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{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=24.07|N |long=75.08|E |label=[[Sondani inscription|Battle of | {{location map~ |South Asia |lat=24.07|N |long=75.08|E |label=[[Sondani inscription|Battle of Sondani]]|position=top |label_size=70|mark=Red Star.gif|marksize=20}} | ||
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=19|N |long=84.33|E |label=[[Mahendragiri (Odisha)|Mahendra]]|position=bottom |label_size=70|mark=AS-góra-icon.svg|marksize=20}} | {{location map~ |South Asia |lat=19|N |long=84.33|E |label=[[Mahendragiri (Odisha)|Mahendra]]|position=bottom |label_size=70|mark=AS-góra-icon.svg|marksize=20}} | ||
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=30|N |long=82|E |label=[[Himalayas]] |position=right |label_size=70|mark=AS-góra-icon.svg|marksize=20}} | {{location map~ |South Asia |lat=30|N |long=82|E |label=[[Himalayas]] |position=right |label_size=70|mark=AS-góra-icon.svg|marksize=20}} | ||
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===Prakashadharma=== | ===Prakashadharma=== | ||
[[File:Toramana portrait from coin.jpg|thumb|According to the [[Rīsthal inscription]], [[Alchon Huns]] ruler [[Toramana]] (depicted) was vanquished by Prakashadharma in 515 CE.]] | [[File:Toramana portrait from coin.jpg|thumb|According to the [[Rīsthal inscription]], [[Alchon Huns]] ruler [[Toramana]] (depicted) was vanquished by Prakashadharma in 515 CE.]] | ||
Prakashadharma was a notable king of this dynasty, who assumed the title, ''Adhiraja''. The [[Rīsthal inscription]] gives us information about his achievements. It records the construction of a tank and a [[Shiva]] temple at Risthal by Bhagavaddosha, a ''Rajasthaniya'' (viceroy) of Prakashadharma. This inscription mentions that Prakashadharma defeated the [[Huna people|Huna]] ruler [[Toramana]], sacked his camp and had taken away the ladies of his harem. The tank constructed at Risthal during his reign was named after his grandfather as ''Vibhishanasara''. He also constructed a temple dedicated to [[Brahma]] at Dashapura.<ref name="agarwal"/> During the excavation at Mandsaur in 1978 by a team of [[Vikram University]], [[Ujjain]], led by [[V. S. Wakankar|V.S. Wakankar]], his two glass seals inscribed with the legend ''Shri Prakashadharma'' were found.<ref name="wakankar">Wakankar, V.S. (1981) ''Aulikara Vamsha ke Itihas par Naya Prakash'' (in Hindi) in M.D. Khare ed. ''Malwa through the Ages'', Bhopal: Directorate of Archaeology & Museums, Government of Madhya Pradesh, pp,278-9</ref> In all probabilities he was succeeded by his son Yashodharma Vishnuvarma.<ref name="agarwal"/> | Prakashadharma was a notable king of this dynasty, who assumed the title, ''Adhiraja''. The [[Rīsthal inscription]] gives us information about his achievements. It records the construction of a tank and a [[Shiva]] temple at Risthal by Bhagavaddosha, a ''Rajasthaniya'' (viceroy) of Prakashadharma. This inscription mentions that Prakashadharma defeated the [[Huna people|Huna]] ruler [[Toramana]], sacked his camp and had taken away the ladies of his harem. The tank constructed at Risthal during his reign was named after his grandfather as ''Vibhishanasara''. He also constructed a temple dedicated to [[Brahma]] at Dashapura.<ref name="agarwal"/> During the excavation at Mandsaur in 1978 by a team of [[Vikram University]], [[Ujjain]], led by [[V. S. Wakankar|V.S. Wakankar]], his two glass seals inscribed with the legend ''Shri Prakashadharma'' were found.<ref name="wakankar">Wakankar, V.S. (1981) ''Aulikara Vamsha ke Itihas par Naya Prakash'' (in Hindi) in M.D. Khare ed. ''Malwa through the Ages'', Bhopal: Directorate of Archaeology & Museums, Government of Madhya Pradesh, pp,278-9</ref> In all probabilities he was succeeded by his son Yashodharma Vishnuvarma.<ref name="agarwal"/> | ||
