Sirmaur district: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                  = Sirmaur district
| name                  = Sirmaur district
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| total_type            = Total
| total_type            = Total
| native_name            =  
| native_name            =  
| image_map             = Sirmaur in Himachal Pradesh (India).svg
| image_map                       = {{maplink |frame=yes
| map_caption           = Location of Sirmaur district in Himachal Pradesh
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Sirmaur district'''
|type=shape |id=Q654331
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh
|type2=line|id2=Q1177|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Himachal Pradesh
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| map_alt                        =
| map_caption                     = Location in Himachal Pradesh
| coordinates            = {{coord|30.64|77.44|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates            = {{coord|30.64|77.44|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint          = Nahan
| coor_pinpoint          = Nahan
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| website                = http://hpsirmaur.nic.in/
| website                = http://hpsirmaur.nic.in/
}}
}}
'''Sirmaur''' is the southernmost district of [[Himachal Pradesh]], northern India. It is largely mountainous and rural, with 90% of its population living in villages. Some of its towns include [[Nahan]] (the capital), [[Paonta Sahib]] and [[Suketi]], the latter known for the [[Shivalik Fossil Park]].
'''Sirmaur''' is the southernmost district of [[Himachal Pradesh]], northern India. It is largely mountainous and rural, with 90% of its population living in villages. Some of its towns include the capital  [[Nahan]], [[Paonta Sahib]], and [[Suketi]], the latter known for [[Shivalik Fossil Park]].


==Geography==
==Geography==
There are seven [[tehsil]]s in this district, namely [[Nahan]], Renuka, Dadahu, [[Shillai]], [[Rajgarh, Himachal Pradesh|Rajgarh]], Pachhad and [[Paonta Sahib]]. The [[Giri River]] divides the district into two almost equal parts: Giripar and Giriaar. The major towns are Nahan, Paonta Sahib, Rajgarh and Shillai.
There are seven [[tehsil]]s in this district: [[Nahan]], Renuka, [[Kamrao|Kamrau]], [[Shillai]], [[Rajgarh, Himachal Pradesh|Rajgarh]], Pachhad, and [[Paonta Sahib]]. The [[Giri River]] divides the district into two almost equal parts: Giripar and Giriaar. The major towns are Nahan, Paonta Sahib, Rajgarh, and Shillai.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{{Pie chart
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Sirmaur district (2011)<ref name="Sirmaur district Population">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/himachal-pradesh/sirmaur-population.html|title=Sirmaur district Population|work=Census India|accessdate=11 July 2021}}</ref>
|caption = Religion in Sirmaur district (2011)<ref name="Sirmaur district Population">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/himachal-pradesh/sirmaur-population.html|title=Sirmaur district Population|work=Census India|access-date=11 July 2021}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 89.99
|value1 = 89.99
Line 70: Line 78:
|value3 = 2.93
|value3 = 2.93
|color3 = Yellow
|color3 = Yellow
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|label4 =  
|value4 = 0.11
|value4 = 0.
|color4 = Blue
|color4 = Blue
|label5 = [[Buddhism]]
|label5 =  
|value5 = 0.5
|value5 = 0.
|color5 = Gold
|color5 = Gold
|label6 = [[Jainism]]
|label6 =  
|value6 = 0.04
|value6 = 0.0
|color6 = Maroon
|color6 = Maroon
|label7 = Others
|label7 = Others
|value7 = 0.02
|value7 = 0.21
|color7 = Grey
|color7 = Grey
|label8 = Not Stated
|label8 = Not Stated
Line 87: Line 95:
}}
}}


According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Sirmaur district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 529,855.<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0210_PART_B_DCHB_SIRMAUR.pdf p. 26.</ref> This gives it a ranking of 542nd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> The district has a population density of {{convert| 188 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.61%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Sirmaur has a [[sex ratio]] of 915 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 79.98%.<ref name=districtcensus/>
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Sirmaur district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 529,855,<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0210_PART_B_DCHB_SIRMAUR.pdf p. 26.</ref> which placed it 542nd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> The district had a population density of {{convert| 188 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 15.61%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Sirmaur had a [[sex ratio]] of 915 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 79.98%.<ref name=districtcensus/> 39% of the population of the district identified their first language as [[Hindi]], 34% as [[Pahari languages|Pahari]], and 20% as [[Sirmauri language|Sirmauri]]. There were also speakers of [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (3.9%), [[Nepali language|Nepali]] (0.94%), [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]], (0.43%), and [[Tibetan languages|Tibetan]] (0.42%).<ref>{{cite report |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Himachal Pradesh |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0200.XLSX |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=6 October 2019}}</ref>
 
