.svg)
Kamala Nehru: Difference between revisions
imported>JJMC89 bot III m (Moving Category:Spouses of Prime Ministers of India to Category:Spouses of prime ministers of India per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2021 July 15#Category:Spouses of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom (etc.)) |
->APPU mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{short description|Indian independence activist}} | {{short description|Indian independence activist and the wife of Jawaharlal Nehru}} | ||
{{Cleanup|reason=requires correct style and needs referencing|date=May 2020}} | {{Cleanup|reason=requires correct style and needs referencing|date=May 2020}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | ||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
| name = | | name = | ||
| image = Kamala Nehru 4cr.jpg | | image = Kamala Nehru 4cr.jpg | ||
| caption = Undated photograph | |||
| alt = Kamala Kaul Nehru | | alt = Kamala Kaul Nehru | ||
| office = | | office = | ||
| Line 11: | Line 12: | ||
| term_end = | | term_end = | ||
| predecessor = | | predecessor = | ||
| successor = | | successor = | ||
| birth_name = Kamala Kaul | | birth_name = Kamala Kaul | ||
| birth_date = {{birth date|1899|08|01|df=y}} | | birth_date = {{birth date|1899|08|01|df=y}} | ||
| Line 19: | Line 20: | ||
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]|1916|1936}} | | spouse = {{marriage|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]|1916|1936}} | ||
| children = [[Indira Gandhi]] | | children = [[Indira Gandhi]] | ||
| parents = | |||
| religion = | |||
| family = [[Nehru–Gandhi family]] | |||
| relatives = [[Kailas Nath Kaul]] (brother) | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Kamala | '''Kamala Nehru''' ([[Née|''née'']] '''Kaul'''; {{audio|Kamla Nehru.ogg|pronunciation}}; 1st August 1899 – 28 February 1936) was an Indian independence activist and the wife of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], the first Prime Minister of [[India]]. Her daughter [[Indira Gandhi]] was the first female Prime Minister of India. | ||
== Early life and marriage == | == Early life and marriage == | ||
Kamala was born on 1 August 1899 to Rajpati and Jawahar Mull Atal-Kaul who were from a [[Kashmiri Pandit]] family of [[Old Delhi]].<ref name=Jayakar1995>{{cite book|last1=Jayakar|first1=Pupul|title=Indira Gandhi, a biography|date=1995|publisher=Penguin|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-0140114621|pages=9–11|edition=Rev.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm5JGkb2rhkC&q=%22kamala+marriage&pg=PR9}}</ref> She was the eldest child and had two brothers, Chand Bahadur Kaul and the botanist, [[Kailas Nath Kaul]], and a sister, Swaroop Kathju. | Kamala was born on 1 August 1899 to Rajpati and Jawahar Mull Atal-Kaul who were from a [[Kashmiri Pandit]] family of [[Old Delhi]].<ref name=Jayakar1995>{{cite book|last1=Jayakar|first1=Pupul|title=Indira Gandhi, a biography|date=1995|publisher=Penguin|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-0140114621|pages=9–11|edition=Rev.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm5JGkb2rhkC&q=%22kamala+marriage&pg=PR9}}</ref> She was the eldest child and had two brothers, Chand Bahadur Kaul and the botanist, [[Kailas Nath Kaul]], and a sister, Swaroop Kathju. | ||
== | [[File:Kamala and Jawaharlal Nehru 1916.jpg|thumb|Jawaharlal and Kamala Nehru on their wedding day, 8 February 1916]] | ||
Kamala was involved with | |||
Kamala married [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] at the age of 16.<ref name=Jayakar1995/> Her husband went to a trip in the [[Himalayas]] shortly after their marriage.<ref name=windsor/> In his autobiography, Jawaharlal Nehru, referring to his wife, stated "I almost overlooked her."<ref name=windsor>{{cite news|title=From years 1916 to 1964...The man and the times|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tzA_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=81AMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4355,5162968&dq=kamala+nehru&hl=en|access-date=19 January 2013|newspaper=The Windsor Star|date=27 May 1964}}</ref> Kamala gave birth to a girl child in November 1917, [[Indira Gandhi|Indira Priyadarshini]], who later succeeded her father as prime minister and head of the Congress party.<ref name=windsor/> | |||
== Harilal Gandhi Movement 1931 == | |||
