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{{More citations needed|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
| common_name      = Garha Kingdom Of Gondwana
| common_name      = Garha Kingdom Of Gondwana
| image_coat      = Kingdom of gondwana.jpg
| coa_size        = 150px
| symbol_type      = Seal
| conventional_long_name = Garha Kingdom of Gondwana
| conventional_long_name = Garha Kingdom of Gondwana
| government_type  = Monarchy
| government_type  = Monarchy
| year_start      = unknown
| year_start      = unknown
| year_end        = 18th century
| year_end        = 1781
| capital          = [[Jabalpur|Garha]]<br/>[[Singorgarh fort|Singhorgarh]]<br/>[[Narsinghpur|Chouragarh]]<br/>[[Mandla|Ramnagar]]<br/>[[Mandla]]
| capital          = [[Jabalpur|Garha]]<br />[[Singorgarh fort|Singhorgarh]]<br />[[Narsinghpur|Chouragarh]] (1564-1634)<br />[[Ramnagar, Madhya Pradesh|Ramnagar]] (1634 - 1781)
| religion        = [[Hinduism]]
| religion        = [[Gondi people#Religion|Gondi]]
| common_languages = [[Sanskrit]]<br/>[[Gondi language|Gondwani]]
| common_languages = [[Dravidian languages|dravidian]]<br />[[Gondi language|Gondi]]
| today            = {{IND}}
| today            = India
}}
}}


Line 15: Line 17:


==History==
==History==
The first Gond king of '''Garha-Mandla''' was Jadurai. He became king after disposing [[Kalachuri]] [[Rajput]] of Garha-Mandla, where earlier he worked in court.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/the-gond-kingdoms-46701|title=The Gond kingdoms|website=downtoearth}}</ref>
The first Gond king of '''Garha-Mandla''' was Jadurai. He became king after disposing [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|the Kalchuri Rajputs]] of Garha-[[Mandla]], where earlier he worked in court.<ref name= "gondwana"/><ref name= "women"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/the-gond-kingdoms-46701|title=The Gond kingdoms|website=downtoearth}}</ref>


The Garha-Mandla kingdom was earlier a small territory which witnessed rapid expansion under the rule of [[Sangram Shah]], the 48th king, He captured territories like Narmada Valley, Bhopal, Sagar, Damoh and most of the Satpura hills. However the '''Garha-Mandla''' kings' rule ended when [[Asaf Khan I]], the Mughal Viceroy, invaded the kingdom in 1564. The Gond Queen [[Rani Durgavati]] is said to have fought bravely against King [[Akbar]] to save her kingdom; The Mughals acquired immense booty, including thousands of elephants from this victory. At the beginning of the year 1742 the Peshwas invaded Mandla and extracted chauth (tribute) from the region. Finally, with the end of Rajgond dynasty, '''Garha-Mandla''' was annexed to the Maratha government in the year 1781.
The Garha-Mandla kingdom was earlier a small territory which witnessed rapid expansion under the rule of [[Sangram Shah]], the 48th king, He captured territories like Narmada Valley, Bhopal, Sagar, Damoh and most of the Satpura hills. He conquered 52 forts called Garh to strengthen and spread the Gond territory. The Chouragrh Fort in [[Narsinghpur]] was built in the honour of conquering 52 forts.<ref name="gondwana">{{cite book |last1=Chatterton |first1=Eyre |title=The Story Of Gondwana |date=8 January 2021 |publisher=Read Books Ltd |isbn=978-1-5287-6963-1 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Story_Of_Gondwana/z7UTEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Sangram+Shah&pg=PT23&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> Sangram Shah is best known as a patron of arts and literature and he had great knowledge of [[Sanskrit]]. ''Rasratnamala'' was written by Sangram Shah.<ref name="misra">{{cite book |last1=Miśra |first1=Sureśa |title=Tribal Ascendancy in Central India: The Gond Kingdom of Garha |date=2007 |publisher=Manak Publications |isbn=978-81-7827-185-9 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Tribal_Ascendancy_in_Central_India/R4MMAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Rasratnamala&dq=Rasratnamala&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> At the time of Sangram Shah the capital of Garha kingdom was [[Singorgarh fort|Singhorgarh]].


