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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} | ||
{{Ranks of Nobility}} | {{Ranks of Nobility}} | ||
{{politics}} | |||
[[File:Statue-Augustus.jpg|thumb|Gaius Octavian Caesar 'Augustus' or simply [[Augustus]], was the first [[Roman emperor|emperor]] of [[Roman Empire]], reigning from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.]] | [[File:Statue-Augustus.jpg|thumb|Gaius Octavian Caesar 'Augustus' or simply [[Augustus]], was the first [[Roman emperor|emperor]] of [[Roman Empire]], reigning from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.]] | ||
An '''emperor''' (from {{lang-la|[[imperator]]}}, via {{lang-fro|empereor}})<ref>{{OEtymD|emperor|access-date=2010-08-30}}</ref> is a [[monarch]], and usually the [[sovereignty|sovereign]] ruler of an [[empire]] or another type of imperial realm. '''Empress''', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ([[empress consort]]), mother ([[empress dowager]]), or a woman who rules in her own right and name ([[empress regnant]]). Emperors are generally recognized to be of the highest monarchic [[honour|honor]] and [[royal and noble ranks|rank]], surpassing [[king]]s. In [[Europe]], the title of Emperor has been used since the [[Middle Ages]], considered in those times equal or almost equal in dignity to that of [[Pope]] due to the latter's position as visible head of the Church and spiritual leader of the Catholic part of [[Western Europe]]. The [[Emperor of Japan]] is the only currently [[List of current sovereign monarchs|reigning monarch]] whose title is translated into English as "Emperor".<ref>{{cite news |last=Uyama |first=Takuei |date=23 October 2019 |title=天皇はなぜ「王(キング)」ではなく「皇帝(エンペラー)」なのか |trans-title=The Title of the Monarch of Japan: not the "King" but the "Emperor" |url=https://gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/-/67945?page=2 |language=ja |access-date=23 October 2019}}</ref> | An '''emperor''' (from {{lang-la|[[imperator]]}}, via {{lang-fro|empereor}})<ref>{{OEtymD|emperor|access-date=2010-08-30}}</ref> is a [[monarch]], and usually the [[sovereignty|sovereign]] ruler of an [[empire]] or another type of imperial realm. '''Empress''', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ([[empress consort]]), mother ([[empress dowager]]), or a woman who rules in her own right and name ([[empress regnant]]). Emperors are generally recognized to be of the highest monarchic [[honour|honor]] and [[royal and noble ranks|rank]], surpassing [[king]]s. In [[Europe]], the title of Emperor has been used since the [[Middle Ages]], considered in those times equal or almost equal in dignity to that of [[Pope]] due to the latter's position as visible head of the Church and spiritual leader of the Catholic part of [[Western Europe]]. The [[Emperor of Japan]] is the only currently [[List of current sovereign monarchs|reigning monarch]] whose title is translated into English as "Emperor".<ref>{{cite news |last=Uyama |first=Takuei |date=23 October 2019 |title=天皇はなぜ「王(キング)」ではなく「皇帝(エンペラー)」なのか |trans-title=The Title of the Monarch of Japan: not the "King" but the "Emperor" |url=https://gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/-/67945?page=2 |language=ja |access-date=23 October 2019}}</ref> | ||
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The full style of the Ottoman sultan once the empire's frontiers had stabilized became:<ref>{{Cite web |title=TheOttomans.org - The Ottomans History |url=http://theottomans.org/english/family/index.asp |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=theottomans.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-10 |title=Turkish And Ottoman Nobility And Royalty {{!}} Nobility Titles - Genuine Titles Of Nobility For Sale |url=https://nobilitytitles.net/turkish-ottoman-nobility-royalty/ |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=Nobility Titles |language=en}}</ref> | The full style of the Ottoman sultan once the empire's frontiers had stabilized became:<ref>{{Cite web |title=TheOttomans.org - The Ottomans History |url=http://theottomans.org/english/family/index.asp |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=theottomans.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-10 |title=Turkish And Ottoman Nobility And Royalty {{!}} Nobility Titles - Genuine Titles Of Nobility For Sale |url=https://nobilitytitles.net/turkish-ottoman-nobility-royalty/ |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=Nobility Titles |language=en}}</ref> | ||
