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[[File:Tamil Nadu Service Sector.JPG|thumb|Tamil Nadu Service Sector]]
[[File:Tamil Nadu Service Sector.JPG|thumb|Tamil Nadu Service Sector]]
==Macroeconomic trend==
This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of [[Tamil Nadu]] at market prices estimated in Indian rupees.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year || Gross state domestic product USD Rate Appreciated
|-
| 1960 || {{INRConvert|1112|c}}
|-
| 1970 || {{INRConvert|2371|c}}
|-
| 1980 || {{INRConvert|8081|c}}
|-
| 1990 || {{INRConvert|31339|c}}
|-
| 2000 || {{INRConvert|146796|c}}
|-
| 2010 || {{INRConvert|584896|c}}
|-
| 2020 || ₹20.54 lakh crore (US$290 billion)
|}
==Agriculture and livestock==
[[File:Nagercoil paddy fields.jpg|thumb|200px|Paddy fields in [[Kanyakumari District]]]]
Tamil Nadu has historically been an agricultural state, while its advances in other fields transformed the state into being an industrialized and innovation based economy, leading to competition for land and its resources. Agriculture is heavily dependent on the river water and monsoon rains. The perennial rivers are Palar, Cheyyar, Ponnaiyar, [[Kaveri River|Kaveri]], Meyar, [[Bhavani river|Bhavani]], [[Amaravathi]], [[Vaigai]], Chittar and [[Tamaraparani]]. Non-perennial rivers include the Vellar, [[Noyyal river|Noyyal]], Suruli, Siruvani, Gundar, Vaipar, Valparai and Varshali. Tamil Nadu is the highest producer of bananas and coconuts in the whole country. It is also a leading state in production of other crops such as sugarcane, cotton, kambu, [[corn]], [[rye]], [[Peanut|groundnut]] and oil seeds. At present, Tamil Nadu is India's 4th largest producer of rice behind West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizvibe.com/blog/top-10-largest-rice-producing-states-india-2018/|title=Top 10 Largest Rice Producing States in India 2018 – Bizvibe Blog|website=www.bizvibe.com|access-date=24 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="policy-notes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/agriculture.htmTN|title=Government Policy Notes}}</ref> Tamil Nadu is the home to [[M. S. Swaminathan|Dr. M. S. Swaminathan]], known as the "father of the [[Green Revolution]]" in India.<ref name="MSS">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mssrf.org/index.htm|title=M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation}}</ref> The state is one of the major producers of turmeric in India.
Given below is a table of 2015–16 national output share of select agricultural crops and allied segments in Tamil Nadu based on 2011 prices<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Final1Brochure_30july2018.pdf|title=2015 agricultural output of Tamil Nadu based on 2011 prices}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Segment || National Share %
|-
| Drumstick || 98.0
|-
| Tapioca || 44.4
|-
| Floriculture || 16.5
|-
| Gooseberry || 18
|-
| Coconut || 29.1
|-
| Tamarind || 25.3
|-
| Meat || 7.5
|-
| Turmeric || 14.6
|-
| Banana || 19.4
|-
| Ragi || 17.8
|-
| Horsegram || 17.5
|-
| Sapota || 17.4
|-
| Urd || 14.7
|-
| Groundnut || 14.2
|-
| Cucumber || 12.6
|-
| Maize || 12.3
|-
| Egg || 12.2
|-
| Carrot || 12.1
|-
| Marine fish || 11.8
|-
| Gur || 11.6
|-
| Water melon || 11.4
|-
| Jackfruit || 10.9
|-
| Jowar || 10.6
|-
| Tea || 8.5
|-
| Cocoa || 8.2
|-
| Moong || 7.9
|-
| Oilseed || 7.7
|-
| Papaya || 7.4
|-
| Paddy || 6.9
|-
| Bean || 6.7
|-
| Fruit and vegetable || 6.3
|-
| Sugarcane || 6.1
|-
| Mango || 5.8
|-
| Bitter gourd || 5.6
|-
| Pear || 5.3
|-
| Sericulture and Apiculture || 5.3
|}
==Mining==
This is a chart of proven reserves of major minerals of Tamil Nadu<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/TN-Mining.htm|title=An overview of Mineral Reserves|publisher=Government of Tamil Nada|access-date=16 August 2006 }}</ref> in 2001 by ''Department of Geology and Mining'' with figures in tonnes.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Mineral || Reserve || National Share %
|-
| [[Lignite]] || 30,275,000 || 87
|-
| [[Vermiculite]] || 2,000,000 || 66
|-
| [[Garnet]] || 23,000,000 || 42
|-
| [[Zircon]] || 8,000,000 || 38
|-
| [[Graphite]] || 2,000,000 || 33
|-
| [[Ilmenite]] || 98,000,000 || 28
|-
| [[Rutile]] || 5,000,000 || 27
|-
| [[Monazite]] || 2,000,000 || 25
|-
| [[Magnesite]] || 73,000,000 || 17
|}
Tamil Nadu has a few mining projects based on [[Titanium]], Lignite, Magnesite, Graphite, [[Limestone]], [[Granite]] and [[Bauxite]].<ref>[http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/TN-Mining.htm Tamil Nadu Mining]</ref> The first one is the [[Neyveli Lignite Corporation]] that has led development of large industrial complex around [[Neyveli]] in [[Cuddalore]] district with Thermal power plants, Fertilizer, Brequetting and Carbonisation plants. Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) have entered into MoU with Government of Tamil Nadu in June 2002 for establishing a titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) plant with a project outlay of $650 million. Magnesite mining is done at [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] apart from which mining of Bauxite ores are carried out at Yercaud and this region is also rich in Iron Ore [[Kanjamalai]]. [[Molybdenum]] is found in [[Dharmapuri]], and is the only source in the country.
==Energy==
Tamil Nadu, being an industrialized and urbanized state, is among the top 3 states with respect to generation of electricity. The total installed capacity of Tamil Nadu stands at around 30200 MW as in September 2018, that derives 11500 MW of power from solar and wind energy. Tamil Nadu has the distinction of being the leader in [[renewable energy in India]] by adopting clean sources of energy and having established wind farms as early as 1995. Today it produces more wind power than Denmark and the Netherlands.
=== Wind energy ===
The Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA) is a Tamil Nadu government promoting renewable energy sources and energy conservation activities. The agency has largely been responsible for instigating the tremendous growth of Tamil Nadu in the development of wind power.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.renewingindia.org/news1/news1_wind_teda.html|title=TEDA catalyses renewable energy sector growth in Tamil Nadu|access-date=28 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928160622/http://www.renewingindia.org/news1/news1_wind_teda.html|archive-date=28 September 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> The total installed capacity of windmills in Tamil Nadu totals to around 8700MW. [[Muppandal wind farm]] is a [[renewable energy]] source, supplying the villagers with electricity for work.<ref name="tve">{{cite web
|date        = February 2005
|url        = http://www.tve.org/ho/doc.cfm?aid=1678&lang=English
|title      = Tapping the Wind – India
|access-date  = 28 October 2006
|url-status    = dead
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20070221054946/http://www.tve.org/ho/doc.cfm?aid=1678&lang=English
|archive-date = 21 February 2007
|df          = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|last =  Watts
|first = Himangshu
| date =11 November 2003
|url=http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/22758/story.htm
|title=Clean Energy Brings Windfall to Indian Village
|publisher=Reuters News Service
|access-date=28 October 2006
}}</ref> Wind farms were built in [[Nagercoil]] and [[Tuticorin]] apart from already existing ones around [[Coimbatore]], [[Pollachi]], [[Dharapuram]], [[Kangeyam]] and [[Udumalaipettai]].
