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| name = Maneka Gandhi | | name = Maneka Gandhi | ||
| image = Maneka Gandhi.jpg | | image = Maneka Gandhi.jpg | ||
| caption = | | caption = Gandhi in 2014 | ||
| birth_name = Maneka Anand | | birth_name = Maneka Anand | ||
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|08|26|df=yes}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|08|26|df=yes}} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Maneka Sanjay Gandhi''' (also spelled Menaka; [[Married and maiden names|''née'']] Anand) (born 26 August 1956) is an Indian politician, [[animal rights activist]], and environmentalist. She is a member of the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the Indian parliament and a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). She is the widow of Indian politician [[Sanjay Gandhi]]. She has been a minister in four governments, most recently in [[Narendra Modi's government]] from May 2014 to May 2019. Gandhi inspired many individuals towards social entrepreneurship for example TreeAndHumanKnot in August 2020 which triggered it become a | '''Maneka Sanjay Gandhi''' (also spelled Menaka; [[Married and maiden names|''née'']] Anand) (born 26 August 1956) is an Indian politician, [[animal rights activist]], and environmentalist. She is a member of the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the Indian parliament and a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). She is the widow of Indian politician [[Sanjay Gandhi]]. She has been a minister in four governments, most recently in [[Narendra Modi's government]] from May 2014 to May 2019. Gandhi inspired many individuals towards social entrepreneurship for example TreeAndHumanKnot in August 2020 which triggered it become a nationwide movement to plant fruit trees by couples. | ||
She also authored a number of books in the areas of [[etymology]], law and [[animal welfare]]. | She also authored a number of books in the areas of [[etymology]], law and [[animal welfare]]. | ||
==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
Maneka Anand was born on 26 August 1956 in [[Delhi]], [[India]] into a [[Sikh]] family. Her father was [[Indian Army]] officer Lt. Col. Tarlochan Singh Anand and her mother was Amteshwar Anand, daughter of Sir | Maneka Anand was born on 26 August 1956 in [[Delhi]], [[India]] into a [[Sikh]] family. Her father was [[Indian Army]] officer Lt. Col. Tarlochan Singh Anand and her mother was Amteshwar Anand, daughter of Sir Datar Singh. She was educated at [[The Lawrence School, Sanawar]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Members : Lok Sabha |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofileBrief.aspx?mpsno=129 |website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref> and later at [[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/model-gandhi-bahu-modis-minister-manekas-big-fight-against-dynasty-1543137.html|title=Model, Gandhi bahu, Modi's minister: Maneka's fight against dynasty|website=Firstpost.com|date=27 May 2014|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref><ref name = "India Today">{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/exclusive-extract-from-khushwant-singhs-autobiography/1/289506.html|title=Exclusive extract from Khushwant Singhs autobiography}}</ref> She subsequently studied [[German language|German]] at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YJ5eAAAAIBAJ&pg=5763,5470655|title=Mrs Gandhi's son to marry|access-date=15 July 2012|newspaper=St. Josephs News Press|date=29 July 1974}}</ref> | ||
Maneka first met [[Sanjay Gandhi]] in 1973 at a cocktail party thrown by her uncle, Major-General Kapur, to celebrate the forthcoming marriage of his son. Maneka married Gandhi, the son of the Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], one year later on 23 September 1974.<ref name=Singh>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Kushwant|title=Mrs. G, Maneka and the Anands|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020210/spectrum/book5.htm|access-date=20 August 2012|newspaper=The Tribune|date=10 February 2002}}</ref> | Maneka first met [[Sanjay Gandhi]] in 1973 at a cocktail party thrown by her uncle, Major-General Kapur, to celebrate the forthcoming marriage of his son. Maneka married Gandhi, the son of the Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], one year later on 23 September 1974.<ref name=Singh>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Kushwant|title=Mrs. G, Maneka and the Anands|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020210/spectrum/book5.htm|access-date=20 August 2012|newspaper=The Tribune|date=10 February 2002}}</ref> | ||
