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File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi delevering the inaugural address at the Conclave on Transformational Reforms in Higher Education under NEP-2020 through video conferencing, in New Delhi on August 7.jpg|The NEP 2020 being discussed with educational institutions across the country. Visible are [[BITS Pilani]], [[Jamia Millia Islamia]], [[Panjab University]], [[Tezpur University]] Assam and CU Kerala. | File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi delevering the inaugural address at the Conclave on Transformational Reforms in Higher Education under NEP-2020 through video conferencing, in New Delhi on August 7.jpg|The NEP 2020 being discussed with educational institutions across the country. Visible are [[BITS Pilani]], [[Jamia Millia Islamia]], [[Panjab University]], [[Tezpur University]] Assam and CU Kerala. | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
== Provisions == | == Provisions == | ||
The NEP 2020 enacts numerous changes in India's education policy. It aims to increase state expenditure on education from around 3% to 6% of the GDP as soon as possible.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 July 2020|title=Govt approves plan to boost state spending on education to 6% of GDP|url=https://www.livemint.com/education/news/govt-approves-plan-to-boost-state-spending-on-education-to-6-of-gdp-11596024998889.html|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Livemint}}</ref> | The NEP 2020 enacts numerous changes in India's education policy. It aims to increase state expenditure on education from around 3% to 6% of the GDP as soon as possible.<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 July 2020|title=Govt approves plan to boost state spending on education to 6% of GDP|url=https://www.livemint.com/education/news/govt-approves-plan-to-boost-state-spending-on-education-to-6-of-gdp-11596024998889.html|access-date=30 July 2020|website=Livemint}}</ref> | ||
=== Languages === | === Languages === | ||
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=== School education === | === School education === | ||
* Focus on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy : The policy accords the highest priority to achieving Foundational Literacy and Numeracy by all students by Grade 3. The policy states, "The highest priority of the education system will be to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary school by 2025. The rest of this Policy will become relevant for our students only if this most basic learning requirement (i.e., reading, writing, and arithmetic at the foundational level) is first achieved. To this end, a National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy will be set up by the Ministry of Education on priority. Accordingly, all State/UT governments will immediately prepare an implementation plan for attaining universal foundational literacy and numeracy in all primary schools, identifying stage-wise targets and goals to be achieved by 2025, and closely tracking and monitoring progress of the same.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cabinet Approves National Education Policy 2020, paving way for transformational reforms in school and higher education systems in the country|url=http://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1642049|access-date=2021-08-08|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> | * Focus on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy : The policy accords the highest priority to achieving Foundational Literacy and Numeracy by all students by Grade 3. The policy states, "The highest priority of the education system will be to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary school by 2025. The rest of this Policy will become relevant for our students only if this most basic learning requirement (i.e., reading, writing, and arithmetic at the foundational level) is first achieved. To this end, a National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy will be set up by the Ministry of Education on priority. Accordingly, all State/UT governments will immediately prepare an implementation plan for attaining universal foundational literacy and numeracy in all primary schools, identifying stage-wise targets and goals to be achieved by 2025, and closely tracking and monitoring progress of the same".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cabinet Approves National Education Policy 2020, paving way for transformational reforms in school and higher education systems in the country|url=http://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1642049|access-date=2021-08-08|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> Subsequently, the NIPUN Bharat Mission was launched on 5 July 2021 to achieve this goal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Education Ministry launches NIPUN Bharat Mission|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/education-ministry-launches-nipun-bharat-mission/article35147248.ece|access-date=2021-08-08|website=@businessline|language=en}}</ref> | ||