===Solar===
In March 2008, [[Signet Solar]] Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.signetsolar.com|title=Default Parallels Plesk Panel Page|publisher=Signetsolar.com|access-date=16 November 2012}}</ref> signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] with the State government to build a INR 20 billion [[thin film|thin-film]] [[silicon]] [[photovoltaic module]] manufacturing plant in the [[Sriperumbudur]] [[Special Economic Zone]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/signet-solar-to-invest-rs20-bn-in-tamil-nadu_10028378.html |title=Archived copy |website=www.thaindian.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523155811/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/signet-solar-to-invest-rs20-bn-in-tamil-nadu_10028378.html |archive-date=23 May 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
In June 2008, [[Moser Baer]] inked a MoU with the state government to build INR 20 billion plant for manufacturing of silicon-based photovoltaic thin film modules and allied products in the [[Oragadam]] [[Special Economic Zone]] which is closer to the Signet Solar's plant in sriperumbudur.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/10/stories/2008061053460400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107065523/http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/10/stories/2008061053460400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 November 2012|title=Moser Baer signs MoU with State on setting up photovoltaic plant|date=10 June 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
===Nuclear===
The [[Kalpakkam]] Nuclear Power Plant, Ennore Thermal Plant, [[Neyveli]] Lignite Power Plant, [[Virudhachalam]] Ceramics and the [[Narimanam]] Natural Gas Plants are major sources of Tamil Nadu's electricity. It is presently adding the [[Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant]] to its energy grid. Tamil Nadu sources some of its power needs from renewable sources with wind power contributing over 2000 MW or over 20% of the needs. Tamil Nadu is facing largest power shortage since 2013 (34.1% deficit), the highest in the country, due to industrialization over the last decade.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Tamil-Nadu-faces-largest-power-shortfall-this-year-Report/articleshow/22303195.cms | work=The Times of India | title=Tamil Nadu faces largest power shortfall this year: Report – The Times of India}}</ref> India's leading steel producer [[Steel Authority of India Limited|SAIL]] has a steel plant in Salem, Tamil Nadu.<ref name="SAIL">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sail.co.in/plant_special_salem.asp |title=SAIL Plant |access-date=10 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230024933/http://www.sail.co.in/plant_special_salem.asp |archive-date=30 December 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tamil Nadu ranks [[States of India by installed power capacity|first nationwide]] in diesel-based thermal electricity generation with national market share of over 34%.
===Hydroelectric===
The [[Mettur Dam]] is one of the largest dams in India. It was completed in 1936. The total length of the dam is 1700 meters. It is also called Stanley Reservoir. The Mettur Hydro Electrical power project is also quite large [[Mettur Dam]]. [[Mettur]] has a number of industries (50&nbsp;km from Salem city): SISCOL,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Southern Iron And Steel Company Limited, Pottaneri-m, Kalipatti Vi...|url=https://in.kompass.com/c/southern-iron-and-steel-company-limited/in088831/|access-date=2021-09-06|website=in.kompass.com}}</ref> MALCO (Madras Aluminium Company owned by [[Vedanta Resources]]), Chemplast (former known as Mettur Chemicals),<ref name="Chemplast">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sanmargroup.com/chemicma.htm |title=Chemplast Sanmar Ltd |access-date=10 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112044959/http://www.sanmargroup.com/chemicma.htm |archive-date=12 November 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thermal power plant, Hydel power plant and huge number of chemical industries. There are many other dams that provide irrigation and drinking water, including the [[Vaigai Dam]].
===Bio-diesel===
Tamil Nadu at this time is the only state to have a formal Bio-Diesel Policy to use [[Jatropha incentives in India|jatropha crops]] as a source of biofuel and to distribute wasteland to the poor farmers for the planting of these crops.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.indutourismnews.com/
|title=Clean Green Energy from Tamil Nadu, India
|access-date=15 November 2006
}}</ref>
==Industry and manufacturing==
One of the global electrical equipment public sector company [[BHEL]] has manufacturing plants at [[Tiruchirappalli]] and [[Ranipet]]. The Tamil Nadu state government owns the [[Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers]] (TNPL),<ref name="tnpl">[http://www.tnpl.co.in/ TNPL]</ref> the world's biggest [[bagasse]]-based paper mills in [[Karur]] . The world's sixth largest manufacturer of watches together with [[Tata Group|TATA]], under the brand name of "Titan" which has manufacturing plant in [[Hosur]].<ref name="titan">{{cite web |url=http://www.tata.com/company/profile.aspx?sectid=A7QqSsuVi+g= |title=Tata group &#124; Our businesses &#124; Tata companies &#124; Titan Industries |publisher=Tata.com |access-date=16 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122225358/http://www.tata.com/company/profile.aspx?sectid=A7QqSsuVi+g= |archive-date=22 November 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 40 percent of all wind-generated electricity in India is created by windmills in Tamil Nadu. Danish wind power company [[NEG Micon]] has established its manufacturing unit in Chennai.<ref name="vestas">{{Cite web |url=http://www.vestas.com/dk/Home/index.asp |title=Vestas Webpage |access-date=10 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015183629/http://www.vestas.com/dk/Home/index.asp |archive-date=15 October 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Tamil Nadu is a leading producer of cement in India and with manufacturing units located at [[Ariyalur]], Coimbatore, [[Karur]] and [[Tirunelveli]]. High-density Polyethylene mono filament yarn and associated products are manufactured in [[Karur]] for mosquito nets and fishing nets. More than 60% mosquito nets in India are manufactured here. The region around [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] is rich in mineral ores. The country's largest steel public sector undertaking, SAIL, has a steel plant in Salem.
Coimbatore is a major industrial hub in South India and houses more than 30,000 small, medium and large industries. Coimbatore is known as "Manchester of South India" due to its extensive textile industry and also referred to as "the Pump City" as it supplies half or 50% of India's requirements of motors and pumps.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/pump-industry-gears-up-for-road-ahead/article9975629.ece|title=Pump industry gears up for road ahead|work=@businessline|access-date=24 October 2018|language=en}}</ref> The city is one of the largest exporters of [[textile]], [[jewellery]], [[wet grinder]]s, [[poultry]] and [[Automobile|auto components]] and the term "Coimbatore Wet Grinder" has been given a [[Geographical indication]]. [[Larsen & Toubro]] has 300 acre huge manufacturing campus in Coimbatore which houses various units of company, manufactures aerospace and defence parts for leading players in the market.
