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Asaf Jahi dynasty: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{Short description|Muslim dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Hyderabad from 1734 to 1948}} | ||
{{ | {{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} | ||
{{Infobox royal house | {{Infobox royal house | ||
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| styles = [[His Exalted Highness]] | | styles = [[His Exalted Highness]] | ||
| residence = [[Chowmahalla Palace]] | | residence = [[Chowmahalla Palace]] | ||
| appointer = | | appointer = | ||
| founding_year = 31 July 1734 | | founding_year = 31 July 1734 | ||
| deposition = 17 September 1948 | | deposition = 17 September 1948 | ||
| pretender = | | pretender = | ||
| religion = [[Islam]] | | religion = [[Islam]] | ||
| ethnicity = [[Indian Muslim]] | | ethnicity = [[Indian Muslim]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Asaf Jahi''' was a dynasty | The '''Asaf Jahi''' was a Muslim dynasty that ruled the [[Kingdom of Hyderabad]]. The family came to [[Indian subcontinent|India]] in the late 17th century and became employees of the [[Mughal Empire]]. As the Mughals, of [[Turco-Mongol]] origin, were great patrons of [[Persianate society|Persian culture]], language, and literature, the family found a ready patronage. | ||
The dynasty was founded by [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Mir Qamar-ud-Din Siddiqi]], a [[Viceroy of the Deccan]]—(administrator of six Mughal governorates) under the [[Mughals|Mughal emperors]] from 1713 to 1721. He intermittently ruled after [[Aurangzeb|Aurangzeb's]] death in 1707 and under the title Asaf Jah in 1724. The Mughal Empire crumbled and the Viceroy of the Deccan, Asaf Jah I, declared himself independent, whose domain extend from the [[Narmada river]] in the North to [[Trichinopoly]] in the South and [[Masulipatnam]] in the east to [[Bijapur]] in the west.<ref>{{cite news|title=Celebrating a long gone Hyderabad|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/op-ed/181016/celebrating-a-long-gone-hyderabad.html|last=Gurusamy|first=Mohan|newspaper=[[The Deccan Chronicle]]|date=18 October 2016|accessdate=5 July 2021}}</ref> | The dynasty was founded by [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Mir Qamar-ud-Din Siddiqi]], a [[Viceroy of the Deccan]]—(administrator of six Mughal governorates) under the [[Mughals|Mughal emperors]] from 1713 to 1721. He intermittently ruled after [[Aurangzeb|Aurangzeb's]] death in 1707 and under the title Asaf Jah in 1724. The Mughal Empire crumbled and the Viceroy of the Deccan, Asaf Jah I, declared himself independent, whose domain extend from the [[Narmada river]] in the North to [[Trichinopoly]] in the South and [[Masulipatnam]] in the east to [[Bijapur]] in the west.<ref>{{cite news|title=Celebrating a long gone Hyderabad|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/op-ed/181016/celebrating-a-long-gone-hyderabad.html|last=Gurusamy|first=Mohan|newspaper=[[The Deccan Chronicle]]|date=18 October 2016|accessdate=5 July 2021}}</ref> | ||
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On 30 January 1687 during the siege of [[Golconda]] while leading the Imperial armies against the Qutb Shahi King, Qalich Khan died when he was struck fatally by a cannonball. | On 30 January 1687 during the siege of [[Golconda]] while leading the Imperial armies against the Qutb Shahi King, Qalich Khan died when he was struck fatally by a cannonball. | ||
Qalich Khan was survived by five sons, and his eldest son Shahabuddin Khan, entitled Ghaziuddin Khan Feroz Jung, earned the position of highest distinction in the Mughal Court. He married Safia Khanum, daughter of Saadullah Khan, the famous Prime Minister of Shah Jehan, and by her had a son named Qamaruddin, who later became the celebrated [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Nizam-ul-Mulk]], the founder of the Asaf Jahi Dynasty. | Qalich Khan was survived by five sons, and his eldest son Shahabuddin Khan, entitled Ghaziuddin Khan Feroz Jung, earned the position of highest distinction in the Mughal Court. He married Safia Khanum, daughter of [[Saadullah Khan (Mughal Empire)|Saadullah Khan]], the famous Prime Minister of Shah Jehan, and by her had a son named Qamaruddin, who later became the celebrated [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Nizam-ul-Mulk]], the founder of the Asaf Jahi Dynasty. | ||
==Asaf Jah I== | ==Asaf Jah I== | ||
{{Main|Asaf Jah I}} | {{Main|Asaf Jah I}} | ||
[[File:Asaf Jah I.jpg|right|thumb|[[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Qamaruddin Khan,Asaf Jah I]]]] | [[File:Asaf Jah I.jpg|right|thumb|[[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Qamaruddin Khan, Asaf Jah I]]]] | ||
