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{{Short description|Bhopal Gas tragedy and aftermath}} | |||
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'''Environment Protection Act, 1986''' [[Act of Parliament|Act]] of the [[Parliament of India]]. | '''Environment Protection Act, 1986''' is an [[Act of Parliament|Act]] of the [[Parliament of India]]. It was enacted in May 1986 and came into force on 19 November 1986. It has 26 sections and 4 chapters. The Act is widely considered to have been a response to the [[Bhopal disaster|Bhopal gas leak]]. The Act was passed by the [[Government of India]] under Article 253 of the [[Constitution of India]], which empowers to union government to enact laws to give effect to international agreements signed by the country. The purpose of the Act is to implement the decisions of the [[United Nations Conference on the Human Environment]]. They relate to the protection and improvement of the human environment and the prevention of hazards to human beings, other living creatures, plants and property. The Act is an “umbrella” legislation that has provided a framework for the environmental regulation regime in India, which covers all major industrial and infrastructure activities and prohibits and regulates specific activities in coastal areas and eco-sensitive areas. The Act also provides for coordination of the activities of various central and state authorities established under other environment-related laws, such as the Water Act and the Air Act.<ref>{{cite web|title=THE ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, and the motions of the restrictions will depend on the history of environment. 1986|url=http://envfor.nic.in/legis/env/env1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020613044316/http://envfor.nic.in/legis/env/env1.html|archive-date=13 June 2002|access-date=2 February 2014|website=envfor.nic.in}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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==Sections for environment protection act== | ==Sections for environment protection act== | ||
This act has four Chapters and 26 Sections. | This act has four Chapters and 26 Sections. | ||
''Chapter one consists of Preliminary information such as Short Title, Extend, Date of Commencement and Definitions. The definitions are given in the second section of the Act''. Chapter two describes general powers of [[Central Government]]. Chapter 3 gives the Central Government the power to take action to protect the environment. Chapter 4 allows government to appoint officers to achieve these objectives. It also gives the government the power to give direction to closure, prohibition or regulation of industry, pollution. The act has provisions for penalties for contravention of the provisions of the act and rules, orders and directions. It also gives detail if the offence is done by a company or government department. It says for such offence the in-charge and head of department respectively would be liable for punishment. | ''Chapter one consists of Preliminary information such as Short Title, Extend, Date of Commencement and Definitions. The definitions are given in the second section of the Act''. Chapter two describes general powers of [[Central Government]]. Chapter 3 gives the Central Government the power to take action to protect the environment. Chapter 4 allows government to appoint officers to achieve these objectives. It also gives the government the power to give direction to closure, prohibition or regulation of industry, pollution. The act has provisions for penalties for contravention of the provisions of the act and rules, orders and directions. It also gives detail if the offence is done by a company or government department. It says for such offence the in-charge and head of department respectively would be liable for punishment. | ||
<ref name="act">{{cite web|title=Environment (Protection). Act, 1986|url=http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/eprotect_act_1986.pdf|publisher=Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change}}</ref> | <ref name="act">{{cite web|title=Environment (Protection). Act, 1986|url=http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/eprotect_act_1986.pdf|publisher=Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change}}</ref> | ||
==Restricted areas== | ==Restricted areas== | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
[[Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act]] | * [[Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981]] | ||
* [[Forest Conservation Act, 1980]] | |||
[[Forest Conservation Act, 1980]] | * [[Wildlife Protection Act, 1972]] | ||
* [[Water Act, 1974]] | |||
[[Wildlife Protection Act, 1972]] | |||
[[Water | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020613044316/http://envfor.nic.in/legis/env/env1.html Text of the Act] | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20020613044316/http://envfor.nic.in/legis/env/env1.html Text of the Act] | ||
[[Category:Environmental law in India]] | [[Category:Environmental law in India]] | ||
[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 1986]] | [[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 1986]] | ||
[[Category:1986 in the environment]] | [[Category:1986 in the environment]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:18, 28 June 2022
| Environment Protection Act, 1986 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Parliament of India | |
| Enacted by | Parliament of India |
| Commenced | 9 January 1986 |
| Status: In force | |
Environment Protection Act, 1986 is an Act of the Parliament of India. It was enacted in May 1986 and came into force on 19 November 1986. It has 26 sections and 4 chapters. The Act is widely considered to have been a response to the Bhopal gas leak. The Act was passed by the Government of India under Article 253 of the Constitution of India, which empowers to union government to enact laws to give effect to international agreements signed by the country. The purpose of the Act is to implement the decisions of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. They relate to the protection and improvement of the human environment and the prevention of hazards to human beings, other living creatures, plants and property. The Act is an “umbrella” legislation that has provided a framework for the environmental regulation regime in India, which covers all major industrial and infrastructure activities and prohibits and regulates specific activities in coastal areas and eco-sensitive areas. The Act also provides for coordination of the activities of various central and state authorities established under other environment-related laws, such as the Water Act and the Air Act.[1]
History[edit | edit source]
This act was enacted by the Parliament of India in 1986. As the introduction says, "An Act to provide for the protection and improvement of environment and for matters connected therewith: Where as the decisions were taken at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at Stockholm in June, 1972, in which India participated, to take appropriate steps for the protection and improvement of human environment. Where as it is considered necessary further to implement the decisions aforesaid in so far as they relate to the protection and improvement of environment and the prevention of hazards to human beings, other living creatures, plants and property". [2] This was due to Bhopal Gas Tragedy which was considered as the worst industrial tragedy in India.
Sections for environment protection act[edit | edit source]
This act has four Chapters and 26 Sections.
Chapter one consists of Preliminary information such as Short Title, Extend, Date of Commencement and Definitions. The definitions are given in the second section of the Act. Chapter two describes general powers of Central Government. Chapter 3 gives the Central Government the power to take action to protect the environment. Chapter 4 allows government to appoint officers to achieve these objectives. It also gives the government the power to give direction to closure, prohibition or regulation of industry, pollution. The act has provisions for penalties for contravention of the provisions of the act and rules, orders and directions. It also gives detail if the offence is done by a company or government department. It says for such offence the in-charge and head of department respectively would be liable for punishment. [2]
Restricted areas[edit | edit source]
The areas on which restriction has been imposed by this act include Doon Valley in Uttarakhand, Aravali Regions in Alwar, Rajasthan, Coastal zones and ecologically sensitive zones, etc.[3]
See also[edit | edit source]
- Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981
- Forest Conservation Act, 1980
- Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
- Water Act, 1974
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "THE ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, and the motions of the restrictions will depend on the history of environment. 1986". envfor.nic.in. Archived from the original on 13 June 2002. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Environment (Protection). Act, 1986" (PDF). Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
- ↑ "Environmental legislation", The Statesman, 19 January 2017