*The "[[10+2|10 + 2]]" structure will be replaced with "[[5+3+3+4]]" model.<ref name="NDTVHighlights">{{cite web|date=29 July 2020|editor-last=Srinivasan|editor-first=Chandrashekar|title=National Education Policy, NEP 2020: Teaching in Mother Tongue Till Class 5: 10 Points On New Education Policy|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/national-education-policy-nep-2020-mother-tongue-till-class-5-10-points-on-national-education-policy-2020-2270926|access-date=29 July 2020|publisher=NDTV}}</ref> This will be implemented as follows:<ref>{{Cite web|first=Sagar|last=Kulkarni|date=2020-07-29|title=New policy offers 5-3-3-4 model of school education|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/new-policy-offers-5-3-3-4-model-of-school-education-867234.html|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=New education policy: The shift from 10+2 to 5+3+3+4 system|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/economy/article/new-education-policy-the-shift-from-102-to-5334-system/629902|first=Shuchita|last=Kumar|date=31 July 2020|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Times Now}}</ref> | *The "[[10+2|10 + 2]]" structure will be replaced with "[[5+3+3+4]]" model.<ref name="NDTVHighlights">{{cite web|date=29 July 2020|editor-last=Srinivasan|editor-first=Chandrashekar|title=National Education Policy, NEP 2020: Teaching in Mother Tongue Till Class 5: 10 Points On New Education Policy|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/national-education-policy-nep-2020-mother-tongue-till-class-5-10-points-on-national-education-policy-2020-2270926|access-date=29 July 2020|publisher=NDTV}}</ref> This will be implemented as follows:<ref>{{Cite web|first=Sagar|last=Kulkarni|date=2020-07-29|title=New policy offers 5-3-3-4 model of school education|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/new-policy-offers-5-3-3-4-model-of-school-education-867234.html|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=New education policy: The shift from 10+2 to 5+3+3+4 system|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/economy/article/new-education-policy-the-shift-from-102-to-5334-system/629902|first=Shuchita|last=Kumar|date=31 July 2020|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Times Now}}</ref> | ||
** Foundational Stage: This is further subdivided into two parts: 3 years of [[preschool]] or ''[[anganwadi]]'', followed by classes 1 and 2 in primary school. This will cover children of ages 3–8 years. The focus of studies will be in activity-based learning. | ** Foundational Stage: This is further subdivided into two parts: 3 years of [[preschool]] or ''[[anganwadi]]'', followed by classes 1 and 2 in primary school. This will cover children of ages 3–8 years. The focus of studies will be in activity-based learning. | ||
** Preparatory Stage: Classes 3 to 5, which will cover the ages of | ** Preparatory Stage: Classes 3 to 5, which will cover the ages of 8–10 years. It will gradually introduce subjects like speaking, reading, writing, physical education, languages, art, science and mathematics. | ||
** Middle Stage: Classes 6 to 8, covering children between ages 11 and | ** Middle Stage: Classes 6 to 8, covering children between ages 11 and 13. It will introduce students to the more abstract concepts in subjects of mathematics, sciences, social sciences, arts and humanities. | ||
** Secondary Stage: Classes 9 to 12, covering the ages of | ** Secondary Stage: Classes 9 to 12, covering the ages of 14–18 years. It is again subdivided into two parts: classes 9 and 10 covering the first phase while classes 11 and 12 covering the second phase. These 4 years of study are intended to inculcate multidisciplinary study, coupled with depth and critical thinking. Multiple options of subjects will be provided. | ||
* Instead of [[exams]] being held every academic year, school students will only attend three exams, in classes 2, 5 and 8.<ref name="NDTVHighlights" /> | * Instead of [[exams]] being held every academic year, school students will only attend three exams, in classes 2, 5 and 8.<ref name="NDTVHighlights" /> | ||
* Board exams will be continued to be held for classes 10 and 12 but will be re-designed. Standards for this will be established by an assessment body, ''PARAKH'' (Performance Assessment, Review and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development)<ref name="NDTVHighlights" /> To make them easier, these exams would be conducted twice a year, with students being offered up to two attempts.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 November 2019|agency=Press Trust of India New|title=Easier board exams with two attempts a year: HRD suggests in Draft Education Policy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/easier-board-exams-with-two-attempts-a-year-hrd-suggests-in-draft-education-policy-1615465-2019-11-04|access-date=31 July 2020|website=India Today}}</ref> The exam itself would have two parts, namely the objective and the descriptive.<ref name="HTHighlights29July" /> | * Board exams will be continued to be held for classes 10 and 12 but will be re-designed. Standards for this will be established by an assessment body, ''PARAKH'' (Performance Assessment, Review and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development)<ref name="NDTVHighlights" /> To make them easier, these exams would be conducted twice a year, with students being offered up to two attempts.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 November 2019|agency=Press Trust of India New|title=Easier board exams with two attempts a year: HRD suggests in Draft Education Policy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/easier-board-exams-with-two-attempts-a-year-hrd-suggests-in-draft-education-policy-1615465-2019-11-04|access-date=31 July 2020|website=India Today}}</ref> The exam itself would have two parts, namely the objective and the descriptive.<ref name="HTHighlights29July" /> | ||
