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{{Short description|State in India}} | {{Short description|State in India}} | ||
{{Other uses}} | {{Other uses}} | ||
<!--several subsections have very few footnotes--> | {{pp-move-indef}}<!--several subsections have very few footnotes--> | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}} | {{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Goa | <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Goa | ||
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| photo3b= Old Goa Church 01.jpg | | photo3b= Old Goa Church 01.jpg | ||
| photo4a = Shantadurga temple.jpg}} | | photo4a = Shantadurga temple.jpg}} | ||
| caption = Clockwise from top: [[ | | caption = Clockwise from top: [[Palolem Beach]], [[Church and Convent of St. Francis of Assisi]], [[Basilica of Bom Jesus]], [[Shanta Durga Temple]], [[Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church, Goa]] and Gallery de Fontainhas | ||
| settlement_type = [[States and union territories of India|State]] | | settlement_type = [[States and union territories of India|State]] | ||
| image_blank_emblem = File:Seal of Goa.png | | image_blank_emblem = File:Seal of Goa.png | ||
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| image_map1 = Districts and Sub-Districts of Goa.png | | image_map1 = Districts and Sub-Districts of Goa.png | ||
| map_caption1 = Map of Goa | | map_caption1 = Map of Goa | ||
| image_flag = | | image_flag = | ||
| coordinates = {{coord|15.50|N|73.83|E|type:adm1st_region:IN-GA|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|15.50|N|73.83|E|type:adm1st_region:IN-GA|display=inline,title}} | ||
| coor_pinpoint = Panaji | | coor_pinpoint = Panaji | ||
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| motto = <br/>Sarve Bhadrāṇi Paśyantu Mā Kaścid Duḥkhamāpnuyāt<br/> (''May everyone see goodness, may none suffer any pain'') | | motto = <br/>Sarve Bhadrāṇi Paśyantu Mā Kaścid Duḥkhamāpnuyāt<br/> (''May everyone see goodness, may none suffer any pain'') | ||
| subdivision_type = Country | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_name = | | subdivision_name = [[India]] | ||
| established_title = [[States and union territories of India|Formation of state]] | | established_title = [[States and union territories of India|Formation of state]] | ||
| established_date = 30 May 1987 | | established_date = 30 May 1987 | ||
| seat_type = Capital | | seat_type = Capital | ||
| seat = [[Panaji]] (Panjim) | | seat = [[Panaji]] (Panjim) | ||
| parts_type = [[List of | | parts_type = [[List of districts in India|Districts]] | ||
| parts_style = para | | parts_style = para | ||
| p1 = [[List of districts of Goa|2]] | | p1 = [[List of districts of Goa|2]] | ||
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| blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2019)}} | | blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2019)}} | ||
| blank_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.763<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/IND/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|access-date=14 July 2021}}</ref> (<span style="color:#090">high</span>) | | blank_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.763<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/IND/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|access-date=14 July 2021}}</ref> (<span style="color:#090">high</span>) | ||
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Sex | | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Sex ratio]] | ||
| blank1_info_sec1 = 973 [[females|♀]]/1000 [[males|♂]]<ref name="pc-census2011">{{cite web |title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban) |url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf |website=planningcommission.gov.in |publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India |access-date=3 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | | blank1_info_sec1 = 973 [[females|♀]]/1000 [[males|♂]]<ref name="pc-census2011">{{cite web |title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban) |url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf |website=planningcommission.gov.in |publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India |access-date=3 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] | | blank_name_sec2 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Goa''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Goa.ogg|ˈ|ɡ|oʊ|ə}}) is a [[ | '''Goa''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Goa.ogg|ˈ|ɡ|oʊ|ə}}) is a [[States and union territories of India|state]] on the southwestern coast of [[India]] within the [[Konkan]] region, geographically separated from the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan highlands]] by the [[Western Ghats]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Goa - state, India |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Goa |website=Britannica |access-date=29 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cFZ_BAAAQBAJ&q=google+book+Hindu-Catholic+encounters+in+Goa+:+religion,+colonialism,+and+modernity+karnataka&pg=PA5|title=Hindu-Catholic Encounters in Goa: Religion, Colonialism, and Modernity|last=Henn|first=Alexander|date=2014|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=9780253013002|location=Bloomington, Ind.|pages=1|oclc=890531126|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215160118/https://books.google.com/books?id=cFZ_BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=google+book+Hindu-Catholic+encounters+in+Goa+:+religion,+colonialism,+and+modernity+karnataka&source=bl&ots=BLS4SQqRFv&sig=ACfU3U15ylxdpquFrc3aItJzKOJZiT1ztg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-9OLXwL3gAhWRiHAKHWBtCrQQ6AEwC3oECAQQAQ#v=snippet&q=karnataka&f=false|archive-date=15 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> It is located between the [[India]]n states of [[Maharashtra]] to the north and [[Karnataka]] to the east and south, with the [[Arabian Sea]] forming its western coast. It is India's smallest state by area and its [[List of states and territories of India by population|fourth-smallest by population]]. Goa has the highest [[GDP per capita]] among all Indian states,<ref name="MOSPI"/><ref>{{Cite book|title=Courts in federal countries : federalists or unitarists?|publisher=University of Toronto Press|author1=Kincaid, John|author1-link=John Kincaid (political scientist)|author2=Aroney, Nicholas|year=2017|isbn=9781487514662|location=Toronto|pages=225|chapter=The Supreme Court of India|oclc=982378193}}</ref> two and a half times as high as the GDP per capita of the country as a whole.<ref name="report" /> The [[Eleventh Finance Commission]] of India named Goa the best-placed state because of its infrastructure, and India's [[National Commission on Population]] rated it as having the best quality of life in India (based on the commission's “12 Indicators”).<ref name="report">{{cite book|others=India. Finance Commission|title=Reports of the finance commissions of India: First Finance Commission to the Twelfth Finance Commission: the complete report|publisher=Academic Foundation |year=2005|page=268|isbn=978-81-7188-474-2}}</ref> It is the [[List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index|third-highest ranking]] among Indian states in the [[human development index]].<ref name="GlobalDataLab" /> | ||
