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{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Short description|Indian politician}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}} | ||
[[File: | [[File:Jack de Sequeira.jpg|thumb|Jack Sequeira]]'''João Hugo Eduardo de Sequeira''' (20 April 1915 – 17 October 1989), popularly known as '''Dr. Jack de Sequeira''';<ref name = "djs_profile">{{Cite web |url=http://drjackdesequeira.com/profile.html |title=Profile<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=30 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815065238/http://drjackdesequeira.com/profile.html |archive-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> also known as ''Jak Siker''<ref>[http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg00607.html [VascokarsUnited] GOA: Dr. Jack Siqueir - Father of Opinion Poll (Short<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> according to local naming conventions, was an Indian politician and is widely considered in [[Goa]] to be the ''Father of the Opinion Poll'', which led to the former territory attaining statehood in 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/News/Parsekar-Dept-of-Posts-release-special-cover-on-Dr-Jack-de-Sequeira/09722.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023147/http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/News/Parsekar-Dept-of-Posts-release-special-cover-on-Dr-Jack-de-Sequeira/09722.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was Goa's first Leader of the Opposition when the Legislative Assembly was launched in 1963. He was born in Burma, of Goan parents, and shaped politics in Goa during the 1960s and 1970s in particular. | ||
[[File:Statue of Dr Jack Sequeira at Calanguage, Feb 2011.jpg|thumb|Statue of Dr Jack Sequeira at Calangute, Feb 2011]][[File:Dr. Jack de Sequeira - Statue at Dona Paula.jpg|thumb|Statue at Dona Paula]] | [[File:Statue of Dr Jack Sequeira at Calanguage, Feb 2011.jpg|thumb|Statue of Dr Jack Sequeira at Calangute, Feb 2011]][[File:Dr. Jack de Sequeira - Statue at Dona Paula.jpg|thumb|Statue at Dona Paula]] | ||
==Founder-President of the UGP== | ==Founder-President of the UGP== | ||
Dr. Jack de Sequeira was the founder president of the [[United Goans Party]].<ref name="djs_ugp_mgp">[http://drjackdesequeira.com/the_emergence_of_ugp_and_mgp_.html The emergence of UGP and MGP<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506081045/http://www.drjackdesequeira.com/the_emergence_of_ugp_and_mgp_.html |date=2015 | Dr. Jack de Sequeira was the founder president of the [[United Goans Party]].<ref name="djs_ugp_mgp">[http://drjackdesequeira.com/the_emergence_of_ugp_and_mgp_.html The emergence of UGP and MGP<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506081045/http://www.drjackdesequeira.com/the_emergence_of_ugp_and_mgp_.html |date=6 May 2015 }}</ref> He played a pivotal role in convincing the government of India to hold an opinion poll to decide the issue of the merger of [[Goa]] into the state of [[Maharashtra]]. | ||
==Life== | ==Life== | ||
Dr. Sequeira was born in Burma (now [[Myanmar]]) on 20 April 1915, to Mr. Erasmo de Sequeira and Mrs. Ana Julia de Sa e Sequeira.<ref name="djs_profile"/> | Dr. Sequeira was born in Burma (now [[Myanmar]]) on 20 April 1915, to Mr. Erasmo de Sequeira and Mrs. Ana Julia de Sa e Sequeira.<ref name="djs_profile"/> | ||
After completing schooling in Portuguese medium at the Lyceum, he studied medicine at Escola Médica de Goa. However, his father died when he was 21, forcing him to discontinue studies in order to look after the family business <ref name="djs_profile"/> | After completing schooling in Portuguese medium at the Lyceum, he studied medicine at Escola Médica de Goa. However, his father died when he was 21, forcing him to discontinue studies in order to look after the family business<ref name="djs_profile"/> | ||
At the age of 23, he married Lilia Margarida de Gouveia Pinto. They had nine children.<ref name="djs_profile"/> | At the age of 23, he married Lilia Margarida de Gouveia Pinto. They had nine children.<ref name="djs_profile"/> | ||
