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{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}} | ||
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==Family and background== | ==Family and background== | ||
Abbas Tyabji was born to a [[Sulaimani Bohra]] | Abbas Tyabji was born to a [[Sulaimani Bohra]] [[Tyabji family|Arab]] family of [[Cambay]] in [[Gujarat]]. He was the son of Shamsuddin Tyabji and grandson of Mullah Tyab Ali, a merchant. His father's elder brother was [[Badruddin Tyabji]], first Indian to become a Barrister later on a judge of the [[Bombay High Court]] and an early, loyalist president of the [[Indian National Congress]]. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Abbas Tyabji was born in [[Baroda State]], where his father was in the service of the [[Gaekwad]] [[Maharaja]]. He was educated in England, where he lived for eleven years. His nephew, the ornithologist [[Salim Ali (ornithologist)|Salim Ali]], says in his autobiography, | Abbas Tyabji was born in [[Baroda State]], where his father was in the service of the [[Gaekwad]] [[Maharaja]]. He was educated in England, where he lived for eleven years. His nephew, the ornithologist [[Salim Ali (ornithologist)|Salim Ali]], says in his autobiography, | ||
<blockquote>[Abbas Tyabji], though a moderate nationalist at heart, would stand no adverse criticism of the British as a people, or of the Raj, and even a mildly disparaging remark about the King-Emperor or the royal family was anathema to him. . . If he had any strong sentiments about [[Swadeshi]], he certainly didn't show it by precept or example. . . This being so, he naturally disagreed vehemently with Gandhiji and his methods of political mass agitation. . . In other respects, his moderate but simmering nationalism and his absolute integrity and fairness as a judge were widely recognized and lauded, even by leftist Congressmen and anti-British extremists.<ref name=ali/></blockquote> | <blockquote>[Abbas Tyabji], though a moderate nationalist at heart, would stand no adverse criticism of the British as a people, or of the Raj, and even a mildly disparaging remark about the King-Emperor or the royal family was anathema to him. . . If he had any strong sentiments about [[Swadeshi]], he certainly didn't show it by precept or example. . . This being so, he naturally disagreed vehemently with Gandhiji and his methods of political mass agitation. . . In other respects, his moderate but simmering nationalism and his absolute integrity and fairness as a judge were widely recognized and lauded, even by leftist Congressmen and anti-British extremists.<ref name=ali/></blockquote> | ||
As an England-educated barrister, Tyabji landed a job as judge in the court of [[Baroda State]] as a matter of course. With a generous salary added to his sizable family inheritance, and the respectability of a high-government appointment, the family was ensconced in the higher echelons of elite, westernized society, as compradors of the [[British Raj]]. For the entirety of his career, Tyabji remained a staunch loyalist of the Raj. He raised his children in a westernized manner, sending his children to England for higher education, and | As an England-educated barrister, Tyabji landed a job as judge in the court of [[Baroda State]] as a matter of course. With a generous salary added to his sizable family inheritance, and the respectability of a high-government appointment, the family was ensconced in the higher echelons of elite, westernized society, as compradors of the [[British Raj]]. For the entirety of his career, Tyabji remained a staunch loyalist of the Raj. He raised his children in a westernized manner, sending his children to England for higher education, and in time, he rose in the judiciary to become Chief Justice of the High Court of [[Baroda State]] and retired. | ||
He was an early proponent of women's rights, supporting women's education and social reform. He broke with the prevailing custom of the times by disregarding [[purdah]] restrictions and sending his daughters to school.<ref>{{cite book | last = Forbes | first = Geraldine Hancock | title = Women in Modern India | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year =1999 | isbn =0-521-65377-0 }} p. 199</ref><ref name=th>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/08/03/stories/2008080350070200.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140303102829/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/08/03/stories/2008080350070200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 March 2014|title=Remember Abbas Tyabji?|last=Nauriya|first=Anil|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date =2 March 2014|date=3 August 2008}}</ref> His daughter, Sohaila, was the mother of the eminent historian [[Irfan Habib]].<ref name=Hindu/> | He was an early proponent of women's rights, supporting women's education and social reform. He broke with the prevailing custom of the times by disregarding [[purdah]] restrictions and sending his daughters to school.<ref>{{cite book | last = Forbes | first = Geraldine Hancock | title = Women in Modern India | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year =1999 | isbn =0-521-65377-0 }} p. 199</ref><ref name=th>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/08/03/stories/2008080350070200.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140303102829/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/08/03/stories/2008080350070200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 March 2014|title=Remember Abbas Tyabji?|last=Nauriya|first=Anil|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date =2 March 2014|date=3 August 2008}}</ref> His daughter, Sohaila, was the mother of the eminent historian [[Irfan Habib]].<ref name=Hindu/> | ||
