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{{Short description|Indian nationalist leader and police officer (1908–1991)}} | |||
{{Notability|date=May 2019}} | {{Notability|date=May 2019}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}} | ||
{{Infobox person | |||
| name = Dadala Raphael Ramanayya | |||
| image = | |||
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1908|06|30}} | |||
| birth_place = [[Yanam, French India]] | |||
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1991|5|5|1908|06|30}} | |||
| death_place = [[Andhra Pradesh]], India | |||
}} | |||
'''Dadala Raphael Ramanayya''' (30 June 1908 – 5 May 1991) was an Indian nationalist leader who was instrumental in the merger of the [[French India|French territory]] of [[Yanam, French India|Yanam]] into the [[Republic of India]]. | '''Dadala Raphael Ramanayya''' (30 June 1908 – 5 May 1991) was an Indian nationalist leader who was instrumental in the merger of the [[French India|French territory]] of [[Yanam, French India|Yanam]] into the [[Republic of India]]. | ||
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In 1948 the French India Socialist Party, a pro-French organization, was widely suspected of rigging the elections,{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}} and won all the seats in all but one of the Municipal Assemblies. Dr. P. Subbarayan, who was president of the P.C.C. of Tamilnad, and Dr. N. Rajkumar, Secretary for Foreign affairs of the Indian National Congress, saw the farce in these elections and sent a damaging report to Prime Minister Nehru. The first Consul General of India at [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]], Sri Rasheed Ali Baig, did his best to boost the Nationalist movement, but was able to achieve little. In 1950 Sri R.K. Tandon replaced him, and Naiker, a [[knight|Chevalier]] by title and an influential political figure of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondicherry]], persuaded Ramanayya to join and lead the existing nationalist movement. | In 1948 the French India Socialist Party, a pro-French organization, was widely suspected of rigging the elections,{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}} and won all the seats in all but one of the Municipal Assemblies. Dr. P. Subbarayan, who was president of the P.C.C. of Tamilnad, and Dr. N. Rajkumar, Secretary for Foreign affairs of the Indian National Congress, saw the farce in these elections and sent a damaging report to Prime Minister Nehru. The first Consul General of India at [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]], Sri Rasheed Ali Baig, did his best to boost the Nationalist movement, but was able to achieve little. In 1950 Sri R.K. Tandon replaced him, and Naiker, a [[knight|Chevalier]] by title and an influential political figure of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondicherry]], persuaded Ramanayya to join and lead the existing nationalist movement. | ||
On 14 September 1950 Ramanayya , along with Naicker, prepared a memorandum for Dr. Keskar, Deputy External Affairs minister of India, who had paid a visit to [[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondicherry]]. This led to an immediate confrontation between him and his French superiors. His meeting with Keskar was considered [[Treachery (law)|treachery]] by the French Deputy Chief of Police, Monsieur Lagisqet, and the Chief of police, Captain Bouhard, who threatened him with arrest and punitive departmental actions. Ramanayya immediately resigned, and, expecting reprisals from the French police who now openly showed their contempt, moved his family to the safety of Cuddalore, a frontier town on the Indian side of the [[Penna River]] that separated the French and Indian territories. | On 14 September 1950 Ramanayya, along with Naicker, prepared a memorandum for Dr. Keskar, Deputy External Affairs minister of India, who had paid a visit to [[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondicherry]]. This led to an immediate confrontation between him and his French superiors. His meeting with Keskar was considered [[Treachery (law)|treachery]] by the French Deputy Chief of Police, Monsieur Lagisqet, and the Chief of police, Captain Bouhard, who threatened him with arrest and punitive departmental actions. Ramanayya immediately resigned, and, expecting reprisals from the French police who now openly showed their contempt, moved his family to the safety of Cuddalore, a frontier town on the Indian side of the [[Penna River]] that separated the French and Indian territories. | ||
==Life as a nationalist leader== | ==Life as a nationalist leader== | ||
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==Return to civil life and last days== | ==Return to civil life and last days== | ||
The Yanam coup d'état had enraged the French authorities of Pondicherry. Rumours were spread to the effect that the French government was despatching a cruiser to Yanam to capture merger leaders and to re-establish their authority. Towards the end of June 1954, Singh paid a visit to Yanam and requested his return to Pondicherry to continue his activities there. | The Yanam coup d'état had enraged the French authorities of Pondicherry. Rumours were spread to the effect that the French government was despatching a cruiser to Yanam to capture merger leaders and to re-establish their authority. Towards the end of June 1954, Singh paid a visit to Yanam and requested his return to Pondicherry to continue his activities there. | ||
On 3 July on Singh's request, Ramanayya left Yanam, after making all arrangements for its proper administration. Once in Pondicherry, he began agitating alongside the followers of Sri V Subbiah, Clemencedu Goubert, and Venkata Subbareddiar throughout the territory. One day when Ramanayya was returning with a hundred volunteers from the Bahour commune towards Cuddalore he was ambushed and fired at by a dozen French troops. He was then at the rear of a column of volunteers. A volunteer beside him was shot dead and another was wounded. | On 3 July, on Singh's request, Ramanayya left Yanam, after making all arrangements for its proper administration. Once in Pondicherry, he began agitating alongside the followers of Sri V Subbiah, Clemencedu Goubert, and Venkata Subbareddiar throughout the territory. One day when Ramanayya was returning with a hundred volunteers from the Bahour commune towards Cuddalore he was ambushed and fired at by a dozen French troops. He was then at the rear of a column of volunteers. A volunteer beside him was shot dead and another was wounded. | ||
In October the Government of France agreed to the de facto transfer of power to India after holding a nominal vote of members of the Assembly and the municipal members. [[Edouard Goubert]], also a trusted friend of Ramanayya, had played the most important role in these elections. The de facto transfer of power took place on 1 November 1954. Nehru visited Pondicherry on 16 January 1955. Ramanayya, Goubert, S. Perumal, and Sri Pakirisamy Pillai presented addresses to Nehru in a public meeting in the maidan of Gorimedu. | In October, the Government of France agreed to the de facto transfer of power to India after holding a nominal vote of members of the Assembly and the municipal members. [[Edouard Goubert]], also a trusted friend of Ramanayya, had played the most important role in these elections. The de facto transfer of power took place on 1 November 1954. Nehru visited Pondicherry on 16 January 1955. Ramanayya, Goubert, S. Perumal, and Sri Pakirisamy Pillai presented addresses to Nehru in a public meeting in the maidan of Gorimedu. | ||
After the French left India, Ramanayya wanted to leave politics, which he always despised, and was anxious to settle in his home state of Andhra Pradesh and to provide his children with education in his native regional language of [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. For his sacrifices to the nation and from intervention of the central cabinet, he was resettled as a high-ranking officer in the then excise department of the state of Andhra Pradesh from where he has finally retired on 29 June 1963. he led a peaceful farming life until his death on 5 May 1991. | After the French left India, Ramanayya wanted to leave politics, which he always despised, and was anxious to settle in his home state of Andhra Pradesh and to provide his children with education in his native regional language of [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. For his sacrifices to the nation and from intervention of the central cabinet, he was resettled as a high-ranking officer in the then excise department of the state of Andhra Pradesh from where he has finally retired on 29 June 1963. he led a peaceful farming life until his death on 5 May 1991. | ||