[[Panaji]] is the state's capital, while [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]] is its largest city. The historic city of [[Margao|Margão]] in Goa still exhibits the cultural influence of the [[Portuguese culture|Portuguese]], who [[discovery of the sea route to India|first voyaged to the subcontinent]] in the early 16th century as merchants, and [[Portuguese conquest of Goa|conquered]] it soon thereafter, whereupon Goa became an [[List of states of the Portuguese Empire|overseas territory of the Portuguese Empire]], part of what was then known as [[Portuguese India]], and remained as such for about 450 years | [[Panaji]] is the state's capital, while [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]] is its largest city. The historic city of [[Margao|Margão]] in Goa still exhibits the cultural influence of the [[Portuguese culture|Portuguese]], who [[discovery of the sea route to India|first voyaged to the subcontinent]] in the early 16th century as merchants, and [[Portuguese conquest of Goa|conquered]] it soon thereafter, whereupon Goa became an [[List of states of the Portuguese Empire|overseas territory of the Portuguese Empire]], part of what was then known as [[Portuguese India]], and remained as such for about 450 years until it was [[Annexation of Goa|annexed by India]] in 1961.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gpp.nic.in/Liberation.html |title=Liberation of Goa |access-date=17 July 2007 |publisher=Government Polytechnic, Panaji |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928203647/http://gpp.nic.in/Liberation.html |archive-date=28 September 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1960s/Goa01.html |title=The Liberation of Goa: an Overview |access-date=17 July 2007 |last=Pillarisetti |first=Jagan |work=The Liberation of Goa:1961 |publisher=bharat-rakshak.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809202539/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/1960s/Goa01.html |archive-date=9 August 2007}}</ref> Goa's official language, which is spoken by a majority of its inhabitants, is [[Konkani]]. | ||
Goa is visited by large numbers of international and domestic tourists each year because of its white-sand beaches, active nightlife, places of worship, and [[Old Goa|World Heritage-listed architecture]]. It also has rich flora and fauna because it lies very close to the [[North Western | Goa is visited by large numbers of international and domestic tourists each year because of its white-sand beaches, active nightlife, places of worship, and [[Old Goa|World Heritage-listed architecture]]. It also has rich flora and fauna because it lies very close to the [[western Ghats|North Western Ghats rainforest]]s, one of the rare [[biodiversity hotspot]]s of the world. | ||
== Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
After the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani]]-Bijapuri city of Goa was captured by [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] in 1510, and made the capital of the [[Estado da Índia]], the city gave its name to the contiguous territories. | After the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani]]-Bijapuri city of Goa was captured by [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] in 1510, and made the capital of the [[Estado da Índia]], the city gave its name to the contiguous territories. | ||
The origin of the city name ''Goa'' is unclear. In ancient literature, Goa was known by many names, such as ''Gomanchala'', ''[[Gopakapattana]]'', ''Gopakapattam'', ''Gopakapuri'', ''Govapuri'', ''Govem'', and ''Gomantak''.<ref name="nic1">{{cite web|url=http://www.india.gov.in/knowindia/st_goa.php |title=Goa |publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]](NIC) |access-date=4 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218193633/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_goa.php |archive-date=18 December 2008}}</ref> Other historical names for Goa are ''Sindapur'', ''Sandabur'', and ''Mahassapatam''.<ref name="sakname">{{cite book|last1=Sakshena|first1=R.N.|title=Goa: Into the Mainstream|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7kUE7TV3ZWEC&pg=PA5|isbn=9788170170051|date=June 2003|access-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021094358/https://books.google.com/books?id=7kUE7TV3ZWEC&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=21 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> | The origin of the city name ''Goa'' is unclear. In ancient [[literature]], Goa was known by many names, such as ''Gomanchala'', ''[[Gopakapattana]]'', ''Gopakapattam'', ''Gopakapuri'', ''Govapuri'', ''Govem'', and ''Gomantak''.<ref name="nic1">{{cite web|url=http://www.india.gov.in/knowindia/st_goa.php |title=Goa |publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]](NIC) |access-date=4 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218193633/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_goa.php |archive-date=18 December 2008}}</ref> Other historical names for Goa are ''Sindapur'', ''Sandabur'', and ''Mahassapatam''.<ref name="sakname">{{cite book|last1=Sakshena|first1=R.N.|title=Goa: Into the Mainstream|page=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7kUE7TV3ZWEC&pg=PA5|isbn=9788170170051|date=June 2003|access-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021094358/https://books.google.com/books?id=7kUE7TV3ZWEC&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=21 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
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===Prehistory=== | ===Prehistory=== | ||
[[File:Usgalimal.PNG|left|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Usgalimal rock engravings]]]] | [[File:Usgalimal.PNG|left|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Usgalimal rock engravings]]]] | ||