At the 2011 census, 39% of the population of the district identified their first language as [[Hindi]], 34% – as [[Pahari languages|Pahari]], and 20% – as [[Sirmauri language|Sirmauri]]. There were also speakers of [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (3.9%), [[Nepali language|Nepali]] (0.94%), [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]], (0.43%), [[Tibetan languages|Tibetan]] (0.42%) and others.<ref>{{cite report |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Himachal Pradesh |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0200.XLSX |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=6 October 2019}}</ref>


==Culture==
==Culture==
A majority of the population is Hindu and hence most people worship [[Hindu]] deities (devtas) and observe various related customs and rituals.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} The local language is [[Sirmauri language|Sirmauri]].
Sirmaur has the highest Muslim population by percentage in Himachal Pradesh.<ref name="districtcensus" />
 
Bishu is a fair that is held at several locations, and features the Thoda dance. Nati, Gee, Rasa and Budhechu are styles of folk dance in Sirmaur. These are enjoyed at special occasions such as weddings and the [[Diwali]] festival.


==History==
==History==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,35,667|13=1911|14=1,38,500|15=1921|16=1,40,428|17=1931|18=1,48,547|19=1941|20=1,56,003|21=1951|22=1,66,053|23=1961|24=1,97,488|25=1971|26=2,44,922|27=1981|28=3,06,897|29=1991|30=3,79,695|31=2001|32=4,58,593|33=2011|34=5,29,855|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}{{Main|Sirmur State}}
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,35,667|13=1911|14=1,38,500|15=1921|16=1,40,428|17=1931|18=1,48,547|19=1941|20=1,56,003|21=1951|22=1,66,053|23=1961|24=1,97,488|25=1971|26=2,44,922|27=1981|28=3,06,897|29=1991|30=3,79,695|31=2001|32=4,58,593|33=2011|34=5,29,855|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}{{Main|Sirmur State}}
Sirmaur was an independent kingdom in [[Indian subcontinent|India]], founded in about 1090 by Raja Rasaloo of [[Jaisalmer]], one of whose ancestors was named Sirmaur. It became an 11 Gun Salute [[princely state]] in [[British India]],The premier ruler of the Punjab Hills, located in the region that is now the Sirmaur district of [[Himachal Pradesh]]. The state was also known as '''Nahan''', after its main city, [[Nahan]]. Sirmaur was ruled by the chiefs of '''sirmour''' [[Rajput]] lineage, who used the title "[[Maharaja]]".
==Economy==
The district's economy is based mainly on agriculture, including potatoes, ginger, tomatoes, apples, mangoes and peaches in the Rajgarh region, known locally as "the Peach Bowl". At Dhaula Kuan near [[Paonta Sahib]] there is a government-operated fruit research center.  At the village Lana-cheta, farmers grow mainly grain.
In recent years{{when|date=November 2016}} there has been growth in various [[light industries]] including pharmaceuticals and manufacturing in Paonta Sahib. This has been mainly because of the town's location and proximity to other state borders. The state government has also provided subsidies on taxes to entrepreneurs and industrialists to set up their operations in the town.
The district has mineral resources. Kamrau is a small village known locally as the "place of limestone millionaires". Sataun is the largest limestone market of South East Asia.
==Places of interest==
There are many small towns and scenic places in Sirmaur District.
===Habban Valley===
Habben Valley's best-known temples are Shirgul Devta, Palu Devta and Tokro Tibba Kali Maa. At Habben there are two well-known temples, Tokro Tibba Kali Maa and Palu Devta. Habbi 1500, a well-known Rajpoot caste, belongs to these two Devtas. Lord Shirgul Temple is one of the most famous temples in North India.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} Lord Shirgul is worshipped in Sirmaur, Solan, Shimla, Uttaranchal, and Delhi. Thick Deodar forests are visited by tourists from many parts of India. A trek leads to [[Churdhar]], the Holy place of Lord [[Shiva]].
===Churdhar===
[[File:View from shiva's third eye.jpg|thumb|A View (2016)]]
The Chur Peak in district Sirmmaur rises to an elevation of 3647 m above sea level. The mountain is an important religious place for all Sirmauries. It is one of the [[Sivalik Hills|Shivalik]] ranges at a height of 11965 feet, and is the highest peak in southern Himachal Pradesh. Churdhar, also known as Churchandni (Bangle of Snow), is known for its landscapes. The view from the summit offers a panorama of lowland tracts towards the south and snow-capped ranges, including the peaks of Badrinath and Kedarnath in the Garhwal region, towards the north. It is believed that this is the very place where [[Hanuman]] discovered the life-restoring Sanjivini booti, which revived [[Lakshmana]], Lord [[Rama]]’s younger brother. Ruins of an ancient town have been discovered at the nearby dundi Devi.
Herbs and alpine flora cover these Himalayan slopes, and fauna include the [[monal]], Himachal’s state bird, along with [[Koklass pheasant|koklass]] and kaleej [[pheasant]]s.
Trekkers tread over small [[glacier]]s on their way to Churdhar summit, which has moderate to heavy snowfall (average of 33 feet snow). Often the Shirgul temple gets buried under it.  On clear sunny days, the Badrinath and Kedarnath shrines, Gangetic plains, the Sutlej river and hills of Shimla and Chakrata can be seen. Atop the Churdhar summit there are [[lingams]] of Shiva and [[Kali]], where goat and sheep were formerly sacrificed. Devotees hoist flags and make offerings here.
