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{{Short description|"Smart bombs", used to strike targets precisely}}
{{Short description|"Smart bombs", used to strike targets precisely}}
{{Redirect|Smart munition|weapon systems customized to a single person|Smart gun}}
{{Redirect|Smart munition|weapon systems customized to a single person|Smart gun}}
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{{Use American English|date = February 2019}}
{{Use American English|date = February 2019}}
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[[File:GBU53 Strike.gif|thumb|Afghan Air Force [[GBU-58]] guided bomb strikes a [[Taliban]] compound in [[Farah Province]], [[Afghanistan]]]]
[[File:GBU53 Strike.gif|thumb|Afghan Air Force [[GBU-58]] guided bomb strikes a [[Taliban]] compound in [[Farah Province]], [[Afghanistan]]]]


A '''precision-guided munition''' ('''PGM''', '''smart weapon''', '''smart munition''', '''smart bomb''') is a guided [[Ammunition|munition]] intended to precisely hit a specific target, to minimize [[collateral damage]] and increase [[lethality]] against intended targets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/docs/paper53.htm|title=Precision guided munitions and the new era of warfare|last=Hallion|first=Richard|year=1995|publisher=Air Power Studies Centre, Royal Australian Air Force|access-date=2009-02-02}}</ref> During the First Gulf War guided munitions accounted for only 9% of weapons fired, but accounted for 75% of all successful hits. Despite guided weapons generally being used on more difficult targets, they were still 35 times more likely to destroy their targets per weapon dropped.<ref name="washingtonpost.com">{{cite web| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/2002/12/15/bursts-of-brilliance/0c06b132-2d70-41e6-882e-5c4ece8f5fcf/| title = Bursts of Brilliance - The Washington Post}}</ref>
A '''precision-guided munition''' ('''PGM''', '''smart weapon''', '''smart munition''', '''smart bomb''') is a guided [[Ammunition|munition]] intended to precisely hit a specific target, to minimize [[collateral damage]] and increase [[lethality]] against intended targets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/docs/paper53.htm|title=Precision guided munitions and the new era of warfare|last=Hallion|first=Richard|year=1995|publisher=Air Power Studies Centre, Royal Australian Air Force|access-date=2009-02-02}}</ref> During the First Gulf War guided munitions accounted for only 9% of weapons fired, but accounted for 75% of all successful hits. Despite guided weapons generally being used on more difficult targets, they were still 35 times more likely to destroy their targets per weapon dropped.<ref name="washingtonpost.com">{{cite news| url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/2002/12/15/bursts-of-brilliance/0c06b132-2d70-41e6-882e-5c4ece8f5fcf/| title = Bursts of Brilliance - The Washington Post| newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>


Because the damage effects of [[explosive weapon]]s decrease with distance due to an inverse cube law, even modest improvements in accuracy (hence reduction in miss distance) enable a target to be attacked with fewer or smaller bombs. Thus, even if some [[guided bomb]]s miss, fewer air crews are put at risk and the harm to civilians and the amount of collateral damage may be reduced.
Because the damage effects of [[explosive weapon]]s decrease with distance due to an inverse cube law, even modest improvements in accuracy (hence reduction in miss distance) enable a target to be attacked with fewer or smaller bombs. Thus, even if some [[guided bomb]]s miss, fewer air crews are put at risk and the harm to civilians and the amount of collateral damage may be reduced.{{efn|name= rusi|1= "During Russia’s participation in the Syrian Civil War, only one of its aircraft, the Su-34 fighter-bomber, regularly used precision-guided munitions, Bronk explained, and even that aircraft often used unguided bombs and rockets.".<ref name= bronk>David Roza [https://taskandpurpose.com/news/how-big-is-the-russian-air-force/ (3 Mar 2022) Where is the Russian Air Force? Experts break down why they might be hiding] "It is clear to us that Russia is losing aircraft and helicopters at a damaging rate." —Justin Bronk, RUSI</ref>}}{{efn |name= gerasimovKilled |1= Connectivity to [[GLONASS]] may be a factor in the lack of Russian PGM availability,<ref name= grozev /> and the use of 3G/4G cell towers for Russian encrypted communications (Era)
<ref name= 3g4gNeededForRussianERA >Rob Waugh (8 Mar 2022) [https://www.yahoo.com/news/russian-military-being-hacked-after-its-own-soldiers-destroy-3-g-internet-towers-104303881.html  'Idiots': Russian military phone calls hacked after own soldiers destroy 3G towers] 3G/4G Towers Needed For Russian encrypted communications (Era)</ref> during the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]. This weakness was unearthed during the use of open communication ("Russian commanders are sometimes piggybacking on Ukrainian cell phone networks to communicate")<ref name= "Russian troops taking Ukraine sim cards" >MEHUL SRIVASTAVA, MADHUMITA MURGIA, AND HANNAH MURPHY, FT  (3/9/2022, 8:33 AM) [https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2022/03/the-secret-us-mission-to-bolster-ukraines-cyber-defences-ahead-of-russias-invasion/ The secret US mission to bolster Ukraine’s cyber defences ahead of Russia’s invasion ] European official:  "instead of communicating solely through encrypted military-grade phones, Russian commanders are sometimes piggybacking on Ukrainian cell phone networks to communicate, at times simply by using their Russian cell phones.


The advent of precision-guided munitions resulted in the [[Retronym|renaming]] of older bombs "[[unguided bomb]]s", "dumb bombs", or "iron bombs".
'The Ukrainians love it—there is so much data in simply watching these phones, whether or not they are using encrypted apps,' he said.
 
The Ukrainians then block Russian phones from their local networks at key moments, further jamming their communications. 'Then you suddenly see Russian soldiers grabbing cell phones off Ukrainians on the street, raiding repair shops for sims,' he said. 'This is not sophisticated stuff. It’s quite puzzling."</ref> when FSB was discussing the deaths of their generals: Vitaly Gerasimov, killed 7 Mar 2022;<ref name= pichetaGuy >Rob Picheta and Jack Guy, CNN [https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/08/europe/russian-general-killed-ukraine-kharkiv-intl/index.html (8 Mar 2022) Ukraine claims Russian general has been killed in Kharkiv]</ref> [[Andrei Sukhovetsky]], killed 28 Feb 2022.<ref  name= cunningham >Doug Cunningham [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2022/03/03/ukraine-russia-invasion-chechen-magomed-tushayev-killed/9981646322278/ (3 Mar 2022) Ukraine forces say Chechen commander Magomed Tushayev killed near Kyiv]</ref><ref name= grozev >Jamie Ross, who cites Christo Grozev of Bellingcat: (Tue, March 8, 2022, 5:32 AM) [https://www.yahoo.com/news/russian-officer-complains-dead-general-113255353.html (7 March 2022) Russian Officer Complains About Dead General and Comms Meltdown in Intercepted Call] FSB ([[Federal Security Service]], successor agency to the KGB) officers discuss Gerasimov's death amid the destruction of 3G/4G cell towers in Ukraine, and the loss of Russian encrypted communications (Era), which compromised the FSB officer's sim-card-enabled phone call.</ref> }}
 
The advent of precision-guided munitions resulted in the renaming of older, low-technology, bombs as "[[unguided bomb]]s", "dumb bombs", or "iron bombs".


==Types==
==Types==
{{Main|missile guidance}}
{{Main|missile guidance}}
[[File:Image-GBU-24 Missile testmontage-gi BLU-109 bomb.jpg|thumb|right|A laser-guided [[GBU-24]] ([[BLU-109]] warhead variant) strikes its target]]
[[File:Image-GBU-24 Missile testmontage-gi BLU-109 bomb.jpg|thumb|right|A laser-guided [[GBU-24]] ([[BLU-109]] warhead variant) strikes its target]]
Recognizing the difficulty of hitting moving ships during the [[Spanish Civil War]],<ref>Fitzsimons, Bernard, editor. ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare'' (London: Phoebus, 1978), Volume 10, p.1037, "Fritz-X".</ref> the Germans were first to develop steerable munitions, using [[radio control]] or wire guidance. The U.S. tested [[television|TV]]-guided ([[GB-4]]),<ref>Fitzsimons, ''op. cit.'', Volume 10, p.1101, "GB-4".</ref> [[semi-active radar]]-guided ([[Bat (guided bomb)|Bat]]), and [[infrared]]-guided ([[VB-6 Felix|Felix]]) weapons.
Recognizing the difficulty of hitting moving ships during the [[Spanish Civil War]],<ref>Fitzsimons, Bernard, editor. ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare'' (London: Phoebus, 1978), Volume 10, p.1037, "Fritz-X".</ref> the Germans were first to develop steerable munitions, using [[radio control]] or wire guidance. The U.S. tested [[television|TV]]-guided ([[GB-4]]),<ref>Fitzsimons, ''op. cit.'', Volume 10, p.1101, "GB-4".</ref> [[semi-active radar]]-guided ([[Bat (guided bomb)|Bat]]), and [[infrared]]-guided ([[VB-6 Felix|Felix]]) weapons.