Rock art engravings found in Goa are the earliest known traces of human life in India.<ref>{{cite book|title=Purātattva, Issue 36 | Rock art engravings found in Goa are one of the earliest known traces of human life in India.<ref>{{cite book|title=Purātattva, Issue 36|publisher=Indian Archaeological Society|year=2006|pages=254}}</ref> Goa, situated within the Shimoga-Goa Greenstone Belt in the [[Western Ghats]] (an area composed of metavolcanics, iron formations and ferruginous quartzite), yields evidence for [[Acheulean]] occupation.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The evolution and history of human populations in South Asia : inter-disciplinary studies in archaeology, biological anthropology, linguistics and genetics|date=2007|publisher=Springer|others=Petraglia, M. D. (Michael D.), Allchin, Bridget.|isbn=9781402055621|location=Dordrecht, the Netherlands|pages=85|oclc=187951478}}</ref> [[Rock art]] engravings (petroglyphs) are present on laterite platforms and granite boulders in [[Usgalimal rock engravings|Usgalimal]] near the west flowing [[Kushavathi Reservoir|Kushavati river]] and in Kajur.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indian rock art and its global context|last=Chakravarty|first=Kalyan Kumar|date=1997|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|others=Bednarik, Robert G., Indirā Gāndhī Rāshṭrīya Mānava Saṅgrahālaya.|isbn=9788120814646|edition=1st|location=Delhi|pages=34|oclc=38936967}}</ref> In Kajur, the rock engravings of animals, tectiforms and other designs in granite have been associated with what is considered to be a megalithic stone circle with a round granite stone in the centre.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indian rock art and its global context|last=Chakravarty|first=Kalyan Kumar|date=1997|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|others=Bednarik, Robert G., Indirā Gāndhī Rāshṭrīya Mānava Saṅgrahālaya.|isbn=9788120814646|edition=1st|location=Delhi|pages=70|oclc=38936967}}</ref> [[Petroglyph]]s, cones, stone-axe, and choppers dating to 10,000 years ago have been found in various locations in Goa, including Kazur, Mauxim, and the [[Mandovi]]-[[Zuari]] basin.<ref name=axe>{{cite book|author1=C. R. Srinivasan |author2=K. V. Ramesh |author3=S. Subramonia Iyer |title=Śrī puṣpāñjali: Recent Researches in Prehistory, Protohistory, Art, Architecture, Numismatics, Iconography, and Epigraphy: Dr. C.R. Srinivasan commemoration volume, Volume 1|year=2004|publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan|isbn= 9788180900563|pages=469 pages (see page4)}}</ref> Evidence of [[Paleolithic|Palaeolithic]] life is visible at Dabolim, Adkon, Shigao, Fatorpa, Arli, Maulinguinim, Diwar, Sanguem, Pilerne, and Aquem-Margaon. Difficulty in carbon dating the laterite rock compounds poses a problem for determining the exact time period.<ref name=NIO>{{cite web|last=Sakhardande|first=Prajal|title=7th National Conference on Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries: Session V|url=http://www.nio.org/index.php?option=com_eventdisplay&task=view&tid=4&eid=32|work=Heritage and history of Goa|publisher=NIO Goa|access-date=30 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724025433/http://www.nio.org/index.php?option=com_eventdisplay&task=view&tid=4&eid=32|archive-date=24 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
Early Goan society underwent radical change when [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] and [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] migrants amalgamated with the aboriginal locals, forming the base of early Goan culture.<ref name=dhume2>{{cite book|last=Dhume|first=Anant Ramkrishna|title=The cultural history of Goa from 10000 BC – 1352 AD|year=1986|publisher=Ramesh Anant S. Dhume|pages=355 pages (see pages 100–150)}}</ref> | Early Goan society underwent radical change when [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] and [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] migrants amalgamated with the aboriginal locals, forming the base of early Goan culture.<ref name=dhume2>{{cite book|last=Dhume|first=Anant Ramkrishna|title=The cultural history of Goa from 10000 BC – 1352 AD|year=1986|publisher=Ramesh Anant S. Dhume|pages=355 pages (see pages 100–150)}}</ref> | ||
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From the latter decades of the eighteenth century, the territory of Goa was composed of two segments: the central nucleus of the Velhas Conquistas (Old Conquests) - Bardez, Ilhas de Tiswadi, and Salsete, which territories had been under Portuguese administration since the sixteenth century; and the Novas Conquistas (New Conquests) - Bicholim, Canacona, Pernem, Quepem, Sattari, Sanguem - territories which had been successively added through the eighteenth century. | From the latter decades of the eighteenth century, the territory of Goa was composed of two segments: the central nucleus of the Velhas Conquistas (Old Conquests) - Bardez, Ilhas de Tiswadi, and Salsete, which territories had been under Portuguese administration since the sixteenth century; and the Novas Conquistas (New Conquests) - Bicholim, Canacona, Pernem, Quepem, Sattari, Sanguem - territories which had been successively added through the eighteenth century. | ||
In 1843, the Portuguese moved the capital to the ''Cidade da Nova Goa'', today known as [[ | In 1843, the Portuguese moved the capital to the ''Cidade da Nova Goa'', today known as [[Panaji]], from Velha Goa. By the mid-18th century, Portuguese expansions lost other possessions in India until their borders stabilised and formed the Goa, Daman and Diu which included [[Silvassa]] prior to the Annexation, it was known as ''Estado da Indìa'' in [[Indo-Portuguese]], that is the "State of Portuguese India". | ||
===Contemporary period=== | ===Contemporary period=== | ||
{{See also|Annexation of Goa|1967 Goa status referendum}} | {{See also|Annexation of Goa|1967 Goa status referendum}} | ||
After [[Indian independence movement|India gained independence]] from [[British Raj|British rule]] in 1947, India requested that Portuguese territories on the Indian subcontinent be ceded to India. Portugal refused to negotiate on the sovereignty of its Indian enclaves. On 19 December 1961, the Indian Army invaded with [[1961 Indian annexation of Goa|Operation Vijay]] resulting in the [[annexation of Goa]], and of [[Daman and Diu]] islands into the Indian union. [[Goa, Daman and Diu|Goa, along with Daman and Diu]], was organised as a centrally administered [[union territory]] of India.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |title=The day India freed Goa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42390008 |access-date=1 September 2019 |date=19 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910190732/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42390008 |archive-date=10 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 16 January 1967 a [[referendum]] was held in Goa, to decide the future of the [[Union Territory]] of [[Goa, Daman and Diu]]. It was the only referendum to have been held in independent India. The referendum offered the people of Goa a choice between continuing as a [[union territory]] or merging with the state of [[Maharashtra]] and the majority chose the former.