Chindians: Difference between revisions

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| related-c = {{hlist|[[Indian Singaporeans]]|[[Chinese Singaporeans]]|[[Malaysian Indians]]|[[Malaysian Chinese]]|[[Indian Indonesians]]|[[Chinese Indonesians]]|[[Indian Filipino]]s|[[Chinese Filipino]]s|[[Indians in China]]|[[Chinese people in India]]}}

}}

==Countries==

===India===

{{See also|Chinese people in India#Chinese Indians|label 1 = Chinese Indians}}

There are an estimated 5,000–7,000 Chinese expatriates living in India as of 2015, having doubled in number in recent years.<ref name="expatriates">{{Cite news |date=28 August 2015 |title=Why India remains a difficult terrain for 7,000 Chinese expatriates living in the country |work=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-india-remains-a-difficult-terrain-for-7000-chinese-expatriates-living-in-the-country/articleshow/48703439.cms}}</ref> Most work on 2- to 3-year contracts for the growing number of Chinese brands and companies doing business in India.<ref name=expatriates/>

====British India====

Edgar Thurston described the colony of the Chinese men with their Tamil pariah wives and children: "Halting in the course of a recent anthropological expedition on the western side of the Nilgiri plateau, in the midst of the Government Cinchona plantations, I came across a small settlement of Chinese, who have squatted for some years on the slopes of the hills between Naduvatam and Gudalur and developed, as the result of ' marriage ' with Tamil pariah women, into a colony, earning an honest livelihood by growing vegetables, cultivating coffee on a small scale and adding to their income from these sources by the economic products of the cow. An ambassador was sent to this miniature Chinese Court with a suggestion that the men should, in return for monies, present themselves before me with a view to their measurements being recorded. The reply which came back was in its way racially characteristic as between Hindus and Chinese. In the case of the former, permission to make use of their bodies for the purposes of research depends essentially on a pecuniary transaction, on a scale varying from two to eight annas. The Chinese, on the other hand, though poor, sent a courteous message to the effect that they did not require payment in money, but would be perfectly happy if I would give them, as a memento, copies of their photographs."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Government Museum (Madras, India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DvgSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA31 |title=Bulletin ..., Volumes 2-3 |publisher=Printed by the Superintendent, Govt. Press |year=1897 |location=MADRAS |page=31 |quote=ON A CHINESE-TAMIL CKOSS. Halting in the course of a recent anthropological expedition on the western side of the Nilgiri plateau, in the midst of the Government Cinchona plantations, I came across a small settlement of Chinese, who have squatted for some years on the slopes of the hills between Naduvatam and Gudalur, and developed, as the result of 'marriage' with Tamil pariah women, into a colony, earning an honest livelihood by growing vegetables, cultivating cofl'ce on a small scale, and adding to their income from these sources by the economic products of the cow. An ambassador was sent to this miniature Chinese Court with a suggestion that the men should, in return for monies, present themselves before me with a view to their measurements being recorded. The reply which came back was in its way racially characteristic as between Hindus and Chinese. In the case of the former, permission to make use of their bodies for the purposes of research depends essentially on a pecuniary transaction, on a scale varying from two to eight annas. The Chinese, on the other hand, though poor, sent a courteous message to the effect that they did not require payment in money, but would be perfectly happy if I would give them, as a memento, copies of their photographs. The measurements of a single family, excepting a widowed daughter whom I was not permitted to see, and an infant in arms, who was pacified with cake while I investigated its mother, are recorded in the following table:}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Edgar Thurston |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ca6wmDzhMDoC&pg=PA31 |title=Badagas and Irulas of Nilgiris, Paniyans of Malabar: A Cheruman Skull, Kuruba Or Kurumba - Summary of Results |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=2004 |isbn=81-206-1857-2 |volume=2, Issue 1 of Bulletin (Government Museum (Madras, India)) |page=31}}</ref> Thurston further describe a specific family: "The father was a typical Chinaman, whose only grievance was that, in the process of conversion to Christianity, he had been obliged to 'cut him tail off.' The mother was a typical Tamil Pariah of dusky hue. The colour of the children was more closely allied to the yellowish tint of the father than to the dark tint of the mother and the semimongol parentage was betrayed in the slant eyes, flat nose and (in one case) conspicuously prominent cheek-bones."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Government Museum (Madras, India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DvgSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3 |title=Bulletin ..., Volumes 2-3 |publisher=Printed by the Superintendent, Govt. Press |year=1897 |location=MADRAS |page=32 |quote=The father was a typical Chinaman, whose only grievance was that, in the process of conversion to Christianity, he had been obliged to 'cut him tail off.' The mother was a typical Tamil Pariah of dusky hue. The colour of the children was more closely allied to the yellowish tint of the father than to the dark tint of the mother; and the semimongol parentage was betrayed in the slant eyes, flat nose, and (in one case) conspicuously prominent cheek-bones. To have recorded the entire series of measurements of the children would have been useless for the purpose of comparison with those of the parents, and I selected from my repertoire the length and breadth of the head and nose, which plainly indicate the paternal influence on the external anatomy of the offspring. The figures given in the table bring out very clearly the great breadth, as compared with the length of the heads of all the children, and the resultant high cephalic index. In other words, in one case a mesaticephalic (79), and, in the remaining three cases, a sub-brachycephalic head (80"1; 801 ; 82-4) has resulted from the union of a mesaticephalic Chinaman (78-5) with a sub-dolichocephalic Tamil Pariah (76"8). How great is the breadth of the head in the children may be emphasised by noting that the average head-breadth of the adult Tamil Pariah man is only 13"7 cm., whereas that of the three boys, aged ten, nine, and five only, was 14 3, 14, and 13"7 cm. respectively. Quite as strongly marked is the effect of paternal influence on the character of the nose; the nasal index, in the case of each child (68"1 ; 717; 727; 68'3), bearing a much closer relation to that of the long nosed father (71'7) than to the typical Pariah nasal index of the broadnosed mother (78-7). It will be interesting to note, hereafter, what is the future of the younger members of this quaint little colony, and to observe the physical characters, temperament, improvement or deterioration, fecundity, and other points relating to the cross-breed resulting from the union of Chinese and Tamil.