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Kaur: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{Short description|Last name of Sikh women}} | ||
{{Other uses}} | {{Other uses}} | ||
'''Kaur''' ({{lang-pa|ਕੌਰ}} ([[Gurmukhi]]), {{lang-pa|کور}} ([[Shahmukhi]]) {{lang-en|crown prince}}) (sometimes spelled as ''Kour''), is a [[surname]] or an part of a personal name primarily used by [[Sikhism|Sikh]] women .<ref name= "Hanks 2013">{{Cite book|last=Hanks|first=Patrick|title=Dictionary of American Family Names|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vG7MZ9J6dAgC&pg=RA1-PA284|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199771691|pages=284}}</ref> "Kaur" is also sometimes translated as "lioness", not because this meaning is [[Etymology|etymologically]] derived from the name, but as a parallel to the Sikh male name "[[Singh]]," which means "lion." "Kaur" is recognized as “Princess” or "Spiritual Princess".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Brodd|first=Jeffrey|title=World Religions A Voyage of Discovery|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/World_Religions/hPiv0w6BDSQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA113|publisher=Saint Mary's Press|isbn=9780884897255|pages=113|date=2003}}</ref> | |||
Guru Gobind Singh derived ''Kaur'' from the combination of two Sanskrit words, ''Kumgra,'' meaning Prince, and ''Kuwari,'' meaning unmarried or single girl.{{cn|date=May 2022}} It also goes back to Sanskrit word "Kumari" meaning girl or daughter, which was abridged to "Kuar" and then changed into "Kaur" by metathesis.<ref name= "Hanks 2013"/> Etymologically it derived from the Rajput term [[Kunwar|Kanwar/Kunwar]] or prince and was used for persons of status.<ref>{{Cite book|last=McLeod|first=W.H.|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Sikhism/xajcAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA175&printsec=frontcover|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=9781442236011|pages=175}}</ref> | |||
''Kaur'' is a common name in the [[Sikhs|Sikh]] community. In a tradition that began more than 300 years ago, the name ''Kaur'' is given to every baptized female Sikh. Also, most women born into Sikh families, even if they are never baptized, are also given the name ''Kaur''. Some use ''Kaur'' as a middle name, while others use it as their last name. | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The tenth [[Guru#In Sikhism|guru]] of Sikhs, [[Guru Gobind Singh]] | The tenth [[Guru#In Sikhism|guru]] of Sikhs, [[Guru Gobind Singh]], introduced ''Kaur'' and ''[[Singh]]'' when he administered [[Amrit Sanskar|Amrit]] to both male and female Sikhs; all female Sikhs were asked to use the name ''Kaur'' after their forename, and male Sikhs were to use the name ''Singh''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hawkins|first=John|title=The Story of Religion The Rich History of the World's Major Faiths|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Story_of_Religion/cRl0DgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT302|publisher=Arcturus Publishing|isbn=9781784287368|pages=302|date=2016}}</ref> | ||
''Singh'' | The adoption of ''Kaur'' and ''Singh'' as religious [[surname]]s was also intended to reduce [[Caste system in India|caste-based prejudice]]. Because familial last names often signal a person's caste status (or for women who adopted their spouse's surname, the caste of their spouse), substituting ''Kaur'' and ''Singh'' allowed Sikhs to implement the Sikh religion's rejection of the caste system.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cole|first=Owen|title=Sikhism - An Introduction: Teach Yourself|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sikhism_An_Introduction_Teach_Yourself/NF04AgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT51|publisher=John Murray Press|isbn=9781444131017|pages=51|date=2010}}</ref> | ||
Sikh | ''Singh'' is also used by some non-Sikh women, because 'Singh' can be a surname in several other cultural communities. It is the most common surname used by Sikhs. Sikhs are not required to change their surnames after receiving Amrit, but many choose to do so. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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* [[Women in Sikhism]] | * [[Women in Sikhism]] | ||
* [[Singh]] | * [[Singh]] | ||
* [[Kunwar]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | |||
<!-- === Citations === | <!-- === Citations === | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
Latest revision as of 06:27, 12 June 2022
Kaur (Punjabi: ਕੌਰ (Gurmukhi), Punjabi: کور (Shahmukhi) English: crown prince) (sometimes spelled as Kour), is a surname or an part of a personal name primarily used by Sikh women .[1] "Kaur" is also sometimes translated as "lioness", not because this meaning is etymologically derived from the name, but as a parallel to the Sikh male name "Singh," which means "lion." "Kaur" is recognized as “Princess” or "Spiritual Princess".[2]
Guru Gobind Singh derived Kaur from the combination of two Sanskrit words, Kumgra, meaning Prince, and Kuwari, meaning unmarried or single girl.[citation needed] It also goes back to Sanskrit word "Kumari" meaning girl or daughter, which was abridged to "Kuar" and then changed into "Kaur" by metathesis.[1] Etymologically it derived from the Rajput term Kanwar/Kunwar or prince and was used for persons of status.[3]
Kaur is a common name in the Sikh community. In a tradition that began more than 300 years ago, the name Kaur is given to every baptized female Sikh. Also, most women born into Sikh families, even if they are never baptized, are also given the name Kaur. Some use Kaur as a middle name, while others use it as their last name.
History[edit]
The tenth guru of Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh, introduced Kaur and Singh when he administered Amrit to both male and female Sikhs; all female Sikhs were asked to use the name Kaur after their forename, and male Sikhs were to use the name Singh.[4]
The adoption of Kaur and Singh as religious surnames was also intended to reduce caste-based prejudice. Because familial last names often signal a person's caste status (or for women who adopted their spouse's surname, the caste of their spouse), substituting Kaur and Singh allowed Sikhs to implement the Sikh religion's rejection of the caste system.[5]
Singh is also used by some non-Sikh women, because 'Singh' can be a surname in several other cultural communities. It is the most common surname used by Sikhs. Sikhs are not required to change their surnames after receiving Amrit, but many choose to do so.
| Punjabi | Transliteration | English translation |
|---|---|---|
ਭੰਡਿ ਜੰਮੀਐ ਭੰਡਿ ਨਿੰਮੀਐ ਭੰਡਿ ਮੰਗਣੁ ਵੀਆਹੁ ॥ |
Bẖand jammī▫ai bẖand nimmī▫ai bẖand mangaṇ vī▫āhu. |
From woman, man is born; within woman, man is conceived; to a woman he is engaged and married. |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press. p. 284. ISBN 9780199771691.
- ↑ Brodd, Jeffrey (2003). World Religions A Voyage of Discovery. Saint Mary's Press. p. 113. ISBN 9780884897255.
- ↑ McLeod, W.H. Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 175. ISBN 9781442236011.
- ↑ Hawkins, John (2016). The Story of Religion The Rich History of the World's Major Faiths. Arcturus Publishing. p. 302. ISBN 9781784287368.
- ↑ Cole, Owen (2010). Sikhism - An Introduction: Teach Yourself. John Murray Press. p. 51. ISBN 9781444131017.
- Karamjeet kaur, History of Sikhs: 1469-1838, Vol I: Oxford University Press, 2004, page 80, footnote 14.