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/what-is-goas-opinion-poll-day-asmitai-dis-5543720/ |title=What is Goa's 'Opinion Poll Day'? |newspaper=Indian Express|access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="tgf_Valmiki_Wams">{{cite web|url=http://www.colaco.net/1/ValmikiMonumentalShame.htm|title=What a Monumental Shame !|last=Faleiro|first=Valmiki|publisher=The Goan Forum|access-date=16 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303095040/http://www.colaco.net/1/ValmikiMonumentalShame.htm|archive-date=3 March 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="goanews_opinion">{{cite web|url=http://www.goanews.com/opinion.htm |title= | After [[Indian independence movement|India gained independence]] from [[British Raj|British rule]] in 1947, India requested that Portuguese territories on the Indian subcontinent be ceded to India. Portugal refused to negotiate on the sovereignty of its Indian enclaves. On 19 December 1961, the Indian Army invaded with [[1961 Indian annexation of Goa|Operation Vijay]] resulting in the [[annexation of Goa]], and of [[Daman and Diu]] islands into the Indian union. [[Goa, Daman and Diu|Goa, along with Daman and Diu]], was organised as a centrally administered [[union territory]] of India.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |title=The day India freed Goa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42390008 |access-date=1 September 2019 |date=19 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910190732/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42390008 |archive-date=10 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 16 January 1967 a [[referendum]] was held in Goa, to decide the future of the [[Union Territory]] of [[Goa, Daman and Diu]]. It was the only referendum to have been held in independent India. The referendum offered the people of Goa a choice between continuing as a [[union territory]] or merging with the state of [[Maharashtra]] and the majority chose the former.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/what-is-goas-opinion-poll-day-asmitai-dis-5543720/ |title=What is Goa's 'Opinion Poll Day'? |newspaper=Indian Express|access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="tgf_Valmiki_Wams">{{cite web|url=http://www.colaco.net/1/ValmikiMonumentalShame.htm|title=What a Monumental Shame !|last=Faleiro|first=Valmiki|publisher=The Goan Forum|access-date=16 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303095040/http://www.colaco.net/1/ValmikiMonumentalShame.htm|archive-date=3 March 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="goanews_opinion">{{cite web|url=http://www.goanews.com/opinion.htm |title=The Historic Opinion Poll |last=Prabhudesai |first=Sandesh |pages=1 |access-date=12 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720140727/http://www.goanews.com/opinion.htm |archive-date=20 July 2008 }}</ref> On 30 May 1987, the union territory was split, and Goa was made India's twenty-fifth state, with Daman and Diu remaining a union territory.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=peOqBgAAQBAJ&q=Goa+was+made+India's+twenty-fifth+state&pg=PA454|title=Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures - Continental Europe and its Empires|last=Poddar|first=Prem|date=2 July 2008|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=9780748630271|language=en}}</ref> | ||
== Geography and climate == | == Geography and climate == | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The Goa, Daman, and Diu Official Language Act, 1987 makes [[Konkani language|Konkani]] in the [[Devanagari]] script the sole official language of Goa, but provides that [[Marathi language|Marathi]] may also be used "for all or any of the official purposes". [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] was the sole official language during [[Portuguese India|Portuguese colonial rule]]. The government also has a policy of replying in Marathi to correspondence received in Marathi.<ref>{{cite web | | The Goa, Daman, and Diu Official Language Act, 1987 makes [[Konkani language|Konkani]] in the [[Devanagari]] script the sole official language of Goa, but provides that [[Marathi language|Marathi]] may also be used "for all or any of the official purposes". [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] was the sole official language during [[Portuguese India|Portuguese colonial rule]]. The government also has a policy of replying in Marathi to correspondence received in Marathi.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Commissioner o fLinguistic Minorities |title=42nd report: July 2003 – June 2004 |page=para 11.3 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |access-date =6 June 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071008113359/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |archive-date = 8 October 2007}}</ref> There have been demands for according [[Konkani in the Roman script]] official status in the state. There is widespread support for keeping Konkani as the sole official language of Goa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.com/story.php?story=2008083147|title=Solving the Language Imbroglio|work=[[Navhind Times]]|access-date=15 October 2008|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65CYoDDnd?url=http://www.navhindtimes.com/story.php?story=2008083147#|archive-date=4 February 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The entire liturgy and communication of the [[Catholic church]] in Goa is done solely in [[Konkani in the Roman script]]. | ||
Konkani is spoken as a first language by about 66.11% of the people in the state, but almost all Goans can speak and understand Konkani. A large population of people can speak and understand English as well. Other linguistic groups in the state per the 2011 census are speakers of [[Marathi language|Marathi]] (10.89%), [[Hindi]] (10.29%), [[Kannada language|Kannada]] (5.66%), [[Urdu]] (2.83%) and [[Portuguese language]] (1%).<ref name="demographics">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement3.htm|title=Census of India – DISTRIBUTION OF 10,000 PERSONS BY LANGUAGE|work=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=17 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011050151/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement3.htm#|archive-date=11 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> | Konkani is spoken as a first language by about 66.11% of the people in the state, but almost all Goans can speak and understand Konkani. A large population of people can speak and understand English as well. Other linguistic groups in the state per the 2011 census are speakers of [[Marathi language|Marathi]] (10.89%), [[Hindi]] (10.29%), [[Kannada language|Kannada]] (5.66%), [[Urdu]] (2.83%) and [[Portuguese language]] (1%).<ref name="demographics">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement3.htm|title=Census of India – DISTRIBUTION OF 10,000 PERSONS BY LANGUAGE|work=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=17 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011050151/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement3.htm#|archive-date=11 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