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The two main parties [[United Goans Party|UGP]] and [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party|MGP]] were formed with two opposing ideologies. The MGP wanted to merge the state of Goa into the newly formed state of Maharashtra whereas UGP wanted to retain independent statehood for the [[Portuguese India|former Portuguese enclaves]].<ref name="goacentralcom_historic">{{Cite web |url=http://goacentral.com/Goahistory/Historyofgoa.htm#Historic%20Opinion%20Poll-%20Goans%20vote%20to%20maintain%20identity |title=GoaCentral.Com-History of Goa<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=17 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070111164348/http://goacentral.com/Goahistory/Historyofgoa.htm#Historic%20Opinion%20Poll-%20Goans%20vote%20to%20maintain%20identity |archive-date=11 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | The two main parties [[United Goans Party|UGP]] and [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party|MGP]] were formed with two opposing ideologies. The MGP wanted to merge the state of Goa into the newly formed state of Maharashtra whereas UGP wanted to retain independent statehood for the [[Portuguese India|former Portuguese enclaves]].<ref name="goacentralcom_historic">{{Cite web |url=http://goacentral.com/Goahistory/Historyofgoa.htm#Historic%20Opinion%20Poll-%20Goans%20vote%20to%20maintain%20identity |title=GoaCentral.Com-History of Goa<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=17 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070111164348/http://goacentral.com/Goahistory/Historyofgoa.htm#Historic%20Opinion%20Poll-%20Goans%20vote%20to%20maintain%20identity |archive-date=11 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
The [[United Goans Party]](UGP) was formed in 1962-63 following the merger of three local parties. Dr Sequeira was its founding president <ref name="goacentralcom_historic"/> | The [[United Goans Party]](UGP) was formed in 1962-63 following the merger of three local parties. Dr Sequeira was its founding president<ref name="goacentralcom_historic"/> | ||
Of the 30 seats in the assembly 28 belonged to [[Goa]], and one each to [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]] and [[Diu, India|Diu]]. MGP formed the government, having secured 16 seats while UGP secured 12.<ref>[http://www.whatsingoa.com/opinion/vf_goas_first_election2.shtml Goa News, What's happening in Goa, Goan opinion, goan society, Issues facing Goans, Davina Solomon, Valmiki Faleiro, Nandkumar Kamat, Aires Rodrigues, Savio Fernandes etc - What's in Goa? - Opinion Main Page<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The assembly of Goa, Daman and Diu convened on 9 January 1964. [[Dayanand Bandodkar]] of MGP became the first Chief Minister. | Of the 30 seats in the assembly 28 belonged to [[Goa]], and one each to [[Daman, Daman and Diu|Daman]] and [[Diu, India|Diu]]. MGP formed the government, having secured 16 seats while UGP secured 12.<ref>[http://www.whatsingoa.com/opinion/vf_goas_first_election2.shtml Goa News, What's happening in Goa, Goan opinion, goan society, Issues facing Goans, Davina Solomon, Valmiki Faleiro, Nandkumar Kamat, Aires Rodrigues, Savio Fernandes etc - What's in Goa? - Opinion Main Page<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The assembly of Goa, Daman and Diu convened on 9 January 1964. [[Dayanand Bandodkar]] of MGP became the first Chief Minister. | ||
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Dr. Sequeira shrewdly managed to get the backing of the legislators of [[Mysore state]]( now [[Karnataka]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.colaco.net/1/ValmikiMonumentalShame.htm |title=Valmiki Faleiro: What a monumental shame<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=19 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303095040/http://www.colaco.net/1/ValmikiMonumentalShame.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He impressed them that if Maharashtra managed to convince the centre to merge Goa into Maharashra, it would only bolster their case for [[Karwar]] and [[Supa, Parner|Supa]]. | Dr. Sequeira shrewdly managed to get the backing of the legislators of [[Mysore state]]( now [[Karnataka]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.colaco.net/1/ValmikiMonumentalShame.htm |title=Valmiki Faleiro: What a monumental shame<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=19 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303095040/http://www.colaco.net/1/ValmikiMonumentalShame.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He impressed them that if Maharashtra managed to convince the centre to merge Goa into Maharashra, it would only bolster their case for [[Karwar]] and [[Supa, Parner|Supa]]. | ||