[[Tuticorin]] is known as "Gateway of Tamilnadu". Thoothukudi is the major chemical producer in the state. It produces the 70 percent of the total salt production in the state and 30 percent in the country.
===IT/ITeS-Software===
Tamil Nadu is one of the largest contributor of software exports majorly from its cities [[Chennai]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Trichy]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Salem - SEZ {{!}} ELCOT|url=https://elcot.in/special-economic-zone/salem-sez|access-date=2021-09-06|website=elcot.in}}</ref> and [[Madurai]]  .  State has 526 engineering colleges, the most for any state in India giving the services industry access to qualified and skilled labour force. The top engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu have been a major recruiting hub for the IT firms. According to estimates, about 50 per cent of the human resources required for the IT and ITES industry was being sourced from the state.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/tcs-jumps-the-gun-in-campus-hiring/article7592763.ece?ref=tpnews |title=TCS jumps the gun in campus hiring |author=Sangeetha Kandavel |work=The Hindu |date=29 August 2015 |access-date=29 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016041856/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/tcs-jumps-the-gun-in-campus-hiring/article7592763.ece?ref=tpnews |archive-date=16 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> The state has a wide network of about 110 industrial parks and estates offering developed plots with supporting infrastructure.<ref name="IT park">Example include [http://www.tidelpark.com/ Tidelpark] and [http://www.itpchennai.com/ ITP Chennai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061114192436/http://www.itpchennai.com/ |date=14 November 2006 }}</ref> Also, the state government is promoting other industrial parks like Rubber Park, Apparel Parks, Floriculture Park, [[TIDEL Park]] for IT/ITS, TICEL BioPark for Biotechnology,<ref name="ticel">{{Cite web|url=http://ticelbiopark.com/ticel-new/|title=Ticel Bio Park|website=ticelbiopark.com}}</ref> Siruseri IT Park, Elcot SEZ and Agro Export Zones among others. Tamil Nadu has the largest number of [[Small and medium enterprises]] (SMEs) in India.<ref name="Institute of Small Enterprises and Development">[http://www.isedonline.org/html/ised_hlp_dsk_01.html]  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119155600/http://www.isedonline.org/html/ised_hlp_dsk_01.html |date=19 November 2008 }}</ref>
This is a chart of trend of software exports from Tamil Nadu published by [[Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu]] with figures in Crores of Indian Rupees.<ref name="ELCOT">{{cite web|url=http://www.elcot.com/init-frame.htm|title=Status of IT industry in Tamil Nadu|publisher= ELCOT|access-date=16 August 2006 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Software exports
|-
| 1995 || {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}{{INRConvert|370|c}}
|-
| 2000 || {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}{{INRConvert|31160|c}}
|-
| 2005 || {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}{{INRConvert|41150|c}}
|-
| 2010 || {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}{{INRConvert|62100|c}}
|-
| 2013 || {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}{{INRConvert|82450|c}}<ref name="business-standard.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/tn-software-exports-double-in-last-4-years-to-rs-82-445-cr-115032501222_1.html|title=TN software exports double in last 4 years to Rs 82,445 cr|newspaper=Business Standard India|agency=Press Trust of India|date=25 March 2015|via=Business Standard|last1=India|first1=Press Trust of}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}{{INRConvert|111179|c}}
|-
| 2018 || {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}{{INRConvert|139129|c}}<ref name="thehindubusinessline.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/it-investments-in-tamil-nadu-down-by-12-to-39831-crore/article28387556.ece|title=IT investments in Tamil Nadu down by 12% to ₹39,831 crore|website=@businessline}}</ref>
|-
|}
===Automotive===
{{Main|Automobile industry in Chennai}}
[[Chennai]] is nicknamed "The [[Detroit of Asia]]".<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/04/AR2005120401094.html]</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mallaby |first1=Sebastian |title=Detroit's Next Big Threat |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/04/AR2005120401094.html |access-date=21 August 2021 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=5 December 2005}}</ref> It is home to large number of auto component industries. Over 11.2% of the ''S&P CNX 500'' conglomerates have corporate offices in Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu has manufacturing facilities from automobiles, railway coaches, battle-tanks, tractors, motorbikes and heavy vehicles to ships.
[[Alstom]] has a manufacturing facility in Coimbatore which manufactures rail transportation products.
===Vehicle parts manufacturers===
[[Madras Rubber Factory]] the local tyre manufacturer is located in Chennai and [[Perambalur]]. [[TI Cycles of India|TI cycles]] of Murugappa group have their units in Chennai. UCAL Carburettors, TRW Rane, [[TVS Group]] are established in Hosur.TVS Srichakra Tyre works at Madurai. Coimbatore is home to [[Pricol]], [[ELGi Equipments|Elgi Equipments]], Craftsman, Roots Horn, Rolon Chains and numerous Tier-I part suppliers.
===Transportation industry===
Custom built trucks operated in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka are from [[Tiruchengode]], [[Sankagiri]], and [[Namakkal]]. 90 Percent of Private busses operating in South India are built in Karur. [[Karur]] is well known for its bus body building industries. More than 150 Bus body building industries are located in and around Karur. Apart from that, mostly all the TNSTC, MTC, SETC and PRTC busses are built in Karur.
==Textiles and Apparels==
Tamil Nadu is the largest textile hub of India. Tiruppur "Dollar City" due to its cotton production and textile industries. The textile industry plays a significant role in the Indian economy by providing direct employment to an estimated 35 million people, and thereby contributing 4% of GDP and 35% of gross export earnings. The textile sector contributes to 14% of the manufacturing sector. From Spinning to garment manufacturing, entire textile production chain facilities are in Tamil Nadu. About half of India's total spinning mill capacity is in Tamil Nadu. The western part of Tamil Nadu comprising Coimbatore, Tirupur, Erode, Namakkal, Karur and Dindigul has the majority of spinning mills manufacturing cotton/polyester/blended yarn, open end yarn and silk yarn used by garment units in Tamil Nadu, Maharastra etc. Yarn is also exported to China, Bangladesh etc. [[Tirupur]] knitted garment units have been exporting garments for about 3 decades with 2015–16 exports in the range of US$3 Billion. [[Karur]] is the major home textile (Curtain cloth, bed linens, kitchen linens, toilet linens, table linens, wall hangings etc.) manufacturing and export hub in India. [[Erode]] is the main cloth market in south India for both retail and wholesale ready-mades. Madras (Chennai) has a large presence of woven garments (shirts/pants) manufacturing units.  Madurai and Kanchipuram are famous for handloom sarees exported / sold all over India. [[Lakshmi Machine Works]] [LMW], one of the three major textile machinery manufacturing companies in the world is located in Coimbatore. Savio also has a factory in Coimbatore. Many textile component manufacturers are in Coimbatore and some export to the Europe etc.
