725
edits
→Notes: → notes
Dhaneesh Ram (talk | contribs) No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
Dhaneesh Ram (talk | contribs) (→Notes: → notes) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
||
| (5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 991: | Line 991: | ||
*[[Burundi]] → Umurundi (singular), Abarundi (plural) | *[[Burundi]] → Umurundi (singular), Abarundi (plural) | ||
*[[Lesotho]] → Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural) | *[[Lesotho]] → Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural) | ||
==Non-standard examples== | |||
Demonyms may also not conform to the underlying naming of a particular place, but instead arise out of historical or cultural particularities that become associated with its denizens. In the United States such demonyms frequently become associated with regional pride such as the burqueño of [[Albuquerque]],<ref name="White 2020">{{cite web | last=White | first=Juliet | title=18 Words You'll Only Understand If You're From New Mexico | website=OnlyInYourState | date=July 16, 2020 | url=https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/new-mexico/words-nm/ | access-date=April 26, 2021}}</ref> or with the mascots of intercollegiate sports teams of the [[state university system]], take for example the [[sooners|sooner]] of [[Oklahoma]] and the [[Oklahoma Sooners]].<ref name="Oklahoma 2013">{{cite web | last=Oklahoma | first=University of | title=What is a Sooner? | website=University of Oklahoma | date=May 20, 2013 | url=https://soonersports.com/news/2013/5/20/208806115.aspx | access-date=April 26, 2021}}</ref> | |||
===Formal=== | |||
*[[Albuquerque]] → Burqueños | |||
*[[Buenos Aires]] → [[Porteños]] | |||
*[[Connecticut]] → [[Nutmeggers]] | |||
*[[Guinea Bissau]] → Bissau-Guinean | |||
*[[Edinburgh]] → Lothian | |||
*[[Lisbon]] → Alfacinha | |||
*[[Indiana]] → [[Hoosier]]s<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mettler|first=Katie|date=January 13, 2017|title='Hoosier' is now the official name for Indiana folk. But what does it even mean?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/01/13/hoosier-is-now-the-official-name-for-indiana-folk-but-what-does-it-even-mean/|access-date=July 31, 2020|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> | |||
*[[Los Angeles]] → Angelenos<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Angeleno|access-date=2017-08-10}}</ref> | |||
*[[Massachusetts]] → [[Bay Staters]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleI/Chapter2/Section35|title=Massachusetts: General Laws, Section 35|work=malegislature.gov}}</ref><ref>Prior to the Massachusetts State Legislature designating "Bay Stater" as the state's official demonym, other terms used included ''Massachusett'', borrowed from the native [[Massachusett]] tribe, ''Massachusite'', championed by the early English [[Boston Brahmin|Brahmins]], ''Massachusettsian'', by analogy with other state demonyms, and ''Masshole'', originally derogatory.</ref> | |||
*[[North Macedonia]] → Macedonians | |||
*[[Nunavut]] → Nunavummiut, Nunavummiuq (sing.) | |||
*[[Minas Gerais]] → Mineiros | |||
*[[Rio Grande do Sul]] → [[Gaúcho]]s | |||
*[[Rio de Janeiro]] → [[Carioca]]s | |||
*[[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] → Paulistas | |||
*[[Shropshire]] → Salopian | |||
*[[Tierra Caliente (Mexico)|Tierra Caliente]] → Calentano, Calentana, Guache, Guacha, Huache, Huacha | |||
*[[Uruguay]] → Orientales | |||
*[[Valparaíso]] → [[Porteños]] | |||
===Informal=== | |||
*[[Australia]] → [[Aussie]] | |||
*[[Birmingham, England]] → Brummie | |||
*[[Brisbane, Australia]] → Brisvegan, Brisbogan | |||
*[[Canada]] → [[Canuck]] | |||
*[[Cardiff]] → Taffs | |||
*[[Hartlepool, England]] → [[Monkey hanger]] | |||
*[[Jersey]] → [[Jèrriais]] (adjectival), Jerseyman (demonym) | |||
*[[Kansas]] → [[Jayhawker]] | |||
*[[Liverpool, England]] → Scouser, Liverpudlian | |||
*[[London, England]] → [[Cockney]] (Specifically: One hailing from East London, England) | |||
*[[Mexico]] - [[Aztec]]a<ref>https://www.sinonimosgratis.com/mexicanos</ref> | |||
*[[Middlesbrough, England]] → [[Smoggie]] | |||
*[[Newcastle, New South Wales|Newcastle]], [[Australia]] → Novocastrian | |||
*[[Newcastle upon Tyne, England]] → [[Geordie]] | |||
*[[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland, Canada]] → [[Newfie]] | |||
*[[New Zealand]] → [[Kiwi (people)|Kiwi]] | |||
*[[North Carolina]] → [[Tar Heel]] | |||
*[[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]], [[United States]] → [[Yinzer]] | |||
*[[Peru]] - [[Inca]] (also Perulero) | |||
*[[Puerto Rico]] → [[Boricua]] (from Taino Arawak "Boriken" Land of brave people) | |||
*[[South Australia]] → Croweater | |||
*[[City of Sunderland|Sunderland, England]] → [[Mackem]] | |||
*[[Sweden]] → Swede | |||