However Shastri died in 1966 in [[Tashkent]] and this decision was now left to the new Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]]. Again Dr. Jack and his legislators met the new Prime Minister and submitted a memorandum that such a monumental decision affecting the future of the State could not be left to legislators alone, but should be put before the people to decide. The [[referendum]] could be conducted via a signature campaign or by [[secret ballot]].<ref name="djs_people_power">{{Cite web |url=http://drjackdesequeira.com/peoples_power_triumphs_goa_remains_goa.html |title=Peoples’ Power Triumphs; Goa Remains Goa<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=19 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815065141/http://drjackdesequeira.com/peoples_power_triumphs_goa_remains_goa.html |archive-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since a large number of Goans worked outside Goa,and indeed, outside India itself as [[Expatriate|expats]], UGP demanded that these expats should be allowed to vote by [[postal ballot]]. Parliament finally agreed to conduct a referendum by means of secret ballot but ruled out postal ballots.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://drjackdesequeira.com/_a_force_to_reckon_with.html |title=Dr Sequeira: A force to reckon with<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=19 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815063832/http://drjackdesequeira.com/_a_force_to_reckon_with.html |archive-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | However Shastri died in 1966 in [[Tashkent]] and this decision was now left to the new Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]]. Again Dr. Jack and his legislators met the new Prime Minister and submitted a memorandum that such a monumental decision affecting the future of the State could not be left to legislators alone, but should be put before the people to decide. The [[referendum]] could be conducted via a signature campaign or by [[secret ballot]].<ref name="djs_people_power">{{Cite web |url=http://drjackdesequeira.com/peoples_power_triumphs_goa_remains_goa.html |title=Peoples’ Power Triumphs; Goa Remains Goa<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=19 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815065141/http://drjackdesequeira.com/peoples_power_triumphs_goa_remains_goa.html |archive-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since a large number of Goans worked outside Goa, and indeed, outside India itself as [[Expatriate|expats]], UGP demanded that these expats should be allowed to vote by [[postal ballot]]. Parliament finally agreed to conduct a referendum by means of secret ballot but ruled out postal ballots.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://drjackdesequeira.com/_a_force_to_reckon_with.html |title=Dr Sequeira: A force to reckon with<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=19 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815063832/http://drjackdesequeira.com/_a_force_to_reckon_with.html |archive-date=15 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
Now that the referendum would be conducted, Dr. Sequeira feared that Bandodkar may use the state’s administrative and law-enforcement machinery to browbeat the anti-mergerists into submission. The UGP demanded that the MGP government resign so that the referendum could be conducted in a free-and-fair atmosphere. On 3 December 1966, the MGP government resigned.<ref name="djs_people_power"/> | Now that the referendum would be conducted, Dr. Sequeira feared that Bandodkar may use the state’s administrative and law-enforcement machinery to browbeat the anti-mergerists into submission. The UGP demanded that the MGP government resign so that the referendum could be conducted in a free-and-fair atmosphere. On 3 December 1966, the MGP government resigned.<ref name="djs_people_power"/> | ||