The founder of this dynasty was [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asif Jah I|Mir Qamaruddin Khan]], a noble and a courtier of the Mughal [[Muhammad Shah]], who negotiated for a peace treaty with Nadirshah, the Iranian invader; got disgusted with the intrigues that prevailed in [[Delhi]]. He was on his way back to the Deccan, where, earlier he was a [[Subedar]]. But he had to confront [[Mubariz Khan]], as a result of a plot by the Mughal emperor to kill the former. Mubariz Khan failed in his attempt and he was himself slain. This one on one took place in AD 1724, and henceforth Mir Qamaruddin, who assumed the title of [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Nizam-ul-Mulk]], conducted himself as an independent ruler. Earlier, while he was one of the Ministers of the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah, the latter conferred on him the title of Asaf Jah. Thus begins the Asaf Jahi rule over Golconda with the capital at [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hydonline.com/cityscape/history/nizams.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070416073722/http://www.hydonline.com/cityscape/history/nizams.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2007-04-16 | title=Nizams}}</ref> | The founder of this dynasty was [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asif Jah I|Mir Qamaruddin Khan]], a noble and a courtier of the Mughal [[Muhammad Shah]], who negotiated for a peace treaty with Nadirshah, the Iranian invader; got disgusted with the intrigues that prevailed in [[Delhi]]. He was on his way back to the Deccan, where, earlier he was a [[Subedar]]. But he had to confront [[Mubariz Khan]], as a result of a plot by the Mughal emperor to kill the former. Mubariz Khan failed in his attempt and he was himself slain. This one on one took place in AD 1724, and henceforth Mir Qamaruddin, who assumed the title of [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Nizam-ul-Mulk]], conducted himself as an independent ruler. Earlier, while he was one of the Ministers of the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah, the latter conferred on him the title of Asaf Jah. Thus begins the Asaf Jahi rule over Golconda with the capital at [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hydonline.com/cityscape/history/nizams.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070416073722/http://www.hydonline.com/cityscape/history/nizams.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2007-04-16 | title=Nizams}}</ref> | ||
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==Asaf Jah VII== | ==Asaf Jah VII== | ||
{{Main|Asaf Jah VII}} | {{Main|Asaf Jah VII}} | ||
[[Mir Osman Ali Khan]] was born in Hyderabad on 5 April 1886 at Purani Haveli. Since he was the heir-apparent, great attention was paid to his education, and eminent scholars were engaged to teach him English, Urdu, Persian. On 14 April 1906 he was married to Dulhan Pasha Begum, daughter of Nawab Jahangir Jung, at Eden Bagh at the age 21.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nizam VII cared more for people than himself |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270518/nizam-vii-cared-more-for-people-than-himself.html|date=2018-05-26}}</ref> | [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]] was born in Hyderabad on 5 April 1886 at Purani Haveli. Since he was the heir-apparent, great attention was paid to his education, and eminent scholars were engaged to teach him [[English language|English]], [[Urdu]], [[Persian language|Persian]]. On 14 April 1906, he was married to Dulhan Pasha Begum, daughter of Nawab Jahangir Jung, at Eden Bagh, at the age 21.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nizam VII cared more for people than himself |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270518/nizam-vii-cared-more-for-people-than-himself.html|date=2018-05-26}}</ref> | ||
He is credited for various reforms in education and development and remembered for being a truly secular<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/nizam-hyderabad-mir-osman-ali-khan-was-perfect-secular-ruler-812716/ | title=Nizam Hyderabad Mir Osman Ali Khan was a perfect secular ruler| date=2015-08-13}}</ref> King by giving yearly donations to various temples.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nizam gave funding for temples, and Hindu educational institutions |url=http://missiontelangana.com/nizam-gave-funding-for-temples-and-hindu-educational-institutions/ |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708074635/http://missiontelangana.com/nizam-gave-funding-for-temples-and-hindu-educational-institutions/ |archive-date=8 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He made large donations to educational institutions in India and abroad | He is credited for various reforms in education and development and remembered for being a truly secular<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/nizam-hyderabad-mir-osman-ali-khan-was-perfect-secular-ruler-812716/ | title=Nizam Hyderabad Mir Osman Ali Khan was a perfect secular ruler| date=2015-08-13}}</ref> King by giving yearly donations to various temples.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nizam gave funding for temples, and Hindu educational institutions |url=http://missiontelangana.com/nizam-gave-funding-for-temples-and-hindu-educational-institutions/ |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708074635/http://missiontelangana.com/nizam-gave-funding-for-temples-and-hindu-educational-institutions/ |archive-date=8 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He made large donations to educational institutions in India and abroad. He donated Rs 10 Lakh to the [[Banaras Hindu University]] and Rs 5 Lakh to the [[Aligarh Muslim University]].{{cn|date=July 2021}} | ||