The greatest ruler was [[Sangram Shah]]. He was 48th ruler of Garha Kingdom  who had conquered 52 forts called Garh to strengthen and spread the Gond Empire. The Chouragrh Fort in [[Narsinghpur]] was built on the honour of conquering 52 forts. Sangram Shah is best known as a patron of arts and literature and he had great knowledge of [[Sanskrit]]. ''Rasratnamala'' was written by Sangram Shah. At the time of Sangram Shah the capital of Garha kingdom was [[Singorgarh fort|Singhorgarh]].
His successor [[Dalpat Shah]], was married to [[Rani Durgawati]]<ref name="goddess">{{cite book |last1=Datta |first1=Saurav Ranjan |title=Goddesses of Fury: History's Most Daring Queens |publisher=The Little Booktique Hub |isbn=978-93-93209-19-1 |page=151 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Goddesses_of_Fury/xDpTEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dalpat+Shah&pg=PA151&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref name="women">{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Archana Garodia |title=The Women Who Ruled India: Leaders. Warriors. Icons. |date=20 April 2019 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=978-93-5195-153-7 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Women_Who_Ruled_India/4XuLDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dalpat+Shah&pg=PT67&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://www.livehistoryindia.com/snapshort-histories/2017/07/17/rani-durgavati-the-warrior-queen-of-the-gonds.html "Rani Durgavati: The Warrior Queen of the Gonds"]</ref> who was a [[Chandelas of Jejakabhukti|Chandela]] [[Rajput]] princess. Rani Durgavati moved her capital to Chouragarh because it was safer than Singhorgarh. Rani Durgawati made the kingdom extremely propserous, it was said that the people paid their taxes in gold in her reign.<ref name= "women"/> She battled against [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]]'s forces lead by [[Asaf Khan I]] in 1564. Though she lost, she is remembered as a war-heroine and is still praised in the areas of the former Garha kingdom. The Mughals acquired immense booty, including thousands of elephants from this victory. <ref name= "women"/><ref name="west">{{cite book |last1=West |first1=Barbara A. |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |date=19 May 2010 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-1913-7 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_the_Peoples_of_Asia_and/pCiNqFj3MQsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Sangram+Shah&pg=PA241&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>


His son [[Dalpat Shah]] was married to [[Rani Durgawati]]<ref>[https://www.livehistoryindia.com/snapshort-histories/2017/07/17/rani-durgavati-the-warrior-queen-of-the-gonds.html "Rani Durgavati: The Warrior Queen of the Gonds"]</ref> who was a [[Chandelas|Chandel]] princess. Rani Durgavati moved her capital to Chouragarh because it was safer than Singhorgarh. Rani Durgawati is the known for the bravery and sacrifice for her country. She battled against Mughal Empire of [[Akbar]] lead by Asaf Khan in 1564.
After 25 years of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule, the kingdom was restored to Chandra Shah, another son of [[Sangram Shah]] and half-brother of [[Dalpat Shah]].<ref name="orissa">{{cite book |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Mandla |date=1995 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Orissa_District_Gazetteers_Mandla/p14KAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Hirde+Shah&dq=Hirde+Shah&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> He was recognized as the successor of [[Rani Durgavati]] by [[Akbar]] on accepting Mughal suzerainty and ceding 10 of the garhas.<ref name="balaghat">{{cite book |last1=Pradesh (India) |first1=Madhya |title=Madhya Pradesh: Balaghat |date=1992 |publisher=Government Central Press |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Madhya_Pradesh_Balaghat/NCduAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Hirde+Shah&dq=Hirde+Shah&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref name="thakur gonds">{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Anima |title=Tribe in transition : a study of Thakur Gonds |date=2005 |publisher=Mittal Publications |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788170999898 |edition=1st |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Tribe_in_Transition/72DFmlOlViEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Dalpat+Shah&pg=PA124&printsec=frontcover}}</ref>
He was followed in succession by Madhukar Shah<ref name="balaghat"/> and Prem Narain. [[Jhujhar Singh]] of [[Orchha State|Orchha]] deposed Prem Narain, however, [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] intereference restored the kingdom to [[Hridayshah]].<ref name="balaghat"/><ref name="thakur gonds"/>