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Gandhi went to court to fight an attempt by the government in power at the time to confiscate her passport and won a landmark decision on personal liberty. In the case of ''[[Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India|Maneka Gandhi v Union of India]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India, 1978 AIR 597 |url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1766147/ |publisher=Supreme Court of India |access-date=27 October 2013}}</ref> the court found that "Democracy is based essentially on free debate and open discussion, for that is the only corrective of government action in a democratic setup." | Gandhi went to court to fight an attempt by the government in power at the time to confiscate her passport and won a landmark decision on personal liberty. In the case of ''[[Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India|Maneka Gandhi v Union of India]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India, 1978 AIR 597 |url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1766147/ |publisher=Supreme Court of India |access-date=27 October 2013}}</ref> the court found that "Democracy is based essentially on free debate and open discussion, for that is the only corrective of government action in a democratic setup." | ||
In 1980 Gandhi gave birth to a son, Feroze, named after his paternal grandfather. Her mother-in-law added the name [[Varun Gandhi|Varun]]. Gandhi was just twenty-three years old, and her son just 100 days old, when her husband died in an air crash.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050806/asp/weekend/story_5061896.asp |title=Art of commitment |last=Basu|first=Arundhati|location=Calcutta, India|work=The Telegraph|date=6 August 2005}}</ref> | In 1980, Gandhi gave birth to a son, Feroze, named after his paternal grandfather. Her mother-in-law added the name [[Varun Gandhi|Varun]]. Gandhi was just twenty-three years old, and her son just 100 days old, when her husband died in an air crash.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050806/asp/weekend/story_5061896.asp |title=Art of commitment |last=Basu|first=Arundhati|location=Calcutta, India|work=The Telegraph|date=6 August 2005}}</ref> | ||
==Early life and career== | ==Early life and career== | ||
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==Activism== | ==Activism== | ||
Gandhi is | Gandhi is an environmentalist and [[animal rights]] leader in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm |title=Biographical Sketch |website=Parliamentofindia.nic.in |access-date=2 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501085957/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm |archive-date=1 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> She has earned international awards and acclaim.<ref>See, e.g., Gandhi's MP "[http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm Biographical Sketch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501085957/http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok12/biodata/12UP13.htm |date=1 May 2015 }}" in which her profession is described as "Writer, Animal Activist and Environmentalist". See also, "[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/03/world/asia/03gandhi.html?_r=1&ref=global-home Indian Scion Speaks Out, and Uproar Follows Him]" (NYT, 2 April 2009) which states: "Maneka Gandhi has cultivated a reputation as an animal rights champion."</ref> She was appointed [[chairwoman]] of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) in 1995. Under her direction, CPCSEA members carried unannounced inspections of laboratories where animals are used for scientific research were conducted.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sachbharat.in/maneka-sanjay-gandhi |title=Maneka Sanjay Gandhi |website=Sachbharat.in |access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202064338/http://www.sachbharat.in/maneka-sanjay-gandhi|archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref> | ||
Gandhi has filed [[Public Interest Litigation]]s that have achieved the replacement of the municipal killing of homeless dogs with a sterilisation programme (Animal Birth Control programs, commonly abbreviated as ABCs), the unregulated sale of airguns and a ban on mobile or travelling zoos. She currently chairs the Jury of International Energy Globe Foundation which meets annually in [[Austria]] to award the best environmental innovations of the year. She is a member of the [[Eurosolar]] Board and the [[Wuppertal Institute]], [[Germany]]. | Gandhi has filed [[Public Interest Litigation]]s that have achieved the replacement of the municipal killing of homeless dogs with a sterilisation programme (Animal Birth Control programs, commonly abbreviated as ABCs), the unregulated sale of airguns and a ban on mobile or travelling zoos. She currently chairs the Jury of International Energy Globe Foundation which meets annually in [[Austria]] to award the best environmental innovations of the year. She is a member of the [[Eurosolar]] Board and the [[Wuppertal Institute]], [[Germany]]. | ||
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;Alleged spread of hatred against Muslims | ;Alleged spread of hatred against Muslims | ||
