.svg)
Mithqal: Difference between revisions
>Monkbot m (Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 7 templates: del empty params (7×); hyphenate params (5×);) |
m (robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)) |
||
| (2 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
[[File:Dinar of Abd al-Malik, AH 75.jpg|thumb|180px|Gold dinar of [[Umayyad Caliph]] [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]], minted at [[Damascus]], [[Syria]] in [[Hijri year|AH]] 75 (697/698 [[Common Era|CE]]), having a weight of almost 1 ''mithqāl'' (4.25 grams)]] | [[File:Dinar of Abd al-Malik, AH 75.jpg|thumb|180px|Gold dinar of [[Umayyad Caliph]] [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]], minted at [[Damascus]], [[Syria]] in [[Hijri year|AH]] 75 (697/698 [[Common Era|CE]]), having a weight of almost 1 ''mithqāl'' (4.25 grams)]] | ||
'''Mithqāl''' ({{lang-ar|{{big|مثقال}}}}) is a unit of mass equal to 4.25 | '''Mithqāl''' ({{lang-ar|{{big|مثقال}}}}) is a unit of mass equal to {{convert|4.25|g|ozt|lk=out}} which is mostly used for measuring precious metals, such as [[gold]], and other commodities, like [[saffron]]. | ||
The name was also applied as an alternative term for the [[gold dinar]], a coin that was used throughout much of the [[Muslim world|Islamic world]] from the 8th century onward and survived in parts of Africa until the 19th century.<ref>{{Citation|last=Johnson|first=Marion|year=1968|title=The Nineteenth-Century Gold 'Mithqal' in West and North Africa|publisher=Cambridge University Press|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=9|number=4|pages=547–569|issn=0021-8537|jstor=180144|doi=10.1017/s0021853700009038}}</ref> The name of [[Mozambique]]'s currency since 1980, the ''[[metical]]'', is derived from ''mithqāl''.<ref>[http://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa/metical "Metical"] in ''Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa com Acordo Ortográfico''. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003-2015. Accessed 1 April 2015. {{in lang|pt}}</ref> | The name was also applied as an alternative term for the [[gold dinar]], a coin that was used throughout much of the [[Muslim world|Islamic world]] from the 8th century onward and survived in parts of Africa until the 19th century.<ref>{{Citation|last=Johnson|first=Marion|year=1968|title=The Nineteenth-Century Gold 'Mithqal' in West and North Africa|publisher=Cambridge University Press|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=9|number=4|pages=547–569|issn=0021-8537|jstor=180144|doi=10.1017/s0021853700009038}}</ref> The name of [[Mozambique]]'s currency since 1980, the ''[[metical]]'', is derived from ''mithqāl''.<ref>[http://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa/metical "Metical"] in ''Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa com Acordo Ortográfico''. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003-2015. Accessed 1 April 2015. {{in lang|pt}}</ref> | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
== Indian mithqaal == | == Indian mithqaal == | ||
In [[India]], the measurement is known as ''mithqaal''. It contains 4 mashas and 3½ raties (rata'ii; مثقال).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NfovAQAAIAAJ&q=mithqal+mashas | In [[India]], the measurement is known as ''mithqaal''. It contains 4 {{transl|hi|mashas}} and 3½ {{transl|hi|raties}} (rata'ii; مثقال).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NfovAQAAIAAJ&q=mithqal+mashas|title=Quarterly Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society.|pages=86|language=en}}</ref> | ||
It is equivalent to 4.25 grams when measuring [[gold]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/archive/article.php?lang=E&id=138246|title=Assessing the Nisaab of bank notes|year=2007|work=IslamWeb|access-date=2007-03-09}}</ref> or 4.5 grams when measuring commodities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islamic-world.net/economics/word/m.htm|title=M|work=Economic Glossary|access-date=2007-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928134913/http://www.islamic-world.net/economics/word/m.htm|archive-date=2007-09-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> It may be more or less than this.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theclearpath.com/glossary.php?cat=0&start=275&sid=bdcf2885f511acea83f48c3fbad9947c|title=Glossary|year=2005|work=The Clear Path|access-date=2007-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928025356/http://www.theclearpath.com/glossary.php?cat=0&start=275&sid=bdcf2885f511acea83f48c3fbad9947c|archive-date=2007-09-28}}</ref> | It is equivalent to 4.25 grams when measuring [[gold]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/archive/article.php?lang=E&id=138246|title=Assessing the Nisaab of bank notes|year=2007|work=IslamWeb|access-date=2007-03-09}}</ref> or 4.5 grams when measuring commodities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islamic-world.net/economics/word/m.htm|title=M|work=Economic Glossary|access-date=2007-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928134913/http://www.islamic-world.net/economics/word/m.htm|archive-date=2007-09-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> It may be more or less than this.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theclearpath.com/glossary.php?cat=0&start=275&sid=bdcf2885f511acea83f48c3fbad9947c|title=Glossary|year=2005|work=The Clear Path|access-date=2007-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928025356/http://www.theclearpath.com/glossary.php?cat=0&start=275&sid=bdcf2885f511acea83f48c3fbad9947c|archive-date=2007-09-28}}</ref> | ||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Unit | ! Unit | ||