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In 1967, he got 7087 (59.94%) votes, as against 121 (1.02%) by the MGP, and 570 (4.82%) by Independents. His main rival was a UG (Furtado) candidate, contesting on behalf of a party that had broken away from his. The UG (Furtado) party won 4045 votes (34.21%).<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Assembly Elections|url=https://ceogoa.nic.in/pdf/PER/Assembly%20Election%20-%201967.pdf#page=12|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=CEO Goa}}</ref> | In 1967, he got 7087 (59.94%) votes, as against 121 (1.02%) by the MGP, and 570 (4.82%) by Independents. His main rival was a UG (Furtado) candidate, contesting on behalf of a party that had broken away from his. The UG (Furtado) party won 4045 votes (34.21%).<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Assembly Elections|url=https://ceogoa.nic.in/pdf/PER/Assembly%20Election%20-%201967.pdf#page=12|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=CEO Goa}}</ref> | ||
In the 1972 elections, he retained the seat with 6586 votes (57.51%),with his closest Independent rival gaining 4483 (39.15%) votes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=CEO Goa Assembly Elections 1972|url=https://ceogoa.nic.in/pdf/PER/Assembly%20Election%20-%201972.pdf#page=12|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> | In the 1972 elections, he retained the seat with 6586 votes (57.51%), with his closest Independent rival gaining 4483 (39.15%) votes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=CEO Goa Assembly Elections 1972|url=https://ceogoa.nic.in/pdf/PER/Assembly%20Election%20-%201972.pdf#page=12|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> | ||
In 1977, Sequeira retained Santa Cruz with 4462 votes (46.11%), beating the MGP which scored 2656 (27.45%) votes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=CEO Goa|url=https://ceogoa.nic.in/pdf/PER/Assembly%20Election%20-%201977.pdf#page=11|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=CEO Goa Elections 1977}}</ref> | In 1977, Sequeira retained Santa Cruz with 4462 votes (46.11%), beating the MGP which scored 2656 (27.45%) votes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=CEO Goa|url=https://ceogoa.nic.in/pdf/PER/Assembly%20Election%20-%201977.pdf#page=11|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=CEO Goa Elections 1977}}</ref> | ||
In his analysis of the 1963 Goa elections, Ram Joshi argues that the | In his analysis of the 1963 Goa elections, Ram Joshi argues that the | ||
<blockquote>urban Hindu elite, perhaps more ambitious politically, was more inclined to vote for a party which stood for separate statehood. Many of them supported the United Goans which explains the success of Dr. Jack Sequeira, the leader of the United Goans Party, in Panjim where there were only 2,839 Christian voters as against 5,130 Hindu voters<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Joshi|first=Ram|date=Oct 1964|title=The General Elections in Goa|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2642211|journal=Asian Survey|volume=4|issue=10|pages= | <blockquote>urban Hindu elite, perhaps more ambitious politically, was more inclined to vote for a party which stood for separate statehood. Many of them supported the United Goans which explains the success of Dr. Jack Sequeira, the leader of the United Goans Party, in Panjim where there were only 2,839 Christian voters as against 5,130 Hindu voters<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Joshi|first=Ram|date=Oct 1964|title=The General Elections in Goa|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2642211|journal=Asian Survey|volume=4|issue=10|pages=1093–1101|via=JSTOR}}</ref></blockquote> | ||
==Remembrance== | ==Remembrance== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:de Sequeira, Jack }} | {{DEFAULTSORT:de Sequeira, Jack}} | ||
[[Category:1915 births]] | [[Category:1915 births]] | ||
[[Category:1989 deaths]] | [[Category:1989 deaths]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:03, 30 December 2021
João Hugo Eduardo de Sequeira (20 April 1915 – 17 October 1989), popularly known as Dr. Jack de Sequeira;[1] also known as Jak Siker[2] according to local naming conventions, was an Indian politician and is widely considered in Goa to be the Father of the Opinion Poll, which led to the former territory attaining statehood in 1987.[3] He was Goa's first Leader of the Opposition when the Legislative Assembly was launched in 1963. He was born in Burma, of Goan parents, and shaped politics in Goa during the 1960s and 1970s in particular.
Founder-President of the UGP[edit | edit source]
Dr. Jack de Sequeira was the founder president of the United Goans Party.[4] He played a pivotal role in convincing the government of India to hold an opinion poll to decide the issue of the merger of Goa into the state of Maharashtra.