==Aerospace and defence==
[[File:Tamil Nadu Defence Corridor.jpg|thumb|Tamil Nadu Defence Corridor]]
The defence industry in Tamil Nadu is one of the fastest growing sector in the states generating a huge amount of export revenue. The states serves as the headquarters for numerous defence manufacturing public undertakings such as [[Heavy Vehicles Factory]], [[Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment]], [[Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli]], [[Larsen & Toubro|L&T]] Aerospace & Defence unit Coimbatore, [[Lakshmi Machine Works|LMW Advanced Technology Centre]], Coimbatore, [[Ashok Leyland Defence Systems]], [[Mahindra Aerospace]], [[Ramco Systems]], TANEJA Aerospace and Salem Aerospace Limited.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/ashok-leyland-bags-defence-vehicle-order/article24773406.ece|title=Ashok Leyland bags defence vehicle order|date=24 August 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/downtown/Think-Avadi-think-defence/article14416633.ece|title=Think Avadi, think defence|first=D.|last=Madhavan|date=11 June 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> The state has the country's first defence corridor and aerospace park.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/seven-firms-seek-land-allotment-at-aero-park-in-tn/article9559227.ece|title=Seven firms seek land allotment at aero park in TN|website=@businessline}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/defence-corridor-to-come-up-in-tn/article23274518.ece|title=Defence Corridor to come up in TN|website=@businessline}}</ref> The principal cities manufacturing defence and aerospace components are Chennai, Coimbatore, Tiruchirappalli, [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] and the secondary manufacturing cities are [[Nagercoil]] and [[Hosur]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/the-man-who-tries-to-make-it-big-in-india/298023 |title=The Man Who Tries To Make It Big in India |website=magazine.outlookindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/firms-eye-opportunities-as-sitharaman-talks-up-defence-industrial-corridor-118031600028_1.html|title=Firms eye opportunities as Sitharaman talks up defence industrial corridor|first=Ajai|last=Shukla|date=16 March 2018|via=Business Standard}}</ref> French aerospace and defence company, [[Airbus]] decided to invest 1 billion dollar (7,200 crores) in an aerospace project in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadu-set-to-fly-as-airbus-eyes-state-for-manufacturing-unit/articleshow/63242790.cms|title=Airbus: Tamil Nadu set to fly as Airbus eyes state for manufacturing unit &#124; Chennai News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> The company has also planned to built a helicopter assembly factory in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/airbus-shortlists-eight-states-for-helicopter-assembling-facility-118042100809_1.html|title=Airbus shortlists eight states for helicopter assembling facility|first=T. E.|last=Narasimhan|date=21 April 2018|via=Business Standard}}</ref> Tier - II cities of Coimbatore and Salem also serves as a major export hub for defence manufacturing firms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/lt-defence-to-manufacture-isro-rocket-engines-in-coimbatore/article23937633.ece|title=L&T Defence to manufacture ISRO rocket engines in Coimbatore|author=Staff Reporter|date=19 May 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> Defence, paramilitary and police personnel across the nation use guns, ammunitions and bullets manufactured from the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/city-could-soon-manufacture-small-arms-and-ammunition/articleshow/62200451.cms|title=Coimbatore could soon manufacture small arms and ammunition &#124; Coimbatore News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/defence-manufacturing-innovation-centre-to-come-up-in-city-at-rs-20-cr/articleshow/62407334.cms|title=Defence innovation centre to come up in Coimbatore &#124; Coimbatore News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
Special grade steel used in making missiles are manufactured in Salem.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/300618/tamil-nadu-for-using-salem-steel-plants-land-for-defence-corridor.html|title=Tamil Nadu for using Salem Steel Plant's land for defence corridor: CM|date=30 June 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> India's multinational engineering conglomerate [[Larsen & Toubro|L&T]] joint venture with France-based [[MBDA]], a world leader in missile systems planned a "L&T MBDA Missile Systems" facility at Aspen SEZ in Coimbatore serves as its hub to export fully assembled missile systems to Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/lt-jv-to-export-missiles-to-europe-from-coimbatore-sez/article25360945.ece|title=L&T JV to export missiles to Europe from Coimbatore SEZ|first=M.|last=Ramesh|website=@businessline}}</ref>
[[File:IAF Tejas full size (32941198511).jpg|thumb|[[HAL Tejas|IAF's Tejas]] fighter aircraft]]
Tamil Nadu also is the hub station where the first Indian made [[Fifth-generation jet fighter]] plane is to be manufactured. The Aeronautical Development Agency, which conceived and designed the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas, set the ball rolling for building the next generation defence aircraft, the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA), by initiating in Coimbatore to build a technology demonstrator.
The project – to be implemented in Sulur in Coimbatore district which will house the permanent base of the Tejas squadron – marks one of Tamil Nadu's first major defence aircraft project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/tamil-nadu-to-build-indias-next-generation-defence-aircraft/articleshow/64217410.cms|title=Tamil Nadu to build India's next generation defence aircraft|first=Chethan|last=Kumar|via=The Economic Times}}</ref>
==Electronics==
Electronics manufacturing is a growing industry in Tamil Nadu. Chennai has emerged as [[EMS Hub of India]]. Companies like Flextronics, [[Motorola]], [[Sony-Ericsson]], [[Foxconn]], [[Samsung]], [[Cisco]], and [[Dell]] have chosen Chennai as their South Asian manufacturing hub. Products manufactured include circuit boards and cellular phone handsets.<ref name="Flextronics">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/10/07/stories/2005100702790400.htm |title=Flextronics signs pact for Chennai facility |access-date=10 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902122159/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/10/07/stories/2005100702790400.htm |archive-date=2 September 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Ericsson]] also has a Research and Development facility in Chennai.<ref name="Ericsson India Private Ltd. ">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ericsson.com/in/ericsson/corporate_information/ericsson_india.shtml |title=Ericsson India Private Ltd |access-date=10 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107015922/http://www.ericsson.com/in/ericsson/corporate_information/ericsson_india.shtml |archive-date=7 November 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Big EPC companies have set up their Engineering centres which include [[Saipem|Saipem India Projects Ltd]], [[Technip]], [[Foster Wheeler]], [[Schneider Electric]], [[Mott MacDonald]], [[Petrofac]], Austrian company "Austrian Energy and Environment" have also a design office here besides local giant ECC [[Larsen & Toubro]]. [[Sanmina-SCI]] is the latest company to invest in Tamil Nadu to create a state of the art manufacturing facility.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/-nid--cid-.html|title=Welcome to the silicon india network|website=www.siliconindia.com}}</ref> [[Nokia Siemens Networks]] has decided to build a manufacturing plant for wireless network equipment in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nokia.com/networks/insights/|title=Insights|website=Nokia}}</ref>