===Inertial-guided weapons===
===Inertial-guided weapons===
The [[CBU-107 Passive Attack Weapon]] is an air-dropped [[guided bomb]] containing metal penetrator rods of various sizes. It was designed to attack targets where an explosive effect may be undesirable, such as [[fuel]] [[storage tank]]s or [[chemical weapon]] [[stockpile]]s<ref name="defensetech30aug13">[http://defensetech.org/2013/08/30/air-force-developed-bombs-capable-of-destroying-syrias-chemical-weapons/ Air Force Developed Bombs Capable of Destroying Syria’s Chemical Weapons] - Defensetech.org, 30 August 2013</ref> in [[civilian]] areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/cbu-107.htm|title=CBU-107 Passive Attack Weapon (WCMD) - Global Security}}</ref>
The [[CBU-107 Passive Attack Weapon]] is an air-dropped [[guided bomb]] containing metal penetrator rods of various sizes. It was designed to attack targets where an explosive effect may be undesirable, such as [[fuel]] [[storage tank]]s or [[chemical weapon]] [[stockpile]]s<ref name="defensetech30aug13">[http://defensetech.org/2013/08/30/air-force-developed-bombs-capable-of-destroying-syrias-chemical-weapons/ Air Force Developed Bombs Capable of Destroying Syria’s Chemical Weapons] - Defensetech.org, 30 August 2013</ref> in [[civilian]] areas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/cbu-107.htm|title=CBU-107 Passive Attack Weapon (WCMD)|website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref>


===Radio-controlled weapons===
===Radio-controlled weapons===
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In World War II, the U.S. [[National Defense Research Committee]] developed the VB-6 Felix, which used infrared to home on ships. While it entered production in 1945, it was never employed operationally.<ref>Fitzsimons, ''op. cit.'', Volume 9, p. 926, "Felix".</ref> The first successful electro optical guided munition was the [[AGM-62 Walleye]] during the Vietnam war. It was a family of large glide bombs which could automatically track targets using contrast differences in the video feed. The original concept was created by engineer Norman Kay while tinkering with televisions as a hobby. It was based on a device which could track objects on a television screen and place a "blip" on them to indicate where it was aiming. The first test of the weapon on 29 January 1963 was a success, with the weapon making a direct hit on the target. It served successfully for three decades until the 1990s.<ref name="DS">{{cite web|url=http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-62.html|title=Martin Marietta AGM-62 Walleye|last=Parsch|first=Andreas|year=2002|work=Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles|publisher=Designation-Systems|access-date=9 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="JDS">[[John Darrell Sherwood]], ''Nixon's Trident: Naval Power in Southeast Asia, 1968–1972,'' (Washington: DC: [[Naval Historical Center]], forthcoming).</ref>
In World War II, the U.S. [[National Defense Research Committee]] developed the VB-6 Felix, which used infrared to home on ships. While it entered production in 1945, it was never employed operationally.<ref>Fitzsimons, ''op. cit.'', Volume 9, p. 926, "Felix".</ref> The first successful electro optical guided munition was the [[AGM-62 Walleye]] during the Vietnam war. It was a family of large glide bombs which could automatically track targets using contrast differences in the video feed. The original concept was created by engineer Norman Kay while tinkering with televisions as a hobby. It was based on a device which could track objects on a television screen and place a "blip" on them to indicate where it was aiming. The first test of the weapon on 29 January 1963 was a success, with the weapon making a direct hit on the target. It served successfully for three decades until the 1990s.<ref name="DS">{{cite web|url=http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-62.html|title=Martin Marietta AGM-62 Walleye|last=Parsch|first=Andreas|year=2002|work=Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles|publisher=Designation-Systems|access-date=9 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="JDS">[[John Darrell Sherwood]], ''Nixon's Trident: Naval Power in Southeast Asia, 1968–1972,'' (Washington: DC: [[Naval Historical Center]], forthcoming).</ref>


The [[Raytheon]] [[AGM-65 Maverick|Maverick]] is the most common electro optical guided missile. As a heavy anti-tank missile it has among its various marks guidance systems such as electro-optical (AGM-65A), imaging infrared (AGM-65D), and laser homing (AGM-65E).<ref>[http://www.raytheon.com/products/stellent/groups/public/documents/content/cms01_055755.pdf Raytheon AGM-65 Maverick] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020002646/http://www.raytheon.com/products/stellent/groups/public/documents/content/cms01_055755.pdf |date=20 October 2006 }}</ref> The first two, by guiding themselves based on the visual or IR scene of the target, are [[fire-and-forget]] in that the pilot can release the weapon and it will guide itself to the target without further input, which allows the delivery aircraft to manoeuvre to escape return fire. The Pakistani [[NESCOM]] [[H-2 MUPSOW]] and [[H-4 MUPSOW]] is an electro-optical (IR imaging and television guided) is a drop and forget precision-guided glide bomb. The Israeli Elbit [[Opher]] is also an IR imaging "drop and forget" guided bomb that has been reported to be considerably cheaper than laser-homing bombs and can be used by any aircraft, not requiring specialized wiring for a laser designator or for another aircraft to illuminate the target. During NATO's air campaign in 1999 in Kosovo the new Italian AF AMX employed the Opher.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/opher+bomb+deployed+in+kosovo-52884/ "Opher bomb deployed in Kosovo"] ''FLIGHT Daily News'', 17 June 1999</ref>
The [[Raytheon]] [[AGM-65 Maverick|Maverick]] is the most common electro optical guided missile. As a heavy anti-tank missile it has among its various marks guidance systems such as electro-optical (AGM-65A), imaging infrared (AGM-65D), and laser homing (AGM-65E).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.raytheon.com/products/stellent/groups/public/documents/content/cms01_055755.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020002646/http://www.raytheon.com/products/stellent/groups/public/documents/content/cms01_055755.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Raytheon AGM-65 Maverick|archivedate=20 October 2006}}</ref> The first two, by guiding themselves based on the visual or IR scene of the target, are [[fire-and-forget]] in that the pilot can release the weapon and it will guide itself to the target without further input, which allows the delivery aircraft to manoeuvre to escape return fire. The Pakistani [[NESCOM]] [[H-2 MUPSOW]] and [[H-4 MUPSOW]] is an electro-optical (IR imaging and television guided) is a drop and forget precision-guided glide bomb. The Israeli Elbit [[Opher]] is also an IR imaging "drop and forget" guided bomb that has been reported to be considerably cheaper than laser-homing bombs and can be used by any aircraft, not requiring specialized wiring for a laser designator or for another aircraft to illuminate the target. During NATO's air campaign in 1999 in Kosovo the new Italian AF AMX employed the Opher.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/opher+bomb+deployed+in+kosovo-52884/ "Opher bomb deployed in Kosovo"] ''FLIGHT Daily News'', 17 June 1999</ref>


===Laser-guided weapons===
===Laser-guided weapons===
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Laser-guided weapons did not become commonplace until the advent of the microchip.  They made their practical debut in Vietnam, where on 13 May 1972 they were used in the second successful attack on the [[Thanh Hóa Bridge]] ("Dragon's Jaw").  This structure had previously been the target of 800 American sorties<ref>[http://www.mn.afrl.af.mil/public/vietnam.html Thanh Hoa Bridge] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051109035612/http://www.mn.afrl.af.mil/public/vietnam.html |date=9 November 2005 }}</ref> (using unguided weapons) and was partially destroyed in each of two successful attacks, the other being on 27 April 1972 using [[AGM-62 Walleye|Walleyes]].
Laser-guided weapons did not become commonplace until the advent of the microchip.  They made their practical debut in Vietnam, where on 13 May 1972 they were used in the second successful attack on the [[Thanh Hóa Bridge]] ("Dragon's Jaw").  This structure had previously been the target of 800 American sorties<ref>[http://www.mn.afrl.af.mil/public/vietnam.html Thanh Hoa Bridge] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051109035612/http://www.mn.afrl.af.mil/public/vietnam.html |date=9 November 2005 }}</ref> (using unguided weapons) and was partially destroyed in each of two successful attacks, the other being on 27 April 1972 using [[AGM-62 Walleye|Walleyes]].


