Turvashas: Difference between revisions

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The '''Turvashas''' ({{lang-sa|तुर्वश}}, {{IAST|Turvaśa}}) were one of the five major peoples<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jamison|first=Stephanie|title=The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India|last2=Brereton|first2=Joel|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=9780199370184|pages=54}}</ref> (''panchajana'', ''panchakrishtya'' or ''panchamanusha'') mentioned in the [[Rig Veda|Rigveda]]. <ref name=singh>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Upinder|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GW5Gx0HSXKUC&pg=PA187&dq=Panchajana+Rigveda&hl=en&ei=qO3UTLLdCI26ugPm04WpCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education|location=Delhi|isbn=978-81-317-1120-0|page=187}}</ref> The Turvashas had a tribal union with the [[Yadu]] tribe, and were frequently described together.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Witzel|first=Michael|date=2001|title=Autochthonous Aryans?: The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts.|url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/EJVS-7-3.pdf|journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies|volume=7|pages=7}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{harvnb|Erdosy|Witzel|1995|p=204}}</ref> The Turvashas were a partly Indo-Aryan-acculturated Indus tribe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Witzel|first=Michael|date=1999|title=Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan: (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic).|url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.411.6137&rep=rep1&type=pdf|journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies|volume=5|pages=3, 33}}</ref> By the time of the arrival of the [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru]] and [[Bharatas (tribe)|Bharata]] tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in [[Punjab]].{{sfn|Erdosy|Witzel|1995|p=236}} By the time of the [[Shatapatha Brahmana]] (7th-6th centuries BCE),<ref>[http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/Erdosy1995.pdf "Early Indian history: Linguistic and textual parametres."] in The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia, edited by G. Erdosy (1995), p. 136</ref><ref name="Bremmer2007">{{cite book|author=Jan N. Bremmer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0tPjVJF8roYC&pg=PA158|title=The Strange World of Human Sacrifice|publisher=Peeters Publishers|year=2007|isbn=978-90-429-1843-6|pages=158–|access-date=15 December 2012}}</ref> the Turvashas are linked to the [[Panchala|Panchalas]]. {{sfn|Erdosy|Witzel|1995|p=236}}
The '''Turvashas''' ({{lang-sa|तुर्वश}}, {{IAST|Turvaśa}}) were one of the five major peoples<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Jamison|first1=Stephanie|title=The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India|last2=Brereton|first2=Joel|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=9780199370184|pages=54}}</ref> (''panchajana'', ''panchakrishtya'' or ''panchamanusha'') mentioned in the [[Rig Veda|Rigveda]]. <ref name=singh>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Upinder|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GW5Gx0HSXKUC&dq=Panchajana+Rigveda&pg=PA187|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education|location=Delhi|isbn=978-81-317-1120-0|page=187}}</ref> The Turvashas had a tribal union with the [[Yadu]] tribe, and were frequently described together.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Witzel|first=Michael|date=2001|title=Autochthonous Aryans?: The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts.|url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/EJVS-7-3.pdf|journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies|volume=7|pages=7}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{harvnb|Erdosy|Witzel|1995|p=204}}</ref> The Turvashas were a partly Indo-Aryan-acculturated Indus tribe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Witzel|first=Michael|date=1999|title=Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan: (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic).|url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.411.6137&rep=rep1&type=pdf|journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies|volume=5|pages=3, 33|citeseerx=10.1.1.411.6137}}</ref> By the time of the arrival of the [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru]] and [[Bharatas (tribe)|Bharata]] tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in [[Punjab]].{{sfn|Erdosy|Witzel|1995|p=236}} By the time of the [[Shatapatha Brahmana]] (7th-6th centuries BCE),<ref>[http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/Erdosy1995.pdf "Early Indian history: Linguistic and textual parametres."] in The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia, edited by G. Erdosy (1995), p. 136</ref><ref name="Bremmer2007">{{cite book|author=Jan N. Bremmer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0tPjVJF8roYC&pg=PA158|title=The Strange World of Human Sacrifice|publisher=Peeters Publishers|year=2007|isbn=978-90-429-1843-6|pages=158–|access-date=15 December 2012}}</ref> the Turvashas are linked to the [[Panchala|Panchalas]]. {{sfn|Erdosy|Witzel|1995|p=236}}
[[File:Early_Vedic_Culture_(1700-1100_BCE).png|thumb]]
[[File:Early_Vedic_Culture_(1700-1100_BCE).png|thumb]]


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===Sources cited===
===Sources cited===
* {{Cite book|last=Erdosy|first=George|title=Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Rgvedic history: poets, chieftains and politics|last2=Witzel|first2=Michael|publisher=De Gruyter|year=1995}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Erdosy|first1=George|title=Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Rgvedic history: poets, chieftains and politics|last2=Witzel|first2=Michael|publisher=De Gruyter|year=1995}}


[[Category:Rigvedic tribes]]
[[Category:Rigvedic tribes]]


{{hinduism-stub}}
{{hinduism-stub}}

Latest revision as of 05:36, 14 December 2021

The Turvashas (Sanskrit: तुर्वश, Turvaśa) were one of the five major peoples[1] (panchajana, panchakrishtya or panchamanusha) mentioned in the Rigveda. [2] The Turvashas had a tribal union with the Yadu tribe, and were frequently described together.[3][4] The Turvashas were a partly Indo-Aryan-acculturated Indus tribe.[5] By the time of the arrival of the Puru and Bharata tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in Punjab.[6] By the time of the Shatapatha Brahmana (7th-6th centuries BCE),[7][8] the Turvashas are linked to the Panchalas. [6]

Early Vedic Culture (1700-1100 BCE).png

Etymology[edit]

The name Turvaśa is of Indo-Aryan and Indo-Iranian origin.[9]

Rigveda[edit]

Alfred Ludvig first conjectured that Turvīti and Vayya could have been connected with the Turvasha tribe, a notion that is still considered only speculation according to Witzel.[10][11]

In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda, the god Indra is stated to have saved the Yadu-Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers.[12][13]

In Mandala 6, the Yadu-Turvashas are stated to have been "brought from far away" by Indra.[14][15]

The Yadu-Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5, 6, and 8,[16] and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru-Bharatas.[12]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Jamison, Stephanie; Brereton, Joel (2014). The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India. Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 9780199370184.
  2. ↑ Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Delhi: Pearson Education. p. 187. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
  3. ↑ Witzel, Michael (2001). "Autochthonous Aryans?: The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts" (PDF). Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 7: 7.
  4. ↑ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 204
  5. ↑ Witzel, Michael (1999). "Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan: (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic)". Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 5: 3, 33. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.411.6137.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 236.
  7. ↑ "Early Indian history: Linguistic and textual parametres." in The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia, edited by G. Erdosy (1995), p. 136
  8. ↑ Jan N. Bremmer (2007). The Strange World of Human Sacrifice. Peeters Publishers. pp. 158–. ISBN 978-90-429-1843-6. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  9. ↑ Witzel, Michael (1999). "Aryan and non-Aryan Names in Vedic India. Data for the linguistic situation, c. 1900-500 B.C." (PDF). Harvard Oriental Series Opera Minora. 3: 19.
  10. ↑ Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (1995) [1912]. Vedic index of names and subjects. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 317. ISBN 81-208-1332-4.
  11. ↑ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 234
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 235.
  13. ↑ Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 605, 695.
  14. ↑ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 222, 262.
  15. ↑ Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 829.
  16. ↑ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 237.

Sources cited[edit]

  • Erdosy, George; Witzel, Michael (1995). Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Rgvedic history: poets, chieftains and politics. De Gruyter.
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