The state with a projected population of about 66.5&nbsp;million in year 2009 has a high mobile market share in India. According to statistics released by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), the state had a total subscriber base of 43&nbsp;million mobile customers at the beginning of August 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=TN gears up for mobile turf war|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-18/chennai/28164481_1_mobile-number-portability-gsm-services-tamil-nadu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024025214/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-18/chennai/28164481_1_mobile-number-portability-gsm-services-tamil-nadu|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 October 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 June 2009|first1=T K|last1=Rohit}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-10/chennai/28152212_1_lakh-subscribers-tamil-nadu-crore-mobile-subscribers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913102626/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-10/chennai/28152212_1_lakh-subscribers-tamil-nadu-crore-mobile-subscribers|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 September 2011|title=1 in 2 persons in TN has a cellphone, State at Present Has 4Cr Mobile Subscribers, Second Only To Maharashtra|page=3|date=10 August 2009|edition=Chennai|first1=T K|work=[[The Times of India]]|last1=Rohit}}</ref>
==Leather==
Tamil Nadu accounts for 60 per cent of leather tanning capacity in India<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aishtma.com/leathermap.html|title=AISHTMA|website=www.aishtma.com|access-date=25 October 2018}}</ref> and 38 per cent of all leather footwear, garments and components. The state also accounts for 50 per cent of leather exports<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibef.org/blogs/leather-exports-from-india-going-strong|title=Leather exports from India: Going strong!|website=www.ibef.org|access-date=25 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eximfile.com/top-5-indian-states-exporting-leather-products-to-other-countries/|title=Top 5 Indian States Exporting Leather Products to Other Countries|date=6 April 2018|work=Eximfile|access-date=25 October 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730124313/http://www.eximfile.com/top-5-indian-states-exporting-leather-products-to-other-countries/|archive-date=30 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> from India, valued at around US$3.3 billion of the total US$6.5 billion from India. Hundreds of leather and [[Tannery (facility)|tannery]] facilities are located around [[Vellore]] and its nearby towns, such as [[Ranipet]], [[Ambur]] and [[Vaniyambadi]]. The Vellore district is the top exporter of finished leather goods in the country. Vellore leather accounts for more than 37 percent<ref name=VDA1>{{cite web|title=ACTIVITIES AND SCHEMES OPERATED BY DISTRICT INDUSTRIES CENTRE, VELLORE DISTRICT|url=http://vellore.nic.in/dic.htm|publisher=Vellore District Administration|access-date=22 January 2011}}</ref> of the country's export of leather and leather-related products (such as finished leathers, shoes, garments and [[leather gloves|gloves]]).
Hundreds of leather and tannery industries are located around [[Vellore]], [[Dindigul]] and [[Erode]] its nearby towns such as [[Ranipet]], [[Ambur]], [[Perundurai]] and [[Vaniyambadi]] The tanning industry in India has a total capacity of 225 million pieces of hides and skins, of which Tamil Nadu alone contributes 70 per cent, a leading export product share at 40 per cent for India. It currently employs about 2.5 million persons. Leather exports by the end of 2000–2001 were INR90&nbsp;billion.
Central Leather Research Institute, a CSIR research laboratory, is located in Chennai, the state capital.
===Fireworks===
The town of [[Sivakasi]] is a leader in the areas of printing, fireworks, and safety matches. It was fondly called as "Little Japan" by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. It contributes to 80% of India's fireworks production. Sivakasi provides over 60% of India's total offset printing solutions.
{{see also|List of conglomerates in Tamil Nadu}}
==Banking==
The first modern bank in Tamil Nadu, [[Bank of Madras]] was started by the British in 1843. It was followed by the opening of other banks namely – [[Arbuthnot & Co]], [[Bank of Chettinad]], [[Bank of Madura]], that were later merged under the supervision of RBI. The state serves as the headquarters for the second most banks in India, only next to the financial Capital [[Mumbai]]. The banking sector in Tamil Nadu is broadly classified into scheduled banks and non-scheduled banks. All banks included in the Second Schedule to the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 are Scheduled Banks. These banks comprise Scheduled Commercial Banks and Scheduled Co-operative Banks. Scheduled Co-operative Banks consist of Scheduled State Co-operative Banks and Scheduled Urban Cooperative Banks. Scheduled Commercial Banks in Tamil Nadu are categorised into five different groups according to their ownership and/or nature of operation:
* Nationalised Banks
* Private Sector Banks
* Foreign Banks
* Regional Rural Banks
* Small Finance Banks
The following are the list of Banks based in Tamil Nadu.
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Bank Name !! Established !! Headquarter !! Branches !! [[Revenue]]s !! [[Asset|Total Assets]] !! Ref/Notes
|-
| [[Indian Bank]] || 1907 || Chennai || 2,836 || {{INRConvert|43414.34|c}} || {{INRConvert|394771|c}} || <ref>[http://www.indianbank.in/]</ref>
|-
| [[Indian Overseas Bank]] || 1937 || Chennai || 3,350 || {{INRConvert|43120.09|c}} || {{INRConvert|374436.76|c}} || <ref>[https://www.iob.in/]</ref>
|-
| [[Karur Vysya Bank]] || 1916 || Karur || 790 || {{INRConvert|9987.3|c}} || {{INRConvert|107663.72|c}} || <ref>[https://www.kvb.co.in/]</ref>
|-
| [[City Union Bank]] || 1904 || Kumbakonam || 623 || {{INRConvert|4596.4|c}} || {{INRConvert|66289.44|c}} || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityunionbank.com/|title=Welcome to City Union Bank|website=www.cityunionbank.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[Lakshmi Vilas Bank]] || 1926 || Chennai || 565 || {{INRConvert|2568.4|c}} || {{INRConvert|56287.92|c}} || <ref>[https://www.lvbank.com/]</ref>
|-
| [[Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Limited]] || 1921 || Thoothukudi || 509 || {{INRConvert|3911.7|c}} || {{INRConvert|63467.98|c}} || <ref>[http://www.tmb.in/best_interest_rates/best_indian_bank_offering_high_interest_rates_for_nri_deposits.html]</ref>
|-
| [[Equitas Small Finance Bank]] || 2007 || Chennai || 412 || {{INRConvert|1908.77|c}} || {{INRConvert|23086.5|c}} || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.equitasbank.com/|title=Request Rejected|website=www.equitasbank.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu Grama Bank]]|| 2019|| Salem || 630 || {{INRConvert|1824.36|c|year=2021}}|| {{INRConvert|25438.02 |c}}|| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} Tamil Nadu Grama Bank|url=https://www.tamilnadugramabank.com/|access-date=2021-09-06|website=www.tamilnadugramabank.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[Repco Bank]] || 1969 || Chennai || 153 || {{INRConvert|984.5|c}} || {{INRConvert|16515|c}} || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.repcobank.com/|title=Repco Bank|website=www.repcobank.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[TNSC Bank]] || 1905 || Chennai || 100+ || {{INRConvert|485.7|c}} || {{INRConvert|11216|c}} || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tnscbank.com/about-us/growth-of-the-bank/|title=Growth of the Bank|date=2 April 2014}}</ref>
|-
|}
==Transportation==
{{Main|Transport in Tamil Nadu|Road network in Tamil Nadu}}
[[File:Chennai Kathipara bridge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Kathipara Junction in Chennai]]
[[File:Chennai Cargo Terminal.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Three 747s at Chennai Cargo Terminal. Chennai cargo terminal is the second busiest in India]]
[[File:Madras Port In 1996.jpg|200px|right|thumb|The [[Madras Port]], the second biggest port in South Asia]]
Tamil Nadu has a well established transportation system that connects all parts of the state. This is partly responsible for the investment in the state. Though the present transportation system is substantial, it needs to be developed further to keep pace with the rapid increase in use.<ref name="tnhighnotes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/highways_1.htm|title=Tamil Nadu Infrastructure Development}}</ref> Tamil Nadu is served by an extensive road network in terms of its spread and quality, providing links between urban centres, agricultural market-places and rural habitations in the countryside.