{{blockquote|Sultan (given name) Han, Sovereign of [[Ottoman dynasty|The Sublime House of Osman]], {{lang|tr|[[Sultan of Sultans|Sultan us-Selatin]]}} (Sultan of Sultans), {{lang|ota-Latn|[[Khagan|Hakan]]}} (Khan of Khans), [[Amir al-Mu'minin|Commander of the faithful]] and [[Ottoman Caliphate|Successor of the Prophet of the Lord of the Universe]], [[Protector (title)#Islamic|Custodian]] of the Holy Cities of [[Mecca]], [[Medina]] and [[Jerusalem#Ottoman rule|Quds]] (Jerusalem), [[Padishah]] (Emperor) of The Three Cities of [[History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire|Istanbul]] (Constantinople), [[Edirne]] (Adrianople) and [[Bursa]], and of the Cities of [[Damascus#The Ottoman conquest|Châm]] (Damascus) and [[Egypt Eyalet|Cairo]] (Egypt), of all [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]], of the [[Maghreb]], of [[Cyrenaica|Barkah]], of [[Kairouan]], of [[Aleppo|Alep]], of [[History of Iraq#Ottoman Iraq and Mamluk rule|the Arab and Persian Iraq]], of [[Basra Vilayet|Basra]], of [[Al-Ahsa Oasis|El Hasa]] strip, of [[Raqqa]], of [[Mosul Vilayet|Mosul]], of [[Parthia]], of {{lang|ota-Latn|[[Diyarbekir Vilayet|Diyâr-ı Bekr]]}}, of [[Cilicia#Ottoman Empire|Cilicia]], of the provinces of [[Erzurum Eyalet|Erzurum]], of [[Rûm Eyalet|Sivas]], of [[Adana Eyalet|Adana]], of [[Karaman Eyalet|Karaman]], of [[Eyalet of Van|Van]], of Barbaria, of [[Habesh Eyalet|Habech]] (Abyssinia), of [[Ottoman Tunisia|Tunisia]], of [[Ottoman Tripolitania|Tripoli]], of [[Ottoman Syria|Châm]] (Syria), of [[Ottoman Cyprus|Cyprus]], of [[Rhodes]], of [[History of Crete#Venetian and Ottoman Crete|Crete]], of the province of [[Morea Eyalet|Morea]] (Peloponnese), of [[Mediterranean Sea|Bahr-i Sefid]] (Mediterranean Sea), of [[Black Sea|Bahr-i Siyah]] (Black Sea), of [[Anatolia Eyalet|Anatolia]], of [[Rumelia]] (the European part of the Empire), of [[Baghdad Vilayet|Bagdad]], of [[Kurdistan]], of [[Ottoman Greece|Greece]], of [[Turkestan]], of [[Tartary]], of [[Circassia]], of the two regions of [[Kabardino-Balkaria|Kabarda]], of [[History of Georgia (country)#Ottoman and Persian domination|Gorjestan]] (Georgia), of the [[Cumania|steppe]] of [[Kipchaks]], of the whole [[Khanate of Kazan|country]] of the [[Tatars]], of [[Feodosia#Kefe (Ottoman)|Kefa]] (Theodosia) and of all the [[Crimean Khanate|neighbouring regions]], of [[Bosnia Eyalet|Bosnia]], of the City and Fort of [[Belgrade# | {{blockquote|Sultan (given name) Han, Sovereign of [[Ottoman dynasty|The Sublime House of Osman]], {{lang|tr|[[Sultan of Sultans|Sultan us-Selatin]]}} (Sultan of Sultans), {{lang|ota-Latn|[[Khagan|Hakan]]}} (Khan of Khans), [[Amir al-Mu'minin|Commander of the faithful]] and [[Ottoman Caliphate|Successor of the Prophet of the Lord of the Universe]], [[Protector (title)#Islamic|Custodian]] of the Holy Cities of [[Mecca]], [[Medina]] and [[Jerusalem#Ottoman rule|Quds]] (Jerusalem), [[Padishah]] (Emperor) of The Three Cities of [[History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire|Istanbul]] (Constantinople), [[Edirne]] (Adrianople) and [[Bursa]], and of the Cities of [[Damascus#The Ottoman conquest|Châm]] (Damascus) and [[Egypt Eyalet|Cairo]] (Egypt), of all [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]], of the [[Maghreb]], of [[Cyrenaica|Barkah]], of [[Kairouan]], of [[Aleppo|Alep]], of [[History of Iraq#Ottoman Iraq and Mamluk rule|the Arab and Persian Iraq]], of [[Basra Vilayet|Basra]], of [[Al-Ahsa Oasis|El Hasa]] strip, of [[Raqqa]], of [[Mosul Vilayet|Mosul]], of [[Parthia]], of {{lang|ota-Latn|[[Diyarbekir Vilayet|Diyâr-ı Bekr]]}}, of [[Cilicia#Ottoman Empire|Cilicia]], of the provinces of [[Erzurum Eyalet|Erzurum]], of [[Rûm Eyalet|Sivas]], of [[Adana Eyalet|Adana]], of [[Karaman Eyalet|Karaman]], of [[Eyalet of Van|Van]], of Barbaria, of [[Habesh Eyalet|Habech]] (Abyssinia), of [[Ottoman Tunisia|Tunisia]], of [[Ottoman Tripolitania|Tripoli]], of [[Ottoman Syria|Châm]] (Syria), of [[Ottoman Cyprus|Cyprus]], of [[Rhodes]], of [[History of Crete#Venetian and Ottoman Crete|Crete]], of the province of [[Morea Eyalet|Morea]] (Peloponnese), of [[Mediterranean Sea|Bahr-i Sefid]] (Mediterranean Sea), of [[Black Sea|Bahr-i Siyah]] (Black Sea), of [[Anatolia Eyalet|Anatolia]], of [[Rumelia]] (the European part of the Empire), of [[Baghdad Vilayet|Bagdad]], of [[Kurdistan]], of [[Ottoman Greece|Greece]], of [[Turkestan]], of [[Tartary]], of [[Circassia]], of the two regions of [[Kabardino-Balkaria|Kabarda]], of [[History of Georgia (country)#Ottoman and Persian domination|Gorjestan]] (Georgia), of the [[Cumania|steppe]] of [[Kipchaks]], of the