Tiruchirapalli: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "{{About|the city in Tamil Nadu, India|}} {{featured article}} {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}} <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities for details --> {{Infobox settlement | name = Tiruchirappalli | native_name = <!--Do not add Tamil or any other Indic-language script here per MOS:IS--> | other_name = Trichy, Tiruchi | settlement_type = Metropolis | image_s...")
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| population_total        = 916,857 <ref>{{Cite web|URL=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=733053| title= Tiruchirapalli population in 2011 - Census India 2011}}</ref>
| population_total        = 916,857 <ref>{{Cite web|URL=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=733053| title= Tiruchirapalli population in 2011 - Census India 2011}}</ref>
| population_rank          = [[List of most populous cities in India|52nd]] <br />
| population_rank          = [[List of most populous cities in India|52nd]] <br />
[[List of cities in Tamil Nadu by population|4th in Tamil Nadu]]
[[List of cities in Tamil Nadu by population|6th in Tamil Nadu]]
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_footnotes    = {{efn|name=expansion}}
| population_footnotes    = {{efn|name=expansion}}
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A major road and railway hub in the state, the city is served by the [[Tiruchirappalli International Airport]] (TRZ) which operates flights to the [[Middle East]] and [[Southeast Asia]].
A major road and railway hub in the state, the city is served by the [[Tiruchirappalli International Airport]] (TRZ) which operates flights to the [[Middle East]] and [[Southeast Asia]].
== Etymology ==
Historically, Tiruchirappalli was commonly referred to in English as "Trichinopoly".{{Sfn|Jaques|2007|p=1025}} The shortened forms "Trichy" or "Tiruchi" are used in everyday speech and the full name Tiruchirapalli appears in official use by government and quasi-government offices but seldom used by the general public.{{Sfn|Brayley-Hodgetts|2008|p=216}}{{Sfn|Ludden|2004|p=178}}
According to the late scholar [[C. P. Brown]], Tiruchirappalli might be a derivative of the word ''Chiruta-palli'' (lit. "little town").{{Sfn|Hemingway|1907|p=2}}{{Sfn|Yule|Burnell|1903|p=938}} [[Orientalists]] [[Henry Yule]] and [[Arthur Coke Burnell]] have speculated that the name may derive from a rock inscription carved in the 16th century in which Tiruchirappalli is written as ''Tiru-ssila-palli'', meaning "holy-rock-town" in [[Tamil language|Tamil]].{{Sfn|Hemingway|1907|p=2}}{{Sfn|Yule|Burnell|1903|p=938}} Other scholars have suggested that the name Tiruchirappalli is a rewording of ''Tiru-chinna-palli'', meaning "holy little town".{{Sfn|Hemingway|1907|p=2}}{{Sfn|Yule|Burnell|1903|p=938}} The ''Madras Glossary'' gives the root as ''Tiruććināppalli'' or the "holy (''tiru'') village (''palli'') of the ''shina'' (''[[Cissampelos pareira]]'') plant".{{Sfn|Yule|Burnell|1903|p=938}}
According to [[Hindu mythology]], Tiruchirappalli derives its name from the three-headed demon ''Trishira'', who [[Tapas (Sanskrit)|meditated]] on the Hindu god [[Shiva]] near the present-day city to obtain favours from the god.{{Sfn|Hemingway|1907|p=2}} An alternative derivation, albeit not universally accepted,{{Sfn|Hemingway|1907|p=2}} is that the source of the city's name is the [[Sanskrit]] word "Trishirapuram"—''[[Trishira]]'', meaning "three-headed", and ''palli'' or ''puram'' meaning "city".{{Sfn|Hemingway|1907|p=2}}{{Sfn|Yule|Burnell|1903|p=938}}

Revision as of 14:59, 11 February 2022

This article is about the city in Tamil Nadu, India. For other uses, see Tiruchirapalli (disambiguation).

Tiruchirappalli
Trichy, Tiruchi
Metropolis
0px
Clockwise from top: Tiruchirapalli Rock Fort, Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam, Tiruchirappalli Junction, Mukkombu, Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval, and ELCOT IT Park Trichy
Tiruchirappalli is located in India
Tiruchirappalli
Tiruchirappalli
Tiruchirappalli is located in Tamil Nadu
Tiruchirappalli
Tiruchirappalli
Coordinates: 10°48′18″N 78°41′08″E / 10.80500°N 78.68556°E / 10.80500; 78.68556Coordinates: 10°48′18″N 78°41′08″E / 10.80500°N 78.68556°E / 10.80500; 78.68556
Country India
StateTamil Nadu
DistrictTiruchirapalli
ZoneCentral
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyTiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation
 • Member of ParliamentSu. Thirunavukkarasar
Area
 • Metropolis167.23 km2 (64.57 sq mi)
 • Metro
211.51 km2 (81.66 sq mi)
 • Rank4
Elevation
88 m (289 ft)
Population
 (2011)[lower-alpha 1]
 • Metropolis916,857 [1]
 • Rank52nd
6th in Tamil Nadu
 • Metro
[2]
1,022,518
 • Metro rank
52nd
DemonymTiruchiite
Languages
 • OfficialTamil
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
620 xxx
Telephone code0431
Vehicle registrationTN-45, TN-48, TN-81, TN-81A
WebsiteTrichy City Municipal Corporation