The peak can be approached from [[Dadahu]], headquarter of Renuka tehsil, via Sangrah, Bhawai, Gandhuri and Naura, at a distance of about {{convert|48|km|mi}} by [[bridle path]]. Another approach to the peak is by the Solan Rajgarh Menus road.
===Renuka Ji===
Renuka is another place of religious and tourist interest in Sirmaur. It is nearly {{convert|40|km|mi}} from Nahan via a motorable metalled road. Boating is not available for visitors at [[Renuka Lake]], an oval-shaped lake with a circumference of {{convert|2.4|km|mi}}. The lake is visited by thousands of pilgrims every year on [[Kartiki Ekadashi]]. There is a {{convert|1.6|km|mi}} patch between the Giri and humming camp where visitors often stay for a couple of days. Nightlong festivities including [[Kirtan]]s are held by various groups.
The place reaches full capacity during the days of the fair and offers a variety of activities. At the entrance to the fairground there is a notice board put up by the Wild Life Wing of the Forest Department warning, "Hold Your Gun--Game Sanctuary Starts".
To this fair, the brass idol of [[Parashurama|Parasu Rama]] is brought from the village Jamu, his permanent abode, in a silver palki accompanied by musical instruments. The deity remains in the temple for three days i.e. sudi, dashmi to dwadashi (from 10th to 12th of the bright half). The [[hill people]] pray to pujari with questions during the night when he goes into a trance and turns into an [[oracle]], answering questions and sometimes asking of the questioner some offering or sacrifice to the deity of some other act as a condition precedent to the fulfillment of the favourable prophecy, such as deliverance from a problem or recovery of health from some disease.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} On [[Dwadashi]], generally, the people offer alms after the holy dip in the Renuka.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
===Chanpur Dhar===
Chanpur Dhar is another place that is undiscovered by trekkers and tourists.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} Although the locals have been visiting the temple dedicated to [[Shirgul Devta]] from time to time the place still lacks the attention of the government.{{original research inline|date=March 2019}} It is almost an 8 kilometers trek from [[Dhevthal]] bus stop and takes a maximum of 4 hours to reach the top of the Shirgul Devta temple.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}
===Haripur Dhar===
This place is at an elevation of 2687 m. [[Maa Bhangayani Temple, Haripurdhar]], is a well-known temple in Sirmaur. Haripur is the name applied to a mountain called Haripur Dhar. A fort on a peak of this hillwas built on this range of mountain by the rulers of erstwhile [[Sirmur State]]. It was primarily meant to guard the state frontiers with the neighbouring Jubbal State as there were constant boundary disputes between the two states and there was an unusual encroachment into each other's territory. It has fallen into disuse and the part which is still habitable is used by the Forest Department as forester’s headquarters. The fort reminds the visitor of the historical period when to hold or capture such forts used to be the chief aim of the contending hill states. At a distance of about {{convert|106|km|mi}} from Nahan, Haripurdhar can be approached by a regular bus service covering {{convert|40|km|mi}} up to Dadahu, wherefrom Andheri can be reached by jeep for about {{convert|44|km|mi}}. The remaining portion is about {{convert|22|km|mi}}. Another way to approach is from Solan via Rajgarh.  Kharotiyon, a place from where the site of the fort remains about {{convert|2|km|mi}} on the hilltop.
===Bhureshwar Mahadev===
Bhureshwar Mahadev is another religious and tourist destination in sirmour district. It is situated on a peak nearer to Sarahan on the Nahan - [[Solan]] state highway. There is a legend about this place that from here Mata Parvati and Lord Shiva saw the [[Kurukshetra War]], as described in the ''[[Mahabharata]]''. From here [[Chandigarh]] can also be seen.
===Shillai===
Shillai Subdivision of Sirmaur District p, which includes the area from Sataun to Haripur Dhar is a tourist destination for people from India and abroad, especially in the summer season.  NH-707 (old NH-72) is the national highway as from Paonta Sahib to Hatkoti.
There are many places where tourists come to enjoy nature:- Shillai,Kandi Sundrari,Mashwa waterfall,Shikando,Bohal, Digwah, Devthal,Chanpurdhar,Suinal.{{fact|date=October 2020}}
Most tourists come in the month of winter seasons.{{fact|date=October 2020}}
==See also==
==See also==
* [[Gurudwara Paonta Sahib]]
* [[Gurudwara Paonta Sahib]]
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==Notable people==
==Notable people==
* [[Yashwant Singh Parmar]], the first CM of Himachal Pradesh
* [[Yashwant Singh Parmar]]
* [[Mohit Chauhan]], singer, is from [[Nahan]] town
* [[Mohit Chauhan]]
* [[Rahul Verma (Actor)|Rahul Verma Rajput]], National level cricketer, Mister India debutant 2018, model, is from District Sirmaur
* [[Rahul Verma (Actor)|Rahul Verma Rajput]]
* [[Siddharth Chauhan]], independent filmmaker, was born in Renuka
* [[Siddharth Chauhan]]
* "[[The Great Khali]]" (Dalip Singh Rana), [[WWE]] wrestler, is from Dhiraina, Himachal Pradesh
* [[The Great Khali]]
* [[Rakesh Pandey]], actor, is from Nahan
* [[Rakesh Pandey]]