[[Hridayshah]] was a great music lover and patron. He was the 54th ruler of the Garha Kingdom. He gave his contributions for music. ''Hriday koutuk'' and ''Hriday prakash'' were written by him. He moved his capital from Chouragarh to Ramnagar of [[Mandla]] district.
[[Hridayshah]] maintained friendly relations with the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]], he spent days at the imperial court in Delhi as well.<ref name= "gondwana"/> He moved his capital from Chouragarh to [[Ramnagar, Madhya Pradesh|Ramnagar]] of [[Mandla]] district.


[[Shankar Shah]] and Raghunath Shah were freedom fighters who revolted against the British in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].
==Decline==
Hriday Shah was the last great king of Garha-Mandla. After his death, no great ruler appeared and court intrigue was common, greatly weakening the state. It ceded away portions of its territory and its revenues were spent to buy off its enemies. One of its feudatories, the Gond rajas of Deogadh, took advantage of the kingdom's weakness subsequent to the temporary Mughal conquest in the early 17th century and annexed a large part of its territories.<ref name="vidarbha"/> [[Bakht Buland Shah]], the Gond raja of Deogarh, was ceded the district of Seoni, Chauri, Dongartal and Ghansour<ref name="berar">{{cite book |last1=Sil |first1=Jogendra Nath |title=History of the Central Provinces and Berar |date=1917 |publisher=J.N. Sil |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/History_of_the_Central_Provinces_and_Ber/emxBAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=bakht+buland+shah&dq=bakht+buland+shah&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> by Narendra Shah of Mandla for his aid against the latter's cousins.<ref>{{cite book |title=Host Bibliographic Record for Boundwith Item Barcode 30112050248951 and Others |date=2013 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Host_Bibliographic_Record_for_Boundwith/4b4uPjJJFOkC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=bakht+buland+shah&dq=bakht+buland+shah&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>
 
By the time of Maharaj Shah (1732-1742), the kingdom held only 29 out of the initial 52 forts held by his ancestor [[Sangram Shah]]. In 1742, ''peshwa'' [[Balaji Baji Rao]] attacked Mandla and killed Maharaj Shah. His son, Shivraj Singh, ascended he throne on the condition that he would pay an annual tribute of 4 lakhs to the Marathas.<ref name="seoni">{{cite book |last1=Pradesh (India) |first1=Madhya |title=Madhya Pradesh: Seoni |date=1989 |publisher=Government Central Press |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Madhya_Pradesh_Seoni/vyVuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=bakht+buland+shah&dq=bakht+buland+shah&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>
 
