6
edits
m
robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)
m (robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)) |
|||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox officeholder | {{Infobox officeholder | ||
| name | | name = Motilal Nehru | ||
| image | | image = MotilalNehru3.jpg | ||
| birth_date | | birth_date = {{Birth-date|6 May 1861}} | ||
| birth_place | | birth_place = [[Agra]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]<ref name="congressbio">{{citation | title=Past Presidents- Motilal Nehru | url=http://www.congress.org.in/new/past-president-detail.php?id=29 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906202727/http://www.congress.org.in/new/past-president-detail.php?id=29 | archive-date=6 September 2010 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> {{small|(present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])}} | ||
| death_date | | death_date = {{death-date and age|6 February 1931|6 May 1861}} | ||
| death_place | | death_place = [[Lucknow]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]] {{small|(present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])}} | ||
| nationality | | nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]] | ||
| spouse | | spouse = [[Swarup Rani]] | ||
| children | | children = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]<br>[[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]]<br>[[Krishna Hutheesing]] | ||
| alma_mater | | alma_mater = [[Muir Central College]] | ||
| occupation | | occupation = [[Barrister]]<br>[[Activist]]<br>[[Lawyer]]<br>[[Politician]] | ||
| profession | | profession = | ||
| signature | | signature = | ||
| website | | website = | ||
| footnotes | | footnotes = | ||
| parents | | parents = [[Gangadhar Nehru]] (father)<br>Janurani Nehru (mother) | ||
| office | | office = [[List of Presidents of the Indian National Congress|President of the Indian National Congress]] | ||
| leader = | | leader = | ||
| term_start | | term_start = 1919 | ||
| term_end | | term_end = 1920 | ||
| predecessor | | predecessor = [[Syed Hasan Imam]] | ||
| successor | | successor = [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] | ||
| term_start2 | | term_start2 = 1928 | ||
| term_end2 | | term_end2 = 1929 | ||
| leader2 = | | leader2 = | ||
| predecessor2 = [[Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari]] | | predecessor2 = [[Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari]] | ||
| successor2 | | successor2 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] | ||
| caption = Nehru in the 1910s | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Motilal Nehru''' (6 May 1861 – 6 February 1931) was an Indian lawyer, activist and politician belonging to the [[Indian National Congress]]. He also served as the [[Congress President]] twice, 1919–1920 and 1928–1929. He was a patriarch of the [[Nehru-Gandhi family]] and the father of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], the first Prime Minister of India. | '''Motilal Nehru''' (6 May 1861 – 6 February 1931) was an Indian lawyer, activist and politician belonging to the [[Indian National Congress]]. He also served as the [[Congress President]] twice, 1919–1920 and 1928–1929. He was a patriarch of the [[Nehru-Gandhi family]] and the father of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], the first Prime Minister of India. | ||
| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
At this time, Motilal's two older brothers, Bansidhar Nehru (b. 1842) and [[Nandlal Nehru]] (b. 1845), were nineteen and sixteen years old respectively. Since the family had lost nearly all its assets in the upheaval of 1857, Jeorani turned to her brother, Amarnath Zutshi of Bazaar Sitaram in old Delhi, for support until her sons could begin earning. She did receive some support from him, but all of Delhi had suffered hugely during the recent mutiny and assistance could not be open-ended. Within a couple of years, Nandlal secured a job as a clerk in the court of a Raja of Khetri and began supporting his mother and brother. | At this time, Motilal's two older brothers, Bansidhar Nehru (b. 1842) and [[Nandlal Nehru]] (b. 1845), were nineteen and sixteen years old respectively. Since the family had lost nearly all its assets in the upheaval of 1857, Jeorani turned to her brother, Amarnath Zutshi of Bazaar Sitaram in old Delhi, for support until her sons could begin earning. She did receive some support from him, but all of Delhi had suffered hugely during the recent mutiny and assistance could not be open-ended. Within a couple of years, Nandlal secured a job as a clerk in the court of a Raja of Khetri and began supporting his mother and brother. | ||
Thus, Motilal came to spend his childhood in [[Khetri]], second largest [[thikana]] (feudal estate) within the princely state of [[Jaipur State|Jaipur]], now in Rajasthan. His elder brother, [[Nand lal Nehru|Nandlal]] gained the favour of Raja Fateh Singh of Khetri, who was the same age as him, and rose to the position of [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]] (Chief Minister; effectively the manager) of the vast feudal estate. In 1870, Fateh Singh died childless and was succeeded by a distant cousin, who had little use for his predecessor's confidants. Nandlal left Khetri for Agra and found that his prior career at Khetri equipped him to advise litigants regarding their legal suits. Once he realised this, he exhibited his industry and resilience again by studying for and passing the necessary examinations so that he could practice law in the British colonial courts. He then began practising law at the provincial High Court at [[Agra]]. Subsequently, the [[High Court]] shifted base to [[Allahabad]], and the family (including Motilal) moved to that city.