They were used, though not on a large scale, by the British forces during the 1982 [[Falklands War]].<ref>[http://www.britains-smallwars.com/Falklands/air-war.htm Britain's Small Wars] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120025712/http://www.britains-smallwars.com/Falklands/air-war.htm |date=20 January 2011 }}</ref> The first large-scale use of smart weapons came in the early 1990s during Operation [[Desert Storm]] when they were used by coalition forces against [[Iraq]]. Even so, most of the air-dropped ordnance used in that war was "dumb," although the percentages are biased by the large use of various (unguided) [[cluster bomb]]s. Laser-guided weapons were used in large numbers during the 1999 [[Kosovo War]], but their effectiveness was often reduced by the poor weather conditions prevalent in the southern Balkans.
They were used, though not on a large scale, by the British forces during the 1982 [[Falklands War]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britains-smallwars.com/Falklands/air-war.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120025712/http://www.britains-smallwars.com/Falklands/air-war.htm|url-status=dead|title=Britain's Small Wars|archivedate=20 January 2011}}</ref> The first large-scale use of smart weapons came in the early 1990s during Operation [[Desert Storm]] when they were used by coalition forces against [[Iraq]]. Even so, most of the air-dropped ordnance used in that war was "dumb," although the percentages are biased by the large use of various (unguided) [[cluster bomb]]s. Laser-guided weapons were used in large numbers during the 1999 [[Kosovo War]], but their effectiveness was often reduced by the poor weather conditions prevalent in the southern Balkans.


There are two basic families of laser-guided bombs in American (and American-sphere) service: the [[Paveway]] II and the Paveway III. The Paveway III guidance system is more aerodynamically efficient and so has a longer range, however it is more expensive. Paveway II {{convert|500|lb|kg|adj=on|abbr=on}} LGBs (such as [[GBU-12]]) are a cheaper lightweight PGM suitable for use against vehicles and other small targets, while a Paveway III {{convert|2000|lb|kg|adj=on|abbr=on}} penetrator (such as [[GBU-24]]) is a more expensive weapon suitable for use against high-value targets. GBU-12s were used to great effect in the first [[Gulf War]], dropped from [[General Dynamics F-111|F-111F]] aircraft to destroy Iraqi armored vehicles in a process informally referred to by pilots as "[[tank plinking]]."
There are two basic families of laser-guided bombs in American (and American-sphere) service: the [[Paveway]] II and the Paveway III. The Paveway III guidance system is more aerodynamically efficient and so has a longer range, however it is more expensive. Paveway II {{convert|500|lb|kg|adj=on|abbr=on}} LGBs (such as [[GBU-12]]) are a cheaper lightweight PGM suitable for use against vehicles and other small targets, while a Paveway III {{convert|2000|lb|kg|adj=on|abbr=on}} penetrator (such as [[GBU-24]]) is a more expensive weapon suitable for use against high-value targets. GBU-12s were used to great effect in the first [[Gulf War]], dropped from [[General Dynamics F-111|F-111F]] aircraft to destroy Iraqi armored vehicles in a process informally referred to by pilots as "[[tank plinking]]."
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[[File:Laser guided munition CIA report.jpg|thumbnail|left|Diagram showing the operation of a laser-guided ammunition round. From a CIA report, 1986.]]
[[File:Laser guided munition CIA report.jpg|thumbnail|left|Diagram showing the operation of a laser-guided ammunition round. From a CIA report, 1986.]]
'''[[Sudarshan laser-guided bomb|Sudarshan]]''' is an Indian [[laser-guided bomb|laser-guided]] [[bomb]] [[Electronic kit|kit]], developed by [[Aeronautical Development Establishment]] (ADE), a [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]] lab with technological support from another DRDO lab [[Instruments Research and Development Establishment]] (IRDE),<ref>{{cite web|author=Dehradun, 20 Oct (PTI) |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/106116/india-develops-first-laser-guided.html |title=India develops first Laser Guided Bomb |publisher=Deccanherald.com |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Nitsi |url=http://news.oneindia.in/2010/10/21/india-invents-laser-guide-bomb.html |title=India invents 1st Laser Guided Bomb |publisher=News.oneindia.in |date=2010-10-21 |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref> for the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://netindian.in/news/2010/01/21/0004971/india-conducts-flight-trials-laser-guided-bombs |title=India conducts flight trials of laser-guided bombs |publisher=Netindian.in |date=2010-01-21 |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref><ref name="msn">{{citation |url=http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4480246&_p=544152d2-2200-4721-9dbc-eff67faec052#page=1 |publisher=MSN News |title=India develops first laser guided bomb |access-date=27 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023005845/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4480246#page=1 |archive-date=23 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="xinhua">{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-10/20/c_13567264.htm |title=India successfully develops advanced laser guided bomb |publisher=News.xinhuanet.com |date=2010-10-20 |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>
[[Sudarshan laser-guided bomb|Sudarshan]] is an Indian [[laser-guided bomb|laser-guided]] [[bomb]] [[Electronic kit|kit]], developed by [[Aeronautical Development Establishment]] (ADE), a [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]] lab with technological support from another DRDO lab [[Instruments Research and Development Establishment]] (IRDE),<ref>{{cite web|author=Dehradun, 20 Oct (PTI) |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/106116/india-develops-first-laser-guided.html |title=India develops first Laser Guided Bomb |date=20 October 2010 |publisher=Deccanherald.com |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Nitsi |url=http://news.oneindia.in/2010/10/21/india-invents-laser-guide-bomb.html |title=India invents 1st Laser Guided Bomb |publisher=News.oneindia.in |date=2010-10-21 |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref> for the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://netindian.in/news/2010/01/21/0004971/india-conducts-flight-trials-laser-guided-bombs |title=India conducts flight trials of laser-guided bombs |publisher=Netindian.in |date=2010-01-21 |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref><ref name="msn">{{citation |url=http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4480246&_p=544152d2-2200-4721-9dbc-eff67faec052#page=1 |publisher=MSN News |title=India develops first laser guided bomb |access-date=27 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023005845/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4480246#page=1 |archive-date=23 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="xinhua">{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-10/20/c_13567264.htm |title=India successfully develops advanced laser guided bomb |publisher=News.xinhuanet.com |date=2010-10-20 |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>


[[KAB-1500L]] and [[KAB-500L]] are Russian laser-guided bombs.
[[KAB-1500L]] and [[KAB-500L]] are Russian laser-guided bombs.
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[[LS PGB]] is a family of Chinese GPS+INS or laser guided munitions.
[[LS PGB]] is a family of Chinese GPS+INS or laser guided munitions.


The '''[[Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System]]''' ('''APKWS''') also known as Laser, infrared Guided Rocket (LiGR) is a design conversion of [[Hydra 70]] [[unguided rocket]]s with a [[laser guidance]] kit to turn them into precision-guided munitions (PGMs).<ref>http://www.baesystems.com/en-us/product/apkws-laser-guided-rocket</ref><ref>[http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2015-10-14/us-army-plans-first-deployment-laser-guided-rocket U.S. Army Plans First Deployment of Laser-Guided Rocket] – Ainonline.com, 14 October 2015</ref><ref>http://www.navair.navy.mil/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.display&key=56424953-9562-4734-B373-AAB87ADAB56F</ref>
The [[Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System]] (APKWS) also known as Laser, infrared Guided Rocket (LiGR) is a design conversion of [[Hydra 70]] [[unguided rocket]]s with a [[laser guidance]] kit to turn them into precision-guided munitions (PGMs).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.baesystems.com/en-us/product/apkws-laser-guided-rocket|title = APKWS® laser-guidance kit}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2015-10-14/us-army-plans-first-deployment-laser-guided-rocket U.S. Army Plans First Deployment of Laser-Guided Rocket] – Ainonline.com, 14 October 2015</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.navair.navy.mil/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.display&key=56424953-9562-4734-B373-AAB87ADAB56F |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 April 2017 |archive-date=7 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107023442/http://www.navair.navy.mil/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.display&key=56424953-9562-4734-B373-AAB87ADAB56F |url-status=dead }}</ref>