An undated fragmentary Mandsaur inscription provides a name of a suzerain ruler Adityavardhana and his feudatory ''Maharaja'' Gauri. Adityavardhana has been recently identified with Prakashadharma by a historian Ashvini Agarwal.<ref name="ojha1">Ojha, N.K. (2001). ''The Aulikaras of Central India: History and Inscriptions'', Chandigarh: Arun Publishing House, {{ISBN|81-85212-78-3}}, pp.37-41</ref> The Chhoti Sadri inscription dated Malava Samvat 547 (490 CE) and written by Bhramarasoma, son of Mitrasoma supplies a genealogy of Adityavardhana's feudatory ruler, ''Maharaja'' Gauri. The first ruler of this Manavayani [[kshatriya]] family was Punyasoma. He was succeeded by his son Rajyavardhana. Rashtravardhana was the son of Rajyavardhana. Rashtravardhana's son and successor was Yashogupta. The last ruler of this family, Gauri was son of Yashogupta. He excavated a tank at Dashapura for the merit of his deceased mother.<ref name="jain"/> This inscription also mentions the name of a prince, Gobhata but his relationship with Gauri is not known.<ref name="ojha1"/> | An undated fragmentary Mandsaur inscription provides a name of a suzerain ruler Adityavardhana and his feudatory ''Maharaja'' Gauri. Adityavardhana has been recently identified with Prakashadharma by a historian Ashvini Agarwal.<ref name="ojha1">Ojha, N.K. (2001). ''The Aulikaras of Central India: History and Inscriptions'', Chandigarh: Arun Publishing House, {{ISBN|81-85212-78-3}}, pp.37-41</ref> The Chhoti Sadri inscription dated Malava Samvat 547 (490 CE) and written by Bhramarasoma, son of Mitrasoma supplies a genealogy of Adityavardhana's feudatory ruler, ''Maharaja'' Gauri. The first ruler of this Manavayani [[kshatriya]] family was Punyasoma. He was succeeded by his son Rajyavardhana. Rashtravardhana was the son of Rajyavardhana. Rashtravardhana's son and successor was Yashogupta. The last ruler of this family, Gauri was son of Yashogupta. He excavated a tank at Dashapura for the merit of his deceased mother.<ref name="jain"/> This inscription also mentions the name of a prince, Gobhata but his relationship with Gauri is not known.<ref name="ojha1"/> | ||
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The most prominent king of this dynasty was Yashodharma Vishnuvardhana. Yashodharma's two identical undated [[Mandsaur]] victory pillar inscriptions (found at Sondani, near present-day Mandsaur town) and a stone inscription dated Malava Samvat 589 (532 CE) record the military achievements of him.<ref name="ojha2">Ojha, N.K. (2001). ''The Aulikaras of Central India: History and Inscriptions'', Chandigarh: Arun Publishing House, {{ISBN|81-85212-78-3}}, pp.19-20</ref> All of these inscriptions were first published by [[John Faithfull Fleet]] in 1886. The undated pillar inscriptions, which were also written by poet Vasula, son of Kakka say that his feet were worshipped by the Huna ruler [[Mihirakula]]. These also state that his feudatories from the vicinity of the river ''Lauhitya'' ([[Brahmaputra]]) in the east, from the ''Mahendra'' mountains ([[Eastern Ghats]]) in the south, up to the [[Himalayas]] in the north and the ''Paschima Payodhi'' (Arabian Sea) in the west came to the seat of his empire to pay homage.<ref name="agarwal"/><ref name="RS11"/> he assumed the titles, ''Rajadhiraja'' and ''Parameshvara''.<ref name="agarwal"/> Yashodharma's dated inscription informs us that in 532 CE, Nirdosha, his ''Rajasthaniya'' was governing the area between the [[Vindhyas]] and the ''Pariyatra''s ([[Aravalis]]) and his headquarters was Dashapura. Probably the rule of the Aulikaras ended with Yashodhrma<ref name="jain"/> | The most prominent king of this dynasty was Yashodharma Vishnuvardhana. Yashodharma's two identical undated [[Mandsaur]] victory pillar inscriptions (found at Sondani, near present-day Mandsaur town) and a stone inscription dated Malava Samvat 589 (532 CE) record the military achievements of him.