<ref name="congressbio"/><ref>[http://www.congresssandesh.com/AICC/history/presidents/pandit_motilal_nehru.htm Pandit Motilal Nehru Profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227092644/http://www.congresssandesh.com/AICC/history/presidents/pandit_motilal_nehru.htm |date=27 December 2009 }} Congress Sandesh.</ref><ref name="iloveindia.com">[http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/motilal-nehru.html Motilala Nehru] I Love India.com</ref><ref>[ | Thus, Motilal came to spend his childhood in [[Khetri]], second largest [[thikana]] (feudal estate) within the princely state of [[Jaipur State|Jaipur]], now in Rajasthan. His elder brother, [[Nand lal Nehru|Nandlal]] gained the favour of Raja Fateh Singh of Khetri, who was the same age as him, and rose to the position of [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]] (Chief Minister; effectively the manager) of the vast feudal estate. In 1870, Fateh Singh died childless and was succeeded by a distant cousin, who had little use for his predecessor's confidants. Nandlal left Khetri for Agra and found that his prior career at Khetri equipped him to advise litigants regarding their legal suits. Once he realised this, he exhibited his industry and resilience again by studying for and passing the necessary examinations so that he could practice law in the British colonial courts. He then began practising law at the provincial High Court at [[Agra]]. Subsequently, the [[High Court]] shifted base to [[Allahabad]], and the family (including Motilal) moved to that city.<ref name="congressbio"/><ref>[http://www.congresssandesh.com/AICC/history/presidents/pandit_motilal_nehru.htm Pandit Motilal Nehru Profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227092644/http://www.congresssandesh.com/AICC/history/presidents/pandit_motilal_nehru.htm |date=27 December 2009 }} Congress Sandesh.</ref><ref name="iloveindia.com">[http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/motilal-nehru.html Motilala Nehru] I Love India.com</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/408247/Motilal-Nehru Motilal Nehru] [[Britannica.com]].</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amaltas.org/category/great-indian-personalities/motilal-nehru/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=10 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080102071042/http://www.amaltas.org/category/great-indian-personalities/motilal-nehru/ |archive-date=2 January 2008 }}</ref> | ||
==Career== | ==Career== | ||
Motilal passed the lawyer examination in 1883 and began practising as a lawyer at Kanpur. Three years later, he moved to [[Allahabad]] to join the lucrative practice already established by his brother Nandlal. The following year, in April 1887, his brother died at the age of forty-two, leaving behind five sons and two daughters. Thus Motilal at the age of 25 became sole bread-earner of the extended Nehru family.<ref name="congressbio" /> | Motilal passed the lawyer examination in 1883 and began practising as a lawyer at Kanpur. Three years later, he moved to [[Allahabad]] to join the lucrative practice already established by his brother Nandlal. The following year, in April 1887, his brother died at the age of forty-two, leaving behind five sons and two daughters. Thus Motilal at the age of 25 became sole bread-earner of the extended Nehru family.<ref name="congressbio" /> | ||
Many of Motilal's suits were civil cases involving large land-owning families and soon he made a mark for himself in the legal profession of Allahabad. With the success of his practice, in 1900, he bought a large family home in the Civil Lines of the city, rebuilt it and named it [[Anand Bhavan]] (lit. Joy house).<ref name="congressbio" /> In 1909 he reached the pinnacle of his legal career by gaining the approval to appear in the [[Privy Council]] of Great Britain.<ref name="Brown 2014 p. 22">{{cite book | last=Brown | first=J.M. | title=Nehru | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Profiles In Power | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-317-87476-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w2fXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 | language=de | access-date=2019-08-29 | page=22}}</ref><ref name="Goswami Nayak Singh 1976 p. ">{{cite book | last1=Goswami | first1=D.C. | last2=Nayak | first2=R.K. | last3=Singh | first3=S.D. | title=Pandit Motilal Nehru, a Great Patriot | publisher=National Forum of Lawyers and Legal Aid | year=1976 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9UBAAAAMAAJ | access-date=2019-08-29 }}</ref> His frequent visits to Europe angered the Kashmiri Brahmin community as he refused to perform the traditional "prayashchit", or reformation ceremony, after crossing the ocean (according to Strict Hinduism, one lost one's caste after crossing the ocean, and was required to perform certain penance rites to regain caste).<ref name="Nehru Kumar Panigrahi 1982 p.72 ">{{cite book | last1=Nehru | first1=M. | last2=Kumar | first2=R. | last3=Panigrahi | first3=D.N. | title=Selected Works of Motilal Nehru: 1899-1918 | publisher=Vikas | series=Selected Works of Motilal Nehru | year=1982 | isbn=978-0-7069-1885-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MY5HAAAAMAAJ | access-date=2019-08-29 | page=72}}</ref><ref name="मिश्र 2013 p.8 ">{{cite book | last=मिश्र | first=बंशीधर | title=मोतीलाल नेहरू | publisher=Neśanala Buka Ṭrasṭa, Iṇḍiyā | series=राष्ट्रीय जीवन-चरित | year=2013 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TqBcq_5iX1cC | language=hi | access-date=2019-08-29 | page=8| isbn=9788123767994 }}</ref> He was the first | Many of Motilal's suits were civil cases involving large land-owning families and soon he made a mark for himself in the legal profession of Allahabad. With the success of his practice, in 1900, he bought a large family home in the Civil Lines of the city, rebuilt it and named it [[Swaraj Bhavan|Anand Bhavan]] (lit. Joy house).