[[Ugroza]] ({{lang-ru|Угроза}}, meaning "menace") is a precision-guided weapons system made in [[Russian Federation]]. It is an upgrade for standard Russian "dumb" rockets, including the [[S-5 rocket|S-5]], [[S-8 rocket|S-8]], and [[S-13 rocket]]s.<ref name=nvo>{{cite news|author=Vladimir Ilyin|title=Cheaply and effectively|newspaper=[[Nezavisimaya Gazeta]]|date=18 September 1999|language=ru|author-link=Vladimir Ilyin (mathematician)}}</ref><ref name=nf>http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Ammunition-Handbook/122-mm-STC-Ametech-Ugrosa-1-SAL-GP-round-Russian-Federation.html</ref> The system upgrades the "dumb" rockets with [[laser guidance]], very significantly increasing their accuracy. It requires a [[laser target designator]], from either an airborne or land based source, to "paint" a target. [[Circular error probable]] (CEP) is about {{convert|0.8|to|1.8|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}},{{r|nvo}} while maximum ranges of rockets varies from the rockets used {{convert|1.5|to|8|km|mi|abbr=on|order=flip}}.{{r|nvo}} Ugroza allows rockets to be ripple-fired up to 7 at a time.
[[Ugroza]] ({{lang-ru|Угроза}}, meaning "menace") is a precision-guided weapons system made in [[Russian Federation]]. It is an upgrade for standard Russian "dumb" rockets, including the [[S-5 rocket|S-5]], [[S-8 rocket|S-8]], and [[S-13 rocket]]s.<ref name=nvo>{{cite news|author=Vladimir Ilyin|title=Cheaply and effectively|newspaper=[[Nezavisimaya Gazeta]]|date=18 September 1999|language=ru|author-link=Vladimir Ilyin (mathematician)}}</ref><ref name=nf>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Ammunition-Handbook/122-mm-STC-Ametech-Ugrosa-1-SAL-GP-round-Russian-Federation.html|title = Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's &#124; IHS}}</ref> The system upgrades the "dumb" rockets with [[laser guidance]], very significantly increasing their accuracy. It requires a [[laser target designator]], from either an airborne or land based source, to "paint" a target. [[Circular error probable]] (CEP) is about {{convert|0.8|to|1.8|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}},{{r|nvo}} while maximum ranges of rockets varies from the rockets used {{convert|1.5|to|8|km|mi|abbr=on|order=flip}}.{{r|nvo}} Ugroza allows rockets to be ripple-fired up to 7 at a time.
The notable novelty is that the system does not use aerodynamic flight control (e.g. tail fins), but [[reaction control system|impulse steering]] with mini-thrusters.{{r|nvo}} It has been dubbed as the '''Russian concept of impulse corrections''' ('''RCIC''').<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kt2ZaOilGXIC&q=ugroza+rockets&pg=PA194 | title=Russia Air Force Handbook| isbn=9781433041150| date=7 February 2007}}</ref>{{r|nvo}}
The notable novelty is that the system does not use aerodynamic flight control (e.g. tail fins), but [[reaction control system|impulse steering]] with mini-thrusters.{{r|nvo}} It has been dubbed as the Russian concept of impulse corrections (RCIC).<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kt2ZaOilGXIC&q=ugroza+rockets&pg=PA194 | title=Russia Air Force Handbook| isbn=9781433041150| date=7 February 2007}}</ref>{{r|nvo}}


The [[Roketsan Cirit]] is a Turkish [[laser guided]] missile.
The [[Roketsan Cirit]] is a Turkish [[laser guided]] missile.
Cirit is a {{convert|70|mm|in|abbr=on|order=flip}} [[precision guided|guided]] missile system fitted with a [[semi-active laser]] homing seeker. The seeker and guidance section is attached to a purpose-built [[warhead]] with a Class 5 [[Insensitive Munitions|Insensitive Munition (IM)]]. The multipurpose warhead has a combined [[armour-piercing]] ammunition with enhanced behind armor [[anti-personnel]] and [[Incendiary device|incendiary]] effects. The engine is of reduced smoke design, with IM properties. It is connected to the rear section by a roll bearing that enables it to rotate in flight. There are four small stabilising surfaces at the very rear of the missile in front of the exhaust nozzle that ensures stable flight. Roketsan has developed a new launch pod and a new canister in which Cirit is delivered as an all-up round. The Cirit has a maximum effective guided range of {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on|order=flip}} with a high probability of hit on a {{convert|3|×|3|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} target at this range.<ref>[http://www.roketsan.com.tr/programs_eng.php?id=5 CIRIT 2.75” Laser Guided Missile, Roketsan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101223726/http://www.roketsan.com.tr/programs_eng.php?id=5 |date=1 January 2009 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.trdefence.com/?p=5280 Roketsan targets guided anti-tank missile development and production], TR Defence, 13 July 2011</ref>
Cirit is a {{convert|70|mm|in|abbr=on|order=flip}} [[precision guided|guided]] missile system fitted with a [[semi-active laser]] homing seeker. The seeker and guidance section is attached to a purpose-built [[warhead]] with a Class 5 [[Insensitive Munitions|Insensitive Munition (IM)]]. The multipurpose warhead has a combined [[armour-piercing]] ammunition with enhanced behind armor [[anti-personnel]] and [[Incendiary device|incendiary]] effects. The engine is of reduced smoke design, with IM properties. It is connected to the rear section by a roll bearing that enables it to rotate in flight. There are four small stabilising surfaces at the very rear of the missile in front of the exhaust nozzle that ensures stable flight. Roketsan has developed a new launch pod and a new canister in which Cirit is delivered as an all-up round. The Cirit has a maximum effective guided range of {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on|order=flip}} with a high probability of hit on a {{convert|3|×|3|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} target at this range.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.roketsan.com.tr/programs_eng.php?id=5|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101223726/http://www.roketsan.com.tr/programs_eng.php?id=5|url-status=dead|title=CIRIT 2.75" Laser Guided Missile, Roketsan|archivedate=1 January 2009}}</ref><ref>[http://www.trdefence.com/?p=5280 Roketsan targets guided anti-tank missile development and production], TR Defence, 13 July 2011</ref>


===Radar-guided weapons===
===Radar-guided weapons===
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[[File:BGT Hosbo.jpg|thumb|left|[[HOPE/HOSBO]] of the [[German Air Force|Luftwaffe]] with a combination of GPS/INS and electro-optical guidance]]
[[File:BGT Hosbo.jpg|thumb|left|[[HOPE/HOSBO]] of the [[German Air Force|Luftwaffe]] with a combination of GPS/INS and electro-optical guidance]]
Lessons learned during the first Gulf War showed the value of precision munitions, yet they also highlighted the difficulties in employing them—specifically when visibility of the ground or target from the air was degraded.<ref>[http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?storyID=123017613 JDAM continues to be warfighter's weapon of choice]</ref> The problem of poor visibility does not affect satellite-guided weapons such as [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]] (JDAM) and [[Joint Stand-Off Weapon]] (JSOW), which make use of the United States' [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] system for guidance. This weapon can be employed in all weather conditions, without any need for ground support. Because it is possible to [[Radar jamming and deception|jam]] GPS, the guidance package reverts to [[inertial navigation]] in the event of GPS signal loss. Inertial navigation is significantly less accurate; the JDAM achieves a published [[circular error probable|Circular Error Probable]] (CEP) of {{convert|13|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} under GPS guidance, but typically only {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} under inertial guidance (with free fall times of 100 seconds or less).<ref>U.S. Air Force [https://web.archive.org/web/20030624083412/http://www.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=108 Factsheets: Joint Direct Attack Munition]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/jdam-specs.htm|title=Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM)|author=John Pike|work=globalsecurity.org|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref>
Lessons learned during the first Gulf War showed the value of precision munitions, yet they also highlighted the difficulties in employing them—specifically when visibility of the ground or target from the air was degraded.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.af.mil/News/story/storyID/123017613/|title=News|website=www.af.mil}}</ref> The problem of poor visibility does not affect satellite-guided weapons such as [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]] (JDAM) and [[Joint Stand-Off Weapon]] (JSOW), which make use of the United States' [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] system for guidance. This weapon can be employed in all weather conditions, without any need for ground support. Because it is possible to [[Radar jamming and deception|jam]] GPS, the guidance package reverts to [[inertial navigation]] in the event of GPS signal loss. Inertial navigation is significantly less accurate; the JDAM achieves a published [[circular error probable|Circular Error Probable]] (CEP) of {{convert|13|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} under GPS guidance, but typically only {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} under inertial guidance (with free fall times of 100 seconds or less).<ref>U.S. Air Force [https://web.archive.org/web/20030624083412/http://www.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=108 Factsheets: Joint Direct Attack Munition]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/jdam-specs.htm|title=Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM)|author=John Pike|work=globalsecurity.org|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref>