In 1781<ref name= "gondwana"/> or 1780,<ref name="vidarbha">{{cite book |last1=Deogaonkar |first1=Shashishekhar Gopal |title=The Gonds of Vidarbha |date=2007 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-474-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X39c2VODLT0C&pg=PA16 |language=en}}</ref> Narhar Shah of Mandla was defeated by the [[Nagpur Kingdom|Maratha king of Nagpur]],<ref name= "gondwana"/><ref name="thakur gonds"/> [[Mudhoji Bhonsle]] and sent to spend the rest of his days at [[Khurai|Khurai fort]] in Saugor.<ref name= "gondwana"/> In 1817, Mandla came under British rule.<ref name="thakur gonds"/> The anthropologist [[Stephen Fuchs]] describes- "In 1781 the last Gond ruler of Mandla, Narhar Shah, was tortured to death by the Maratha general Moraji, and Mandla became a dependency of the Saugor Marathas. In 1799 Mandla fell to the [[Nagpur Kingdom|Bhonsla king of Nagpur]], till in 1818 the British took over and assumed the rule also over Mandla."<ref name="colonial">{{cite book |last1=Rashkow |first1=Ezra |last2=Ghosh |first2=Sanjukta |last3=Chakrabarti |first3=Upal |title=Memory, Identity and the Colonial Encounter in India: Essays in Honour of Peter Robb |date=18 August 2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-351-59694-7 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Memory_Identity_and_the_Colonial_Encount/lJ4xDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Narhar+Shah&pg=PT229&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>
 
[[Shankar Shah]], a pensioner of the British,<ref name= "gondwana"/> descendent of the rajas of Garha-Mandla and his son Raghunath Shah were arrested of a plot to murder the English residents of [[Jabalpur]] during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Revolt of 1857]] and were executed by [[blowing from a gun]]<ref name= "gondwana"/> in [[Jabalpur]].<ref name="west">{{cite book |last1=West |first1=Barbara A. |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |date=19 May 2010 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-1913-7 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_the_Peoples_of_Asia_and/pCiNqFj3MQsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Sangram+Shah&pg=PA241&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>
 
==Emblem of Gondwana State==
[[File:Gondwana emblem Amarkantak.jpg|thumb|Emblem at Amarkantak (MP)]]
For over a millennium in South Asia, the visual trope of a triumphant lion vanquishing one or several elephants has been common in architectural sculpture, both in the round and in relief. In the rather limited scholarship on this motif, diverse interpretations have been offered. Although its presence has remained fairly stable through time, there exist many minor variations on this motif, including the use of leonine creatures variously described as vyālas or yālīs, and the incorporation of other fantastic creatures known popularly as makaras in such combats. In South India, the myth of the fantastic composite animal called the Śarabha takes this imagery yet further. Yet, the simple image of a lion victorious over one or more elephants was situated very strategically within certain architectural programs for given periods and places. For example, [[Gondwana Kingdom]] forts, Deccani forts constructed between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries carried this representation on their barbicans and gateways . While tracing the history of this visual motif.


==Administration==
==Administration==
Administration of Gondwana was becoming centralised. The kingdom was divided into ''garh'', each ''garh'' was controlled by particular [[Gondi people|Gond]] clan. This was further divided into units of 84 villages called ''chourasi''. The ''chourasi'' was further subdivided into ''barhots'' which are made up of 12 villages each.
Administration of Gondwana was becoming centralised. The kingdom was divided into ''garh'', each ''garh'' was controlled by particular [[Gondi people|Gond]] clan. This was further divided into units of 84 villages called ''chourasi''. The ''chourasi'' was further subdivided into ''barhots'' which are made up of 12 villages each.