* This policy aims at reducing the curriculum load of students and allowing them to be more "inter-disciplinary" and "multi-lingual". One example given was "If a student wants to pursue fashion studies with physics, or if one wants to learn bakery with chemistry, they'll be allowed to do so. | * This policy aims at reducing the curriculum load of students and allowing them to be more "inter-disciplinary" and "multi-lingual". One example given was "If a student wants to pursue fashion studies with physics, or if one wants to learn bakery with chemistry, they'll be allowed to do so".<ref name="TribuneNEP">{{Cite web|date=29 July 2020|title=Centre announces new National Education Policy|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/schools/centre-announces-new-national-education-policy-119539|access-date=30 July 2020|website=The Tribune|location=India}}</ref> Report cards will be "holistic", offering information about the student's skills.<ref name="HTHighlights29July" /> | ||
* [[Computer programming|Coding]] will be introduced from class 6 and experiential learning will be adopted<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 July 2020|title=New Education Policy: Students To Learn Coding From Class 6|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/new-education-policy-students-to-learn-coding-from-class-6th-onwards|access-date=31 July 2020|website=TheQuint}}</ref> | * [[Computer programming|Coding]] will be introduced from class 6 and experiential learning will be adopted<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 July 2020|title=New Education Policy: Students To Learn Coding From Class 6|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/new-education-policy-students-to-learn-coding-from-class-6th-onwards|access-date=31 July 2020|website=TheQuint}}</ref> | ||
* The [[Midday Meal Scheme]] will be extended to include breakfasts. More focus will be given to students' health, particularly mental health, through the deployment of counsellors and social workers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Education Policy 2020 Proposes Breakfast For School Children, Besides Mid-day Meals|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-national-education-policy-2020-proposes-breakfast-for-school-children-besides-mid-day-meals/357696|first=Prakash|last=Kumar|date=30 July 2020|access-date=31 July 2020|work=Outlook}}</ref> | * The [[Midday Meal Scheme]] will be extended to include breakfasts. More focus will be given to students' health, particularly mental health, through the deployment of counsellors and social workers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Education Policy 2020 Proposes Breakfast For School Children, Besides Mid-day Meals|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-national-education-policy-2020-proposes-breakfast-for-school-children-besides-mid-day-meals/357696|first=Prakash|last=Kumar|date=30 July 2020|access-date=31 July 2020|work=Outlook}}</ref> | ||
=== Higher education === | === Higher education === | ||
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** A 4-year multidisciplinary Bachelor's degree (the preferred option) | ** A 4-year multidisciplinary Bachelor's degree (the preferred option) | ||
*[[MPhil]] (Masters of Philosophy) courses are to be discontinued to align degree education with how it is in Western models.<ref name="WeekMPhil30July">{{Cite web|title=In defence of MPhil: Why the degree should not be discontinued|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/07/30/in-defence-of-mphil-why-the-degree-should-not-be-discontinued.html|first=Sneha|last=Bhura|date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=The Week}}</ref> | *[[MPhil]] (Masters of Philosophy) courses are to be discontinued to align degree education with how it is in Western models.<ref name="WeekMPhil30July">{{Cite web|title=In defence of MPhil: Why the degree should not be discontinued|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/07/30/in-defence-of-mphil-why-the-degree-should-not-be-discontinued.html|first=Sneha|last=Bhura|date=30 July 2020|access-date=30 July 2020|website=The Week}}</ref> | ||
* A Higher Education | * A Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) will be set up to regulate higher education. The council's goal will be to increase gross enrollment ratio.<ref name="NDTVHighlights" /> The HECI will have 4 verticals:<ref name="NDTVMerged30July">{{Cite web|editor-first=Anisha|editor-last=Kumari|date=30 July 2020|title=National Education Policy 2020: UGC, AICTE, NAAC To Be Merged In A New Body|url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/national-education-policy-2020-ugc-aicte-naac-be-merged-in-new-body|access-date=2020-08-09|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> | ||
