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Sastri began his career as an advocate in the [[Madras High Court]] in 1914 and practised for some time, gaining repute as having special expertise in tax law, particularly with Chettiar clients. In 1922, he was appointed standing counsel to the Commissioner of Income Tax in recognition of his abilities in this field; he held the position until his elevation to the Bench on 15 March 1939. During this time, he, along with Sir [[Sidney Wadsworth]] notably tried complicated cases that followed after the passing of the Madras Agriculturists Debt Relief Act.<ref name="death">{{cite news|title=Homage to Patanjali Sastri|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19630317&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|access-date=6 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=17 March 1963|page=7}}</ref> He replaced his close friend Sir Srinivasa Varadachariar, who had been appointed to the Federal Court of India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gardbois Jr. |first=George H. |title=Judges of the Supreme Court of India 1950-1989 |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-807061-0 |pages=20–30}}</ref> | Sastri began his career as an advocate in the [[Madras High Court]] in 1914 and practised for some time, gaining repute as having special expertise in tax law, particularly with Chettiar clients. In 1922, he was appointed standing counsel to the Commissioner of Income Tax in recognition of his abilities in this field; he held the position until his elevation to the Bench on 15 March 1939. During this time, he, along with Sir [[Sidney Wadsworth]] notably tried complicated cases that followed after the passing of the Madras Agriculturists Debt Relief Act.<ref name="death">{{cite news|title=Homage to Patanjali Sastri|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19630317&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|access-date=6 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=17 March 1963|page=7}}</ref> He replaced his close friend Sir Srinivasa Varadachariar, who had been appointed to the Federal Court of India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gardbois Jr. |first=George H. |title=Judges of the Supreme Court of India 1950-1989 |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-807061-0 |pages=20–30}}</ref> | ||
On 6 December 1947, by then third in seniority at the Madras High Court, he was made a judge of the Federal Court, which subsequently became the Supreme Court. Following the unexpected death of the Chief Justice, Sir Harilal Kania, on 6 November 1951, Sastri, as the senior-most associate justice, was appointed as Chief Justice. Sastri served in the position till he reached retirement age on | On 6 December 1947, by then third in seniority at the Madras High Court, he was made a judge of the Federal Court, which subsequently became the Supreme Court. Following the unexpected death of the Chief Justice, Sir Harilal Kania, on 6 November 1951, Sastri, as the senior-most associate justice, was appointed as Chief Justice. Sastri served in the position till he reached retirement age on 3 January 1954.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/judges/bio/mpsastri.htm | title=M. Patanjali Sastri | publisher=supremecourtofindia.nic.in | access-date=23 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Gardbois Jr. |first=George H. |title=Judges of the Supreme Court of India 1950-1989 |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-807061-0 |pages=20–30}}</ref> | ||
Previously appointed pro-chancellor of [[Delhi University]] in 1953, he served in that capacity until 1956. In retirement, Sastri remained active with the Delhi branch of the International Law Association and headed the Airlines Compensation Commission which oversaw the nationalisation of India's airlines. He also served as a member of the board of directors of the [[Press Trust of India]] and served on the Madras Legislative Council from July 1958 to April 1962. An eminent Sanskrit scholar and active member of the executive council of [[Benares Hindu University]] at the time of his death on 16 March 1963, he had chaired the Central Sanskrit Board since 1959, as well as the Kendriya Sanskrit Vidya Pith at Tirupati.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gardbois Jr. |first=George H. |title=Judges of the Supreme Court of India 1950-1989 |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-807061-0 |pages=20–30}}</ref> He died at his son-in-law's residence in [[Delhi]] from a [[cardiac arrest]].<ref name="death"/> His great grandsons are [[Avanidhar Subrahmanyam]], a Distinguished Professor at the [[University of California, Los Angeles]], and Dr. Mandakulutur Subramanya Ganesh, Head of Oncology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences, [[Bengaluru]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}} | Previously appointed pro-chancellor of [[Delhi University]] in 1953, he served in that capacity until 1956. In retirement, Sastri remained active with the Delhi branch of the International Law Association and headed the Airlines Compensation Commission which oversaw the nationalisation of India's airlines. He also served as a member of the board of directors of the [[Press Trust of India]] and served on the Madras Legislative Council from July 1958 to April 1962. An eminent Sanskrit scholar and active member of the executive council of [[Benares Hindu University]] at the time of his death on 16 March 1963, he had chaired the Central Sanskrit Board since 1959, as well as the Kendriya Sanskrit Vidya Pith at Tirupati.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gardbois Jr. |first=George H. |title=Judges of the Supreme Court of India 1950-1989 |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-807061-0 |pages=20–30}}</ref> He died at his son-in-law's residence in [[Delhi]] from a [[cardiac arrest]].<ref name="death"/> His great grandsons are [[Avanidhar Subrahmanyam]], a Distinguished Professor at the [[University of California, Los Angeles]], and Dr. Mandakulutur Subramanya Ganesh, Head of Oncology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences, [[Bengaluru]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}} | ||