Kamala was involved with Harilal Gandhi in the national movement, that she emerged into the forefront. In the Non Cooperation movement of 1931, she organized groups of women in [[Allahabad]] and picketed shops selling foreign cloth and liquor. When her husband was arrested to prevent him delivering a "seditious" public speech, she went in his place to read it out. The British soon realized the threat that Kamala Nehru posed to them and how popular she had become with women's groups all over India. She was thus arrested on two occasions for involvement in Independence struggle activities, along with [[Sarojini Naidu]], Nehru's mother and other women of the Indian freedom struggle.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nehru|first1=Jawaharlal|title=An Autobiography|date=26 January 1936|publisher=Bodley Head|location=London}}</ref><ref name="iloveindia1">{{cite web|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/kamala-nehru.html|title=Kamala Nehru Biography|publisher=Iloveindia|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref> During this period she started a dispensary in her house [[Swaraj Bhavan]], converting few rooms into a Congress Dispensary to treat wounded activists, their families, and other residents of Allahabad(now Prayagraj). After her death, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] with the help of other prominent leaders converted this dispensary into a proper hospital known as [[Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital]] in her memory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.knmhospital.org/legacy.aspx|title=KNMH : The Legacy|website=www.knmhospital.org}}</ref> | |||
Kamala Nehru spent some time at Gandhi's ashram with [[Kasturba Gandhi]] where she built a close friendship with [[Prabhavati Devi]] – the wife of freedom fighter [[Jayaprakash Narayan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jayakar|first1=Pupul|title=Indira Gandhi, a biography|date=1995|publisher=Penguin|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-0140114621|pages=90–92|edition=Rev.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm5JGkb2rhkC&q=padmaja&pg=PR9}}</ref> They were also freedom fighters for Indian freedom from the British. | Kamala Nehru spent some time at Gandhi's ashram with [[Kasturba Gandhi]] where she built a close friendship with [[Prabhavati Devi]] – the wife of freedom fighter [[Jayaprakash Narayan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jayakar|first1=Pupul|title=Indira Gandhi, a biography|date=1995|publisher=Penguin|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-0140114621|pages=90–92|edition=Rev.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm5JGkb2rhkC&q=padmaja&pg=PR9}}</ref> They were also freedom fighters for Indian freedom from the British. | ||
| Line 44: | Line 52: | ||
=== In popular culture === | === In popular culture === | ||
''Kamala Nehru'' is a 1986 Indian [[documentary film]] directed by Ashish Mukherjee. Produced by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Films Division of India|Films Division]] it provides an overview of her life and contributions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KAMALA NEHRU {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/kamala-nehru|access-date=2021-06-12|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref> | ''Kamala Kaul (Nehru) '' is a 1986 Indian [[documentary film]] directed by Ashish Mukherjee. Produced by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Films Division of India|Films Division]] it provides an overview of her life and contributions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KAMALA NEHRU {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/kamala-nehru|access-date=2021-06-12|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 22:24, 29 November 2021
 | This article may require cleanup to meet Bharatpedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: requires correct style and needs referencing (May 2020) |
Kamala Nehru | |
|---|---|
 Undated photograph | |
| Born | Kamala Kaul 1 August 1899 |
| Died | 28 February 1936 (aged 36) |
| Spouse(s) | ( m. 1916–1936) |
| Children | Indira Gandhi |
| Relatives | Kailas Nath Kaul (brother) |
| Family | Nehru–Gandhi family |
Kamala Nehru (née Kaul; 
pronunciation (help·info); 1st August 1899 – 28 February 1936) was an Indian independence activist and the wife of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. Her daughter Indira Gandhi was the first female Prime Minister of India.
Early life and marriage
Kamala was born on 1 August 1899 to Rajpati and Jawahar Mull Atal-Kaul who were from a Kashmiri Pandit family of Old Delhi.[1] She was the eldest child and had two brothers, Chand Bahadur Kaul and the botanist, Kailas Nath Kaul, and a sister, Swaroop Kathju.