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# [[Rahatgarh]]
# [[Rahatgarh]]
# Ginnorgarh
# Ginnorgarh
# [[Bhopal]]  
# [[Bhopal]]
# [[Makrai State|Makrai]]
# [[Makrai State|Makrai]]
# Madogarh( Mandla)
# Madogarh( Mandla)
Line 48: Line 61:
# [[Ghansor|Ghansour]]
# [[Ghansor|Ghansour]]
# Karvagarh( seoni)
# Karvagarh( seoni)
# [[Chaiturgarh Lafagarh korba ]]
# [[Chaiturgarh Lafagarh korba]]
# [[Raigarh]]
# [[Raigarh]]
# Tipagarh(Balaghat)
# Tipagarh(Balaghat)
Line 87: Line 100:
# Fatehpur(Hoshangabad)
# Fatehpur(Hoshangabad)
}}
}}
== List of Rulers ==
=== Independent rulers ===
* Kharji (1440-1460)
* Gorakshakdas (1460-1480)
* Sukhandar (1480-1500)
* Arjun Das (150-1513)
* [[Sangram Shah]] (1513-1543)<ref name="thakur gonds"/>
* [[Dalpat Shah]] (1543?-1550)<ref name= "women"/>
* [[Rani Durgawati]] (1550-1564)<ref name= "goddess"/><ref name= "women"/><ref name="thakur gonds"/>
* Chandra Shah (c. 1589 -?)<ref name="thakur gonds"/>
* Madhukar Shah
* Prem Narain
* [[Hridayshah]] (1634-1668)
* Chhatra Shah (1668-1685)
* Kesari Shah (1685-1688) <ref name="Naidunia-Five-storey palace built from 350 year old stones">{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Five-storey palace built from 350 year old stones |url=https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/mandla-fivestorey-palace-built-from-350-year-old-stones-2725820 |website=Naidunia |publisher=Naidunia |access-date=12 December 2020}}</ref>
* Narendra Shah (1688-1732)
* Shahi (1732-1742)
* Shivaraj Shah (1742-1749)
* Durjan Shah (1749)
* Mahipal Shah (1749-1776)
* Narhari Shah (1776-1778)
* Sumedh Shah (1778-1781)


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*https://thewire.in/rights/adivasi-religion-recognition-census


[[Category:Ancient empires and kingdoms of India]]
[[Category:Ancient empires and kingdoms of India]]

Latest revision as of 09:03, 25 May 2022

Garha Kingdom of Gondwana
unknown–1781
CapitalGarha
Singhorgarh
Chouragarh (1564-1634)
Ramnagar (1634 - 1781)
Common languagesdravidian
Gondi
Religion
Gondi
GovernmentMonarchy
History 
• Established
unknown
• Disestablished
1781
Today part ofIndia

The Garha Kingdom, also called Garha Mandla or Garha Katanga was northern part of Gondwana.

History[edit | edit source]

The first Gond king of Garha-Mandla was Jadurai. He became king after disposing the Kalchuri Rajputs of Garha-Mandla, where earlier he worked in court.[1][2][3]

The Garha-Mandla kingdom was earlier a small territory which witnessed rapid expansion under the rule of Sangram Shah, the 48th king, He captured territories like Narmada Valley, Bhopal, Sagar, Damoh and most of the Satpura hills. He conquered 52 forts called Garh to strengthen and spread the Gond territory. The Chouragrh Fort in Narsinghpur was built in the honour of conquering 52 forts.[1] Sangram Shah is best known as a patron of arts and literature and he had great knowledge of Sanskrit. Rasratnamala was written by Sangram Shah.[4] At the time of Sangram Shah the capital of Garha kingdom was Singhorgarh.

His successor Dalpat Shah, was married to Rani Durgawati[5][2][6] who was a Chandela Rajput princess. Rani Durgavati moved her capital to Chouragarh because it was safer than Singhorgarh. Rani Durgawati made the kingdom extremely propserous, it was said that the people paid their taxes in gold in her reign.[2] She battled against Mughal Emperor Akbar's forces lead by Asaf Khan I in 1564. Though she lost, she is remembered as a war-heroine and is still praised in the areas of the former Garha kingdom. The Mughals acquired immense booty, including thousands of elephants from this victory. [2][7]

After 25 years of Mughal rule, the kingdom was restored to Chandra Shah, another son of Sangram Shah and half-brother of Dalpat Shah.[8] He was recognized as the successor of Rani Durgavati by Akbar on accepting Mughal suzerainty and ceding 10 of the garhas.[9][10] He was followed in succession by Madhukar Shah[9] and Prem Narain. Jhujhar Singh of Orchha deposed Prem Narain, however, Mughal intereference restored the kingdom to Hridayshah.[9][10]

Hridayshah maintained friendly relations with the Mughals, he spent days at the imperial court in Delhi as well.[1] He moved his capital from Chouragarh to Ramnagar of Mandla district.