whole [[Khanate of Kazan|country]] of the [[Tatars]], of [[Feodosia#Kefe (Ottoman)|Kefa]] (Theodosia) and of all the [[Crimean Khanate|neighbouring regions]], of [[Bosnia Eyalet|Bosnia]], of the City and Fort of [[Belgrade#Ottoman rule and Austrian invasions|Belgrade]], of the province of [[Ottoman Serbia|Sirbistan]] (Serbia), with [[list of fortifications in Serbia|all the castles]] and [[List of cities in Serbia|cities]], of all [[Albania under the Ottoman Empire|Arnaut]], of all [[Wallachia|Eflak]] (Wallachia) and [[Moldavia|Bogdania]] (Moldavia), as well as [[vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire#List|all the dependencies and borders]], and [[list of Ottoman Empire territories|many others countries and cities]].}} | ||
After the [[Capture of Constantinople|Ottoman capture of Constantinople]] in 1453, the Ottoman sultans began to style themselves '''Kaysar-i Rum''' (Ceaser of the Romans) as they asserted themselves to be the heirs to the Roman Empire by right of conquest. The title was of such importance to them that it led them to eliminate the various Byzantine successor states – and therefore rival claimants – over the next eight years. Though the term "emperor" was rarely used by Westerners of the [[Ottoman sultan]], it was generally accepted by Westerners that he had imperial status. | After the [[Capture of Constantinople|Ottoman capture of Constantinople]] in 1453, the Ottoman sultans began to style themselves '''Kaysar-i Rum''' (Ceaser of the Romans) as they asserted themselves to be the heirs to the Roman Empire by right of conquest. The title was of such importance to them that it led them to eliminate the various Byzantine successor states – and therefore rival claimants – over the next eight years. Though the term "emperor" was rarely used by Westerners of the [[Ottoman sultan]], it was generally accepted by Westerners that he had imperial status. | ||
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====Haiti==== | ====Haiti==== | ||
[[Haiti]] was declared an empire by its ruler, [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], who made himself Jacques I, on 20 May 1805. He was assassinated the next year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jean-Jacques Dessalines|url=https://www.biography.com/political-figure/jean-jacques-dessalines|access-date=2020-11-27|website=Biography|language=en-us}}</ref> Haiti again became an empire from 1849 to 1859 under [[Faustin Soulouque]]. | [[Haiti]] was declared an empire by its ruler, [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]], who made himself Jacques I, on 20 May 1805. He was assassinated the next year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jean-Jacques Dessalines|url=https://www.biography.com/political-figure/jean-jacques-dessalines|access-date=2020-11-27|website=Biography|language=en-us}}</ref> Haiti again became an empire from 1849 to 1859 under [[Faustin Soulouque]]. | ||
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In 1976, President [[Jean-Bédel Bokassa]] of the [[Central African Republic]], proclaimed the country to be an autocratic [[Central African Empire]], and made himself Emperor as Bokassa I. The expenses of his coronation ceremony actually bankrupted the country. He was overthrown three years later and the republic was restored.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/headsofstatesgov00lent|title=Heads of states and governments: a worldwide encyclopedia of over 2,300 leaders, 1945 through 1992|last=Lentz|first=Harris M|date=1994-01-01|publisher=McFarland|isbn=0899509266|location=Jefferson, N.C.|language=en|url-access=registration}}</ref> | In 1976, President [[Jean-Bédel Bokassa]] of the [[Central African Republic]], proclaimed the country to be an autocratic [[Central African Empire]], and made himself Emperor as Bokassa I. The expenses of his coronation ceremony actually bankrupted the country. He was overthrown three years later and the republic was restored.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/headsofstatesgov00lent|title=Heads of states and governments: a worldwide encyclopedia of over 2,300 leaders, 1945 through 1992|last=Lentz|first=Harris M|date=1994-01-01|publisher=McFarland|isbn=0899509266|location=Jefferson, N.C.|language=en|url-access=registration}}</ref> | ||
==East Asian tradition | ==East Asian tradition== | ||
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2015}} | {{More citations needed section|date=June 2015}} | ||
{{See also|Emperor at home, king abroad}} | {{See also|Emperor at home, king abroad}} |