The [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]] (JDAM) is a guidance kit that converts [[unguided bomb]]s, or "dumb bombs", into all-weather "smart" munitions. JDAM-equipped bombs are guided by an integrated [[inertial guidance system]] coupled to a [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) receiver, giving them a published range of up to {{convert|15|nmi|mi km|order=out|abbr=on}}. JDAM-equipped bombs range from {{convert|500|to|2000|lb|kg}}.<ref name="AFL1">{{cite web|url=http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?storyID=123017613|title=JDAM continues to be warfighter's weapon of choice|access-date=2007-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026092532/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?storyID=123017613|archive-date=2012-10-26}}</ref> When installed on a bomb, the JDAM kit is given a GBU (Guided Bomb Unit) nomenclature, superseding the [[Mark 80]] or '''BLU''' (Bomb, Live Unit) nomenclature of the bomb to which it is attached.
The [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]] (JDAM) is a guidance kit that converts [[unguided bomb]]s, or "dumb bombs", into all-weather "smart" munitions. JDAM-equipped bombs are guided by an integrated [[inertial guidance system]] coupled to a [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) receiver, giving them a published range of up to {{convert|15|nmi|mi km|order=out|abbr=on}}. JDAM-equipped bombs range from {{convert|500|to|2000|lb|kg}}.<ref name="AFL1">{{cite web|url=http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?storyID=123017613|title=JDAM continues to be warfighter's weapon of choice|access-date=2007-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026092532/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?storyID=123017613|archive-date=2012-10-26}}</ref> When installed on a bomb, the JDAM kit is given a GBU (Guided Bomb Unit) nomenclature, superseding the [[Mark 80]] or '''BLU''' (Bomb, Live Unit) nomenclature of the bomb to which it is attached.


[[Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser]] (WCMD) is a [[Global Positioning System|GPS]]/[[Inertial navigation system|INS]]-guided US tail kit for use with the TMD (Tactical Munitions Dispenser) family of cluster bombs to convert them to precision-guided munitions.
[[Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser]] (WCMD) is a [[GPS/INS]]-guided US tail kit for use with the TMD (Tactical Munitions Dispenser) family of cluster bombs to convert them to precision-guided munitions.


'''[[Wan Chien|Wan chien]]''' – Taiwanese indigenous version of JDAM.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/09/21/taiwan-develops-anti-invasion-munitions-against-china.html|title=Taiwan develops 'anti-invasion' munitions against China|date=2013-09-21|work=Fox News|access-date=2017-03-09}}</ref>
'''[[Wan Chien|Wan chien]]''' – Taiwanese indigenous version of JDAM.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/09/21/taiwan-develops-anti-invasion-munitions-against-china.html|title=Taiwan develops 'anti-invasion' munitions against China|date=2013-09-21|work=Fox News|access-date=2017-03-09}}</ref>
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|access-date=20 February 2013
|access-date=20 February 2013
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
 
[[File:KAB-500S-E - MAKS2015part7-18.jpg|thumb|[[KAB-500S-E]]. Russian GLONASS-Guided Bomb]]
The [[GBU-57A/B]]  '''Massive [[Aircraft ordnance|Ordnance]] Penetrator''' ('''MOP''') is a [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]], precision-guided, {{convert|30000|lb|kg|adj=on}} "[[bunker buster]]" [[bomb]].<ref>[http://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=6bded5f03e250578c12cc6939537f128&tab=core&_cview=0 B-2/Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP) GBU-57A/B]. FedBizOpps</ref> This is substantially larger than the deepest penetrating bunker busters previously available, the {{convert|5000|lb|kg|adj=on}} [[GBU-28]] and [[GBU-37 GPS-Aided Munition|GBU-37]].
The [[GBU-57A/B]]  '''Massive [[Aircraft ordnance|Ordnance]] Penetrator''' ('''MOP''') is a [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]], precision-guided, {{convert|30000|lb|kg|adj=on}} "[[bunker buster]]" [[bomb]].<ref>[http://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=6bded5f03e250578c12cc6939537f128&tab=core&_cview=0 B-2/Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP) GBU-57A/B]. FedBizOpps</ref> This is substantially larger than the deepest penetrating bunker busters previously available, the {{convert|5000|lb|kg|adj=on}} [[GBU-28]] and [[GBU-37 GPS-Aided Munition|GBU-37]].


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[[LS PGB]] is a family of Chinese GPS+INS or laser guided munitions.
[[LS PGB]] is a family of Chinese GPS+INS or laser guided munitions.


The precision of these weapons is dependent both on the precision of the measurement system used for location determination and the precision in setting the coordinates of the target. The latter critically depends on intelligence information, not all of which is accurate. According to a CIA report, the accidental [[United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade]] during [[Operation Allied Force]] by NATO aircraft was attributed to faulty target information.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/cia/public_affairs/speeches/1999/dci_speech_072299.html DCI Statement on the Belgrade Chinese Embassy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004025533/https://www.cia.gov/cia/public_affairs/speeches/1999/dci_speech_072299.html |date=4 October 2006 }}</ref> However, if the targeting information ''is'' accurate, satellite-guided weapons are significantly more likely to achieve a successful strike in any given weather conditions than any other type of precision-guided munition.
The precision of these weapons is dependent both on the precision of the measurement system used for location determination and the precision in setting the coordinates of the target. The latter critically depends on intelligence information, not all of which is accurate. According to a CIA report, the accidental [[United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade]] during [[Operation Allied Force]] by NATO aircraft was attributed to faulty target information.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/cia/public_affairs/speeches/1999/dci_speech_072299.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004025533/https://www.cia.gov/cia/public_affairs/speeches/1999/dci_speech_072299.html|url-status=dead|title=DCI Statement on the Belgrade Chinese Embassy|archivedate=4 October 2006}}</ref> However, if the targeting information ''is'' accurate, satellite-guided weapons are significantly more likely to achieve a successful strike in any given weather conditions than any other type of precision-guided munition.


===Advanced guidance concepts===
===Advanced guidance concepts===
Responding to after-action reports from pilots who employed laser or satellite guided weapons, [[Boeing]] developed a Laser JDAM (LJDAM) to provide both types of guidance in a single kit. Based on the existing [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]] configurations, a laser guidance package is added to a GPS/INS-guided weapon to increase its overall accuracy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/missiles/jdam/docs/laser_jdam_overview.pdf|title=Weapons|work=boeing.com|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref> Raytheon has developed the Enhanced Paveway family, which adds GPS/INS guidance to their Paveway family of laser-guidance packages.<ref>[http://www.raytheon.com/products/stellent/groups/public/documents/content/cms01_055758.pdf Raytheon Enhanced Paveway] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307042008/http://www.raytheon.com/products/stellent/groups/public/documents/content/cms01_055758.pdf |date=7 March 2008 }}</ref> These "hybrid" laser and GPS guided weapons permit the carriage of fewer weapons types, while retaining mission flexibility, because these weapons can be employed equally against moving and fixed targets, or targets of opportunity. For instance, a typical weapons load on an F-16 flying in the [[Iraq War]] included a single {{convert|2000|lb|kg|adj=on}} JDAM and two {{convert|1000|lb|kg|adj=on}} LGBs. With LJDAM, and the new GBU-39 [[Small Diameter Bomb]] (SDB), these same aircraft can carry more bombs if necessary, and have the option of satellite or laser guidance for each weapon release.
Responding to after-action reports from pilots who employed laser or satellite guided weapons, [[Boeing]] developed a Laser JDAM (LJDAM) to provide both types of guidance in a single kit. Based on the existing [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]] configurations, a laser guidance package is added to a GPS/INS-guided weapon to increase its overall accuracy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/missiles/jdam/docs/laser_jdam_overview.pdf|title=Weapons|work=boeing.com|access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref> Raytheon has developed the Enhanced Paveway family, which adds GPS/INS guidance to their Paveway family of laser-guidance packages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.raytheon.com/products/stellent/groups/public/documents/content/cms01_055758.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307042008/http://www.raytheon.com/products/stellent/groups/public/documents/content/cms01_055758.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Raytheon Enhanced Paveway|archivedate=7 March 2008}}</ref> These "hybrid" laser and GPS guided weapons permit the carriage of fewer weapons types, while retaining mission flexibility, because these weapons can be employed equally against moving and fixed targets, or targets of opportunity. For instance, a typical weapons load on an F-16 flying in the [[Iraq War]] included a single {{convert|2000|lb|kg|adj=on}} JDAM and two {{convert|1000|lb|kg|adj=on}} LGBs. With LJDAM, and the new GBU-39 [[Small Diameter Bomb]] (SDB), these same aircraft can carry more bombs if necessary, and have the option of satellite or laser guidance for each weapon release.