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* [https://hpsirmaur.nic.in/ Official website]
* [https://hpsirmaur.nic.in/ Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101125203025/http://himachalpr.gov.in/intranet/Sirmour/A.%20DISTRICT%20PROFILE.doc DISTRICT PROFILE]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101125203047/http://himachalpr.gov.in/intranet/Sirmour/B.CULTURAL%20%26%20TOURISM%20HERITAGE%20OF%20THE%20DISTRICT.doc CULTURAL & TOURISM HERITAGE OF THE DISTRICT]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101125202952/http://himachalpr.gov.in/intranet/Sirmour/Sirmour%20at%20a%20glance.doc Sirmour at a glance]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101125202952/http://himachalpr.gov.in/intranet/Sirmour/Sirmour%20at%20a%20glance.doc Sirmour at a glance]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120119070742/http://www.sirmour.co.in/history/ History of Sirmour]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120119070742/http://www.sirmour.co.in/history/ History of Sirmour]

Latest revision as of 21:32, 12 April 2022

Sirmaur district
District of Himachal Pradesh
Coordinates (Nahan): 30°38′N 77°26′E / 30.64°N 77.44°E / 30.64; 77.44
Country India
StateFile:Himachal Pradesh Flag, India.pngHimachal Pradesh
HeadquartersNahan
Tehsils7
Government
 • Vidhan Sabha constituencies5
Area
 • Total2,825 km2 (1,091 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total529,855
 • Density190/km2 (490/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy79.98%
 • Sex ratio915
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Websitehttp://hpsirmaur.nic.in/

Sirmaur is the southernmost district of Himachal Pradesh, northern India. It is largely mountainous and rural, with 90% of its population living in villages. Some of its towns include the capital  Nahan, Paonta Sahib, and Suketi, the latter known for Shivalik Fossil Park.

Geography[edit | edit source]

There are seven tehsils in this district: Nahan, Renuka, Kamrau, Shillai, Rajgarh, Pachhad, and Paonta Sahib. The Giri River divides the district into two almost equal parts: Giripar and Giriaar. The major towns are Nahan, Paonta Sahib, Rajgarh, and Shillai.[citation needed]

Demographics[edit | edit source]

Religion in Sirmaur district (2011)[1]

  Hinduism (89.99%)
  Islam (6.27%)
  Sikhism (2.93%)
  Others (0.21%)
  Not Stated (0.14%)

According to the 2011 Census of India, Sirmaur district has a population of 529,855,[2] which placed it 542nd in India (out of a total of 640).[3] The district had a population density of 188 inhabitants per square kilometre (490/sq mi) .[3] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 15.61%.[3] Sirmaur had a sex ratio of 915 females for every 1000 males,[3] and a literacy rate of 79.98%.[3] 39% of the population of the district identified their first language as Hindi, 34% as Pahari, and 20% as Sirmauri. There were also speakers of Punjabi (3.9%), Nepali (0.94%), Haryanvi, (0.43%), and Tibetan (0.42%).[4]

Culture[edit | edit source]

Sirmaur has the highest Muslim population by percentage in Himachal Pradesh.[3]

History[edit | edit source]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901135,667—    
1911138,500+0.21%
1921140,428+0.14%
1931148,547+0.56%
1941156,003+0.49%
1951166,053+0.63%
1961197,488+1.75%
1971244,922+2.18%
1981306,897+2.28%
1991379,695+2.15%
2001458,593+1.91%
2011529,855+1.45%
source:[5]
Main article: Sirmur State

See also[edit | edit source]

Notable people[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "Sirmaur district Population". Census India. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  2. ↑ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0210_PART_B_DCHB_SIRMAUR.pdf p. 26.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
  4. ↑ C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Himachal Pradesh (Report). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  5. ↑ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901

External links[edit | edit source]

Template:Districts of Himachal Pradesh Template:Geo HP

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