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{{pie chart | {{pie chart | ||
| thumb = right| | | thumb = right| | ||
| caption = Religion in Goa (2011)<ref name="THReligion" | | caption = Religion in Goa (2011)<ref name="THReligion" /> | ||
| label1 = [[Hinduism]] | | label1 = [[Hinduism]] | ||
| color1 = Orange | | color1 = Orange | ||
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[[File:Our-Lady-of-ImmaculateConception,Goa.JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|[[Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church, Goa|Our Lady of Immaculate Conception]] Church in [[Panaji]]]] | [[File:Our-Lady-of-ImmaculateConception,Goa.JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|[[Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church, Goa|Our Lady of Immaculate Conception]] Church in [[Panaji]]]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+Tourist Arrivals<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goatourism.gov.in/statistics/225|title=Department of Tourism, Government of Goa, India - Tourist Arrivals (Year Wise) | |+Tourist Arrivals<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goatourism.gov.in/statistics/225|title=Department of Tourism, Government of Goa, India - Tourist Arrivals (Year Wise)|website=goatourism.gov.in|access-date=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210213317/http://goatourism.gov.in/statistics/225|archive-date=10 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
!Year | !Year | ||
!Total Arrivals | !Total Arrivals | ||
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Having been a [[Portuguese India|Portuguese territory]] for over 450 years, Goan culture is an amalgamation of both [[Eastern culture|Eastern]] and [[Western culture|Western]] styles, with the latter having a more dominant role. The tableau of Goa showcases religious harmony by focusing on the Deepastambha, the Cross, and Ghode Modni followed by a chariot. Western royal attire of kings is as much part of Goa's cultural heritage as are regional dances performed depicting a unique blend of different religions and cultures of this State. Prominent local festivals are [[Christmas]], [[Easter]], [[Carnival]], [[Diwali]], [[Shigmo]], [[Ganesh Chaturthi|Chavoth]], [[Gudi Padwa|Samvatsar Padvo]], [[Navratri|Dasara]] etc. The Goan Carnival and Christmas-new year celebrations attract many tourists. | Having been a [[Portuguese India|Portuguese territory]] for over 450 years, Goan culture is an amalgamation of both [[Eastern culture|Eastern]] and [[Western culture|Western]] styles, with the latter having a more dominant role. The tableau of Goa showcases religious harmony by focusing on the Deepastambha, the Cross, and Ghode Modni followed by a chariot. Western royal attire of kings is as much part of Goa's cultural heritage as are regional dances performed depicting a unique blend of different religions and cultures of this State. Prominent local festivals are [[Christmas]], [[Easter]], [[Carnival]], [[Diwali]], [[Shigmo]], [[Ganesh Chaturthi|Chavoth]], [[Gudi Padwa|Samvatsar Padvo]], [[Navratri|Dasara]] etc. The Goan Carnival and Christmas-new year celebrations attract many tourists. | ||
The [[Gomant Vibhushan Award]], the highest civilian honour of the State of Goa, is given annually by [[Government of Goa]] since 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title = R A Mashelkar conferred Gomant Vibhushan award |url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/R-A-Mashelkar-conferred-Gomant-Vibhushan-award/articleshow/20358039.cms |date = 31 May 2013 |access-date = 16 August 2014 |work = The Times of India |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151002163259/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/R-A-Mashelkar-conferred-Gomant-Vibhushan-award/articleshow/20358039.cms# |archive-date = 2 October 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="TimesofIndia">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-19/goa/30533988_1_charles-correa-goa-chief-minister-digambar-kamat |title=Goa's highest civilian award to Charles Correa |date=19 December 2011 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> | The [[Gomant Vibhushan Award]], the highest civilian honour of the State of Goa, is given annually by [[Government of Goa]] since 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title = R A Mashelkar conferred Gomant Vibhushan award |url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/R-A-Mashelkar-conferred-Gomant-Vibhushan-award/articleshow/20358039.cms |date = 31 May 2013 |access-date = 16 August 2014 |work = The Times of India |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151002163259/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/R-A-Mashelkar-conferred-Gomant-Vibhushan-award/articleshow/20358039.cms# |archive-date = 2 October 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="TimesofIndia">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-19/goa/30533988_1_charles-correa-goa-chief-minister-digambar-kamat |title=Goa's highest civilian award to Charles Correa |date=19 December 2011 |work=The Times of India |access-date=16 August 2014 |archive-date=1 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701155312/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-19/goa/30533988_1_charles-correa-goa-chief-minister-digambar-kamat |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
=== Dance and music === | === Dance and music === | ||
