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{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}} | {{EngvarB|date=September 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}} | ||
{{Infobox Bishop | {{Infobox Bishop | ||
| name = | | name = Mar Thoma II | ||
| honorific-suffix = | | honorific-suffix = | ||
| bishop_of = [[Malankara Church]] | | bishop_of = [[Malankara Church]] | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| enthroned = 1670 | | enthroned = 1670 | ||
| ended = 1686 | | ended = 1686 | ||
| predecessor = [[Mar Thoma I]] | | predecessor = [[Thoma I| Mar Thoma I]] | ||
| successor = [[Mar Thoma III]] | | successor = [[Thoma III|Mar Thoma III]] | ||
| birth_name = | | birth_name = | ||
| birth_date = | | birth_date = | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
| signature = | | signature = | ||
}} | }} | ||
''' | '''Mar Thoma II''' was the second Malankara Metropolitan of the Malankara Syrian Church from 1670 to 1686. | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
On the South Western coast of [[India]] lies a small state known as [[Kerala]]. It was here in the first century, [[Thomas the Apostle]] arrived to preach the [[gospel]] to the Jewish community. Some of the Jews and locals became followers of Jesus of [[Nazareth]]. They were known as [[Syrian Malabar Nasrani|Malabar Nasrani]] people and their church as Malankara Church. They followed a unique [[Hebrew]]-[[Syriac Christianity|Syriac Christian]] tradition which included several Jewish elements and Indian customs. | On the South Western coast of [[India]] lies a small state known as [[Kerala]]. It was here in the first century, [[Thomas the Apostle]] arrived to preach the [[gospel]] to the Jewish community. Some of the Jews and locals became followers of Jesus of [[Nazareth]]. They were known as [[Syrian Malabar Nasrani|Malabar Nasrani]] people and their church as Malankara Church. They followed a unique [[Hebrew]]-[[Syriac Christianity|Syriac Christian]] tradition which included several Jewish elements and Indian customs. | ||
The Malayalam versions of the Canons of the [[Synod of Diamper]]<ref>Five of the Malayalam versions were available in 1952.</ref> use these titles throughout the report except in three places where they use the Latin word ''archidiaconus''.<ref>Daniel, K. N. Canons of the Synod of Diamper, prepared using five of the available Malayalam versions.</ref><ref>Antonio de Gouvea (1606) ''Jornada do Arcebispo [[Aleixo de Menezes]] quando foy as Serra do Malaubar''.</ref> | |||
The Malayalam versions of the Canons of the [[Synod of Diamper]]<ref>Five of the Malayalam versions were available in 1952.</ref> use these titles throughout the report except in three places where they use the Latin word ''archidiaconus''.<ref>Daniel, K. N. Canons of the Synod of Diamper, prepared using five of the available Malayalam versions.</ref><ref>Antonio de Gouvea (1606) ''Jornada do Arcebispo [[Aleixo de Menezes]] quando foy as Serra do Malaubar''.</ref> | |||
After the great swearing in 1653 it became necessary to appoint a bishop | After the great swearing in 1653 it became necessary to appoint a bishop | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
[[Kadamattom]] is a town located in the [[Ernakulam ]] district of [[Kerala]], [[South India]]. The town is situated in the [[Kunnathunad]] Taluk, about {{convert|22|km|0|abbr=on}} east of [[Ernakulam]]. [[ | [[Kadamattom]] is a town located in the [[Ernakulam ]] district of [[Kerala]], [[South India]]. The town is situated in the [[Kunnathunad]] Taluk, about {{convert|22|km|0|abbr=on}} east of [[Ernakulam]]. [[Pakalomattom family]] was one of the oldest families at [[Kadamattom]]. The second Mar Thoma was born at this family. | ||
==Consecration== | ==Consecration== | ||
The leaders of the | The leaders of the Puthenkoor Malankara Syrian Church selected a nephew (brother's son) of [[Thoma I]] as his successor. He was consecrated by [[Thoma I]] and the Antiochean patriarchal delegate [[Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]] who was the archbishop of Jerusalem. He was the second Thoma who ascended the throne of Malankara Syrian church. When [[Thoma I]] died on 25 April 1670 Mar Thoma II, took charge of the Church. | ||
==Visits by foreign bishops== | ==Visits by foreign bishops== | ||
Four foreign bishops from [[Syria]] arrived in [[Kerala]] during his lifetime. Travel from one country to another was considerably difficult at the time, and this none of them were able to return to their home land. While they were there in Kerala, they were able to do little else besides teaching Syriac and consecrating bishops, if they were invited. People called them ''Muthappen'' (elder father). | Four foreign bishops from [[Syria]] arrived in [[Kerala]] during his lifetime. Travel from one country to another was considerably difficult at the time, and this none of them were able to return to their home land. While they were there in Kerala, they were able to do little else besides teaching Syriac and consecrating bishops, if they were invited. People called them ''Muthappen'' (elder father). | ||
[[ | [[Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]], of [[Antioch]] who arrived in [[Kerala]] in 1665, was the Syriac Orthodox Metropolitan of [[Jerusalem]]. He was the one who consecrated Thoma I. After the consecration of Thoma II, he spent a retired life. He died on 27 April 1671 or 1681 and was laid to rest at St. Thomas Church, [[North Paravur]]. | ||
''Mar Anthraos'' and three of his brothers from the Middle East arrived at the [[Mulanthuruthy]] church in 1678. Later on they moved to various churches and arrived at [[St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Puthencavu]] (near [[Chengannur]]). On 29 February 1692 while visiting Kallada, he went to the nearby river and was drowned. Two of his brothers went back to [[Mulanthuruthy]] and raised families there. Descendants of one of them later established the [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]].<ref>Souvenir published by Puthencavu St.Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, pp. 209–211.</ref> | ''Mar Anthraos'' and three of his brothers from the Middle East arrived at the [[Mulanthuruthy]] church in 1678. Later on they moved to various churches and arrived at [[St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, Puthencavu]] (near [[Chengannur]]). On 29 February 1692 while visiting Kallada, he went to the nearby river and was drowned. Two of his brothers went back to [[Mulanthuruthy]] and raised families there. Descendants of one of them later established the [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]].<ref>Souvenir published by Puthencavu St.Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, pp. 209–211.</ref> | ||
[[Eldho Mor Baselios]] and | [[Eldho Mor Baselios]] and Ivanios Episcopa arrived at [[Kothamangalam]] on 14 September 1685. Soon after the arrival Baselious raised Ivanios as Metropolitan (archbishop) with the title Ivanios Hidayatulla. Two weeks later, on 29 September 1685, Baselious died and was buried at [[Marthoma Cheriapally Kothamangalam]]. He is venerated as a great saint and celebrations are held annually in many churches in Malankara. | ||
'' | ''Ivanios Hidayuttulla'' who came with [[Baselios Yeldo]] Maphriyano, was consecrated as metropolitan in September 1685. He consecrated [[Mar Thoma III]] and [[Thoma IV]]. He died on 13 August 1693 and was buried at [[Mulanthuruthy Marthoman Church]]. | ||
==Church administration== | ==Church administration== | ||
[[Synod of Diamper]] was held in 1599. By the time of Mar Thoma II, became the Metropolitan of malankara in 1670, many | [[Synod of Diamper]] was held in 1599. By the time of Mar Thoma II, became the Metropolitan of malankara in 1670, many West Syriac practices were introduced into [[Malankara Syrian Church]]. The use of western calendar, baptismal fonts and having pulpits are some of them. During his time priests were encouraged to marry. | ||
==Last days== | ==Last days== | ||