===Road===
There are 28 national highways in the state, covering a total distance of {{convert|5036|km|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.morth.nic.in/statedetailsmain.asp | title=National Highways in Tamil Nadu | publisher=Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Govt. of India | access-date=24 January 2012}}</ref> The state is also a terminus for [[National Highway 44 (India)|North-South Corridor Road]] (NH44) and the [[Golden Quadrilateral]] project that is 99.2% completed as of 31 July 2010.<ref name="gldnquad">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nhai.org/gqmain_english.htm |title=National Highway Authority of India |access-date=25 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034111/http://www.nhai.org/gqmain_english.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus]] is the largest bus terminal in [[Tamil Nadu]]. The state has a total road length of 167,000&nbsp;km, of which 60,628&nbsp;km are maintained by Highways Department. This is nearly 2.5 times higher than the density of all-India road network.<ref name="tnroads">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tnhighways.org|title=Official site for Tamil Nadu Highways}}</ref> It ranks second with a share of over 20% in total road projects under operation in the public-private partnership model.<ref>{{cite web|author=Business Standard |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/tamil-nadu-ranks-2nd-in-road-projects-under-ppp/198092/on |title=Tamil Nadu ranks 2nd in road projects under PPP |publisher=Business-standard.com |date=19 November 2012 |access-date=3 December 2012}}</ref> It is currently working on upgrading its road network, though the pace of work is considered slow.<ref name="tnupgrade">[http://www.blonnet.com/2006/08/11/stories/2006081103171900.htm Highways, roads to be upgraded in Tamil Nadu]</ref>
===Railway===
Tamil Nadu has a well-developed rail network as part of [[Southern Railway (India)|Southern Railway]]. Headquartered at Chennai, the present [[Southern Railway (India)|Southern Railway]] network extends over a large area of India's Southern Peninsula, covering the states of Tamil Nadu, [[Kerala]], Puducherry, minor portions of [[Karnataka]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Tamil Nadu has a total railway track length of 6,693&nbsp;km and there are 690 railway stations in the state. The system connects it with most major cities in [[India]]. Main rail junctions in the state include Chennai, Coimbatore, [[Erode]], [[Dindugul]], [[Katpadi]],[[Thanjavur Junction railway station|Thanjavur]], [[Madurai]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Tiruchirapalli]] and [[Tirunelveli]]. Chennai has a well-established [[Transport in Chennai|Suburban Railway]] network, a [[Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System|Mass Rapid Transport System]] and is currently developing a [[Chennai Metro|Metro]] system, with its first underground stretch operational since May 2017.<ref>{{cite web|author=The Hindu BusinessLine |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/chennai-metros-1st-underground-line-opens/article9697789.ece |title=Chennai metro's 1st underground line opens |publisher=thehindubusinessline.com |date=14 May 2017 |access-date=27 December 2017}}</ref>
===Air===
Tamil Nadu has a major international airport, [[Chennai International Airport]], that is connected with 27 countries with more than 500 direct flights every day. Other international airports in Tamil Nadu include [[Tiruchirapalli International Airport]], [[Coimbatore International Airport]], [[Madurai Airport]] and [[Tiruchirappalli International Airport|Tiruchirapalli Airport]]. Chennai International Airport is currently the fourth largest international airport in India after [[Delhi]], Mumbai, and [[Bangalore]] has a passenger growth of 18%. It also has domestic airports at [[Salem Airport (India)|Salem]], [[Tuticorin Airport|Thoothukudi]] making several parts of the state easily accessible. Increased industrial activity has given rise to an increase in passenger traffic as well as freight movement which has been growing at over 21.3 per cent per year.<ref name="tntransport">[http://www.indiainbusiness.nic.in/indian-states/tamilnadu/EconoInfra.htm Transportation in Tamil Nadu] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225103911/http://www.indiainbusiness.nic.in/indian-states/tamilnadu/EconoInfra.htm |date=25 February 2007 }}</ref>
===Ports===
Tamil Nadu has four major ports at [[Chennai Port|Chennai]], [[Ennore Port|Ennore]], [[Kattupalli Shipyard|Kattupalli]] and [[Tuticorin]], as well as one intermediate port, [[Nagapattinam]], and seven minor ports, [[Rameswaram]], [[Kanyakumari (town)|Kanyakumari]], [[Cuddalore]], [[Colachel]], [[Karaikal]], [[Pamban]] and [[Valinokkam]] of which are currently capable of handling over 73 million metric tonnes of cargo annually (24 per cent share of India). All the minor ports are managed by the Tamil Nadu Maritime Board.<ref name="tnmariboard">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/per-budget-1999-2001/hrw-pb-e-3.htm|title=Creation of the Tamil Nadu Maritime Board}}</ref> Chennai Port is an artificial harbour situated on the Coromandel Coast in South-East India and it is the second principal port in the country for handling containers. It is currently being upgraded to have a dedicated terminal for cars capable of handling 400,000 vehicles by 2009 to be used by Hyundai, Ford and Nissan Renault.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibef.org/news/16235|title=Dedicated ports new craze in autoville &#124; IBEF|website=www.ibef.org}}</ref> [[Ennore Port]] was recently converted from an intermediate port to a major port and handles all the coal and ore traffic in Tamil Nadu. The volume of cargo in the ports grew by 13 per cent over 2005.<ref name="ennoreport">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ennoreport.gov.in/content/|title=Kamarajar Port Limited|website=www.ennoreport.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="tutiport">[http://www.tuticorinport.gov.in/ Official website for Tuticorin Port] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731210325/http://www.tuticorinport.gov.in/ |date=31 July 2008 }}</ref> The Tuticorin Port is expanding its facilities at the cost of US$1.6 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/070620/54/6h6wr.html|title=Expansion of Tuticorin Port}}</ref> The [[Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project]] will transform the [[Tuticorin]] port into a [[transshipment]] hub similar to those in Singapore and [[Colombo]]. The ports are in need of improvement and some of them have container terminals privatised.
