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'''Veth''' (or ''Vethi'' or ''Vetti-chakiri'', from [[Sanskrit]] ''visti''), also known as '''Begar''' (from [[Persian language|Persian]]), was a system of [[forced labour]] practised in pre-independence [[India]], in which members of populace were compelled to perform unpaid work for the government.<ref name="PA_Gavali_1988"/><ref name="Ghanshyam_2004"/> | '''Veth''' (or ''Vethi'' or ''Vetti-chakiri'', from [[Sanskrit]] ''visti''), also known as '''Begar''' (from [[Persian language|Persian]]), was a system of [[forced labour]] practised in pre-independence [[India]], in which members of populace were compelled to perform [[unpaid work]] for the government.<ref name="PA_Gavali_1988"/><ref name="Ghanshyam_2004"/> | ||
In the [[Maratha Confederacy]], Veth-begar was practised on a wide scale during the [[Peshwa]]'s rule. Certain groups of people, such as [[Brahmin]]s, [[Kayastha]]s, [[Marathas]] and [[Twashta Kasar|Kasars]] (brass-workers) of [[Saswad]] region, were exempted from veth-begar.<ref name="PA_Gavali_1988">{{cite book |author=P. A. Gavali |title=Society and Social Disabilities Under the Peshwas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AjgdAAAAIAAJ |year=1988 |publisher=National Publishing House |isbn=978-81-214-0157-9 |page=136 }}</ref> | In the [[Maratha Confederacy]], Veth-begar was practised on a wide scale during the [[Peshwa]]'s rule. Certain groups of people, such as [[Brahmin]]s, [[Kayastha]]s, [[Marathas]] and [[Twashta Kasar|Kasars]] (brass-workers) of [[Saswad]] region, were exempted from veth-begar.<ref name="PA_Gavali_1988">{{cite book |author=P. A. Gavali |title=Society and Social Disabilities Under the Peshwas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AjgdAAAAIAAJ |year=1988 |publisher=National Publishing House |isbn=978-81-214-0157-9 |page=136 }}</ref> | ||
The system continued to be practised in the [[princely states]] during the [[British Raj]].<ref name="Harshad_1993">{{cite book |author=Harshad R. Trivedi |title=Tribal Land Systems: Land Reform Measures and Development of Tribals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXh-ohgvf2UC&pg=PA312 |year=1993 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-454-9 |page=312 }}</ref> For example, in the [[Mewar State]], peasants (including those from the upper-caste) were forced to engage in ''begar''. As part of ''veth'', the peasants and low-caste people were forced to supply water to the ruler's family; construct buildings, roads, and dams; and carry dead and wounded soldiers.<ref name="Ghanshyam_2004">{{cite book |author=Ghanshyam Shah |title=Social Movements in India: A Review of Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8LOICwAAQBAJ&pg=PT52 |year=2004 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-81-321-1977-7 |pages=52–}}</ref> The British government exempted Christians from veth-begar.<ref name="Baviskar2004">{{cite book |author=Amita Baviskar |title=In the Belly of the River: Tribal Conflicts Over Development in the Narmada Valley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_bq0AAAAIAAJ |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-567136-0 |page=79 }}</ref> | The system continued to be practised in the [[princely states]] during the [[British Raj]].<ref name="Harshad_1993">{{cite book |author=Harshad R. Trivedi |title=Tribal Land Systems: Land Reform Measures and Development of Tribals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXh-ohgvf2UC&pg=PA312 |year=1993 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-454-9 |page=312 }}</ref> For example, in the [[Mewar State]], peasants (including those from the upper-caste) were forced to engage in ''begar''. As part of ''veth'', the peasants and low-caste people were forced to supply water to the ruler's family; construct buildings, roads, and dams; and carry dead and wounded soldiers.<ref name="Ghanshyam_2004">{{cite book |author=Ghanshyam Shah |title=Social Movements in India: A Review of Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8LOICwAAQBAJ&pg=PT52 |year=2004 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-81-321-1977-7 |pages=52–}}</ref> The British government exempted Christians from veth-begar.<ref name="Baviskar2004">{{cite book |author=Amita Baviskar |title=In the Belly of the River: Tribal Conflicts Over Development in the Narmada Valley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_bq0AAAAIAAJ |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-567136-0 |page=79 }}</ref> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
Latest revision as of 21:38, 15 September 2021
Veth (or Vethi or Vetti-chakiri, from Sanskrit visti), also known as Begar (from Persian), was a system of forced labour practised in pre-independence India, in which members of populace were compelled to perform unpaid work for the government.[1][2]
In the Maratha Confederacy, Veth-begar was practised on a wide scale during the Peshwa's rule. Certain groups of people, such as Brahmins, Kayasthas, Marathas and Kasars (brass-workers) of Saswad region, were exempted from veth-begar.[1]
The system continued to be practised in the princely states during the British Raj.[3] For example, in the Mewar State, peasants (including those from the upper-caste) were forced to engage in begar. As part of veth, the peasants and low-caste people were forced to supply water to the ruler's family; construct buildings, roads, and dams; and carry dead and wounded soldiers.[2] The British government exempted Christians from veth-begar.[4]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 P. A. Gavali (1988). Society and Social Disabilities Under the Peshwas. National Publishing House. p. 136. ISBN 978-81-214-0157-9.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ghanshyam Shah (2004). Social Movements in India: A Review of Literature. SAGE Publications. pp. 52–. ISBN 978-81-321-1977-7.
- ↑ Harshad R. Trivedi (1993). Tribal Land Systems: Land Reform Measures and Development of Tribals. Concept Publishing Company. p. 312. ISBN 978-81-7022-454-9.
- ↑ Amita Baviskar (2004). In the Belly of the River: Tribal Conflicts Over Development in the Narmada Valley. Oxford University Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-19-567136-0.
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