** National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC), to regulate higher education, including teacher education, while excluding medical and legal education.<ref name="HT4Verticals31July">{{Cite web|first=Amandeep|last=Shukla|date=29 July 2020|title=National Education Policy 2020: UGC, AICTE era over, NEP moots HECI, single regulator with 4 verticals|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/national-education-policy-2020-ugc-aicte-era-over-nep-moots-heci-single-regulator-with-4-verticals/story-tHS4Td98ZzKYpwkU0Us0dM.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> | ** National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC), to regulate higher education, including teacher education, while excluding medical and legal education.<ref name="HT4Verticals31July">{{Cite web|first=Amandeep|last=Shukla|date=29 July 2020|title=National Education Policy 2020: UGC, AICTE era over, NEP moots HECI, single regulator with 4 verticals|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/national-education-policy-2020-ugc-aicte-era-over-nep-moots-heci-single-regulator-with-4-verticals/story-tHS4Td98ZzKYpwkU0Us0dM.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> | ||
** National Accreditation Council (NAC), a "meta-accrediting body".<ref name="HT4Verticals31July" /> | ** National Accreditation Council (NAC), a "meta-accrediting body".<ref name="HT4Verticals31July" /> | ||
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* The fees of both private and public universities will be fixed.<ref name=":3" /> | * The fees of both private and public universities will be fixed.<ref name=":3" /> | ||
=== | === International branch campuses === | ||
The NEP 2020 puts forward many policy changes when it comes to teachers and teacher education.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rajeev|first=K. R.|date=31 July 2020|title=Teacher education set for major overhaul|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/teacher-education-set-for-major-overhaul/articleshow/77268952.cms|access-date=31 July 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> To become a teacher, a 4-year [[Bachelor of Education]] will be the minimum requirement needed by 2030.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=30 July 2020|others=PTI|title=4-year BEd degree to be minimum qualification for teaching by 2030, says new NEP|url=https://www.livemint.com/education/news/4-year-bed-degree-to-be-minimum-qualification-for-teaching-by-2030-says-new-nep-11596100700209.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Livemint|language=en}}</ref> The teacher recruitment process will also be strengthened and made transparent.<ref name=":5" /> The [[National Council for Teacher Education]] will frame a National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education by 2021 and a National Professional Standards for Teachers by 2022.<ref name=":5" /> | After a failed attempt to import [[International branch campus|international branch campuses]] in 2012,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lane|first=Jason|date=July 1, 2013|title=India’s New Rules for Foreign Universities Are a ‘Missed Opportunity’|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education|url=https://www.chronicle.com/blogs/worldwise/indias-new-rules-for-foreign-universities-are-a-missed-opportunity}}</ref> the NEP 2020 renewed the effort by explicitly allowing for foreign universities to establish campuses in India as well as giving permission for IITs to set up campuses overseas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UGC allows top universities to set up campuses abroad|url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20210114093632924|access-date=2022-01-23|website=University World News}}</ref> The policy sets a grand goal of utilizing international education to reestablish India as a ''Vishwa Guru'' (or world teacher), which was reiterated by India's Vice President, [[Venkaiah Naidu|M. Venkaiah Naidu]], who expressed a desire to establish India to attract global academic talent.<ref>{{Cite news|others=PTI|date=2021-09-05|title=Time has come for India to emerge as knowledge hub, become 'vishwa guru' again: Vice President|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/time-has-come-for-india-to-emerge-as-knowledge-hub-become-vishwa-guru-again-vice-prez/article36303157.ece|access-date=2022-01-24|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Scholars have raised question about the idea of importing higher education institutions from other questions in order to advance a goal of positioning the country as a world teacher.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lane|first=Jason|last2=Schueller|title=Can international branch campuses aid national identity?|url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20220119141500610|access-date=2022-01-24|website=University World News}}</ref> | ||
{{ | |||
=== Teachers === | |||
The NEP 2020 puts forward many policy changes when it comes to teachers and teacher education.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rajeev|first=K. R.|date=31 July 2020|title=Teacher education set for major overhaul|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/teacher-education-set-for-major-overhaul/articleshow/77268952.cms|access-date=31 July 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> To become a teacher, a 4-year [[Bachelor of Education]] will be the minimum requirement needed by 2030.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=30 July 2020|others=PTI|title=4-year BEd degree to be minimum qualification for teaching by 2030, says new NEP|url=https://www.livemint.com/education/news/4-year-bed-degree-to-be-minimum-qualification-for-teaching-by-2030-says-new-nep-11596100700209.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Livemint|language=en}}</ref> The teacher recruitment process will also be strengthened and made transparent.<ref name=":5" /> The [[National Council for Teacher Education]] will frame a National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education by 2021 and a National Professional Standards for Teachers by 2022.<ref name=":5" /> | |||
