira|title=The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa|date=1978|publisher=Progress Publishers|language=en}}</ref>king of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] region of western India who reigned from 1294 CE to 1306 CE ([[Vikram Samvat|VS]] 1350 to VS 1362). His capital was at [[Junagadh]]. | ||
==Reign== | ==Reign== | ||
The inscription found at Hatasni (VS 1386/1329 CE, now at Bhavnagar Museum) mentions Somavanshi ([[Chandravanshi]]) royal family in which a king named Shangara (Khangara) was born. In Shanagra's family, a Yashodhavala was born who was later married to Priyamaladevi of [[Suryavansha|Suryavanshi]] family. They had three sons; Malla, Mandala (Mandalika) and Meliga. The inscription further mentions an ally Vakhala family of Mehar race who were under Mandalika and later under Mahisha which are identified as Mandalika I and his son [[Mahipala I]] respectively. Mandalika's daughter Rupa was married in Vakhala family.<ref name="ins5">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.54106/2015.54106.Inscriptions-Of-Kathiawad|title=New Indian Antiquary|last=Diskalkar|first=D. B.|date=March 1939|volume=2|pages= | The inscription found at Hatasni (VS 1386/1329 CE, now at Bhavnagar Museum) mentions Somavanshi ([[Chandravanshi]]) royal family in which a king named Shangara (Khangara) was born. In Shanagra's family, a Yashodhavala was born who was later married to Priyamaladevi of [[Suryavansha|Suryavanshi]] family. They had three sons; Malla, Mandala (Mandalika) and Meliga. The inscription further mentions an ally Vakhala family of [[Mer (community)|Mehar]] race who were under Mandalika and later under Mahisha which are identified as Mandalika I and his son [[Mahipala I]] respectively. Mandalika's daughter Rupa was married in Vakhala family, a Mer dynasty based in [[Talaja, Bhavnagar|Talaja]].<ref name="ins5">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.54106/2015.54106.Inscriptions-Of-Kathiawad|title=New Indian Antiquary|last=Diskalkar|first=D. B.|date=March 1939|volume=2|pages=731–732, 735|chapter=Inscriptions of Kathiawad: No. 27, 29}}</ref> | ||
The undated fragmentary inscription recovered from Adishwara Mahadeva temple in Adpokar mentions death of Kanhaddeva, fighting for king Vayajaladeva, in battle with army of Ranaka Mandalika. The [[Sutrapada]] inscription dated VS 1357 mentions Vayajaladeva so this inscription belongs to the same period and the mentioned king must be Mandalika I, living from VS 1316 to VS 1362.<ref name="ins5"/> | The undated fragmentary inscription recovered from Adishwara Mahadeva temple in Adpokar mentions death of Kanhaddeva, fighting for king Vayajaladeva, in battle with army of Ranaka Mandalika. The [[Sutrapada]] inscription dated VS 1357 mentions Vayajaladeva so this inscription belongs to the same period and the mentioned king must be Mandalika I, living from VS 1316 to VS 1362.<ref name="ins5"/> | ||
During Mandalika I's reign, in 1299 CE, [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat|Gujarat was conquered]] by [[Ulugh Khan]] and [[Nusrat Khan Jalesari]], the generals of [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi Sultan]] [[Alauddin Khalji]]. Ulugh Khan also destroyed [[Somnath temple]] which had been rebuilt since the time of destruction by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] in the 11th century. He also conquered the sea coast of the peninsula from [[Ghogha]] to [[Madhavpur Ghed|Madhavapur]]. On this occasion, Mandalika is said to have defeated a division of his troops but possibly he may have defeated one of the governors of the sea coast left by Ulugh Khan. The Revati Kund inscription near [[Damodar Kund]], Junagadh (VS 1472/1417 CE) mentions him as conqueror of the Mudgalas (Muslims).<ref name="ins4">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.54106/2015.54106.Inscriptions-Of-Kathiawad|title=New Indian Antiquary|last=Diskalkar|first=D. B.|date=December 1939|volume=2|pages= | During Mandalika I's reign, in 1299 CE, [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat|Gujarat was conquered]] by [[Ulugh Khan]] and [[Nusrat Khan Jalesari]], the generals of [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi Sultan]] [[Alauddin Khalji]]. Ulugh Khan also destroyed [[Somnath temple]] which had been rebuilt since the time of destruction by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] in the 11th century. He also conquered the sea coast of the peninsula from [[Ghogha]] to [[Madhavpur Ghed|Madhavapur]]. On this occasion, Mandalika is said to have defeated a division of his troops but possibly he may have defeated one of the governors of the sea coast left by Ulugh Khan. The Revati Kund inscription near [[Damodar Kund]], Junagadh (VS 1472/1417 CE) mentions him as conqueror of the Mudgalas (Muslims).<ref name="ins4">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.54106/2015.54106.Inscriptions-Of-Kathiawad|title=New Indian Antiquary|last=Diskalkar|first=D. B.|date=December 1939|volume=2|pages=602–603|chapter=Inscriptions Of Kathiawad: No. 68}}</ref><ref name="Pandey1987">{{cite book|author=Shiv Narayan Pandey|title=Śaivite Temples and Sculptures at Somanātha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_HVAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Ramanand Vidya Bhawan|page=23}}</ref> The inscription at the Neminath Temple (c. VS 1510/c. 1454 CE) on [[Girnar]] mentions that he had adorned the Neminath temple with gold plates.<ref name="ins2">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.54106/2015.54106.Inscriptions-Of-Kathiawad#page/n93/mode/2up/search/Khengar+Mahal|title=New Indian Antiquary|last=Diskalkar|first=D. B.|date=June 1940|volume=2|pages=116–117|chapter=Inscriptions Of Kathiawad: No. 77}}</ref> Mandalika I was succeeded by his son [[Navaghana]].<ref name="Parikh">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/1977GujaratnoRajkiyaAneSanskrutikItihasVol5SaltanatKaal257D/page/n5|title=ગુજરાતનો રાજકીય અને સાંસ્કૃતિક ઇતિહાસ: સલ્તનત કાલ|publisher=Bholabhai Jeshingbhai Institute of Learning and Research|year=1977|editor-last=Parikh|editor-first=Rasiklal Chhotalal|editor-link=Rasiklal Parikh|series=Research Series - Book No. 71|volume=V|location=[[Ahmedabad]]|pages=157|trans-title=Political and Cultural History of Gujarat: Sultanate Era|editor-last2=Shastri|editor-first2=Hariprasad Gangashankar|editor-link2=Hariprasad Shastri|language=gu}}</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||