Kamala married Jawaharlal Nehru at the age of 16.[1] Her husband went to a trip in the Himalayas shortly after their marriage.[2] In his autobiography, Jawaharlal Nehru, referring to his wife, stated "I almost overlooked her."[2] Kamala gave birth to a girl child in November 1917, Indira Priyadarshini, who later succeeded her father as prime minister and head of the Congress party.[2]
Harilal Gandhi Movement 1931
Kamala was involved with Harilal Gandhi in the national movement, that she emerged into the forefront. In the Non Cooperation movement of 1931, she organized groups of women in Allahabad and picketed shops selling foreign cloth and liquor. When her husband was arrested to prevent him delivering a "seditious" public speech, she went in his place to read it out. The British soon realized the threat that Kamala Nehru posed to them and how popular she had become with women's groups all over India. She was thus arrested on two occasions for involvement in Independence struggle activities, along with Sarojini Naidu, Nehru's mother and other women of the Indian freedom struggle.[3][4] During this period she started a dispensary in her house Swaraj Bhavan, converting few rooms into a Congress Dispensary to treat wounded activists, their families, and other residents of Allahabad(now Prayagraj). After her death, Mahatma Gandhi with the help of other prominent leaders converted this dispensary into a proper hospital known as Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital in her memory.[5]
Kamala Nehru spent some time at Gandhi's ashram with Kasturba Gandhi where she built a close friendship with Prabhavati Devi – the wife of freedom fighter Jayaprakash Narayan.[6] They were also freedom fighters for Indian freedom from the British.
Death
Kamala died from tuberculosis in Lausanne, Switzerland on 28 February 1936, with her daughter and mother-in-law by her side. During her last few years, Kamala was frequently ill and taken to a sanatorium in Switzerland for treatment, though she returned to India as she got well. In early 1935, as Kamala's health again deteriorated, she was taken to Badenweiler (Southern Germany) by Subhash Chandra Bose and admitted to a sanatorium for treatment. Her husband (Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru) was in prison in India at that time. As her health worsened, Nehru was released from prison and rushed to Germany in October 1935. While Kamala's health improved initially, it started to deteriorate again in 1936, and she died in February. In the prologue to his autobiography, in a chapter added after Kamala's death, Nehru recounts that he was devastated and remained mourning for a few months.[7]
Legacy
A number of institutions in India, such as Kamala Nehru Memorial Hospital & Regional Cancer Centre, Kamla Nehru Prani Sangrahalay (Indore), Kamala Nehru College, University of Delhi, Kamala Nehru Degree Evening College (Bangalore), Kamla Nehru College for Women, Jodhpur, Kamala Nehru Park (Pune), Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology (Sultanpur), Kamla Nehru College, Korba, Kamala Nehru Women's College (Bhubaneswar), Kamala Nehru Polytechnic (Hyderabad), Shri Ramdeobaba Kamala Nehru Engineering College (Nagpur), Kamala Nehru Memorial Vocational Higher Secondary School Vatanappally (Kerala), andShaskiya Kamla Nehru Girls Higher Secondary School (Bhopal) are named after her.
In Pakistan, Karachi has a road named after Kamla Nehru.[8]
In popular culture
Kamala Kaul (Nehru) is a 1986 Indian documentary film directed by Ashish Mukherjee. Produced by the Government of India's Films Division it provides an overview of her life and contributions.[9]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jayakar, Pupul (1995). Indira Gandhi, a biography (Rev. ed.). New Delhi, India: Penguin. pp. 9–11. ISBN 978-0140114621.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "From years 1916 to 1964...The man and the times". The Windsor Star. 27 May 1964. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
- ↑ Nehru, Jawaharlal (26 January 1936). An Autobiography. London: Bodley Head.
- ↑ "Kamala Nehru Biography". Iloveindia. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
- ↑ "KNMH : The Legacy". www.knmhospital.org.
- ↑ Jayakar, Pupul (1995). Indira Gandhi, a biography (Rev. ed.). New Delhi, India: Penguin. pp. 90–92. ISBN 978-0140114621.
- ↑ Nehru, Jawaharlal (1940). An Autobiography (2nd ed.). London: Bodell Head.
- ↑ "Blog: Finding Kamala Nehru in Pakistan, Jinnah in Guntur". NDTV.com. 20 May 2015.
- ↑ "KAMALA NEHRU | Films Division". filmsdivision.org. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- 1899 births
- 1936 deaths
- Spouses of prime ministers of India
- 20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
- Indian Hindus
- Kashmiri people
- People from Allahabad
- Nehru–Gandhi family
- Tuberculosis deaths in Switzerland
- People from Delhi
- Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh
- Prisoners and detainees of British India