=== EdTech === | |||
Under NEP 2020, EdTech companies and startups are provided with necessary guidelines and impetus to develop [[Learning management system|learning management systems]], ERP softwares, assessment platforms, online labs etc. for schools and universities. National Educational Technology Forum (NETF), an autonomous body is also created to facilitate exchange of ideas on technology usage to improve learning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2020 |editor-last=Baral |editor-first=Maitree |title=NEP 2020: New Education Policy Moots Formation Of Technology Forum |url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/new-education-policy-moots-formation-of-technology-forum |access-date=31 July 2020 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref> In September 2021, in line with NEP, [[NITI Aayog]] partnered with [[Byju's]] to provide free access to its tech-driven learning programmes to engineering aspirants from 112 districts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-17 |title=NITI Aayog ties up with BYJU’S to provide study material to schools |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/niti-aayog-ties-up-with-byjus-to-provide-study-material-to-schools-7514119/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> | |||
=== Other changes === | === Other changes === | ||
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* Special Education Zones, to focus on the education of underrepresented group in disadvantaged regions<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shukla|first=Amandeep|date=30 July 2020|title=Govt unveils sweeping changes for education|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/govt-unveils-sweeping-changes-for-education/story-zSewHWq7IiCaOOLNXUiRcK.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> | * Special Education Zones, to focus on the education of underrepresented group in disadvantaged regions<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shukla|first=Amandeep|date=30 July 2020|title=Govt unveils sweeping changes for education|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/govt-unveils-sweeping-changes-for-education/story-zSewHWq7IiCaOOLNXUiRcK.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> | ||
* Gender Inclusion Fund, for assisting the nation in the education of female and transgender children<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pandit|first=Ambika|date=30 July 2020|title=Gender Inclusion Fund, Spl Edu Zones in policy|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gender-inclusion-fund-spl-edu-zones-in-policy/articleshow/77252728.cms|access-date=31 July 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> | * Gender Inclusion Fund, for assisting the nation in the education of female and transgender children<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pandit|first=Ambika|date=30 July 2020|title=Gender Inclusion Fund, Spl Edu Zones in policy|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gender-inclusion-fund-spl-edu-zones-in-policy/articleshow/77252728.cms|access-date=31 July 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> | ||
The policy proposes new language institutions such as the Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation and the National Institute/ Institutes for [[Pali]], [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Prakrit]]. Other bodies proposed include the National Mission for Mentoring, National Book Promotion Policy, National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy. | The policy proposes new language institutions such as the Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation and the National Institute/ Institutes for [[Pali]], [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Prakrit]]. Other bodies proposed include the National Mission for Mentoring, National Book Promotion Policy, National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy. | ||
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[[Lok Sabha MP]] and [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] leader [[Shashi Tharoor]] welcomed the decision but stated his concerns about the implementation of the new policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/much-to-welcome-in-national-education-policy-but-shashi-tharoor-highlights-some-challenges/story-W86DVZPz0adXwrcs0SaUMO.html |title='Much to welcome in National Education Policy but...': Shashi Tharoor highlights some challenges |location=New Delhi |date=30 July 2020 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |first=Amit |last=Chaturvedi |access-date=30 July 2020}}</ref> A report by the [[Observer Research Foundation]] stated the same.