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The first full-length Konkani film was ''[[Mogacho Anvddo]]'', released on 24 April 1950, and was produced and directed by A. L.Jerry Braganza, a native of [[Mapusa]], under the banner of ETICA Pictures.<ref>[http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=59256&n_tit=Panaji%3A+Konkani+Cinema+-+A+Long+Way+to+Go Panaji Konkani Cinema – A Long Way to Go] {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AC5jFC0P?url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=59256# |date=26 August 2012 }}. Daijiworld.com. Retrieved 28 July 2013.</ref><ref>[https://groups.yahoo.com/group/gulf-goans/message/31478 Yahoo! Groups]. Yahoo!. Retrieved 28 July 2013.</ref> Hence, 24 April is celebrated as Konkani Film Day.<ref>[http://www.navhindtimes.in/panorama/konkani-cinema-day-some-reflections Konkani Cinema Day – Some Reflections] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610122109/http://www.navhindtimes.in/panorama/konkani-cinema-day-some-reflections |date=10 June 2012 }}. Navhindtimes.in (23 April 2011). Retrieved 28 July 2013</ref> | The first full-length Konkani film was ''[[Mogacho Anvddo]]'', released on 24 April 1950, and was produced and directed by A. L.Jerry Braganza, a native of [[Mapusa]], under the banner of ETICA Pictures.<ref>[http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=59256&n_tit=Panaji%3A+Konkani+Cinema+-+A+Long+Way+to+Go Panaji Konkani Cinema – A Long Way to Go] {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AC5jFC0P?url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=59256# |date=26 August 2012 }}. Daijiworld.com. Retrieved 28 July 2013.</ref><ref>[https://groups.yahoo.com/group/gulf-goans/message/31478 Yahoo! Groups]. Yahoo!. Retrieved 28 July 2013.</ref> Hence, 24 April is celebrated as Konkani Film Day.<ref>[http://www.navhindtimes.in/panorama/konkani-cinema-day-some-reflections Konkani Cinema Day – Some Reflections] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610122109/http://www.navhindtimes.in/panorama/konkani-cinema-day-some-reflections |date=10 June 2012 }}. Navhindtimes.in (23 April 2011). Retrieved 28 July 2013</ref> | ||
Since 2004, starting from the 35th edition, the [[International Film Festival of India]] moved its permanent venue to Goa, it is annually held in the months of November and December.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/goa-becomes-permanent-venue-for-iffi-114091800110_1.html|title=Goa becomes permanent venue for IFFI| | Since 2004, starting from the 35th edition, the [[International Film Festival of India]] moved its permanent venue to Goa, it is annually held in the months of November and December.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/goa-becomes-permanent-venue-for-iffi-114091800110_1.html|title=Goa becomes permanent venue for IFFI|agency=ANI|date=18 September 2014|work=Business Standard India|access-date=6 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206190317/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/goa-becomes-permanent-venue-for-iffi-114091800110_1.html#|archive-date=6 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
Konkani film [[The Man Beyond the Bridge|Paltadcho manis]] has been included in the world's best films of 2009 list.<ref>[http://dearcinema.com/news/man-beyond-bridge-release-canada Dearcinema.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223110252/http://dearcinema.com/news/man-beyond-bridge-release-canada |date=23 February 2014 }}</ref> | Konkani film [[The Man Beyond the Bridge|Paltadcho manis]] has been included in the world's best films of 2009 list.<ref>[http://dearcinema.com/news/man-beyond-bridge-release-canada Dearcinema.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223110252/http://dearcinema.com/news/man-beyond-bridge-release-canada |date=23 February 2014 }}</ref> | ||
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Normally other states are fond of cricket but [[association football]] is the most popular sport in Goa and is embedded in Goan culture as a result of the Portuguese influence.<ref name="Mills">{{cite journal |doi= 10.1080/714004840 |last= Mills |first= James|s2cid= 143324581 |date=Summer 2001 |title=Football in Goa: Sport, Politics and the Portuguese in India |journal=Soccer & Society |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=75–88 }}</ref> Its origins in the state are traced back to 1883 when the visiting Irish priest Fr. William Robert Lyons established the sport as part of a "Christian education".<ref name="Mills" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goa-fa.com/node/45 |title= Goan football has little cause to look back|access-date=19 July 2007 |publisher = Goa Football Association |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928191006/http://www.goa-fa.com/node/45 |archive-date = 28 September 2007}}</ref> On 22 December 1959 the ''Associação de Futebol de Goa'' was formed, which continues to administer the game in the state under the new name [[Goa Football Association]].<ref name="Mills" /> Goa, along with [[West Bengal]] and [[Kerala]]<ref name="Mills" /> is the locus of football in India and is home to many football clubs in the national [[I-League]]. The state's football powerhouses include [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]], [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]], [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]], [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]], [[Sporting Clube de Goa]] and [[FC Goa]]. The first [[Unity World Cup]] was held in Goa in 2014. The state's main football stadium, [[Fatorda Stadium]], is located at [[Margao]] and also hosts cricket matches.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://content-www.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58301.html |title=Nehru stadium |access-date=19 July 2007 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221025415/http://content-www.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58301.html# |archive-date=21 February 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> The state hosted few matches of the [[2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup]] in Fatorda Stadium.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football-fifa-u17-world-cup/fifa-u-17-world-cup-goa-stadium-handed-over-to-fifa-4859596/|title=FIFA U-17 World Cup: Goa stadium handed over to FIFA|date=25 September 2017|work=The Indian Express|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321192703/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football-fifa-u17-world-cup/fifa-u-17-world-cup-goa-stadium-handed-over-to-fifa-4859596/#|archive-date=21 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | Normally other states are fond of cricket but [[association football]] is the most popular sport in Goa and is embedded in Goan culture as a result of the Portuguese influence.<ref name="Mills">{{cite journal |doi= 10.1080/714004840 |last= Mills |first= James|s2cid= 143324581 |date=Summer 2001 |title=Football in Goa: Sport, Politics and the Portuguese in India |journal=Soccer & Society |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=75–88 }}</ref> Its origins in the state are traced back to 1883 when the visiting Irish priest Fr. William Robert Lyons established the sport as part of a "Christian education".<ref name="Mills" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goa-fa.com/node/45 |title= Goan football has little cause to look back|access-date=19 July 2007 |publisher = Goa Football Association |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928191006/http://www.goa-fa.com/node/45 |archive-date = 28 September 2007}}</ref> On 22 December 1959 the ''Associação de Futebol de Goa'' was formed, which continues to administer the game in the state under the new name [[Goa Football Association]].