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'''Gopal Hari Deshmukh''' (18 February 1823 – 9 October 1892) was an Indian activist, [[intellectual|thinker]], [[social reformer]] and writer from [[Maharashtra]]. His original surname was Shidhaye. Because of [[Vatandar|'Vatan']] (right of Tax collection) that the family had received, the family was later called [[Deshmukh]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC|publisher=Aakar Books|year=1893|page=150|isbn = 9788187879541}}</ref> | '''Gopal Hari Deshmukh''' (18 February 1823 – 9 October 1892) was an Indian activist, [[intellectual|thinker]], [[social reformer]] and writer from [[Maharashtra]]. His original surname was Shidhaye. Because of [[Vatandar|'Vatan']] (right of Tax collection) that the family had received, the family was later called [[Deshmukh]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC|publisher=Aakar Books|year=1893|page=150|isbn = 9788187879541}}</ref> | ||
Deshmukh is regarded as an important figure of the Social Reform Movement in [[Maharashtra]]. | Deshmukh is regarded as an important figure of the Social Reform Movement in [[Maharashtra]]. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Gopal Hari Deshmukh was born into a [[Chitpawan]] family, a subcaste of [[Maharashtrian Brahmin]]s | Gopal Hari Deshmukh was born into a [[Chitpawan]] family, a subcaste of [[Maharashtrian Brahmin]]s, in 1823. His father was the treasurer of [[Bapu Gokhale]], the general of [[Bajirao II]] during the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]]. Deshmukh studied at the Poona English Medium School.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pI19BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA17|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1977|page=17|author=Bal Ram Nanda|isbn = 9781400870493|quote=His[Deshmukh's] family of Chitpawan Brahmans, one of the greatest beneficiaries of the Peshwa regime...}}</ref> | ||
==Career== | ==Career== | ||
Deshmukh started his career as a translator for the government then under [[British Raj]]. In 1867, the government appointed him a small cause judge in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]. He worked as a Diwan also in Ratlam state. The government had commended him with the honorifics 'Justice of Peace' and 'Raobahadur' while he was still working. He retired as a sessions judge. He held many other important positions, including those of the Assistant Inam Commissioner, Joint Judge of Nasik High Court, and Member of the Law Council.<ref>{{cite book|title=Language Politics, Elites, and the Public Sphere|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ATq1nRGNF0QC|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2001|pages=83–84|isbn = 9788178240145}}</ref> | Deshmukh started his career as a translator for the government then under [[British Raj]]. In 1867, the government appointed him a small cause judge in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]. He worked as a Diwan also in Ratlam state. The government had commended him with the honorifics 'Justice of Peace' and 'Raobahadur' while he was still working. He retired as a sessions judge. He held many other important positions, including those of the Assistant Inam Commissioner, Joint Judge of Nasik High Court, and Member of the Law Council.<ref>{{cite book|title=Language Politics, Elites, and the Public Sphere|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ATq1nRGNF0QC|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2001|pages=83–84|isbn = 9788178240145}}</ref> | ||
==Social activism== | ==Social activism== | ||
===Social work in Maharashtra=== | ===Social work in Maharashtra=== | ||
At age 25, Deshmukh started writing articles aimed at social reform in Maharashtra in the weekly ''Prabhakar'' (प्रभाकर) under the pen name ''Lokhitawadi'' (लोकहितवादी). In the first two years, he penned 108 articles on social reform. That group of articles has come to be known in Marathi literature as ''Lokhitawadinchi Shatapatre'' (लोकहितवादींची शतपत्रे). | At age 25, Deshmukh started writing articles aimed at social reform in Maharashtra in the weekly ''Prabhakar'' (प्रभाकर) under the pen name ''Lokhitawadi'' (लोकहितवादी). In the first two years, he penned 108 articles on social reform. That group of articles has come to be known in Marathi literature as ''Lokhitawadinchi Shatapatre'' (लोकहितवादींची शतपत्रे). | ||
He promoted emancipation (liberation) and education of women, and wrote against arranged [[child marriage]]s, [[dowry]] system, and [[polygamy]], all of which were prevalent in India in his times. | He promoted emancipation (liberation) and education of women, and wrote against arranged [[child marriage]]s, [[dowry]] system, and [[polygamy]], all of which were prevalent in India in his times. | ||
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Lokahitwadi Gopal Hari Deshmukh Trust is now carrying forward his legacy by promoting and assisting social causes such as education of poor children by means of Scholarships, cleanlinesses drives, working with PMC and Police authorities to make roads safer and other social causes. | Lokahitwadi Gopal Hari Deshmukh Trust is now carrying forward his legacy by promoting and assisting social causes such as education of poor children by means of Scholarships, cleanlinesses drives, working with PMC and Police authorities to make roads safer and other social causes. | ||
===Social work in Gujarat=== | ===Social work in Gujarat=== | ||
While Deshmukh was serving as a judge in Ahmedabad, he organized in that city annual speech conferences on social issues under the sponsorship of Premabhai Institute, and also himself delivered speeches. He established in Ahmedabad a branch of [[Prarthana Samaj]], founded an institute promoting remarriages of widows, and invigorated Gujarat Vernacular Society. He started a weekly ''Hitechchhu'' (‘हितेच्छु) in both Gujarati and English. He also started " Gujarati Budhhi-Wardhak Sabha". | While Deshmukh was serving as a judge in Ahmedabad, he organized in that city annual speech conferences on social issues under the sponsorship of Premabhai Institute, and also himself delivered speeches. He established in Ahmedabad a branch of [[Prarthana Samaj]], founded an institute promoting remarriages of widows, and invigorated Gujarat Vernacular Society. He started a weekly ''Hitechchhu'' (‘हितेच्छु) in both Gujarati and English. He also started " Gujarati Budhhi-Wardhak Sabha". | ||
==Books== | ==Books== | ||
Deshmukh wrote 35 books on diverse topics, including religious, social, economic, political, historic, and literary matters. He wrote Panipat war, Kalyog, Jatibhed, Lankecha Itihas. He also translated some English works into Marathi. Many books are written on him & his work by famous writers. | Deshmukh wrote 35 books on diverse topics, including religious, social, economic, political, historic, and literary matters. He wrote Panipat war, Kalyog, Jatibhed, Lankecha Itihas. He also translated some English works into Marathi. Many books are written on him & his work by famous writers. | ||
His writing includes topics like 1) Panipat 2) History of Gujarat 3) History of Lanka. | His writing includes topics like 1) Panipat 2) History of Gujarat 3) History of Lanka. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{Indian Independence Movement}} | {{Indian Independence Movement}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshmukh, Gopal Hari}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Deshmukh, Gopal Hari}} | ||
[[Category:Marathi-language writers]] | [[Category:Marathi-language writers]] | ||