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jain|first=Sangeet|date=6 August 2020|title=The National Education Policy 2020: A policy for the times|url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/national-education-policy-2020-policy-times/|access-date=2020-08-09|website=ORF}}</ref> | [[Lok Sabha MP]] and [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] leader [[Shashi Tharoor]] welcomed the decision but stated his concerns about the implementation of the new policy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/much-to-welcome-in-national-education-policy-but-shashi-tharoor-highlights-some-challenges/story-W86DVZPz0adXwrcs0SaUMO.html |title='Much to welcome in National Education Policy but...': Shashi Tharoor highlights some challenges |location=New Delhi |date=30 July 2020 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |first=Amit |last=Chaturvedi |access-date=30 July 2020}}</ref> A report by the [[Observer Research Foundation]] stated the same.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jain|first=Sangeet|date=6 August 2020|title=The National Education Policy 2020: A policy for the times|url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/national-education-policy-2020-policy-times/|access-date=2020-08-09|website=ORF}}</ref> | ||
Dhiraj Kumar Nite from [[Ambedkar University Delhi]] stated that the removal of the MPhil course was not in harmony with the principles of the NEP, since multiple exit points were offered at the undergraduate level but those interested in a Ph.D. would have no quick exit point, which the MPhil provided.<ref name="WeekMPhil30July" /> The [[JNU Students' Union]] (JNUSU) and Delhi University | Dhiraj Kumar Nite from [[Ambedkar University Delhi]] stated that the removal of the MPhil course was not in harmony with the principles of the NEP, since multiple exit points were offered at the undergraduate level but those interested in a Ph.D. would have no quick exit point, which the MPhil provided.<ref name="WeekMPhil30July" /> The [[JNU Students' Union|JNU Student's Union]] (JNUSU) and Delhi University Teacher's Association criticized the government for approving the policy amidst the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], stating that they had opposed the policy since its draft stage.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Kainat|last=Sarfaraz|date=29 July 2020|title=Mixed response to new education policy, Sisodia welcomes move to rename MHRD as ministry of education|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mixed-response-to-new-education-policy-sisodia-welcomes-move-to-rename-mhrd-as-ministry-of-education/story-u0VPRe5neHeolo4iRuC4mL.html|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> [[CPI(M)]] leader [[Sitaram Yechury]] alleged that suggestions made by academicians were not taken into account, while the [[politburo]] of the party condemned the commercialization encouraged by the policy.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-30|title=NEP will transform millions of lives, says Modi; CPM terms it unilateral drive to destroy education|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/nep-will-transform-millions-of-lives-says-modi-cpm-terms-it-unilateral-drive-to-destroy-education-8654181.html|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Firstpost}}</ref> Kumkum Roy of the Centre for Historical Studies, JNU, stated that the subjects on the studies of Gender Studies, Media, Environment and Development, Culture, Dalit, Discrimination and Exclusion, and Media have not been mentioned for development. In the study of the Constitution, Fundamental Rights have been left out.<ref>{{cite web |first=Kumkum |last=Roy |date=31 July 2020 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/national-education-policy-reservation-6531546/ |title=National Education Policy needs close scrutiny for what it says, what it doesn't |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> President of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]], [[M. K. Stalin]], stated that the policy was passed without a discussion in the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] and would undermine the [[Tamil language]], due to its "compulsory" option of Sanskrit at every level of education.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 August 2020|title=NEP 2020 "undermines" Tamil, halt its implementation: Stalin|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/nep-2020-undermines-tamil-halt-its-implementation-stalin/articleshow/77441931.cms|access-date=2020-08-09|agency=PTI|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Aishe Ghosh of the JNUSU [[tweeted]] that internships under the policy would lead to [[child labour]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aishe Ghosh calls internships 'child labour', Twitter mocks 'freeloader communists'|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/aishe-ghosh-calls-internships-child-labour-twitter-mocks-freeloader-communists-2|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Free Press Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shukla|first=Ashish|date=2020-07-30|title=Netizens irked with Modi government's 3-language formula in NEP 2020|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/netizens-irked-modi-governments-3-language-formula-nep-2020-825519|access-date=2020-08-09|website=[[International Business Times]]|location=India}}</ref> | ||