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On 7 May 1930 Tyabji launched the [[Dharasana Satyagraha]], addressing a meeting of the satyagrahis, and beginning the march with Gandhi's wife [[Kasturba Gandhi|Kasturba]] at his side. An eyewitness remarked "It was a most solemn spectacle to see this Grand Old Man with his flowing snow-white beard marching at the head of the column and keeping pace in spite of his three score and sixteen years."<ref>{{cite book | last =Bakshi | first =Shiri Ram | title =Advanced History of Modern India | publisher =Anmol Publications | year =1995 | location =India | isbn =81-7488-007-0 }} p. 86-87.</ref> On 12 May, before reaching Dharasana, Tyabji and 58 satyagrahis were arrested by the British. At that point, [[Sarojini Naidu]] was appointed to lead the Dharasana Satyagraha, which ended with the beating of hundreds of satyagrahis, an event that attracted worldwide attention to India's independence movement.<ref name=Ackerman/> | On 7 May 1930 Tyabji launched the [[Dharasana Satyagraha]], addressing a meeting of the satyagrahis, and beginning the march with Gandhi's wife [[Kasturba Gandhi|Kasturba]] at his side. An eyewitness remarked "It was a most solemn spectacle to see this Grand Old Man with his flowing snow-white beard marching at the head of the column and keeping pace in spite of his three score and sixteen years."<ref>{{cite book | last =Bakshi | first =Shiri Ram | title =Advanced History of Modern India | publisher =Anmol Publications | year =1995 | location =India | isbn =81-7488-007-0 }} p. 86-87.</ref> On 12 May, before reaching Dharasana, Tyabji and 58 satyagrahis were arrested by the British. At that point, [[Sarojini Naidu]] was appointed to lead the Dharasana Satyagraha, which ended with the beating of hundreds of satyagrahis, an event that attracted worldwide attention to India's independence movement.<ref name=Ackerman/> | ||
[[Mahatma Gandhi]] appointed Tyabji, at age seventy-six, to replace him as leader of the [[Salt Satyagraha]] in May 1930 after Gandhi's arrest.<ref name=Ackerman>{{cite book | last =Ackerman | first =Peter |author2=DuVall, Jack | title =A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict | publisher =Palgrave Macmillan | year =2000 | isbn =0-312-24050-3 }} p. 87-90.</ref> Tyabji was arrested soon afterward and imprisoned by the British Indian Government. Gandhi and others respectfully called Tyabji the "Grand Old Man of Gujarat".<ref name=Hindu>{{cite news | last =Nauriya | first =Anil | title =Memories of Another Gujarat | newspaper =The Hindu | date =24 December 2002 | url =http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/12/24/stories/2002122400941000.htm | access-date =25 January 2008 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080201083805/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/12/24/stories/2002122400941000.htm | archive-date =1 February 2008 | url-status = | [[Mahatma Gandhi]] appointed Tyabji, at age seventy-six, to replace him as leader of the [[Salt Satyagraha]] in May 1930 after Gandhi's arrest.<ref name=Ackerman>{{cite book | last =Ackerman | first =Peter |author2=DuVall, Jack | title =A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict | publisher =Palgrave Macmillan | year =2000 | isbn =0-312-24050-3 }} p. 87-90.</ref> Tyabji was arrested soon afterward and imprisoned by the British Indian Government. Gandhi and others respectfully called Tyabji the "Grand Old Man of Gujarat".<ref name=Hindu>{{cite news | last =Nauriya | first =Anil | title =Memories of Another Gujarat | newspaper =The Hindu | date =24 December 2002 | url =http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/12/24/stories/2002122400941000.htm | access-date =25 January 2008 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080201083805/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/12/24/stories/2002122400941000.htm | archive-date =1 February 2008 | url-status =usurped }}</ref><ref>"ONE OF MY STAUNCHEST FRIENDS GONE. MOTHER AND YOU WILL FIND ME EQUAL SHARER IN LOSS. FATHER WAS TRULY GRAND OLD MAN OF GUJARAT AND FAITHFUL SERVANT OF NATION WHO KNEW NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HINDU AND MUSLIM. SARDAR AND OTHERS ALL JOIN ME." {{cite web | last =Gandhi | first =Mahatma | title =Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi | work =69:127 Telegram to Raihana Tyabji | publisher =GandhiServe Foundation | url =http://www.gandhiserve.org/cwmg/VOL069.PDF | access-date =26 January 2008 }}</ref> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
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[[Category:Gujarati people]] | [[Category:Gujarati people]] | ||
[[Category:Chief Justices of the Gujarat High Court]] | [[Category:Chief Justices of the Gujarat High Court]] | ||
[[Category:Indian people of Arab descent]] | |||