He set up the [[Osmania University]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/osmania-university-first-to-teach-in-blend-of-urdu-amp-english/articleshow/57366802.cms | title=Osmania University first to teach in blend of Urdu & English - Times of India}}</ref> [[Osmania General Hospital]], [[Osmania Medical College]], [[State Bank of Hyderabad]], South India's first airport -the [[Begumpet Airport]], [[Nizamia Observatory]], [[Government Nizamia General Hospital]], etc.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://telanganatoday.com/reminiscing-seventh-nizam-enormous-contribution-education | title=Reminiscing the seventh Nizam's enormous contribution to education}}</ref> | He set up the [[Osmania University]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/osmania-university-first-to-teach-in-blend-of-urdu-amp-english/articleshow/57366802.cms | title=Osmania University first to teach in blend of Urdu & English - Times of India}}</ref> [[Osmania General Hospital]], [[Osmania Medical College]], [[State Bank of Hyderabad]], South India's first airport -the [[Begumpet Airport]], [[Nizamia Observatory]], [[Government Nizamia General Hospital]], etc.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://telanganatoday.com/reminiscing-seventh-nizam-enormous-contribution-education | title=Reminiscing the seventh Nizam's enormous contribution to education}}</ref> | ||
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* [[Azam Jah]], Prince of [[Berar Province|Berar]], [[GCIE]], [[Knight Grand Cross of the British Empire|GBE]], [[Meritorious Service Medal (United Kingdom)|MSM]] (21 February 1907 – 9 October 1970). Granted the title of ''His Highness the Prince of Berar'' (13 November 1936). Passed over in the line of succession in 1967 in favour of his elder son. He had two sons, the elder [[Mukarram Jah]] and the younger [[Muffakham Jah]] | * [[Azam Jah]], Prince of [[Berar Province|Berar]], [[GCIE]], [[Knight Grand Cross of the British Empire|GBE]], [[Meritorious Service Medal (United Kingdom)|MSM]] (21 February 1907 – 9 October 1970). Granted the title of ''His Highness the Prince of Berar'' (13 November 1936). Passed over in the line of succession in 1967 in favour of his elder son. He had two sons, the elder [[Mukarram Jah]] and the younger [[Muffakham Jah]] | ||
* [[Moazzam Jah]], second son of [[Asaf Jah VII]]. | * [[Moazzam Jah]], second son of [[Asaf Jah VII]]. | ||
* [[Mukarram Jah|Barkat Ali Khan Mukarram Jah, Asaf Jah VIII]], | * [[Mukarram Jah|Barkat Ali Khan Mukarram Jah, Asaf Jah VIII]], 8th (Titular) Nizam of Hyderabad (6 October 1933-). Succeeded his grandfather as titular monarch on 24 January 1967; titles abolished by the Indian Government on 28 December 1971. He has children that include two sons.{{cn|date=November 2021}} | ||
* [[Najaf Ali Khan]] - Grandson of 7th Nizam - known for being a [[Culture of Hyderabad|Hyderabad Heritage]] enthusiast, who has also criticized the [[Government of Telangana]] regarding the negligence of several [[Heritage structures in Hyderabad, India|heritage structures]] and hospitals built by the [[Mir Osman Ali Khan|7th Nizam]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/151016/a-treasure-lost-nizam-scion.html|title=A treasure lost: Nizam scion|date=2016-10-15|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2018-09-16|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/nizams-family-wants-hangar-collapse-probe/articleshow/64902501.cms|title=Nizam's family wants hangar collapse probe - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-09-16}}</ref> | |||
==Asaf Jahi Rulers Of Hyderabad== | ==Asaf Jahi Rulers Of Hyderabad== | ||
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| group5 = Nizams Dominion | | group5 = Nizams Dominion | ||
| list5= | | list5= | ||
* [[Hyderabad-Karnataka]] | * [[Kalyana-Karnataka|Hyderabad-Karnataka]] | ||
* [[Marathwada]] | * [[Marathwada]] | ||
* [[Medak Gulshanabad Division]] | * [[Medak Gulshanabad Division]] | ||
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* [[Sita Ramachandraswamy temple, Bhadrachalam]] | * [[Sita Ramachandraswamy temple, Bhadrachalam]] | ||
* [[Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, Yadadri|Yadagirigutta temple]] | * [[Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, Yadadri|Yadagirigutta temple]] | ||
}}{{Hyderabad topics}} | }} | ||
{{Hyderabad topics}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nizam Of Hyderabad}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Nizam Of Hyderabad}} | ||
[[Category:1724 establishments in India]] | |||
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]] | |||
[[Category:Asaf Jahi dynasty| ]] | [[Category:Asaf Jahi dynasty| ]] | ||
[[Category:Dynasties of India]] | [[Category:Dynasties of India]] | ||
[[Category:History of Telangana]] | [[Category:History of Telangana]] | ||
[[Category:People from Hyderabad State]] | |||
[[Category:Nawabs of India]] | |||
[[Category:Royal titles]] | |||
[[Category:Titles in India]] | [[Category:Titles in India]] | ||
[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]] | [[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]] | ||