The Draft NEP of 2019 was criticized for multiple reasons. A social media campaign protested over the inclusion of Hindi in schools in the south Indian states.<ref>{{Cite news|title=#StopHindiImposition Protest Erupts Against Centre's Draft Education Plan|url=https://www.ndtv.com/south/stop-hindi-imposition-top-twitter-trend-in-protest-against-education-plan-2046497|first=J Sam Daniel |last=Stalin |editor-first=Divyanshu |editor-last=Dutta Roy |date=1 June 2019|access-date=30 July 2020|publisher=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamil-Speaking Ministers Join Firefight As Anti-Hindi Uproar Flares|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/hindi-imposition-protests-over-nep-2019-nirmala-sitharaman-s-jaishankar-join-firefight-2046912|first=J Sam Daniel |last=Stalin |editor-first=Chandrashekar |editor-last=Srinivasan |date=3 June 2019|access-date=30 July 2020|publisher=NDTV}}</ref> The [[Students' Federation of India]] stated that it threatened the federal character of the educational structure, | The Draft NEP of 2019 was criticized for multiple reasons. A social media campaign protested over the inclusion of Hindi in schools in the south Indian states.<ref>{{Cite news|title=#StopHindiImposition Protest Erupts Against Centre's Draft Education Plan|url=https://www.ndtv.com/south/stop-hindi-imposition-top-twitter-trend-in-protest-against-education-plan-2046497|first=J Sam Daniel |last=Stalin |editor-first=Divyanshu |editor-last=Dutta Roy |date=1 June 2019|access-date=30 July 2020|publisher=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamil-Speaking Ministers Join Firefight As Anti-Hindi Uproar Flares|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/hindi-imposition-protests-over-nep-2019-nirmala-sitharaman-s-jaishankar-join-firefight-2046912|first=J Sam Daniel |last=Stalin |editor-first=Chandrashekar |editor-last=Srinivasan |date=3 June 2019|access-date=30 July 2020|publisher=NDTV}}</ref> The [[Students' Federation of India|Student's Federation of India]] stated that it threatened the federal character of the educational structure, commercialized education and undermined independent research activity.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/jul/29/six-reasons-why-sfi-thinks-the-new-education-policy-will-destroy-indian-education-as-we-know-it-2011180.html|title=Six reasons why SFI thinks the New Education Policy will destroy Indian education as we know it|first=Prajanma|last=Das|date=29 July 2019|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref> Madhu Prasad of ''[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]'' pointed out how the draft's merit-based college admissions criteria did not take into account [[Reservation in India|reservations]] and the [[caste]]-based discrimination and oppression faced by many in the country.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Prasad|first=Madhu|date=19 July 2019|title=NEP 2019: The devil in the detail|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article28259123.ece|access-date=31 July 2020|magazine=Frontline}}</ref> [[D.P. Sharma|DP Sharma]] appreciated the current initiative of end to end transformation of Indian education system but expressed his concerns about the implementation with care and honesty and,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-25|title=Dr. D P Sharma On The Challenges In Indian Education Systems|url=https://eduvoice.in/dr-d-p-sharma-on-the-challenges-in-indian-education-systems/|access-date=2020-09-29|website=Eduvoice {{!}} The Voice of Education Industry|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-02|title=भारतीय स्किल डेवलपमेंट यूनिवर्सिटी (बीएसडीयू) ने 'रिसर्च ओरिएंटेशन इन प्रोजेक्ट वर्सेज प्रोजेक्ट ओरिएंटेशन इन रिसर्च' विषय पर किया वेबिनार का आयोजन|url=https://www.newstracklive.com/news/indian-skill-development-university-bsdu-organizes-webinar-on-the-topic-research-orientation-in-project-versus-project-orientation-in-research-mc23-nu896-ta896-1374369-1.html|access-date=2020-09-29|website=News Track|language=hi}}</ref> connected the [[Atmanirbhar Bharat|self reliant India]] mission with education transformation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aatm Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan : स्कूल—कॉलेज से शुरू होना चाहिए आत्मनिर्भरता का जज्बा|url=https://www.patrika.com/jaipur-news/aatm-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-dp-sharma-ilo-un-pm-bhardwaj-6309454/|access-date=2020-09-29|website=Patrika News|language=hi}}</ref> | ||
Multiple-exit option for undergraduate programs gives institutions cover to stop tracking students dropping out due to socio-economic compulsions and instead ignore such instances as individual choice. Prioritizing instructors from private edtech companies over academic professors and online modules over classroom learning has been seen as emphasizing a "mode-for-instruction" framework centered around vocational training and skilling for the masses; with the better "mode-for-learning" reserved for the privileged few through private universities, which are exempt from the regulations related to affirmative action.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=D’Souza |first1=Roshan |title=The Coming Disruption in Higher Education in India |journal=The India Forum |date=12 May 2022 |url=https://www.theindiaforum.in/article/disruption-higher-education-india |language=en}}</ref> | |||