<ref name="Mills" /> Goa, along with [[West Bengal]] and [[Kerala]]<ref name="Mills" /> is the locus of football in India and is home to many football clubs in the national [[I-League]]. The state's football powerhouses include [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]], [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]], [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]], [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]], [[Sporting Clube de Goa]] and [[FC Goa]]. The first [[Unity World Cup]] was held in Goa in 2014. The state's main football stadium, [[Fatorda Stadium]], is located at [[Margao]] and also hosts cricket matches.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://content-www.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58301.html |title=Nehru stadium |access-date=19 July 2007 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221025415/http://content-www.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58301.html# |archive-date=21 February 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> The state hosted few matches of the [[2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup]] in Fatorda Stadium.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football-fifa-u17-world-cup/fifa-u-17-world-cup-goa-stadium-handed-over-to-fifa-4859596/|title=FIFA U-17 World Cup: Goa stadium handed over to FIFA|date=25 September 2017|work=The Indian Express|access-date=21 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321192703/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football-fifa-u17-world-cup/fifa-u-17-world-cup-goa-stadium-handed-over-to-fifa-4859596/#|archive-date=21 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
A number of Goans have represented India in football and six of them, namely [[Samir Subash Naik|Samir Naik]], [[Climax Lawrence]], [[Brahmanand Sankhwalkar]], [[Bruno Coutinho]], [[Mauricio Afonso]] and Roberto Fernandes have all captained the national team. Goa has its own [[Goa football team|state football team]] and league, the [[Goa Professional League]]. It is probably the only state in India where cricket is not considered the most important of all sports. Goan's are avid football fans, particularly of the football teams from Portugal (Benfica, Sporting), and Brazil especially during major football events such as the 'European Cup' and the 'World Cup' championships. The Portuguese footballer | A number of Goans have represented India in football and six of them, namely [[Samir Subash Naik|Samir Naik]], [[Climax Lawrence]], [[Brahmanand Sankhwalkar]], [[Bruno Coutinho]], [[Mauricio Afonso]] and Roberto Fernandes have all captained the national team. Goa has its own [[Goa football team|state football team]] and league, the [[Goa Professional League]]. It is probably the only state in India where cricket is not considered the most important of all sports. Goan's are avid football fans, particularly of the football teams from Portugal (Benfica, Sporting), and Brazil especially during major football events such as the 'European Cup' and the 'World Cup' championships. The Portuguese footballer [[Ronaldo (Portuguese footballer)|Ronaldo]] and Brazilian [[Neymar]], are revered superstar football players in Goa.{{Citation-needed|date=February 2022}} | ||
Goa also has its own [[Goa cricket team|cricket team]]. [[Dilip Sardesai]] remains the only Goan to date to play international cricket for [[Indian cricket team|India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg15601.html |title=[Goanet] Goa Govt. institutes award in memory of Dilip Sardesai |publisher=Mail-archive.com |date=8 August 2007 |access-date=18 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513065907/http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg15601.html# |archive-date=13 May 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> | Goa also has its own [[Goa cricket team|cricket team]]. [[Dilip Sardesai]] remains the only Goan to date to play international cricket for [[Indian cricket team|India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg15601.html |title=[Goanet] Goa Govt. institutes award in memory of Dilip Sardesai |publisher=Mail-archive.com |date=8 August 2007 |access-date=18 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513065907/http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg15601.html# |archive-date=13 May 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Another Goan cricketer, [[Suyash Prabhudessai]] was selected by the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] for a base price of {{INR|20 lakh}} in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] 2021 and for {{INR|30 lakh}} in IPL 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPLT20.com|url=https://www.iplt20.com/video/247299/shardul-thakur-s-impactful-3-38?tagNames=ipl-magic,indian-premier-league,ipl-magic |access-date=4 May 2022 |website=www.iplt20.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Paresh |last=Mokani |date=19 February 2021 |title=RCB pick up Suyash for 20 lakh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/rcb-pick-up-suyash-for-20-lakh/articleshow/81099932.cms |access-date=4 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> | ||
India (Goa) is a member of the 'Lusophony Olympic Games' which are hosted every four years in one of the Portuguese CPLP member countries, with 733 athletes from 11 countries. Most of the countries competing are countries that are members of the CPLP (Community of Portuguese Language Countries), but some are countries with significant Portuguese communities or have a history with Portugal. This event is similar in concept to the Commonwealth Games (for members of the Commonwealth of Nations) and the Jeux de la Francophonie (for the Francophone community). | India (Goa) is a member of the 'Lusophony Olympic Games' which are hosted every four years in one of the Portuguese CPLP member countries, with 733 athletes from 11 countries. Most of the countries competing are countries that are members of the CPLP (Community of Portuguese Language Countries), but some are countries with significant Portuguese communities or have a history with Portugal. This event is similar in concept to the Commonwealth Games (for members of the Commonwealth of Nations) and the Jeux de la Francophonie (for the Francophone community). | ||