*[[Sydney, Australia]] → Sydneysider | |||
*[[Ohio]] → Buckeye | |||
*[[Oklahoma]] → [[Okie]], [[Sooner]] | |||
*[[Oldham, England]] → Yonner | |||
*[[Tasmania]] → Taswegian<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/history-culture/2013/05/slang-what-aussies-call-other-aussies|title=Slang: What Aussies call other Aussies|work=Australian Geographic|access-date=2018-07-03|language=en}}</ref> | |||
*[[Wisconsin]] → [[Cheesehead]] | |||
==Demonyms and ethnonyms== | |||
{{main|Ethnonyms}} | |||
Since names of places, regions and countries ([[toponyms]]) are [[morphology (linguistics)|morphologically]] often related to names of ethnic groups ([[ethnonyms]]), various ethnonyms may have similar, but not always identical, forms as terms for general population of those places, regions or countries (demonyms). | |||
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em| | |||
*[[Abkhazia]] → Abkhazians, Abkhaz | |||
*[[Afghanistan]] → Afghans | |||
*[[Albania]] → Albanians | |||
*[[Arab League]] → Arabs | |||
*[[Azerbaijan]] → Azerbaijanis, Azeris | |||
*[[Bengal]] → Bengali (also "''Bengalese''") | |||
*[[Bulgaria]] → Bulgarians | |||
*[[Chechnya]] → Chechens | |||
*[[China]] → Chinese | |||
*[[Croatia]] → Croats | |||
*[[Czech Republic]] → Czechs | |||
*[[Denmark]] → Danes | |||
*[[Egypt]] → Egyptians | |||
*[[England]] → English | |||
*[[Eswatini|Eswatini (Swaziland)]] → Swazis, Swatis | |||
*[[Finland]] → [[Finns|Finn]] | |||
*[[Flanders]] → Flemings | |||
*[[France]] → French | |||
*[[Hayastan]] → Hayastani (also "''Armenians''") | |||
*[[Hungary]] → Hungarians, Magyars | |||
*[[Indonesia]] → Indonesians | |||
*[[Ingushetia]] → Ingushians | |||
*[[Iran]] → Iranians, Persians | |||
*[[Ireland]] → Irish | |||
*[[Israel]] → Israeli | |||
*[[Jersey]] → Jerseymen, Jerseywomen | |||
*[[Kalmykia]] → Kalmyks | |||
*[[Kazakhstan]] → Kazakhs | |||
*[[KwaZulu]] → Zulus | |||
*[[Kurdistan]] → Kurds | |||
*[[Kumaon division| Kumaon]] → Kumaonis, Kumaiye | |||
*[[Kyrgyzstan]] → Kyrgyzs | |||
*[[Sápmi|Lapland]] → Lapps | |||
*[[Madagascar]] → Malagasys | |||
*[[Malta]] → Maltese | |||
*[[Mongolia]] → Mongols | |||
*[[Montenegro]] → Montenegrins | |||
*[[Morocco]] → Moroccans | |||
*[[Netherlands]] → Dutch | |||
*[[New Zealand]] → Kiwis | |||
*[[Odisha]] → Odias | |||
*[[Philippines]] → Filipinos | |||
*[[Poland]] → Poles | |||
*[[Scotland]] → Scots | |||
*[[Serbia]] → Serbs | |||
*[[Sorbia (region)|Sorbia]] → Sorbs | |||
*[[Slovakia]] → Slovaks | |||
*[[Slovenia]] → Slovenes | |||
*[[Somalia]] → Somalis | |||
*[[Spain]] → Spanish | |||
*[[Sweden]] → Swedes | |||
*[[Tajikistan]] → Tajiks | |||
*[[Tamil Nadu]] → Tamils | |||
*[[Tatarstan]] →Tatars | |||
*[[Thailand]] → Thais | |||
*[[Turkey]] → Turkish | |||
*[[Turkmenistan]] → Turkmens | |||
*[[Ulster]] → Ulstermen | |||
*[[United States of America]] → Americans | |||
*[[Uzbekistan]] → Uzbeks | |||
*[[Wales]] → Welsh people | |||
}} | |||
==Fiction== | |||
Literature and science fiction have created a wealth of gentilics that are not directly associated with a cultural group. These will typically be formed using the standard models above. Examples include ''[[Martian]]'' for hypothetical people of [[Mars]] (credited to scientist [[Percival Lowell]]), ''Gondorian'' for the people of [[Tolkien]]'s fictional land of [[Gondor]], and ''Atlantean'' for [[Plato]]'s island [[Atlantis]]. | |||
Other science fiction examples include ''[[Jovian (fiction)|Jovian]]'' for those of [[Jupiter]] or its moons and ''[[Venusians|Venusian]]'' for those of [[Venus]]. Fictional aliens refer to the inhabitants of Earth as ''[[Earthling (science fiction)|Earthling]]'' (from the [[diminutive]] ''-ling'', ultimately from [[Old English]] ''-ing'' meaning "descendant"), as well as ''[[wikt:Terran|Terran]]'', ''Terrene'', ''Tellurian'', ''Earther'', ''Earthican'', ''Terrestrial'', and ''Solarian'' (from ''Sol'', the sun). | |||
Fantasy literature which involves other worlds or other lands also has a rich supply of gentilics. Examples include ''Lilliputians'' and ''Brobdingnagians'', from the islands of [[Lilliput and Blefuscu|Lilliput]] and [[Brobdingnag]] in the satire ''[[Gulliver's Travels]]''. | |||
In a few cases, where a linguistic background has been [[Constructed language|constructed]], non-standard gentilics are formed (or the eponyms back-formed). Examples include Tolkien's ''[[Rohirrim]]'' (from [[Rohan (Middle-earth)|Rohan]]) and the ''[[Star Trek]]'' franchise's ''[[Klingon]]s'' (with various names for their homeworld). | |||
==Notes== | |||
{{notelist}} | |||
{| style="margin-left:28px; line-height:150%; font-size:100%;" | |||
|align="right" valign="top"|a. | |||
|{{note|status}}{{Kosovo-note}} | |||
|} | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Demonyms| ]] | |||
[[Category:Semantics]] | |||
[[Category:Types of words]] | |||