! Mithqāl | ! Mithqāl | ||
! [[Gold dinar]] | ! [[Gold dinar]] | ||
! [[Dirham]] | ! [[Dirham]] | ||
! [[Gram]] | ! [[Gram]] | ||
! [[Troy Ounce | ! [[Troy Ounce]] | ||
! [[Ounce]] | ! [[Ounce]] | ||
! [[Grain (unit)|Grain]] | ! [[Grain (unit)|Grain]] | ||
| Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Unit | ! Unit | ||
! Mithqāl | ! Mithqāl | ||
!Nākhud | !Nākhud | ||
![[Gram]] | ![[Gram]] | ||
![[Ounce]] | ![[Troy Ounce]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Mithqāl | | Mithqāl | ||
| Line 52: | Line 52: | ||
|} | |} | ||
Nakhud is a [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí]] unit of mass used by [[Bahá'u'lláh]].<ref name=PSEncyclo2000GB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7oQAQAAIAAJ | Nakhud is a [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí]] unit of mass used by [[Bahá'u'lláh]].<ref name=PSEncyclo2000GB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7oQAQAAIAAJ&q=nakhuds |last=Smith |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Smith (historian) |year=2000 |edition=illustrated, reprint |title=Nakhud |pages=250 |encyclopedia=A Concise Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith |publisher=[[Oneworld Publications]] |place=[[Oxford]] |isbn=1-85168-184-1 |access-date=2020-10-20 |via=[[Google Books]] |url-access=limited }}</ref> The mithqāl had originally consisted of 24 nakhuds, but in the [[Bayán]], the collective works of the [[Báb]], this was reduced to 19.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5ryCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA508|title=La relevancia de la pragmática en la traducción de textos multi-culturales: versión del Kitab-i-Aqdas|last=Honeyman|first=Nobel Augusto Perdu|date=2004-05-05|publisher=Universidad Almería|isbn=9788482406473|pages=508|language=es}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 12:05, 27 April 2022
Gold dinar of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, minted at Damascus, Syria in AH 75 (697/698 CE), having a weight of almost 1 mithqāl (4.25 grams)
Mithqāl (Arabic: مثقال) is a unit of mass equal to 4.25 grams (0.137 ozt) which is mostly used for measuring precious metals, such as gold, and other commodities, like saffron.
The name was also applied as an alternative term for the gold dinar, a coin that was used throughout much of the Islamic world from the 8th century onward and survived in parts of Africa until the 19th century.[1] The name of Mozambique's currency since 1980, the metical, is derived from mithqāl.[2]
Etymology[edit]
The word mithqāl (Arabic: مثقال; “weight, unit of weight”) comes from the Arabic thaqala (ثقل), meaning “to weigh”. Other variants of the unit in English include miskal (from Persian or Urdu مثقال; misqāl), mithkal, mitkal and mitqal.
Indian mithqaal[edit]
In India, the measurement is known as mithqaal. It contains 4 mashas and 3½ raties (rata'ii; مثقال).[3]
It is equivalent to 4.25 grams when measuring gold,[4] or 4.5 grams when measuring commodities.[5] It may be more or less than this.[6]
Conversion factors[edit]
| Unit | Mithqāl | Gold dinar | Dirham | Gram | Troy Ounce | Ounce | Grain |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mithqāl | 1 | 1 | 0.70 | 4.25 | 0.13664 | 0.14991 | 65.5875 |
The mithqāl in another more modern calculation is as follows:
| Unit | Mithqāl | Nākhud | Gram | Troy Ounce |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mithqāl | 1 | 19 | 3.642 | 0.117 |
Nakhud is a Baháʼí unit of mass used by Bahá'u'lláh.[7] The mithqāl had originally consisted of 24 nakhuds, but in the Bayán, the collective works of the Báb, this was reduced to 19.[8]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Johnson, Marion (1968), "The Nineteenth-Century Gold 'Mithqal' in West and North Africa", The Journal of African History, Cambridge University Press, 9 (4): 547–569, doi:10.1017/s0021853700009038, ISSN 0021-8537, JSTOR 180144
- ↑ "Metical" in Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa com Acordo Ortográfico. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003-2015. Accessed 1 April 2015. (in Portuguese)
- ↑ Quarterly Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society. Pakistan Historical Society. 1 January 2006. p. 86.
- ↑ "Assessing the Nisaab of bank notes". IslamWeb. 2007. Retrieved 9 March 2007.
- ↑ "M". Economic Glossary. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 9 March 2007.
- ↑ "Glossary". The Clear Path. 2005. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 9 March 2007.
- ↑ Smith, Peter (2000). "Nakhud". A Concise Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith (illustrated, reprint ed.). Oxford: Oneworld Publications. p. 250. ISBN 1-85168-184-1. Retrieved 20 October 2020 – via Google Books.
- ↑ Honeyman, Nobel Augusto Perdu (5 May 2004). La relevancia de la pragmática en la traducción de textos multi-culturales: versión del Kitab-i-Aqdas (in español). Universidad Almería. p. 508. ISBN 9788482406473.
Template:Islamic banking and finance
 | This standards- or measurement-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
 | This economic history-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
 | This Turkey-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
 | This article about the culture of India is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |