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{{Short description| | {{Short description|City in Haryana state of India, and place where Krishna preached Bhagavadgītā to Arjuna}} | ||
{{About|the municipality in India}} | {{About|the municipality in India}} | ||
{{for|neighbouring town|Thanesar}} | {{for|neighbouring town|Thanesar}} | ||
{{more citations needed|date=February 2015}} | {{more citations needed|date=February 2015}} | ||
{{ | {{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name | | name = Kurukshetra | ||
| other_name | | other_name = Dharmakshetra | ||
| settlement_type | | settlement_type = City | ||
| pushpin_map | | pushpin_map = India Haryana#India | ||
| pushpin_label_position | | pushpin_label_position = | ||
| coordinates | | coordinates = {{coord|29.965717|N|76.837006|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| image_skyline | | image_skyline = Hitopadesha.jpg | ||
| image_caption | | image_caption = Bronze chariot with [[Krishna]] and [[Arjuna]] in Kurukshetra | ||
| subdivision_type | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_name | | subdivision_name = {{IND}} | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | subdivision_type1 = State | ||
| subdivision_type2 | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 | | subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 | | subdivision_name2 = [[Kurukshetra District|Kurukshetra]] | ||
| named_for | | named_for = [[Kurukshetra War]] | ||
| unit_pref | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| area_total_km2 | | area_total_km2 = 48 | ||
| population_density_km2 | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| demographics_type1 | | demographics_type1 = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 85–86 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 24 March 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133948/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |website=National Commission of Linguistic Minorities, India|archive-date = 15 November 2016 }}</ref><ref name="punjabiofficial">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=IANS |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=24 March 2019|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service }}</ref> | ||
| demographics1_title1 | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| demographics1_info1 | | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]] | ||
| demographics1_title2 | | demographics1_title2 = Additional official | ||
| demographics1_info2 | | demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] | ||
| timezone1 | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| utc_offset1 | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| postal_code_type | | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | ||
| postal_code | | postal_code = 136118 | ||
| area_code | | area_code = 01744 | ||
| area_code_type | | area_code_type = Telephone code | ||
| iso_code | | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]] | ||
| registration_plate | | registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-07 | ||
| website | | website = {{URL|kurukshetra.gov.in}} | ||
| official_name | | official_name = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Kurukshetra''' ({{IPA-hi|kʊrʊkʃeːtɾə}}, {{audio|Kurukshetra.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a city in the Indian state of [[Haryana]]. It is also known as '''Dharmakshetra''' (" | '''Kurukshetra''' ({{IPA-hi|kʊrʊkʃeːtɾə}}, {{audio|Kurukshetra.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a city in the Indian state of [[Haryana]]. It is also known as '''Dharmakshetra''' ("Realm of duty ") and as the "Land of the [[Bhagavad Gita]]". | ||
==Legends== | ==Legends== | ||
{{See also|Kurukshetra War|label 1 = }} | {{See also|Kurukshetra War|label 1 = }} | ||
[[File:Kurukshetra.jpg|200px|thumb|left|A manuscript of [[Mahabharata]] depicting the war at Kurukshetra]] | [[File:Kurukshetra.jpg|200px|thumb|left|A manuscript of ''[[Mahabharata]]'' depicting the war at Kurukshetra]] | ||
According to the [[Puranas]], Kurukshetra is a region named after [[King Kuru]], the ancestor of Kauravas and Pandavas in the [[Kuru kingdom]], as depicted in epic [[Mahabharata]]. The [[Kurukshetra War]] of the | According to the [[Puranas]], Kurukshetra is a region named after [[King Kuru]], the ancestor of Kauravas and Pandavas in the [[Kuru kingdom]], as depicted in epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''. The [[Kurukshetra War]] of the ''Mahabharata'' is believed to have taken place here. [[Thaneswar]] whose urban area is merged with Kurukshetra is a pilgrimage site with many locations attributed to ''Mahabharata''.<ref>{{cite web | title = Kurukshetra (India)|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica | url = https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325415/Kurukshetra | access-date = 9 August 2014 }}</ref> | ||
In the Vedas Kurukshetra is described not as a city but as a region ("[[Tirtha (Hinduism)#Kshetra|kshetra]]" means "region" in Sanskrit). The boundaries of Kurukshetra correspond roughly to the central and western parts of the state of Haryana and southern Punjab. According to the [[Taittiriya Aranyaka]] 5.1.1., the Kurukshetra region is south of Turghna (Srughna/Sugh in [[Sirhind]], Punjab), north of [[Khandava Forest|Khandava]] (Delhi and [[Mewat]] region), east of [[Thar Desert|Maru]] (desert), and west of Parin.<ref>[http://www.omilosmeleton.gr/english/documents/VedicEvidenceforAMT.pdf Agarwal, Vishal: Is There Vedic Evidence for the Indo-Aryan Immigration to India?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528001253/http://www.omilosmeleton.gr/english/documents/VedicEvidenceforAMT.pdf |date=28 May 2008 }}</ref> | In the Vedas Kurukshetra is described not as a city but as a region ("[[Tirtha (Hinduism)#Kshetra|kshetra]]" means "region" in Sanskrit). The boundaries of Kurukshetra correspond roughly to the central and western parts of the state of Haryana and southern Punjab. According to the [[Taittiriya Aranyaka]] 5.1.1., the Kurukshetra region is south of Turghna (Srughna/Sugh in [[Sirhind]], Punjab), north of [[Khandava Forest|Khandava]] (Delhi and [[Mewat]] region), east of [[Thar Desert|Maru]] (desert), and west of Parin.<ref>[http://www.omilosmeleton.gr/english/documents/VedicEvidenceforAMT.pdf Agarwal, Vishal: Is There Vedic Evidence for the Indo-Aryan Immigration to India?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528001253/http://www.omilosmeleton.gr/english/documents/VedicEvidenceforAMT.pdf |date=28 May 2008 }}</ref> | ||
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Kurukshetra reached the zenith of its progress during the reign of King [[Harsha]], during which Chinese scholar [[Xuanzang]] visited Thanesar. | Kurukshetra reached the zenith of its progress during the reign of King [[Harsha]], during which Chinese scholar [[Xuanzang]] visited Thanesar. | ||
Kurukshetra was conquered by the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] empire in the late 4th century BCE and subsequently became a center of Buddhism and Hinduism. The history of Kurukshetra is little-known in between the collapse of the Mauryans and the rise of the [[Kushan Empire|Kushans]] who conquered the region. After the decline of Kushan power in the region, Kurukshetra became independent only to become conquered by the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta empire]] in the early 4th century CE. Under Gupta rule, Kurukshetra experienced a cultural and religious revival and became a center for Hinduism. After the fall of the Gupta, the [[Pushyabhuti dynasty]] ruled over Kurukshetra.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume 5: Asia and Oceania|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|year=1996|isbn=1-884964-04-4|editor-last=Schellinger|editor-first=Paul|location=Chicago|pages=507–508| | Kurukshetra was conquered by the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] empire in the late 4th century BCE and subsequently became a center of Buddhism and Hinduism. The history of Kurukshetra is little-known in between the collapse of the Mauryans and the rise of the [[Kushan Empire|Kushans]] who conquered the region. After the decline of Kushan power in the region, Kurukshetra became independent only to become conquered by the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta empire]] in the early 4th century CE. Under Gupta rule, Kurukshetra experienced a cultural and religious revival and became a center for Hinduism. After the fall of the Gupta, the [[Pushyabhuti dynasty]] ruled over Kurukshetra.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume 5: Asia and Oceania|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|year=1996|isbn=1-884964-04-4|editor-last=Schellinger|editor-first=Paul|location=Chicago|pages=507–508|editor2-last=Salkin|editor2-first=Robert}}</ref> | ||
Civil war broke out when [[Harsha]] (of the Pushyabhuti dynasty) died without a successor in 647. A Kashmiri army briefly conquered Kurukshetra in 733 but were unable to establish dominion in the area. In 736, the [[Tomara dynasty]] was founded and they took over the region. Around the early 9th century, Kurukshetra lost its independence to Bengal. [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] sacked Kurukshetra in 1014 and Muslim raiders sacked it in 1034. Kurukshetra was incorporated into the [[Delhi Sultanate]] in 1206. Other than a short moment of independence from the result of a rebellion within the Sultanate in 1240, Kurukshetra was under the control of Delhi until 1388.<ref name=":0" /> | Civil war broke out when [[Harsha]] (of the Pushyabhuti dynasty) died without a successor in 647. A Kashmiri army briefly conquered Kurukshetra in 733 but were unable to establish dominion in the area. In 736, the [[Tomara dynasty]] was founded and they took over the region. Around the early 9th century, Kurukshetra lost its independence to Bengal. [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] sacked Kurukshetra in 1014 and Muslim raiders sacked it in 1034. Kurukshetra was incorporated into the [[Delhi Sultanate]] in 1206. Other than a short moment of independence from the result of a rebellion within the Sultanate in 1240, Kurukshetra was under the control of Delhi until 1388.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
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==Demography== | ==Demography== | ||