[[Spice (munition)]]  is an Israeli [[Electro-optics|EO]]/[[GPS]]-guided guidance kit for converting air-droppable unguided [[bomb]]s into precision guided bombs. Spice can be preprogrammed, with up to 100 different targets it may have to engage during a mission. The one target it will ''actually'' engage may then be selected, inflight, by an aircrewman.
[[Spice (munition)]]  is an Israeli [[Electro-optics|EO]]/[[GPS]]-guided guidance kit for converting air-droppable unguided [[bomb]]s into precision guided bombs. Spice can be preprogrammed, with up to 100 different targets it may have to engage during a mission. The one target it will ''actually'' engage may then be selected, inflight, by an aircrewman.
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[[HGK (bomb)|The HGK guidance kit (HGK)]], {{lang-tr|Hassas Güdüm Kiti / Precision Guidance Kit}}), developed by [[TÜBİTAK Defense Industries Research and Development Institute|TÜBİTAK-SAGE]], is a [[Global Positioning System|GPS]]/[[Inertial navigation system|INS]]  guidance kit that converts {{convert|2000|lb|kg|adj=on}} [[Mark 84 bomb]]s into [[Smart bomb|smart weapon]]s. It enables precision strike capability in all weather conditions with long range at a dispersion of {{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}}.<ref>[http://www.sage.tubitak.gov.tr/home.do?ot=1&sid=1310&pid=547 TÜBİTAK SAGE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326003209/http://www.sage.tubitak.gov.tr/home.do?ot=1&pid=547&sid=1310 |date=26 March 2013 }}</ref>
[[HGK (bomb)|The HGK guidance kit (HGK)]], {{lang-tr|Hassas Güdüm Kiti / Precision Guidance Kit}}), developed by [[TÜBİTAK Defense Industries Research and Development Institute|TÜBİTAK-SAGE]], is a [[Global Positioning System|GPS]]/[[Inertial navigation system|INS]]  guidance kit that converts {{convert|2000|lb|kg|adj=on}} [[Mark 84 bomb]]s into [[Smart bomb|smart weapon]]s. It enables precision strike capability in all weather conditions with long range at a dispersion of {{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}}.<ref>[http://www.sage.tubitak.gov.tr/home.do?ot=1&sid=1310&pid=547 TÜBİTAK SAGE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326003209/http://www.sage.tubitak.gov.tr/home.do?ot=1&pid=547&sid=1310 |date=26 March 2013 }}</ref>


[[Armement Air-Sol Modulaire]] (AASM)<ref>http://www.safran-electronics-defense.com/aerospace/weapons-and-missiles/aasm</ref><ref>http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/armement-air-sol-modulaire-aasm-hammer-air-to-ground-missile/</ref>  is a French equivalent to JDAM. AASM comprises a frontal guidance kit and a rear-mounted range extension kit matched to a [[dumb bomb]]. The weapon is modular because it can integrate different types of guidance units and different types of bombs. It uses hybrid [[inertial navigation system]] (INS) / [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) guidance. Other variants add [[infrared homing]] or [[laser guidance]] to increase accuracy.
[[Armement Air-Sol Modulaire]] (AASM)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.safran-electronics-defense.com/aerospace/weapons-and-missiles/aasm|title = Safran Electronics & Defense}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/armement-air-sol-modulaire-aasm-hammer-air-to-ground-missile/|title=Armement Air-Sol Modulaire (AASM) HAMMER Air-to-Ground Missile|website=www.airforce-technology.com}}</ref>  is a French equivalent to JDAM. AASM comprises a frontal guidance kit and a rear-mounted range extension kit matched to a [[dumb bomb]]. The weapon is modular because it can integrate different types of guidance units and different types of bombs. It uses hybrid [[inertial navigation system]] (INS) / [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) guidance. Other variants add [[infrared homing]] or [[laser guidance]] to increase accuracy.


[[Paveway IV]] is a dual mode [[Global Positioning System|GPS]]/[[inertial navigation system|INS]] and [[Laser guidance|laser-guided]] bomb manufactured by [[Raytheon|Raytheon UK]] (formerly Raytheon Systems Limited).<ref name="RAF">{{cite news|title=Paveway IV|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/equipment/paveway4.cfm|access-date=7 January 2015|agency=Royal Air Force|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231155406/http://www.raf.mod.uk/equipment/paveway4.cfm|archive-date=31 December 2014}}</ref> It is the latest iteration of the [[Paveway]] series.
[[Paveway IV]] is a dual mode [[Global Positioning System|GPS]]/[[inertial navigation system|INS]] and [[Laser guidance|laser-guided]] bomb manufactured by [[Raytheon|Raytheon UK]] (formerly Raytheon Systems Limited).<ref name="RAF">{{cite news|title=Paveway IV|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/equipment/paveway4.cfm|access-date=7 January 2015|agency=Royal Air Force|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231155406/http://www.raf.mod.uk/equipment/paveway4.cfm|archive-date=31 December 2014}}</ref> It is the latest iteration of the [[Paveway]] series.
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The [[U.S. Army]]'s [[MGM-51 Shillelagh]] missile can be considered a type of CLGP. Intended for use on the [[M551 Sheridan]] light tank, the Shillelagh missile was fired out of the Sheridan's cannon to provide robust anti-tank capability. The Army's [[M712 Copperhead]] laser guided artillery round was used in Desert Storm. Army CLGPs include the [[M982 Excalibur]] {{convert|155|mm|in|abbr=on}} artillery shell, the [[XM395 Precision Guided Mortar Munition]], and the [[XM1156 Precision Guidance Kit]] to refit existing 155&nbsp;mm shells with precision guidance, as the [[United States Air Force|Air Force]]'s [[JDAM]] program converts dumb bombs into precision munitions.
The [[U.S. Army]]'s [[MGM-51 Shillelagh]] missile can be considered a type of CLGP. Intended for use on the [[M551 Sheridan]] light tank, the Shillelagh missile was fired out of the Sheridan's cannon to provide robust anti-tank capability. The Army's [[M712 Copperhead]] laser guided artillery round was used in Desert Storm. Army CLGPs include the [[M982 Excalibur]] {{convert|155|mm|in|abbr=on}} artillery shell, the [[XM395 Precision Guided Mortar Munition]], and the [[XM1156 Precision Guidance Kit]] to refit existing 155&nbsp;mm shells with precision guidance, as the [[United States Air Force|Air Force]]'s [[JDAM]] program converts dumb bombs into precision munitions.