<ref name="ojha2">Ojha, N.K. (2001). ''The Aulikaras of Central India: History and Inscriptions'', Chandigarh: Arun Publishing House, {{ISBN|81-85212-78-3}}, pp.19-20</ref> All of these inscriptions were first published by [[John Faithfull Fleet]] in 1886. The undated pillar inscriptions, which were also written by poet Vasula, son of Kakka say that his feet were worshipped by the Huna ruler [[Mihirakula]]. These also state that his feudatories from the vicinity of the river ''Lauhitya'' ([[Brahmaputra]]) in the east, from the ''Mahendra'' mountains ([[Eastern Ghats]]) in the south, up to the [[Himalayas]] in the north and the ''Paschima Payodhi'' (Arabian Sea) in the west came to the seat of his empire to pay homage.<ref name="agarwal"/><ref name="RS11"/> he assumed the titles, ''Rajadhiraja'' and ''Parameshvara''.<ref name="agarwal"/> Yashodharma's dated inscription informs us that in 532 CE, Nirdosha, his ''Rajasthaniya'' was governing the area between the [[Vindhyas]] and the ''Pariyatra''s ([[Aravalis]]) and his headquarters was Dashapura. Probably the rule of the Aulikaras ended with Yashodhrma<ref name="jain"/> | ||
In Line 5 of the [[Mandsaur pillar inscription of Yashodharman|Mandsaur pillar inscription]], Yashodharman is said to have vanquished his enemies and to now control the territory | In Line 5 of the [[Mandsaur pillar inscription of Yashodharman|Mandsaur pillar inscription]], Yashodharman is said to have vanquished his enemies and to now control the territory from the neighbourhood of the (river) Lauhitya ([[Brahmaputra River]]) to the "Western Ocean" (Western [[Indian Ocean]]), and from the [[Himalayas]] to mountain [[Mahendragiri (Odisha)|Mahendra]].<ref>Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol 3 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.358795 p.145]</ref><ref name="Sagar">Foreign Influence on Ancient India by Krishna Chandra Sagar [https://books.google.com/books?id=0UA4rkm9MgkC&pg=PA216 p.216]</ref> | ||
Yashodharman thus conquered vast territories from the Hunas and the Guptas,<ref>Tribal Culture, Faith, History And Literature, Narayan Singh Rao, Mittal Publications, 2006 [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pplg_F0VyVEC&pg=PA18 p.18]</ref> although his short-lived empire would ultimately disintegrate between 530-540 CE.<ref name="Sagar"/> | Yashodharman thus conquered vast territories from the Hunas and the Guptas,<ref>Tribal Culture, Faith, History And Literature, Narayan Singh Rao, Mittal Publications, 2006 [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pplg_F0VyVEC&pg=PA18 p.18]</ref> although his short-lived empire would ultimately disintegrate between 530-540 CE.<ref name="Sagar"/> | ||
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<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
File:Sondhni, two Dvarapalas.jpg | |||
File:Sondhni pillar capital.jpg | File:Sondhni, two Dvarapalas.jpg|Sondhni, two [[Dvarapalas]] | ||
File:Sondhni pillar capital.jpg|Sondhni pillar capital | |||
File:Vidyadharas.jpg|[[Vidyadhara]], Sondani, circa 525 CE. [[National Museum, New Delhi]] | File:Vidyadharas.jpg|[[Vidyadhara]], Sondani, circa 525 CE. [[National Museum, New Delhi]] | ||
File:Prakasheshvara in Mandasor Fort.jpg|[[Shiva|Prakasheshvara]] in [[Mandsaur Fort]] | File:Prakasheshvara in Mandasor Fort.jpg|[[Shiva|Prakasheshvara]] in [[Mandsaur Fort]] | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
== | == List of rulers == | ||
* [[ | '''Rulers of First Aulikara dynasty-''' | ||
* Jayavarma | |||
* Simhavarma | |||
* Naravarma | |||
* Vishvavarma | |||
* Bandhuvarma | |||
'''Rulers of Second Aulikara dynasty-''' | |||
* Drumavardhana | |||
* Jayavardhana | |||
* Ajitavardhana | |||
* Vibhishanavardhana | |||
* Rajyavardhana | |||
* Prakashadharma | |||
* [[Yashodharman]] | |||
* [[Shiladitya (ruler of Malwa)|Shiladitya]] | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[Mandsaur]] | * [[Mandsaur]] | ||
* [[Malwa]] | * [[Malwa]] | ||
* [[Aulikara Empire]] | |||
* [[List of rulers of Malwa]] | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||