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{{Infobox military person | {{Infobox military person | ||
| honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] | | honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] | ||
| name | | name = Jagjit Singh Arora | ||
| honorific_suffix = [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]] | | honorific_suffix = [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]] | ||
| image | | image = Gen. Niazi (Pakistan) surrenders to Gen. Jagit Singh Aurora (India).png | ||
| birth_date | | caption = Aurora (left) taking [[Pakistani Instrument of Surrender|Pakistani surrender]] in 1971 | ||
| death_date | | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1916|2|13}} | ||
| birth_place | | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2005|5|3|1916|2|13}} | ||
| death_place | | birth_place = [[Kala Gujran]], [[Jhelum District]], [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]] (now in [[Punjab, Pakistan]]) | ||
| allegiance | | death_place = New Delhi, India | ||
| branch | | allegiance = {{Flag|British India}}<br />{{Flag|India}} | ||
| serviceyears | | branch = {{Army|British India}}<br />{{Army|India}} | ||
| rank | | serviceyears = 1939–1973 | ||
| servicenumber | | rank = [[File:Lieutenant General of the Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] | ||
| commands | | servicenumber = IC-214<ref name="Gazette_India"/> | ||
| unit | | commands = [[File:IA Eastern Command.jpg|20px]] [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Army]] | ||
| battles | | unit = [[2nd Punjab Regiment]] (until 1947) <br /> [[Punjab Regiment (India)|Punjab Regiment]] (after 1947) | ||
| awards | | battles = [[Burma Campaign]], [[World War II]] <br /> [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]] <br /> [[Sino-Indian War]] <br /> [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] <br> [[Nathu La and Cho La clashes]] <br /> [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] | ||
| awards = [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] <br /> [[Padma Bhushan]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
[[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] '''Jagjit Singh Arora''' {{Post-nominals|country=IND|PVSM}}<ref name="DCOAS"/> (also '''Jagjit Singh Aurora''')<ref name="Gazette_India"/><ref name="Indian_Army_List_47">{{cite book|pages=245–246|title=Indian Army List (Special Edition) 1947|publisher=Government of India Press|year=1947}}</ref><ref name="name" group="note">Both spellings are used in official documents; though "Aurora" predominates in the listings in the pre-Independence ''Indian Army List'', as do those in the ''[[Gazette of India]]''.</ref> (13 February 1916<ref name="birthdate" group="note">As given in the pre-Independence ''Indian Army List''.</ref> – 3 May 2005) was an [[Indian Army]] [[General Officer]] who was the [[General Officer Commanding|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief]] (GOC-in-C) [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|third war]] with Pakistan in 1971. | |||
[[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] '''Jagjit Singh | |||
He organised and led the ground forces campaign in the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Eastern Front]] of the war, which led to an overwhelming defeat of the combined [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] [[Eastern Command (Pakistan)|in East-Pakistan]] that led to the creation of [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="br-homage">{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Personnel/Legends/170-JS-Arora.html|title=Homage to a Hero: Lt Gen J. S. Arora|date=17 June 2005|publisher=Frontline|access-date=24 July 2011}}</ref> | He organised and led the ground forces campaign in the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Eastern Front]] of the war, which led to an overwhelming defeat of the combined [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] [[Eastern Command (Pakistan)|in East-Pakistan]] that led to the creation of [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="br-homage">{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Personnel/Legends/170-JS-Arora.html|title=Homage to a Hero: Lt Gen J. S. Arora|date=17 June 2005|publisher=Frontline|access-date=24 July 2011}}</ref> | ||
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==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Jagjit Singh Aurora was born in [[Kala Gujran]], [[Jhelum District]], [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]].<ref name="Modesty in victory">{{cite news |title=Modesty in victory |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050504/edit.htm#6|access-date=27 November 2016|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |date=4 May 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518093219/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050504/edit.htm#6 |archive-date=18 May 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> He was the son of an | Jagjit Singh Aurora was born at [[Sikhs|Sikh]] [[khatri]] family in [[Kala Gujran]], [[Jhelum District]], [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]].<ref name="Modesty in victory">{{cite news |title=Modesty in victory |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050504/edit.htm#6|access-date=27 November 2016|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |date=4 May 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518093219/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050504/edit.htm#6 |archive-date=18 May 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> He was the son of an engineer in Kala Gujran, Jhelum district. | ||
==Army career== | ==Army career== | ||
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===East Pakistan=== | ===East Pakistan=== | ||
[[File:1971 Instrument of Surrender.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Lt. Gen [[A. A. K. Niazi]], Commanding Officer of Pakistan Army forces in East Pakistan signing the instrument of surrender on 16 December 1971 in the presence of Lt. Gen. Arora]] | [[File:1971 Instrument of Surrender.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Lt. Gen [[A. A. K. Niazi]], Commanding Officer of Pakistan Army forces in East Pakistan signing the instrument of surrender on 16 December 1971 in the presence of Lt. Gen. Arora]] | ||
In March 1971, the [[Pakistan Army]] launched [[Operation Searchlight]] to curb the [[Bengali nationalism|Bengali nationalist movement]] in [[East Pakistan]]. The operation resulted in the [[1971 Bangladesh atrocities]], including the systematic murder of Bengali intellectuals by the Pakistan Army. The ensuing violence led to almost 10 million Bengali refugees fleeing from East Pakistan into India. A spontaneous Bengali guerrilla force, the [[Mukti Bahini]], was formed in response. This force along with the newly formed [[Bangladesh Armed Forces#History | In March 1971, the [[Pakistan Army]] launched [[Operation Searchlight]] to curb the [[Bengali nationalism|Bengali nationalist movement]] in [[East Pakistan]]. The operation resulted in the [[1971 Bangladesh atrocities]], including the systematic murder of Bengali intellectuals by the Pakistan Army. The ensuing violence led to almost 10 million Bengali refugees fleeing from East Pakistan into India. A spontaneous Bengali guerrilla force, the [[Mukti Bahini]], was formed in response. This force along with the newly formed [[Bangladesh Armed Forces#History|Bangladesh Forces]], consisting of Bengali defectors from the Pakistan Army under the command of Colonel (Retd) [[M. A. G. Osmani|Mohammad Ataul Ghani Osmani]], were engaged in escalating hostilities with the Pakistani Army.<ref>Raja, Dewan Mohammad Tasawwar, ''O GENERAL MY GENERAL (Life and Works of General M A G Osmany)'', p35-109, {{ISBN|978-984-8866-18-4}}</ref> | ||
For the next eight months, with tensions escalating between India and Pakistan and anticipating possible hostilities, Aurora oversaw the logistical preparations of the Indian Army on the Eastern front, including the improvement of roads, communications and bridges, as well as the movement of 30,000 tons of supplies close to the border with East Pakistan. | For the next eight months, with tensions escalating between India and Pakistan and anticipating possible hostilities, Aurora oversaw the logistical preparations of the Indian Army on the Eastern front, including the improvement of roads, communications and bridges, as well as the movement of 30,000 tons of supplies close to the border with East Pakistan. | ||