[[M982 Excalibur]], GPS-guided munitions (XM982) for 155&nbsp;mm artillery was developed in a collaborative effort between [[U.S. Army Research Laboratory]] (ARL) and the Armaments Research and Development Center (ARDEC). Research included developing GPS and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) Inertial Sensor Technology. Excalibur was fielded in Operation Iraqi Freedom in the summer of 2007. Technology developed on the Excalibur is also applied in the Army's Precision Guidance Kit (PGK) for use on existing conventional projectiles and the Mortar Guidance Kit (MGK) for use on conventional mortars.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=A|first1=Ratches, James|last2=Richard|first2=Chait|last3=W|first3=Lyons, John|date=February 2013|title=Some Recent Sensor-Related Army Critical Technology Events|url=http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA586199}}</ref>
[[M982 Excalibur]], GPS-guided munitions (XM982) for 155&nbsp;mm artillery was developed in a collaborative effort between [[U.S. Army Research Laboratory]] (ARL) and the Armaments Research and Development Center (ARDEC). Research included developing GPS and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) Inertial Sensor Technology. Excalibur was fielded in Operation Iraqi Freedom in the summer of 2007. Technology developed on the Excalibur is also applied in the Army's Precision Guidance Kit (PGK) for use on existing conventional projectiles and the Mortar Guidance Kit (MGK) for use on conventional mortars.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Ratches|first1= James A.|last2=Richard|first2=Chait|last3=Lyons|first3=John W.|date=February 2013|title=Some Recent Sensor-Related Army Critical Technology Events|url=http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA586199|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620174307/http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA586199|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 June 2017|website=www.dtic.mil}}</ref>


[[XM1111 Mid-Range Munition]] is cancelled {{convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on}} tank gun launched missile.
[[XM1111 Mid-Range Munition]] is cancelled {{convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on}} tank gun launched missile.
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[[Krasnopol (Weapon)|30F39 Krasnopol]] is a Russian {{convert|152|/|155|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[cannon]]-launched, fin-stabilized, [[base bleed]]-assisted, semi-automatic [[laser-guided]], [[explosive]] [[projectile]]. It automatically 'homes' on a point illuminated by a laser designator, typically operated by a ground-based artillery observer.
[[Krasnopol (Weapon)|30F39 Krasnopol]] is a Russian {{convert|152|/|155|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[cannon]]-launched, fin-stabilized, [[base bleed]]-assisted, semi-automatic [[laser-guided]], [[explosive]] [[projectile]]. It automatically 'homes' on a point illuminated by a laser designator, typically operated by a ground-based artillery observer.


[[Kitolov-2M]] is a Russian laser-guided {{convert|120|/|122|mm|in|abbr=on}} artillery shell with Malakhit automated artillery [[fire control system]].<ref>http://www.kbptula.ru/en/productions/artillery-guided-weapon-systems/kitolov-2m</ref><ref>http://roe.ru/pdfs/pdf_1914.pdf</ref>
[[Kitolov-2M]] is a Russian laser-guided {{convert|120|/|122|mm|in|abbr=on}} artillery shell with Malakhit automated artillery [[fire control system]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kbptula.ru/en/productions/artillery-guided-weapon-systems/kitolov-2m |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 January 2018 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716202216/http://www.kbptula.ru/en/productions/artillery-guided-weapon-systems/kitolov-2m |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://roe.ru/pdfs/pdf_1914.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>


[[9M119 Svir/Refleks]] are Russian [[tank gun]]-launched laser-guided projectiles.
[[9M119 Svir/Refleks]] are Russian [[tank gun]]-launched laser-guided projectiles.


[[Strix mortar round|Pansarsprängvinggranat m/94 ''STRIX'']] is a Swedish endphase-guided projectile fired from a {{convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[mortar (weapon)|mortar]] currently manufactured by [[Saab Bofors Dynamics]].
[[Strix mortar round|Pansarsprängvinggranat m/94 ''STRIX'']] is a Swedish endphase-guided projectile fired from a {{convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[mortar (weapon)|mortar]] currently manufactured by [[Saab Bofors Dynamics]].
STRIX is fired like a conventional mortar round. The round contains an [[infrared]] imaging sensor that it uses to guide itself onto any [[tank]] or [[armoured fighting vehicle]] in the vicinity where it lands. The seeker is designed to ignore targets that are already burning.<ref name="urlSweden and Switzerland, last customers of Strix 120&nbsp;mm mortar munition | October 2018 Global Defense Security army news industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2018 | Archive News year">{{cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/october_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/sweden_and_switzerland_last_customers_of_strix_120mm_mortar_munition.html |title=Sweden and Switzerland, last customers of Strix 120mm mortar munition &#124; October 2018 Global Defense Security army news industry &#124; Defense Security global news industry army 2018 &#124; Archive News year }}</ref>
STRIX is fired like a conventional mortar round. The round contains an [[infrared]] imaging sensor that it uses to guide itself onto any [[tank]] or [[armoured fighting vehicle]] in the vicinity where it lands. The seeker is designed to ignore targets that are already burning.<ref name="urlSweden and Switzerland, last customers of Strix 120&nbsp;mm mortar munition | October 2018 Global Defense Security army news industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2018 | Archive News year">{{Cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/october_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/sweden_and_switzerland_last_customers_of_strix_120mm_mortar_munition.html|title=Sweden and Switzerland, last customers of Strix 120mm mortar munition &#124; October 2018 Global Defense Security army news industry &#124; Defense Security global news industry army 2018 &#124; Archive News year|website=www.armyrecognition.com}}</ref>


'''[[Basir]]''' is an Iranian artillery fired [[laser-guided]], 155&nbsp;mm [[explosive]] [[projectile]] designed to destroy enemy tanks, vehicles and other moving or non-moving targets with high precision.<ref>[http://www.mashreghnews.ir/fa/news/95405/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF-%D9%88-%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF Mashregh news]</ref> This weapon is similar in function with Russian [[Krasnopol (Weapon)|Kransnopol]] or American [[M712 Copperhead]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}
'''[[Basir]]''' is an Iranian artillery fired [[laser-guided]], 155&nbsp;mm [[explosive]] [[projectile]] designed to destroy enemy tanks, vehicles and other moving or non-moving targets with high precision.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/95405/مهمات-هوشمند-و-لیزری-بصیر-رونمایی-شد-عکس|title=مهمات هوشمند و لیزری «بصیر» رونمایی شد+عکس|date=30 January 2012|website=مشرق نیوز}}</ref> This weapon is similar in function with Russian [[Krasnopol (Weapon)|Kransnopol]] or American [[M712 Copperhead]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}


'''[[SMArt 155]]''' is a German 155&nbsp;mm artillery round, designed for a long range, [[indirect fire]] [[top attack]] role against armoured vehicles.  The SMArt [[carrier shell]] contains two [[submunition]]s with [[infrared sensor]] and [[millimeter wave]] [[radar]], which descend over the battlefield on [[ballute]]s and attack hardened targets with [[explosively formed penetrator]] warheads.  Built with multiple redundant self-destruct mechanisms, these submunitions were specifically designed{{dubious-inline|Designed to Comply With CCM|date=January 2013}} to fall outside the category of submunition weapons prohibited by the 2008 [[Convention on Cluster Munitions]].
'''[[SMArt 155]]''' is a German 155&nbsp;mm artillery round, designed for a long range, [[indirect fire]] [[top attack]] role against armoured vehicles.  The SMArt [[carrier shell]] contains two [[submunition]]s with [[infrared sensor]] and [[millimeter wave]] [[radar]], which descend over the battlefield on [[ballute]]s and attack hardened targets with [[explosively formed penetrator]] warheads.  Built with multiple redundant self-destruct mechanisms, these submunitions were specifically designed{{dubious-inline|Designed to Comply With CCM|date=January 2013}} to fall outside the category of submunition weapons prohibited by the 2008 [[Convention on Cluster Munitions]].
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'''[[SAMHO (missile)|SAMHO]]''' is an Indian gun-launched [[anti-tank guided missile]] developed by the [[Armament Research and Development Establishment]] (ARDE) for the [[Arjun MBT]] of the [[Indian Army]].
'''[[SAMHO (missile)|SAMHO]]''' is an Indian gun-launched [[anti-tank guided missile]] developed by the [[Armament Research and Development Establishment]] (ARDE) for the [[Arjun MBT]] of the [[Indian Army]].