In 2017, the government declared Kurukshetra a holy city and the sale, possession, and consumption of meat are banned within the limits of the Municipal Corporation due to its religious significance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/haryana-bans-meat-in-holy-towns-of-kurukshetra-pehowa/993170|title=Haryana bans meat in holy towns of Kurukshetra, Pehowa|work=The Indian Express|access-date=31 March 2013}}</ref> | {{Pie chart|value1=83.47|value2=14.55|value3=1.66|value4=0.20|value5=0.12|color1=orange|color2=yellow|color3=green|color4=blue|color5=black|caption=Religion in Kurukshetra (2011) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiacensus.net/district/kurukshetra|title=Kurukshetra Population 2021}}</ref>|label1=Hinduism|label2=Sikhism|label3=Islam|label4=Christianity|label5=Other/Not Stated}} | ||
In 2017, the government declared Kurukshetra a holy city and the sale, possession, and consumption of meat are banned within the limits of the Municipal Corporation due to its religious significance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/haryana-bans-meat-in-holy-towns-of-kurukshetra-pehowa/993170|title=Haryana bans meat in holy towns of Kurukshetra, Pehowa|work=The Indian Express|date=25 August 2012|access-date=31 March 2013}}</ref> | |||
==Transport== | ==Transport== | ||
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==Educational institutes== | ==Educational institutes== | ||
* [[Kurukshetra University]] | * [[Kurukshetra University]] | ||
* [[National Institute of Design, | * [[National Institute of Design, Haryana|National Institute of Design]] | ||
* [[National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra]] | * [[National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra]] | ||
* [[Shri Krishna AYUSH University]] | * [[Shri Krishna AYUSH University]] | ||
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* The [[Deputy Commissioner (India)|Deputy Commissioner]], an officer belonging to the [[Indian Administrative Service]], is in charge of the General Administration in the [[Districts of Haryana|district]]. He is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Haryana Civil Service and other Haryana state services. | * The [[Deputy Commissioner (India)|Deputy Commissioner]], an officer belonging to the [[Indian Administrative Service]], is in charge of the General Administration in the [[Districts of Haryana|district]]. He is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Haryana Civil Service and other Haryana state services. | ||
* The [[Superintendent of Police (India)|Superintendent of Police]], an officer belonging to the [[Indian Police Service]], is responsible for maintaining Law & Order and related issues in the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Haryana Police Service and other Haryana Police officials. | * The [[Superintendent of Police (India)|Superintendent of Police]], an officer belonging to the [[Indian Police Service]], is responsible for maintaining Law & Order and related issues in the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Haryana Police Service and other Haryana Police officials. | ||
* The | * The Deputy Conservator of Forests, an officer belonging to the [[Indian Forest Service]], is responsible for the management of the Forests, Environment, and Wildlife in the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Haryana Forest Service and other Haryana Forest officials and Haryana Wildlife officials. | ||
* Sectoral development is looked after by the district head/officer of each development department such as PWD, Health, Education, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Statistics, etc. These officers are from various Haryana state services. | * Sectoral development is looked after by the district head/officer of each development department such as PWD, Health, Education, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Statistics, etc. These officers are from various Haryana state services. | ||
*[[Shahbad]], [[Ladwa]], [[Pehowa]], Babain, Ismailabad, and [[Jhansa]] are other towns in the district with significant populations. | *[[Shahbad]], [[Ladwa]], [[Pehowa]], Babain, Ismailabad, and [[Jhansa]] are other towns in the district with significant populations. | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
==Notable | ==Notable people== | ||
* [[Nayab Singh|Nayab Singh Saini]], [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] of [[Kurukshetra district|Kurukshetra]] | * [[Nayab Singh|Nayab Singh Saini]], [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] of [[Kurukshetra district|Kurukshetra]] | ||
* [[Pawan Saini|Dr. Pawan Saini]], | * [[Pawan Saini|Dr. Pawan Saini]], doctor, academician, [[Activism|social activist]] and former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of [[Ladwa]] | ||
* [[Raj Kumar Saini]], | * [[Raj Kumar Saini]], former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] from [[Kurukshetra district|Kurukshetra]] of [[16th Lok Sabha]] | ||
* [[Sandeep Singh|Sandeep Singh Saini]], | * [[Sandeep Singh|Sandeep Singh Saini]], former captain of Indian Hockey team, current [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Pehowa]] and [[Cabinet minister|Sports Minister of Haryana]] | ||
* [[Kailasho Devi|Kailasho Devi Saini]], | * [[Kailasho Devi|Kailasho Devi Saini]], politician and former [[Member of parliament|Member of Parliament]] | ||
* [[Surinder Kaur (field hockey)|Surinder Kaur]], | * [[Surinder Kaur (field hockey)|Surinder Kaur]], Hockey player and member of the [[India women's national field hockey team|national field hockey team]] | ||
* [[Rohit Sardana]], | * [[Rohit Sardana]], journalist, anchor and media personality | ||
* [[Sanjay Chaudhary]], HUM Foundation, Social Activist | |||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||