Decline[edit | edit source]

Hriday Shah was the last great king of Garha-Mandla. After his death, no great ruler appeared and court intrigue was common, greatly weakening the state. It ceded away portions of its territory and its revenues were spent to buy off its enemies. One of its feudatories, the Gond rajas of Deogadh, took advantage of the kingdom's weakness subsequent to the temporary Mughal conquest in the early 17th century and annexed a large part of its territories.[11] Bakht Buland Shah, the Gond raja of Deogarh, was ceded the district of Seoni, Chauri, Dongartal and Ghansour[12] by Narendra Shah of Mandla for his aid against the latter's cousins.[13]

By the time of Maharaj Shah (1732-1742), the kingdom held only 29 out of the initial 52 forts held by his ancestor Sangram Shah. In 1742, peshwa Balaji Baji Rao attacked Mandla and killed Maharaj Shah. His son, Shivraj Singh, ascended he throne on the condition that he would pay an annual tribute of 4 lakhs to the Marathas.[14]

In 1781[1] or 1780,[11] Narhar Shah of Mandla was defeated by the Maratha king of Nagpur,[1][10] Mudhoji Bhonsle and sent to spend the rest of his days at Khurai fort in Saugor.[1] In 1817, Mandla came under British rule.[10] The anthropologist Stephen Fuchs describes- "In 1781 the last Gond ruler of Mandla, Narhar Shah, was tortured to death by the Maratha general Moraji, and Mandla became a dependency of the Saugor Marathas. In 1799 Mandla fell to the Bhonsla king of Nagpur, till in 1818 the British took over and assumed the rule also over Mandla."[15]

Shankar Shah, a pensioner of the British,[1] descendent of the rajas of Garha-Mandla and his son Raghunath Shah were arrested of a plot to murder the English residents of Jabalpur during the Revolt of 1857 and were executed by blowing from a gun[1] in Jabalpur.[7]

Emblem of Gondwana State[edit | edit source]

File:Gondwana emblem Amarkantak.jpg
Emblem at Amarkantak (MP)

For over a millennium in South Asia, the visual trope of a triumphant lion vanquishing one or several elephants has been common in architectural sculpture, both in the round and in relief. In the rather limited scholarship on this motif, diverse interpretations have been offered. Although its presence has remained fairly stable through time, there exist many minor variations on this motif, including the use of leonine creatures variously described as vyālas or yālīs, and the incorporation of other fantastic creatures known popularly as makaras in such combats. In South India, the myth of the fantastic composite animal called the Śarabha takes this imagery yet further. Yet, the simple image of a lion victorious over one or more elephants was situated very strategically within certain architectural programs for given periods and places. For example, Gondwana Kingdom forts, Deccani forts constructed between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries carried this representation on their barbicans and gateways . While tracing the history of this visual motif.

Administration[edit | edit source]

Administration of Gondwana was becoming centralised. The kingdom was divided into garh, each garh was controlled by particular Gond clan. This was further divided into units of 84 villages called chourasi. The chourasi was further subdivided into barhots which are made up of 12 villages each.