'''Rheinmetall Denel Munitions 155&nbsp;mm V-LAP'''<ref>https://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/south_african_company_denel_produces_new_artillery_rounds_81003173.html</ref><ref>https://www.rheinmetall-defence.com/media/editor_media/rm_defence/publicrelations/pressemitteilungen/2014_1/aad/2014_09_17_AAD_10_Rheinmetall_Denel_Munition.pdf</ref>
'''Rheinmetall Denel Munitions 155&nbsp;mm V-LAP'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/south_african_company_denel_produces_new_artillery_rounds_81003173.html|title = South African company Denel produces new artillery rounds 81003173 &#124; weapons defence industry military technology UK &#124; analysis focus army defence military industry army}}</ref><ref>https://www.rheinmetall-defence.com/media/editor_media/rm_defence/publicrelations/pressemitteilungen/2014_1/aad/2014_09_17_AAD_10_Rheinmetall_Denel_Munition.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>


'''GP1''': Chinese laser-guided 155&nbsp;mm artillery projectile based on Krasnopol.<ref>http://www.norinco.com/GB/61/76/index.html</ref><ref>http://www.janes360.com/images/assets/423/54423/precision-guided_munitions_for_field_artillery.pdf</ref><ref>https://warisboring.com/47635-2/</ref>
'''GP1''': Chinese laser-guided 155&nbsp;mm artillery projectile based on Krasnopol.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.norinco.com/GB/61/76/index.html|title=功能维护升级中}}</ref><ref>http://www.janes360.com/images/assets/423/54423/precision-guided_munitions_for_field_artillery.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://warisboring.com/47635-2/|title = Somebody's Popping off Laser-Guided Shells in Libya|date = 13 November 2017}}</ref>


'''GP6''': Chinese laser-guided 155&nbsp;mm artillery projectile based on Krasnopol.
'''GP6''': Chinese laser-guided 155&nbsp;mm artillery projectile based on Krasnopol.
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'''[[Strix mortar round]]'''
'''[[Strix mortar round]]'''


'''[[KM-8 Gran]]''' is a Russian guided 120&nbsp;mm mortar shell with Malakhit [[fire control system]].<ref>http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/KM-8-Gran_a000931001.aspx</ref><ref>https://ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2016/armament/18259_Williams.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.kbptula.ru/index.php/en/productions/artillery-guided-weapon-systems/gran</ref><ref>http://characterisationexplosiveweapons.org/studies/final-report/</ref><ref>http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/land-forces/guided-weapon-systems/km-8/</ref>
'''[[KM-8 Gran]]''' is a Russian guided 120&nbsp;mm mortar shell with Malakhit [[fire control system]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/Defensive-Weapons/KM-8-Gran_a000931001.aspx|title = Ancile}}</ref><ref>https://ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2016/armament/18259_Williams.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kbptula.ru/index.php/en/productions/artillery-guided-weapon-systems/gran |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 November 2017 |archive-date=12 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112214706/http://www.kbptula.ru/index.php/en/productions/artillery-guided-weapon-systems/gran |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://characterisationexplosiveweapons.org/studies/final-report/|title = Final Report}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/land-forces/guided-weapon-systems/km-8/|title = The "Gran" guided weapon system for 120mm mortars КМ-8 &#124; Catalog Rosoboronexport}}</ref>


'''GP120 (GP4)''' is a Chinese terminal corrected 120&nbsp;mm mortar shell.<ref>http://english.chinamil.com.cn/view/2017-03/27/content_7540752.htm</ref>
'''GP120 (GP4)''' is a Chinese terminal corrected 120&nbsp;mm mortar shell.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://english.chinamil.com.cn/view/2017-03/27/content_7540752.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=22 November 2017 |archive-date=1 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401075430/http://english.chinamil.com.cn/view/2017-03/27/content_7540752.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>


'''GP140''' is a Chinese [[semi-active laser]] (SAL) guided 120&nbsp;mm mortar shell.
'''GP140''' is a Chinese [[semi-active laser]] (SAL) guided 120&nbsp;mm mortar shell.
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In 2012 [[Sandia National Laboratories]] announced a self-guided bullet prototype that could track a target illuminated with a [[laser designator]]. The bullet is capable of updating its position 30 times a second and hitting targets over a mile away.<ref>[https://share.sandia.gov/news/resources/news_releases/bullet Sandia’s self-guided bullet prototype can hit target a mile away]</ref>
In 2012 [[Sandia National Laboratories]] announced a self-guided bullet prototype that could track a target illuminated with a [[laser designator]]. The bullet is capable of updating its position 30 times a second and hitting targets over a mile away.<ref>[https://share.sandia.gov/news/resources/news_releases/bullet Sandia’s self-guided bullet prototype can hit target a mile away]</ref>


In mid-2016, Russia revealed it was developing a similar "[[smart bullet]]" weapon designed to hit targets at a distance of up to {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on|order=flip|sigfig=1}}.<ref>[http://kitup.military.com/2016/07/russians-launch-smart-bullet-effort-in-the-wake-of-u-s-program.html Russians Launch Smart Bullet Effort in the Wake of U.S. Program] - Kitup.Military.com, 20 July 2016</ref><ref>[http://tass.com/defense/889242 Russia launches ‘smart bullet’ testing in guided flight regime]</ref>
In mid-2016, Russia revealed it was developing a similar "[[smart bullet]]" weapon designed to hit targets at a distance of up to {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on|order=flip|sigfig=1}}.<ref>[http://kitup.military.com/2016/07/russians-launch-smart-bullet-effort-in-the-wake-of-u-s-program.html Russians Launch Smart Bullet Effort in the Wake of U.S. Program] - Kitup.Military.com, 20 July 2016</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/889242|title=Russia launches 'smart bullet' testing in guided flight regime|website=TASS}}</ref>


[[Pike (munition)|Pike]]<ref>https://www.defensetech.org/2015/10/12/raytheon-displays-new-mini-rocket-for-special-forces-infantry/</ref> is a precision-guided mini-missile fired from an underslung grenade launcher.
[[Pike (munition)|Pike]]<ref>https://www.defensetech.org/2015/10/12/raytheon-displays-new-mini-rocket-for-special-forces-infantry/ {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref> is a precision-guided mini-missile fired from an underslung grenade launcher.


[[Air burst]] grenade launchers are a type of precision-guided weapons. Such grenade launchers can preprogram their grenades using a [[fire-control system]] to explode in the air above or beside the enemy.<ref>http://www.sadefensejournal.com/wp/?p=2944</ref><ref>http://www.quarryhs.co.uk/GRENADES%20WEB%20ARTICLE.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.orbitalatk.com/defense-systems/armament-systems/cdte/</ref>
[[Air burst]] grenade launchers are a type of precision-guided weapons. Such grenade launchers can preprogram their grenades using a [[fire-control system]] to explode in the air above or beside the enemy.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://sadefensejournal.com/grenade-launchers-and-their-ammunition-international-developments/|title=Grenade Launchers and their Ammunition: International Developments |journal=Small Arms Defense Journal}}</ref><ref>http://www.quarryhs.co.uk/GRENADES%20WEB%20ARTICLE.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>https://www.orbitalatk.com/defense-systems/armament-systems/cdte/</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Armement Air-Sol Modulaire]]
* [[Artillery fuze]]
* [[Airburst round]]
* [[Barq]]
* [[Bombe Guidée Laser]]
* [[Cannon-launched guided projectile]]
* [[Circular error probable]]
* [[Cruise missile]]
* [[EXACTO]]
* [[GB-8]]
* [[GBU-15]]
* [[Glide bomb]]
* [[Guidance system]]
* [[Guidance system]]
* [[Guided bomb]]
* [[Guided bomb]]
* [[HOPE/HOSBO]]
* [[KAB-500KR]]
* [[Magnetic proximity fuze]]
* [[Missile]]
* [[Missile guidance]]
* [[Missile guidance]]
* [[Proximity fuze]]
* [[TERCOM]]
* [[Proximity sensor]]
* [[Point target]]
* [[Qased]]
* [[SCALPEL]]
* [[Seirina Guided Bomb]] (SGB)
* [[SOM (missile)]]
* [[Sudarshan laser-guided bomb]]
* [[Terminal guidance]]
* [[Terminal guidance]]
* [[Wire-guided missile]]
* [[Wire-guided missile]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Noteslist}}
;References
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==External links==
==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*[http://www.tfcbooks.com/articles/tws10.htm A Brief History of Precision Guided Weapons]
*[http://www.tfcbooks.com/articles/tws10.htm A Brief History of Precision Guided Weapons]
*[http://science.howstuffworks.com/smart-bomb.htm How Smart Bombs Work]
*[http://science.howstuffworks.com/smart-bomb.htm How Smart Bombs Work]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Precision-Guided Munition}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Precision-Guided Munition}}
[[Category:Weapon guidance| 01]]
[[Category:Weapon guidance|*]]
[[Category:Aerial bombs]]
[[Category:Aerial bombs]]
[[Category:Targeting (warfare)]]
[[Category:Targeting (warfare)]]
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