Tiruchirappalli[lower-alpha 2] (About this soundpronunciation (help·info)) (formerly Trichinopoly in English), also called Tiruchi or Trichy, is a major tier II city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Tiruchirappalli district. The city is credited with being the best livable city[7] and the cleanest city of Tamil Nadu, as well as the fifth safest city for women in India.[8] It is the fourth largest city as well as the fourth largest urban agglomeration in the state. Located 322 kilometres (200 mi) south of Chennai and 374 kilometres (232 mi) north of Kanyakumari, Tiruchirappalli sits almost at the geographic centre of Tamil Nadu state. The Cauvery Delta begins 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the city where the Kaveri river splits into two, forming the island of Srirangam which is now incorporated into the Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation. The city occupies an area of 167.23 square kilometres (64.57 sq mi) and had a population of 916,857 in 2011.[lower-alpha 1]

Tiruchirappalli's recorded history begins in the 3rd century BC, when it was under the rule of the Cholas. The city has also been ruled by the Pallavas, Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Nayak Dynasty, the Carnatic state and the British. The most prominent historical monuments in Tiruchirappalli include the Rockfort at Teppakulam, the Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam and the Jambukeswarar temple at Thiruvanaikaval. The archaeologically important town of Uraiyur, capital of the Early Cholas, is now a neighbourhood in Tiruchirappalli. The city played a critical role in the Carnatic Wars (1746–1763) between the British and the French East India companies.

The city is an important educational centre in the state of Tamil Nadu, and houses nationally recognised institutions such as National Institutes of Technology (NIT), Indian Institutes of Management (IIM) National Law Universities (NLU), and Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIIT) Srirangam. Industrial units such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Golden Rock Railway Workshop, Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli (OFT) and High Energy Projectile Factory (HEPF) have their factories in the city. The presence of a large number of energy equipment manufacturing units in and around the city has earned it the title of "Energy Equipment and Fabrication Capital of India". Tiruchirappalli is internationally known for a brand of cheroot known as the Trichinopoly cigar, which was exported in large quantities to the United Kingdom during the 19th century.

A major road and railway hub in the state, the city is served by the Tiruchirappalli International Airport (TRZ) which operates flights to the Middle East and Southeast Asia.

Etymology

Historically, Tiruchirappalli was commonly referred to in English as "Trichinopoly".[11] The shortened forms "Trichy" or "Tiruchi" are used in everyday speech and the full name Tiruchirapalli appears in official use by government and quasi-government offices but seldom used by the general public.[12][13]

According to the late scholar C. P. Brown, Tiruchirappalli might be a derivative of the word Chiruta-palli (lit. "little town").[14][15] Orientalists Henry Yule and Arthur Coke Burnell have speculated that the name may derive from a rock inscription carved in the 16th century in which Tiruchirappalli is written as Tiru-ssila-palli, meaning "holy-rock-town" in Tamil.[14][15] Other scholars have suggested that the name Tiruchirappalli is a rewording of Tiru-chinna-palli, meaning "holy little town".[14][15] The Madras Glossary gives the root as Tiruććināppalli or the "holy (tiru) village (palli) of the shina (Cissampelos pareira) plant".[15]

According to Hindu mythology, Tiruchirappalli derives its name from the three-headed demon Trishira, who meditated on the Hindu god Shiva near the present-day city to obtain favours from the god.[14] An alternative derivation, albeit not universally accepted,[14] is that the source of the city's name is the Sanskrit word "Trishirapuram"—Trishira, meaning "three-headed", and palli or puram meaning "city".[14][15]

  1. ↑ "Tiruchirapalli population in 2011 - Census India 2011".
  2. ↑ "Primary Census Abstract – Urban Agglomeration". Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original (XLS) on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
  3. ↑ "Welcome to Tiruchirappalli city ... The RockFort City!". Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original on 18 December 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
  4. ↑ Baliga 1999, p. 993.
  5. ↑ Kuppuram 1988, p. 101.
  6. ↑ Sharma, Om Parkash (1989). Directory of Cities and Towns in India (Dy. Dir. of Census Operations). Kar Kripa Publishers. p. 116. ISBN 978-81-85414-00-3. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  7. ↑ Karthik, Deepak (13 August 2018). "Trichy ranked 12th in liveable cities ranking, best in Tamil Nadu". Times of India. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  8. ↑ "Live Chennai: The safest cities for women in India: Chennai & Coimbatore,safest cities for women in India,Chennai,Coimbatore". www.livechennai.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CMA
  10. ↑ "Search PCA Data by District/SubDistrict/Town/Village Name: Tiruchirappalli (M Corp.)". Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  11. ↑ Jaques 2007, p. 1025.
  12. ↑ Brayley-Hodgetts 2008, p. 216.
  13. ↑ Ludden 2004, p. 178.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 Hemingway 1907, p. 2.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Yule & Burnell 1903, p. 938.


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