Police in Kerala booked Gandhi the basis of complaints against her for promoting hatred by levelling accusations coated with communal overtones for a death of a pregnant elephant, against residents in the Muslim-majority district of [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]] | Police in Kerala booked Gandhi the basis of complaints against her for promoting hatred by levelling accusations coated with communal overtones for a death of a pregnant elephant, against residents in the Muslim-majority district of [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]] in June 2020. While the elephant died in Mannarcad, [[Palakkad district]], nearly 90 km from Malappuram, BJP leaders including Gandhi targeted the only Muslim-majority district of Kerala.<ref name="Telegraph2020">{{cite web | last=Rakesh | first=K.M. | title=Maneka Gandhi booked for jumbo hate drive | website=Telegraph India | date=2020-06-06 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/maneka-gandhi-booked-for-jumbo-hate-drive/cid/1778732 | access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/news-analysis/story/factually-speaking-why-maneka-gandhi-s-claims-on-kerala-elephants-malappuram-crime-rate-are-baseless-1685879-2020-06-05 |title=Factually speaking: Maneka Gandhi's claims on Kerala elephants, Malappuram crime rate are baseless – News Analysis News }}</ref> She said: “It’s a murder. Malappuram is famous for such incidents, it’s India’s most violent district. For instance, they throw poison on roads so that 300–400 birds & dogs die at one time”.<ref name="Ellis-Petersen2020">{{cite web | last=Ellis-Petersen | first=Hannah | title=Killing of elephant with explosive-laden fruit causes outrage in India | website=the Guardian | date=2020-06-05 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/05/killing-of-elephant-with-explosive-laden-fruit-causes-outrage-in-india | access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref><ref name="Huffingtonpost2020">{{cite web | last=Sebastian | first=Meryl | title=How The Kerala Elephant Death Got Communalised Thanks To Maneka Gandhi | website=HuffPost India | date=2020-06-04 | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/kerala-elephant-death-communalised_in_5ed877d8c5b6ea15610b547f | access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref> The incident was used by many right-wingers to proliferate anti-Muslim resentment and to demonize the community. A multitude of hateful messages towards Malappuram and its people accompanied her remarks, triggering enraged responses.<ref name="N2020">{{cite web | last=N | first=Smitha | title=Communal colour added to pregnant elephant's death in Kerala | website=Deccan Chronicle | date=2020-06-04 | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/040620/communal-colour-added-to-pregnant-elephants-death-in-kerala.html | access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref> She was charged with adding communal color to an animal-related issue that would otherwise be constrained within the Department of Forests.<ref name="TheHinduelephant2020">{{cite news | title=Case filed against Maneka Gandhi | website=The Hindu | date=2020-06-05 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/case-filed-against-maneka-gandhi/article31761081.ece | access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref> A group calling themselves Kerala Cyber Warriors briefly hacked Maneka Gandhi's website, People for Animals, India.<ref name="TheHinduhack2020">{{cite news | title=People for Animals website hacked | website=The Hindu | date=2020-06-05 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pfa-website-hacked-by-kerala-group/article31756407.ece | access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref><ref name="The Quint 2020">{{cite web | title=Fact Check: All Fake News Linked to Killing of Pregnant Elephant in Kerala Debunked | website=The Quint | date=2020-06-06 | url=https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/webqoof-killing-pregnant-elephant-kerala-fake-news-maneka-malappuram-palakkad | access-date=2020-06-22}}</ref> | ||
==Electoral history== | ==Electoral history== | ||
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[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]] | [[Category:Janata Dal politicians]] | ||
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]] | [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
[[Category:Indian | [[Category:Indian animal rights activists]] | ||
[[Category:Indian environmentalists]] | [[Category:Indian environmentalists]] | ||
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]] | [[Category:Indian Sikhs]] | ||
[[Category:Indian women environmentalists]] | |||
[[Category:Punjabi people]] | [[Category:Punjabi people]] | ||
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]] | [[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]] | ||
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[[Category:16th Lok Sabha members]] | [[Category:16th Lok Sabha members]] | ||
[[Category:17th Lok Sabha members]] | [[Category:17th Lok Sabha members]] | ||
[[Category:V. P. Singh administration]] | [[Category:V. P. Singh administration]] | ||
[[Category:Animal welfare and rights in India]] | [[Category:Animal welfare and rights in India]] | ||