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Medical education began in 1801 with the offering of regular medical courses at the Royal and Military Hospital in the old City of Goa. Built-in 1842 as the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica de (Nova) Goa (Medical-Surgical School of Goa), [[Goa Medical College]] is one of Asia's oldest medical colleges and has one of the oldest medical libraries (since 1845).<ref>{{Cite web|title = MEDICAL EDUCATION CELL-GMC- BAMBOLIM GOA.|url = http://www.gmcmec.gov.in/|website = gmcmec.gov.in|access-date = 1 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160109164022/http://gmcmec.gov.in/#|archive-date = 9 January 2016|url-status = live}}</ref> It houses the largest hospital in Goa and continues to provide medical training to this day. | Medical education began in 1801 with the offering of regular medical courses at the Royal and Military Hospital in the old City of Goa. Built-in 1842 as the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica de (Nova) Goa (Medical-Surgical School of Goa), [[Goa Medical College]] is one of Asia's oldest medical colleges and has one of the oldest medical libraries (since 1845).<ref>{{Cite web|title = MEDICAL EDUCATION CELL-GMC- BAMBOLIM GOA.|url = http://www.gmcmec.gov.in/|website = gmcmec.gov.in|access-date = 1 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160109164022/http://gmcmec.gov.in/#|archive-date = 9 January 2016|url-status = live}}</ref> It houses the largest hospital in Goa and continues to provide medical training to this day. | ||
According to the 2011 census, Goa has a [[literacy rate]] of 87%, with 90% of males and 84% of females being literate.<ref name="LitRate">{{cite web |url=http://educationforallinindia.com/page157.html |title=District-specific Literates and Literacy Rates, 2001 |access-date=18 July 2007 |publisher=Education for all in India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709081028/http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page157.html# |archive-date=9 July 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> Each taluka is made up of villages, each having a school run by the government. Private schools are preferred over government-run schools. All schools come under the [[Goa Board of Secondary & Higher Secondary Education]], whose syllabus is prescribed by the state education department. There are also a few schools that subscribe to the all-India [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] syllabus or the [[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] syllabus. Most students in Goa complete their high school with English as the medium of instruction. Most primary schools, however, use Konkani and Marathi (in private, but government-aided schools). As is the case in most of India, enrolment for vernacular media has seen a fall in numbers in favor of English medium education. Per a report published in ''[[The Times of India]]'', 84% of Goan primary schools run without an administrative head.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/84-Goa-schools-without-heads/articleshow/4363801.cms |title=No Administrative head |access-date=6 April 2009 |work=The Times of India |first1=Gauree |last1=Malkarnekar |date=6 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902072435/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/84-Goa-schools-without-heads/articleshow/4363801.cms# |archive-date=2 September 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> | According to the 2011 census, Goa has a [[literacy rate]] of 87%, with 90% of males and 84% of females being literate.<ref name="LitRate">{{cite web |url=http://educationforallinindia.com/page157.html |title=District-specific Literates and Literacy Rates, 2001 |access-date=18 July 2007 |publisher=Education for all in India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709081028/http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page157.html# |archive-date=9 July 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> Each taluka is made up of villages, each having a school run by the government. Private schools are preferred over government-run schools. All schools come under the [[Goa Board of Secondary & Higher Secondary Education]], whose syllabus is prescribed by the state education department. There are also a few schools that subscribe to the all-India [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] syllabus or the [[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] syllabus. Most students in Goa complete their high school with English as the medium of instruction. Most primary schools, however, use Konkani and Marathi (in private, but government-aided schools). As is the case in most of India, enrolment for vernacular media has seen a fall in numbers in favor of English medium education. Per a report published in ''[[The Times of India]]'', 84% of Goan primary schools were run without an administrative head.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/84-Goa-schools-without-heads/articleshow/4363801.cms |title=No Administrative head |access-date=6 April 2009 |work=The Times of India |first1=Gauree |last1=Malkarnekar |date=6 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902072435/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/84-Goa-schools-without-heads/articleshow/4363801.cms# |archive-date=2 September 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
Some notable schools in Goa include [[Sharada Mandir]] School in [[Miramar, Panaji|Miramar]], [[Loyola High School (Goa)|Loyola High School]] in Margao and [[The King's School, Goa|The King's School]] in [[São José de Areal]]. After ten years of schooling, students join a Higher Secondary school, which offers courses in popular streams such as [[Science]], [[Liberal Arts|Arts]], [[Law]], and [[Commerce]]. A student may also opt for a course in vocational studies. Additionally, they may join three-year [[diploma]] courses. Two years of college is followed by a [[professional degree]] programme. [[Goa University]], the sole [[university]] in Goa, is located in [[Taleigão]] and most Goan colleges are affiliated with it. | Some notable schools in Goa include [[Sharada Mandir]] School in [[Miramar, Panaji|Miramar]], [[Loyola High School (Goa)|Loyola High School]] in Margao and [[The King's School, Goa|The King's School]] in [[São José de Areal]]. After ten years of schooling, students join a Higher Secondary school, which offers courses in popular streams such as [[Science]], [[Liberal Arts|Arts]], [[Law]], and [[Commerce]]. A student may also opt for a course in vocational studies. Additionally, they may join three-year [[diploma]] courses. Two years of college is followed by a [[professional degree]] programme. [[Goa University]], the sole [[university]] in Goa, is located in [[Taleigão]] and most Goan colleges are affiliated with it. | ||
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== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Portuguese Civil Code of Goa and Damaon]] | * [[Portuguese Civil Code of Goa and Damaon]] | ||
*[[Goa, | * [[Goa, Daman and Diu]] | ||
* [[Konkan]] | * [[Konkan]] | ||
* [[Outline of Goa]] | * [[Outline of Goa]] | ||