== Implementation == | == Implementation == | ||
Andhra Chief Minister Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy has directed officials of the Education Department to implement the National Education Policy 2020 in letter and spirit across the State.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2021-09-08|title=NEP 2020 will be implemented in letter and spirit: Jagan|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nep-2020-will-be-implemented-in-letter-and-spirit-jagan/article36351627.ece|access-date=2021-09-15|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | * In early August 2021, Karnataka became the first state to issue an order with regard to implementing NEP.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karnataka becomes first state to issue order implementing National Education Policy|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2021/aug/07/karnataka-becomes-first-state-to-issue-order-implementingnational-education-policy-2341661.html|access-date=2021-09-15|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> | ||
* On 26 th August 2021, Madhya Pradesh implemented NEP 2020. | |||
Rajasthan Governor Kalraj Mishra said that NEP 2020 will be implemented in phased manner.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-07|title=NEP 2020 will be implemented in phased manner, says Rajasthan Governor Kalraj Mishra|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/raj-guv-says-new-education-policy-will-be-implemented-in-phased-manner/story-EdS2gZYQKtVW4oTNkq91nJ.html|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> | * Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister [[Yogi Adityanath]] said the National Education Policy-2020 will be implemented in phases by 2022.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=November 20, 2020 |title=NEP to be implemented in phases by 2022, says UP CM Yogi Adityanath|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/nep-to-be-implemented-in-phases-by-2022-says-up-cm-yogi-adityanath-1742420-2020-11-20|access-date=2021-09-15|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref> | ||
* The Telangana State government has decided to implement the newly announced National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) in the State.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Phaniharan|first=V. R. C.|date=2020-08-08|title=Telangana ready to implement National Education Policy 2020|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/telangana-ready-to-implement-national-education-policy-2020-638268|access-date=2021-09-15|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref> | |||
* Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray directs to appoint experts’ committee for implementation of new education policy.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-21|title=NEP 2020: Maharashtra CM directs to appoint experts' committee for implementation of new education policy|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/nep-2020-maharashtra-cm-directs-to-appoint-experts-committee-for-implementation-of-new-education-policy/story-S00Tc3fZVGXdoLs1DZaoLN.html|access-date=2021-09-15|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> | |||
* Andhra Chief Minister Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy has directed officials of the Education Department to implement the National Education Policy 2020 in letter and spirit across the State.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2021-09-08|title=NEP 2020 will be implemented in letter and spirit: Jagan|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nep-2020-will-be-implemented-in-letter-and-spirit-jagan/article36351627.ece|access-date=2021-09-15|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | |||
* Rajasthan Governor [[Kalraj Mishra]] said that NEP 2020 will be implemented in phased manner.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-07|title=NEP 2020 will be implemented in phased manner, says Rajasthan Governor Kalraj Mishra|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/raj-guv-says-new-education-policy-will-be-implemented-in-phased-manner/story-EdS2gZYQKtVW4oTNkq91nJ.html|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> | |||
* The Chief Minister of Assam, [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]] said that NEP 2020 will be implemented from 1 April 2022.<ref>{{citation|title=NEP will be implemented in Assam from April 1, 2022|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/nep-will-be-implemented-in-assam-from-april-1-2022-cm-biswa-sarma-1843656-2021-08-21|website=Indian Today|author=Indian Today Web Desk|date=21 August 2021|access-date=2021-10-30}}</ref> | |||
* In April 2022, the UGC (University Grants Commission) approved simultaneous dual degrees, both in physical and online modes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UGC Allows Students To Pursue 2 Degree Courses Simultaneously |url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/students-can-now-pursue-2-degree-courses-simultaneously-ugc-chairman-m-jagadesh-kumar |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[National Education | * [[National Policy on Education]] | ||
{{Portal bar|Education|India}} | {{Portal bar|Education|India}} | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{notelist}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||