<ref name="congressbio" /> In 1909 he reached the pinnacle of his legal career by gaining the approval to appear in the [[Privy Council]] of Great Britain.<ref name="Brown 2014 p. 22">{{cite book | last=Brown | first=J.M. | title=Nehru | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Profiles In Power | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-317-87476-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w2fXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 | language=de | access-date=2019-08-29 | page=22}}</ref><ref name="Goswami Nayak Singh 1976 p. ">{{cite book | last1=Goswami | first1=D.C. | last2=Nayak | first2=R.K. | last3=Singh | first3=S.D. | title=Pandit Motilal Nehru, a Great Patriot | publisher=National Forum of Lawyers and Legal Aid | year=1976 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9UBAAAAMAAJ | access-date=2019-08-29 }}</ref> His frequent visits to Europe angered the Kashmiri Brahmin community as he refused to perform the traditional "prayashchit", or reformation ceremony, after crossing the ocean (according to Strict Hinduism, one lost one's caste after crossing the ocean, and was required to perform certain penance rites to regain caste).<ref name="Nehru Kumar Panigrahi 1982 p.72 ">{{cite book | last1=Nehru | first1=M. | last2=Kumar | first2=R. | last3=Panigrahi | first3=D.N. | title=Selected Works of Motilal Nehru: 1899-1918 | publisher=Vikas | series=Selected Works of Motilal Nehru | year=1982 | isbn=978-0-7069-1885-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MY5HAAAAMAAJ | access-date=2019-08-29 | page=72}}</ref><ref name="मिश्र 2013 p.8 ">{{cite book | last=मिश्र | first=बंशीधर | title=मोतीलाल नेहरू | publisher=Neśanala Buka Ṭrasṭa, Iṇḍiyā | series=राष्ट्रीय जीवन-चरित | year=2013 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TqBcq_5iX1cC | language=hi | access-date=2019-08-29 | page=8| isbn=9788123767994 }}</ref> He was the first chairman of the board of directors of [[The Leader (Allahabad newspaper)|The Leader]], a leading daily published from Allahabad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.congress.org.in/role-of-press.php|title=Role of Press in India's Struggle for Freedom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723140639/http://www.congress.org.in/role-of-press.php|archive-date=23 July 2010}}</ref> | ||
On 5 February 1919 he launched a new daily paper, [[The Independent (India)|The Independent]], as a counterblast to The Leader, which was much too liberal for Motilal's standard and articulate thought in 1919.<ref name="congressbio" /> | On 5 February 1919 he launched a new daily paper, [[The Independent (India)|The Independent]], as a counterblast to The Leader, which was much too liberal for Motilal's standard and articulate thought in 1919.<ref name="congressbio" /> | ||
| Line 71: | Line 71: | ||
===Tribute=== | ===Tribute=== | ||
Paying tribute to Motilal Nehru, the British Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court, Sir Grimwood Mears,<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Edward Grimwood-Mears Captain 1939 to 1942|url=http://www.gandjlawrence.co.uk/GolfClub/hro/GrimwoodMears/GrimwoodMears.htm|access-date=5 July 2015}}</ref> stated:{{ | Paying tribute to Motilal Nehru, the British Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court, [[Grimwood Mears|Sir Grimwood Mears]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Edward Grimwood-Mears Captain 1939 to 1942|url=http://www.gandjlawrence.co.uk/GolfClub/hro/GrimwoodMears/GrimwoodMears.htm|access-date=5 July 2015}}</ref> stated:{{Blockquote|He had a profusion of gifts, and as an advocate he had the art of presenting his case in its most attractive form...He had an exquisite public speaking voice and a charm of manner which made it a pleasure to listen to him...With his wide range of reading and the pleasure that he had taken in travel he was a very delightful private companion and wherever he sat at a table there was the head of the table and there was the centre of interest. He has left behind a very great reputation in this court and his name will always be associated with this Court and be one of the traditions of this Court.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pandit Moti Lal Nehru|url=http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/event/PtMotiLalNehruNDOjha.pdf|work = Official website of Allahabad High Court|access-date=5 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography|author=Ghose, Sankar |page=5|year=1993|isbn=9788170233695}}</ref>}} | ||
==Works== | ==Works== | ||
| Line 100: | Line 100: | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nehru, Motilal}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Nehru, Motilal}} | ||
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]] | [[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
[[Category:Kashmiri Hindus]] | |||
[[Category:Kashmiri Pandits]] | |||
[[Category:Kashmiri people]] | [[Category:Kashmiri people]] | ||
[[Category:Presidents of the Indian National Congress]] | [[Category:Presidents of the Indian National Congress]] | ||