52 Garh of Gondwana[edit | edit source]

  1. Garha
  2. Singhorgarh
  3. Kurwai
  4. Rahatgarh
  5. Ginnorgarh
  6. Bhopal
  7. Makrai
  8. Madogarh( Mandla)
  9. Amoda(jabalpur)
  10. Patangarh( Jabalpur)
  11. Chourai
  12. Bargi
  13. Ghansour
  14. Karvagarh( seoni)
  15. Chaiturgarh Lafagarh korba
  16. Raigarh
  17. Tipagarh(Balaghat)
  18. Kanoja(Jabalpur)
  19. Pachelgarh(Jabalpur)
  20. Bagmar(Mandla)
  21. Dongartal(Nagpur)
  22. Jhanjhangarh(Jabalpur)
  23. Santagarh
  24. Diyagarh(Jabalpur)
  25. Bankagarh
  26. Amargarh(Dindori)
  27. Devhar(Dindori)
  28. Nimuagarh(Narsinghpur)
  29. Bhanwargarh(Narsinghpur)
  30. Pawai-karhi
  31. Shahnagar
  32. Dhamoni
  33. Hatta
  34. Madiyado
  35. Garhakota
  36. Shahgarh
  37. Garhpahra(sagar)
  38. Damoh
  39. Rehli
  40. Itwa(sagar)
  41. Khimlasa
  42. Badi
  43. Chowkigarh(Hoshangabad)
  44. Karubag(Raisen)
  45. Raisen
  46. Bhanwaraso
  47. Opadgarh(Bhopal)
  48. Punagarh(Narsinghpur)
  49. Deori
  50. Gourjhamar
  51. Partabgarh(Bilaspur)
  52. Fatehpur(Hoshangabad)

List of Rulers[edit | edit source]

Independent rulers[edit | edit source]

  • Kharji (1440-1460)
  • Gorakshakdas (1460-1480)
  • Sukhandar (1480-1500)
  • Arjun Das (150-1513)
  • Sangram Shah (1513-1543)[10]
  • Dalpat Shah (1543?-1550)[2]
  • Rani Durgawati (1550-1564)[5][2][10]
  • Chandra Shah (c. 1589 -?)[10]
  • Madhukar Shah
  • Prem Narain
  • Hridayshah (1634-1668)
  • Chhatra Shah (1668-1685)
  • Kesari Shah (1685-1688) [16]
  • Narendra Shah (1688-1732)
  • Shahi (1732-1742)
  • Shivaraj Shah (1742-1749)
  • Durjan Shah (1749)
  • Mahipal Shah (1749-1776)
  • Narhari Shah (1776-1778)
  • Sumedh Shah (1778-1781)

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Chatterton, Eyre (8 January 2021). The Story Of Gondwana. Read Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-5287-6963-1.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Gupta, Archana Garodia (20 April 2019). The Women Who Ruled India: Leaders. Warriors. Icons. Hachette India. ISBN 978-93-5195-153-7.
  3. ↑ "The Gond kingdoms". downtoearth.
  4. ↑ Miśra, Sureśa (2007). Tribal Ascendancy in Central India: The Gond Kingdom of Garha. Manak Publications. ISBN 978-81-7827-185-9.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Datta, Saurav Ranjan. Goddesses of Fury: History's Most Daring Queens. The Little Booktique Hub. p. 151. ISBN 978-93-93209-19-1.
  6. ↑ "Rani Durgavati: The Warrior Queen of the Gonds"
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 West, Barbara A. (19 May 2010). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-1913-7.
  8. ↑ Orissa District Gazetteers: Mandla. Superintendent, Orissa Government Press. 1995.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Pradesh (India), Madhya (1992). Madhya Pradesh: Balaghat. Government Central Press.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Sharma, Anima (2005). Tribe in transition : a study of Thakur Gonds (1st ed.). New Delhi: Mittal Publications. ISBN 9788170999898.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Deogaonkar, Shashishekhar Gopal (2007). The Gonds of Vidarbha. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-8069-474-5.
  12. ↑ Sil, Jogendra Nath (1917). History of the Central Provinces and Berar. J.N. Sil.
  13. ↑ Host Bibliographic Record for Boundwith Item Barcode 30112050248951 and Others. 2013.
  14. ↑ Pradesh (India), Madhya (1989). Madhya Pradesh: Seoni. Government Central Press.
  15. ↑ Rashkow, Ezra; Ghosh, Sanjukta; Chakrabarti, Upal (18 August 2017). Memory, Identity and the Colonial Encounter in India: Essays in Honour of Peter Robb. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-59694-7.
  16. ↑ "Five-storey palace built from 350 year old stones". Naidunia. Naidunia. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
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