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Edgar Thurston |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ca6wmDzhMDoC&pg=PA32 |title=Badagas and Irulas of Nilgiris, Paniyans of Malabar: A Cheruman Skull, Kuruba Or Kurumba - Summary of Results |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=2004 |isbn=81-206-1857-2 |volume=2, Issue 1 of Bulletin (Government Museum (Madras, India)) |page=32}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Edgar Thurston |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQpuAAAAMAAJ |title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India |last2=K. Rangachari |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1987 |isbn=81-206-0288-9 |edition=illustrated |page=99 |quote=The father was a typical Chinaman, whose only grievance was that, in the process of conversion to Christianity, he had been obliged to "cut him tail off." The mother was a typical dark-skinned Tamil paraiyan,}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Edgar Thurston |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQpuAAAAMAAJ |title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India |last2=K. Rangachari |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1987 |isbn=81-206-0288-9 |edition=illustrated |page=98}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Edgar Thurston |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQpuAAAAMAAJ |title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India |last2=K. Rangachari |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1987 |isbn=978-81-206-0288-5 |edition=illustrated |page=99}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Government Museum (Madras, India), Edgar Thurston |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5g1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA31 |title=Note on tours along the Malabar coast |publisher=Superintendent, Government Press |year=1897 |volume=2-3 of Bulletin, Government Museum (Madras, India) |page=31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Government Museum (Madras, India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIcQcIM7UQoC&pg=RA1-PA1 |title=Bulletin, Volumes 1-2 |publisher=Superintendent, Government Press |year=1894 |page=31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Government Museum (Madras, India) |url=https://archive.org/stream/bulletin2189799gove#page/30/mode/2up |title=Bulletin |publisher=Madras : Printed by the Superintendent, Govt. Press |year=1894 |volume=v. 2 1897-99 |page=31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.goethals.in/goethalnews/2001Oct-DecGNews.htm |title=Madras Government Museum Bulletin |year=1897 |volume=II |location=Madras |page=31 |access-date=18 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924022820/http://www.goethals.in/goethalnews/2001Oct-DecGNews.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead |issue=1}}</ref> Thurston's description of the Chinese-Tamil families were cited by others, one mentioned "an instance mating between a Chinese male with a Tamil Pariah female"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai Bahadur) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ec4AAAAIAAJ |title=Man in India, Volume 34, Issue 4 |publisher=A.K. Bose |year=1954 |page=273 |quote=Thurston found the Chinese element to be predominant among the offspring as will be evident from his description. 'The mother was a typical dark-skinned Tamil Paraiyan. The colour of the children was more closely allied to the yellowish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahadeb Prasad Basu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NpQzAAAAIAAJ |title=An anthropological study of bodily height of Indian population |publisher=Punthi Pustak |year=1990 |isbn=9788185094335 |page=84 |quote=Sarkar (1959) published a pedigree showing Tamil-Chinese-English crosses in a place located in the Nilgiris. Thurston (1909) mentioned an instance of a mating between a Chinese male with a Tamil Pariah female. Man (Deka 1954) described}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iY1RAQAAIAAJ |title=Man in India, Volumes 34-35 |publisher=A. K. Bose |year=1954 |page=272 |quote=(c) Tamil (female) and African (male) (Thurston 1909). (d) Tamil Pariah (female) and Chinese (male) (Thuston, 1909). (e) Andamanese (female) and UP Brahmin (male ) (Portman 1899). (f) Andamanese (female) and Hindu (male) (Man, 1883).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai Bahadur) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ec4AAAAIAAJ |title=Man in India, Volume 34, Issue 4 |publisher=A.K. Bose |year=1954 |page=272 |quote=(c) Tamil (female) and African (male) (Thurston 1909). (d) Tamil Pariah (female) and Chinese (male) (Thuston, 1909). (e) Andamanese (female) and UP Brahmin (male ) (Portman 1899). (f) Andamanese (female) and Hindu (male) (Man, 1883).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Edgar Thurston |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQpuAAAAMAAJ |title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India |last2=K. Rangachari |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1987 |isbn=81-206-0288-9 |edition=illustrated |page=100 |quote=the remaining three cases, a sub-brachycephalic head (80-1 ; 80-1 ; 82-4) has resulted from the union of a mesaticephalic Chinaman (78•5) with a sub-dolichocephalic Tamil Paraiyan (76-8).}}</ref> A 1959 book described attempts made to find out what happened to the colony of mixed Chinese and Tamils.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkwLAAAAIAAJ |title=Man in India, Volume 39 |publisher=A. K. Bose |year=1959 |editor-last=Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai Bahadur) |page=309 |quote=d: TAMIL-CHINESE CROSSES IN THE NILGIRIS, MADRAS. S. S. Sarkar* ( Received on 21 September 1959 ) iURING May 1959, while working on the blood groups of the Kotas of the Nilgiri Hills in the village of Kokal in Gudalur, enquiries were made regarding the present position of the Tamil-Chinese cross described by Thurston (1909). It may be recalled here that Thurston reported the above cross resulting from the union of some Chinese convicts, deported from the Straits Settlement, and local Tamil Paraiyan}}</ref>