== Tourism ==
{{main|Tourism in Tamil Nadu}}
Owing to the [[History of Tamil Nadu|ancientness]] and [[Tamil culture|depth]] of its civilization, Tamil Nadu has been a hub for [[tourism]]. In recent years, the state has emerged as one of the leading tourist destination for both domestic and foreign tourists. Tourism in Tamil Nadu is promoted by Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation (TTDC), a Government of Tamil Nadu undertaking.  The state currently ranks the highest among Indian states with about 248 million arrivals in 2013.<ref name="toi3">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Tamil-Nadu-most-popular-tourist-destination-for-domestic-travellers/articleshow/37735735.cms | title=Tamil Nadu most popular tourist destination for domestic travellers | work=Times of India| access-date=5 July 2014}}</ref> The annual growth rate of the industry stood at 16 per cent.  Approximately 2,804,687 foreign and 111,637,104 domestic tourists visited the state in 2010.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110811100854/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-10/chennai/28312714_1_ttdc-package-tours-tourist-destinations Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh build temple ties to boost tourism]. ''The Times of India''. (10 August 2010).</ref>
[[File:Kanyakumari Moon View.jpg|200 px|right|thumb|Statue of [[Thiruvalluvar]], [[Kanniyakumari]], [[Tamil Nadu]]]]
[[File:Mamallapuram (167).jpg|200 px|right|thumb|[[Shore Temple|Shore Temple, Mahabalipuram]] (built in 700–728 AD) in [[Tamil Nadu]]]]
The state boasts some of the grand Hindu temples built in Dravidian architecture. The Brihadishwara Temple in Thanjavur, built by the Cholas, the Airavateswara temple in Darasuram and the Shore Temple, along with the collection of other monuments in Mahabalipuram (also called Mamallapuram) have been declared as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Madurai is home to the Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple. Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam is the largest functioning temple in the world, Tiruchirappalli where the famous Rockfort Temple is located, Rameshwaram whose temple walk-ways corridor (Praagarams) are the longest 1.2&nbsp;km (0.75&nbsp;mi) of all Indian temples in the world, Kanchipuram and Palani are important pilgrimage sites for Hindus. Other popular temples in Tamil Nadu include those in Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Chidambaram, Thiruvannaamalai, Tiruchendur, Tiruvarur, Kumbakonam, Srivilliputhur, Tiruttani, Namakkal, Vellore, Karur, Bhavani, Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari.
Tamil Nadu is also home to hill stations like Udhagamandalam (Ooty), Kodaikanal, Yercaud, Coonoor, Topslip, Valparai, Yelagiri and Manjolai. The Nilgiri hills, Palani hills, Shevaroy hills, Kolli Hills and Cardamom hills are all abodes of thick forests and wildlife. Tamil Nadu has many National Parks, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Elephant and Bird Sanctuaries, Reserved Forests, Zoos and Crocodile farms. Prominent among them are Mudumalai National Park, The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, Anaimalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary and Arignar Anna Zoological Park. The mangrove forests at Pichavaram are also eco-tourism spots of importance.
Kanyakumari, the southernmost tip of peninsular India, is famous for its beautiful sunrise, Vivekananda Rock Memorial and Thiruvalluvar's statue built off the coastline. Marina Beach in Chennai is one of the longest beaches in the world. The stretch of beaches from Chennai to Mahabalipuram are home to many resorts, theme parks and eateries. The prominent waterfalls in the state are Courtallam, Hogenakkal, Papanasam, Manimuthar, Thirparappu, Pykara and Silver Cascade. The Chettinad region of the state is renowned for its Palatial houses and cuisine. With medical care in Chennai, Vellore, Coimbatore and Madurai, Tamil Nadu has the largest numbers in Medical tourism in India.
==Services==
Tamil Nadu has 526 engineering colleges, the most for any state in India giving the services industry access to qualified and skilled labour force. The state has a wide network of about 110 industrial parks and estates offering developed plots with supporting infrastructure.<ref name="IT park"/> Also, the state government is promoting other industrial parks like Rubber Park, Apparel Parks, Floriculture Park, TIDEL Park for IT/ITS, TICEL BioPark for Biotechnology,<ref name="ticel"/> Siruseri IT Park, Elcot SEZ and Agro Export Zones among others. Tamil Nadu has the largest number of [[Small and medium enterprises]] (SMEs) in India.<ref name="Institute of Small Enterprises and Development"/>
{{multiple image
| align    = right
| direction = vertical
| header    = Software Parks
| width    = 200
| image1    = Tidel Park Chennai.jpg
| alt1      =
| caption1  = [[Tidel Park]], Chennai
| image2    = TIDELPark Coimbatore.jpg
| alt2      =
| caption2  = [[Tidel park coimbatore|Tidel Park]], Coimbatore
}}
This is a chart of trend of software exports from Tamil Nadu published by [[Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu]] with figures in Crores of Indian Rupees.<ref name="ELCOT"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Software exports
|-
| 1995 || {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}{{INRConvert|370|c}}
|-
| 2000 || {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}{{INRConvert|31160|c}}
|-
| 2005 || {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}{{INRConvert|41150|c}}
|-
| 2010 || {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}{{INRConvert|62100|c}}
|-
| 2013 || {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}{{INRConvert|82450|c}}<ref name="business-standard.com"/>
|-
| 2017 || {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}{{INRConvert|111179|c}}<ref name="Software"/>
|-
| 2018 || {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}{{INRConvert|139129|c}}<ref name="thehindubusinessline.com"/>
|-
|}
Chennai is the second largest software exporter in India, next only to Bangalore. India's largest IT park is housed at Chennai. Software exports from Tamil Nadu during 2017–2018 rose 8.6% per cent to touch {{nowrap|[[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|8px|link=Indian rupee sign]]}}1,11,179&nbsp;crore, involving a workforce of 780,000.<ref name="Software">{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/tamil-nadu-s-it-ites-exports-pick-up-pace-in-2017-18-grow-8-55-118061200464_1.html|title=Tamil Nadu's IT, ITeS exports pick up pace in 2017-18, grow 8.55%|first=Gireesh|last=Babu|date=12 June 2018|via=Business Standard}}</ref> Chennai is the largest hub for e-publishing, as there are 67 e-publishing units registered with the [[STPI]] in Chennai and 25 in Bangalore. Companies such as [[HCL Technologies]], [[NTT DATA]], [[Wipro]], [[Tata Consultancy Services]], [[Capgemini]], [[Amazon.com]], [[Larsen & Toubro Infotech|LTI]], [[Tech Mahindra]], [[Infosys]], [[IBM]], [[Cognizant]], [[Accenture]], [[Sopra Steria]], [[CGI Inc.]], [[Verizon]], [[DXC Technology]], [[Atos]], [[Virtusa]] and many others have offices in Chennai. Infosys Technologies has set up India's largest software development centre to house 25,000 software professionals at an estimated investment of {{INRConvert|12500|m}} in Chennai.<ref name="infosys">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/money/2004/feb/26infosys.htm|title=Infosys setting up giant centre in Chennai|first=A.|last=Correspondent|website=Rediff}}</ref> India's largest IT park – SIPCOT is housed at Siruseri – Chennai, It has numerous IT companies such as TCS, CTS, Syntel, Steria, Polaris, Patni, Hexaware etc. Chennai has been rated as the most attractive city for offshoring services.<ref name="offshoring">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/04/02/stories/2006040202550100.htm |title=Chennai most attractive city for offshoring services |access-date=10 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311011210/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/04/02/stories/2006040202550100.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Coimbatore is second largest Software exporter in Tamil Nadu with presence of [[Amazon.com]], [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]], [[Cognizant]], [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]], [[NTT Data]], [[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]], [[Wipro]], [[HCL Technologies|HCL]], [[Capgemini Engineering|Capgemini]], [[Harman International Industries|Harman]], [[Deloitte]]. [[Cognizant]] has more than 13,000 employees working in Coimbatore, which is their second largest headcount in India after Chennai. [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] has one of the largest R&D development centre in Coimbatore outside Germany which employees close to 5500 in the city. Tiruchirappalli is the next biggest IT city. The IT Companies like [[Capgemini]], [[Sutherland]], TTS Business Services, Sun Business Solution (Sun Group), [[Scientific Publishing]], Omega Healthcare, Vagus Technologies, MMC Infotech are also in Tiruchirappalli.