Life[edit | edit source]
Dr. Sequeira was born in Burma (now Myanmar) on 20 April 1915, to Mr. Erasmo de Sequeira and Mrs. Ana Julia de Sa e Sequeira.[1]
After completing schooling in Portuguese medium at the Lyceum, he studied medicine at Escola Médica de Goa. However, his father died when he was 21, forcing him to discontinue studies in order to look after the family business[1]
At the age of 23, he married Lilia Margarida de Gouveia Pinto. They had nine children.[1]
He died on 17 October 1989, aged 74.[1]
Political career[edit | edit source]
Sequeira was the leader of a group known as Goyncho Pokx, which later merged with other groups to from the United Goans Party (UGP or UG Party).[5]
Dr. Jack de Sequeira was the founder president of the United Goans Party.[4]
He represented Santa Cruz assembly constituency three times. He lost in the fourth attempt in 1979 and did not contest elections again.[1]
Role in the Goa Referendum ("Opinion Poll")[edit | edit source]
Goa was annexed into India by an Indian Army operation on 19 December 1961. It was integrated into the Indian Union in 1962.
Goa's first polls were held on 9 December 1963.
The two main parties UGP and MGP were formed with two opposing ideologies. The MGP wanted to merge the state of Goa into the newly formed state of Maharashtra whereas UGP wanted to retain independent statehood for the former Portuguese enclaves.[6]
The United Goans Party(UGP) was formed in 1962-63 following the merger of three local parties. Dr Sequeira was its founding president[6]
Of the 30 seats in the assembly 28 belonged to Goa, and one each to Daman and Diu. MGP formed the government, having secured 16 seats while UGP secured 12.[7] The assembly of Goa, Daman and Diu convened on 9 January 1964. Dayanand Bandodkar of MGP became the first Chief Minister.
The MGP and politicians in Maharashtra were elated at the victory and touted it as a mandate that the majority of Goans were in favour of merger.
At the time of Goa’s accession into India, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru had categorically stated that Goa would retain its distinct identity.[8] Following MGPs victory and the raised pitch for merger. Dr. Sequeira visited New Delhi along with his MLAs and impressed Nehru about the need of an opinion poll on this matter . However Nehru died before Parliament could take this decision and Lal Bahadur Shastri succeeded him as Prime Minister. A delegation consisting of MGP MLAs and Maharashtra’s leaders went to New Delhi to convince him that a vote on the merger should be conducted in the Goa Assembly.[9]
Dr. Sequeira, along with others went to Bangalore where an AICC session was being held and met Shastri. They opposed the move to get the merger voted in the Assembly and impressed on Shastri and Kamraj, the need to put this question before the people of Goa themselves.[9]
Dr. Sequeira shrewdly managed to get the backing of the legislators of Mysore state( now Karnataka).[10] He impressed them that if Maharashtra managed to convince the centre to merge Goa into Maharashra, it would only bolster their case for Karwar and Supa.