==Notable people==

{{more citations needed section|date=May 2013}}

* [[Jacintha Abisheganaden]], Singaporean actress

* [[Ronald Arculli]], Chairman of [[Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing]] and Non-official Members Convenor of the [[Executive Council of Hong Kong]] (Exco).

* [[Joseph Prince]], Singaporean pastor and evangelist

* [[Michelle Saram]], Hong Kong actress born in Singapore

* [[Priscilla Shunmugam]], Singaporean fashion designer

* [[Dipna Lim Prasad]], Singaporean sprinter and hurdler

* [[Prema Yin]], Malaysian singer

* [[Nadine Ann Thomas]], [[Miss Malaysia|Miss Universe Malaysia 2010]], actress, model and DJ.

* [[Joshua Simon (radio presenter)|Joshua Simon]], Singaporean radio and media personality, YouTube star<ref>{{Cite web |title=SPH Radio - Joshua Simon, Kiss92 FM |url=http://www.sphradio.sg/portfolio_page/joshua-simon-kiss92-fm/ |access-date=29 May 2018 |website=Sphradio.sg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Joshua Simon |url=https://www.youtube.com/user/hisnameisjoshuasimon |access-date=29 May 2018 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=YAAAS TV |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9Bb2wcu2FnDSNSWVU-82ZQ |access-date=29 May 2018 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

* Leong Hong Seng, former Malaysian professional footballer of [[MK Land F.C.|MK LAND FC]]

* [[Liew Kit Kong]], former Malaysia national capped footballer

* [[Ramesh Lai Ban Huat]], Malaysia professional footballer

* Raj Joshua Thomas, Singapore [[Nominated Member of Parliament]]

==See also==

* [[Chindia]]

* [[China–India relations]]

* [[Race in Singapore]]