Chennai has emerged as the "SaaS Capital of India".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crayondata.com/heres-why-chennai-is-the-saas-capital-of-india/|title=Here's why Chennai is the SAAS capital of India|date=25 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/a-silent-saas-revolution-is-brewing-in-chennai/articleshow/67583586.cms|title=A silent SaaS revolution is brewing in Chennai - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://prabinsamuel.medium.com/saasboomi-shocking-secret-why-chennai-is-the-saas-capital-of-india-50f251b3a7f1|title=SaaSBooMi — The Shocking Secret why Chennai is the SaaS Capital of India!|first=Prabin|last=Samuel|date=9 February 2020|website=Medium}}</ref><ref name="deccanchronicle.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/111018/chennai-is-saas-capital-of-india-edappadi-k-palaniswami.html|title=Chennai is SaaS capital of India: Edappadi K Palaniswami|date=11 October 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/chennai-is-the-new-hotbed-for-deep-tech/articleshow/70514504.cms|title=Chennai is quickly turning into the new hotbed for deep-tech startup|first=Malini|last=Goyal|via=The Economic Times}}</ref> The SaaS sector in/around Chennai generated US$1 Billion in revenue and employed about 10000 personnel in 2018.<ref name="deccanchronicle.com"/>
==Government revenues==
Tamil Nadu ranks fourth nationwide of all state governments in tax revenue. (''See:'' [[States of India by tax revenues]].)
This is a chart of trend of tax revenues (including the shares from Union tax pool) extracted from the Consolidated Fund of the Government of Tamil Nadu<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/finance/revenue%20receipts.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050407104616/http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/finance/revenue%20receipts.pdf |archive-date=7 April 2005 |title=Tax Revenue Receipts |publisher=Tamil Nadu Government |access-date=16 August 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> with figures in millions of Indian Rupees. See also the Finance Commission of India report.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fincomindia.nic.in/thirdreport.htm |title=Finance Commission Report |publisher=Finance Commission of India |access-date=16 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060328093546/http://fincomindia.nic.in/thirdreport.htm |archive-date=28 March 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Tax revenues of local bodies are excluded.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year || Tax revenues || Sales tax || Excise duties || Registration fees || Corporation tax || Vehicle tax
|-
| 1950 || '''441'''{{efn|includes the province of Hyderabad}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1955 || '''270''' || 112{{efn|includes revenues from non-ferrous mining and metallurgical industries}} || 3 || 7 ||  ||
|-
| 1960 || '''417''' || 191 ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1965 || '''723''' || 409 || 4 || 99{{efn|includes stamp fees}} ||  || 133
|-
| 1970 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1975 || '''3,190''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1980 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1985 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1990 || '''34,508''' || 20,659 || 4,348 || 2,263 ||  || 2,273
|-
| 1995 || '''79,045''' || 46,892 || 9,346 || 6,130 ||  || 3,922
|-
| 2000 || '''150,659''' || 81,971 || 18,686 || 9,101 ||  || 5,904
|-
| 2005 || '''253,232''' || 143,607{{efn|includes tax on trades}} || 24,780 || 15,628{{efn|includes stamp fees}} || 13,846 || 11,305
|}
This is a chart of trend of [[non-tax revenue]]s and grants-in-aid [http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/finance/revenue%20receipts.pdf extracted] from the Consolidated Fund of the Government of Tamil Nadu with figures in millions of Indian Rupees. See also [http://fincomindia.nic.in/thirdreport.htm ] and [http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/archives/eighteen_year_accounts/revenue_account_receipts.pdf ]. Non-tax revenues of local bodies are excluded.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year || Non-tax revenues || Interest || Mining || Grants-in-aid
|-
| 1960 || '''197''' ||  ||  || '''114'''
|-
| 1965 || '''466''' ||  ||  || '''233'''
|-
| 1970 ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1975 ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1980 ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1985 ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
| 1990 || '''3,814''' || 897 || 588 || '''12,555'''
|-
| 1995 || '''8,584''' || 3,428 || 672 || '''18,362'''
|-
| 2000 || '''17,107''' || 4,036 || 3,953 || '''15,398'''
|-
| 2005 || '''21,014''' || 5,673 || 4,274{{efn|includes revenues from non-ferrous mining and metallurgical industries }} || '''28,268'''
|}
==TN Government debt==
Amount in Crores
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Fin Year || Bought || Repaid || Total debt
|-
| 31 March 2000 || || || 23,840 {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20050121050712/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2001/08/19/stories/0419223a.htm]}}
|-
| 31 March 2001 || || || '''28,685'''
|-
| 31 March 2006 || || || '''57,457'''
|-
| 31 March 2007 || || || 60,170
|-
| 31 March 2008 || || || 64,655
|-
| 31 March 2009 || || || 74,858 [http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/karunanidhi-rebuts-jayalalithaas-debt-trap-charges_100302911.html]
|-
| 31 March 2011 || || ||  '''1,12,000''' [https://www.businesstoday.in/opinion/perspective/tamil-nadu-budget-jayalalithaa/story/17695.html]
|-
| 31 March 2012 || || || 1,35,060 [http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/budgetspeech_e_2012_2013.pdf]
|-
|2013 - 2014
|
|
|1,55,129
|-
|2014 - 2015
|
|
|1,78,170
|-
|2015 - 2016
|
|
|'''2,11,483'''
|-
|2016 - 2017
|
|
|2,52,431
|-
|2017 - 2018
|
|
|3,14,366
|-
|2018 - 2019
|
|
|3,55,845
|-
|2019 - 2020
|
|
|3,97,000
|-
|2020 - 2021
|
|
|'''4,56,661'''
|}
==Notes==
{{notes|colwidth=30em}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Tamil Nadu}}
{{Economy of India topics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Economy of Tamil Nadu}}
[[Category:Economy of Tamil Nadu| ]]
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