However Shastri died in 1966 in Tashkent and this decision was now left to the new Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Again Dr. Jack and his legislators met the new Prime Minister and submitted a memorandum that such a monumental decision affecting the future of the State could not be left to legislators alone, but should be put before the people to decide. The referendum could be conducted via a signature campaign or by secret ballot.[11] Since a large number of Goans worked outside Goa, and indeed, outside India itself as expats, UGP demanded that these expats should be allowed to vote by postal ballot. Parliament finally agreed to conduct a referendum by means of secret ballot but ruled out postal ballots.[12]
Now that the referendum would be conducted, Dr. Sequeira feared that Bandodkar may use the state’s administrative and law-enforcement machinery to browbeat the anti-mergerists into submission. The UGP demanded that the MGP government resign so that the referendum could be conducted in a free-and-fair atmosphere. On 3 December 1966, the MGP government resigned.[11]
Dr. Sequeira also traveled extensively exhorting people to vote against the merger. In this cause, he also visited places such as Colaba and Kalyan in Bombay, convincing Goans staying there to support the cause.[8]
Electoral results[edit | edit source]
The opinion poll was held on 16 January 1967. A total of 3,17,633 votes were polled. The merger was defeated by 34,021 votes.[13]
In 1963, Sequeira won Panjim with 2761 votes (42.02%) as against 2347 for the MGP (35.72%), 1371 for the Congress (20.87%) and 91 votes (1.39%) for Independents.[14]
In 1967, 1972 and 1977, Sequeira contested the Santa Cruz constituency, for the first two times on a UGP ticket, and on a Janata Party ticket on the last occasion, after the merger of the UGP into the Janata Party.[15]
In 1967, he got 7087 (59.94%) votes, as against 121 (1.02%) by the MGP, and 570 (4.82%) by Independents. His main rival was a UG (Furtado) candidate, contesting on behalf of a party that had broken away from his. The UG (Furtado) party won 4045 votes (34.21%).[16]
In the 1972 elections, he retained the seat with 6586 votes (57.51%), with his closest Independent rival gaining 4483 (39.15%) votes.[17]
In 1977, Sequeira retained Santa Cruz with 4462 votes (46.11%), beating the MGP which scored 2656 (27.45%) votes.[18]
In his analysis of the 1963 Goa elections, Ram Joshi argues that the
urban Hindu elite, perhaps more ambitious politically, was more inclined to vote for a party which stood for separate statehood. Many of them supported the United Goans which explains the success of Dr. Jack Sequeira, the leader of the United Goans Party, in Panjim where there were only 2,839 Christian voters as against 5,130 Hindu voters[19]
Remembrance[edit | edit source]
On 16 January 2007 a life sized statue of Dr. Jack was inaugurated at Calangute.[20] Another statue was inaugurated on 20 April 2007 at Dona Paula.[21] The cost of the statue was borne by his family and not by the government. A third statue will be installed in Salcette.[20]
The road from Miramar to Dona Paula & Merces junction to Merces has also been named after him.[21]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Profile". Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2008.
- ↑ [VascokarsUnited] GOA: Dr. Jack Siqueir - Father of Opinion Poll (Short
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 The emergence of UGP and MGP Archived 6 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Shenoy, Balaji Sudas (19 April 2015). "In Memory of Jack de Sequeira on his 100th Birth Anniversary". The Navhind Times. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "GoaCentral.Com-History of Goa". Archived from the original on 11 January 2007. Retrieved 17 May 2008.
- ↑ Goa News, What's happening in Goa, Goan opinion, goan society, Issues facing Goans, Davina Solomon, Valmiki Faleiro, Nandkumar Kamat, Aires Rodrigues, Savio Fernandes etc - What's in Goa? - Opinion Main Page
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Dr. Jack de Sequeira: Shaping The Outcome Of The Opinion Poll Verdict". Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2008.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "MERGER CONFLICT: Legislative or people ?". Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2008.
- ↑ "Valmiki Faleiro: What a monumental shame". Archived from the original on 3 March 2007. Retrieved 19 May 2008.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Peoples' Power Triumphs; Goa Remains Goa". Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2008.
- ↑ "Dr Sequeira: A force to reckon with". Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2008.
- ↑ "The Results & Post-Mortem". Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2008.
- ↑ "CEO Goa 1963" (PDF). Chief Electoral Officer, Goa.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "CEO Goa". Goa Vidhan Sabha.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Assembly Elections" (PDF). CEO Goa.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "CEO Goa Assembly Elections 1972" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "CEO Goa" (PDF). CEO Goa Elections 1977.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Joshi, Ram (October 1964). "The General Elections in Goa". Asian Survey. 4 (10): 1093–1101 – via JSTOR.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Brain Behind Recognition". Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2008.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 "www.goacom.com DAILY GOA NEWS CLIPS: 20 APR 2007". Archived from the original on 8 March 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008.