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The '''tola''' ({{lang-hi|तोला}}; {{lang-ur|تولا}} ''tolā'') also transliterated as '''tolah''' or '''tole''', is a traditional [[Ancient Indian]] and [[South Asian]] [[Physical unit|unit]] of [[mass]], now standardised as 180 [[troy weight|troy grains]] ({{nowrap|11.663 8038 [[gram]]s}}) or exactly 3/8 [[troy ounce]]. It was the base unit of mass in the [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British Indian]] system of weights and measures introduced in 1833, although it had been in use for much longer.<ref name="Prinsep">{{citation | author = Prinsep, James | year = 1840 | title = Useful tables, forming an appendix to the Journal of the Asiatic Society: part the first, Coins, weights, and measures of British India | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LTYGAAAAQAAJ | edition = 2nd | location = Calcutta | publisher = Bishop's College Press | pages = 65–74, 79–90}}.</ref> It was also used in [[Aden]] and [[Zanzibar]]: in the latter, one tola was equivalent to 175.90 troy grains (0.97722222 British tolas, or 11.33980925 grams).<ref>{{citation | title = tola | url = http://www.sizes.com/units/tola.htm | publisher = Sizes, Inc.}}</ref> | The '''tola''' ({{lang-hi|तोला}}; {{lang-ur|تولا}} ''tolā'') also transliterated as '''tolah''' or '''tole''', is a traditional [[Ancient Indian]] and [[South Asian]] [[Physical unit|unit]] of [[mass]], now standardised as 180 [[troy weight|troy grains]] ({{nowrap|11.663 8038 [[gram]]s}}) or exactly 3/8 [[troy ounce]]. It was the base unit of mass in the [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British Indian]] system of weights and measures introduced in 1833, although it had been in use for much longer.<ref name="Prinsep">{{citation | author = Prinsep, James | year = 1840 | title = Useful tables, forming an appendix to the Journal of the Asiatic Society: part the first, Coins, weights, and measures of British India | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LTYGAAAAQAAJ | edition = 2nd | location = Calcutta | publisher = Bishop's College Press | pages = 65–74, 79–90}}.</ref> It was also used in [[Aden]] and [[Zanzibar]]: in the latter, one tola was equivalent to 175.90 troy grains (0.97722222 British tolas, or 11.33980925 grams).<ref>{{citation | title = tola | url = http://www.sizes.com/units/tola.htm | publisher = Sizes, Inc.}}</ref> | ||
The tola is a [[Vedic period|Vedic]] measure, with the name derived from the [[Sanskrit]] ''tol'' (तोलः root तुल्) meaning "weighing" or "weight".<ref>{{citation | last = Platts | first = John T. | year = 1884 | title = A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English | url = https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.2.platts.1806931 | archive-url = https://archive. | The tola is a [[Vedic period|Vedic]] measure, with the name derived from the [[Sanskrit]] ''tol'' (तोलः root तुल्) meaning "weighing" or "weight".<ref>{{citation | last = Platts | first = John T. | year = 1884 | title = A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English | url = https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.2.platts.1806931 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120527071003/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.2.platts.1806931 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2012-05-27 | location = London | publisher = W. H. Allen & Co. | page = 344 }}.</ref> One tola was traditionally the weight of 100 [[ratti]] (ruttee) seeds,<ref name="seed">[[Robert Montgomery Martin|Martin, Robert Montgomery]]. ''Statistics of the colonies of the British empire'', London: W.H. Allen and Co., 1839, p. 143.</ref> and its exact weight varied according to locality. However, it is also a convenient mass for a coin: several pre-colonial coins, including the currency of [[Akbar the Great]] (1556–1605), had a mass of "one tola" within slight variation.<ref name="Prinsep" /><ref>Prinsep (1840), pp. 45–53.</ref> The very first [[rupee]] ({{lang-ur|رپيا}}; ''rupayā''), minted by [[Sher Shah Suri]] (1540–45), had a mass of 178 troy grains, or about 1% less than the British tola.<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.rbi.org.in/currency/museum/c-mogul.html | title = Mughal Coinage | publisher = [[RBI Monetary Museum]] | accessdate = 2008-05-04 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080516085855/http://www.rbi.org.in/currency/museum/c-mogul.html | archivedate = 2008-05-16 }}.</ref> The [[British East India Company]] issued a [[silver]] rupee coin of 180 troy grains, and this became the practical standard mass for the tola well into the 20th century.<ref name="Silb2">{{citation | author = Silberrad, C. A. | year = 1922 | title = New Weights and Measures for India | bibcode = 1922Natur.110Q.735S | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume = 110 | issue = 2770 | page = 735 | doi = 10.1038/110735a0| s2cid = 4136423 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1429668 }}</ref> | ||
[[File:20180507 12471p.jpg|thumb|A set of tolas]] | [[File:20180507 12471p.jpg|thumb|A set of tolas]] | ||
The British tola of 180 troy grains (from 1833) can be seen as more of a standardisation than a redefinition: the previous standard in the [[Bengal Presidency]], the system of "sicca weights", was the mass of one [[Murshidabad]] rupee, 179.666 troy grains.<ref name="Prinsep" /> For the larger weights used in commerce (in the Bengal Presidency), the variation in the pre-1833 standards was found to be greater than the adjustment.<ref name="Prinsep" /> | The British tola of 180 troy grains (from 1833) can be seen as more of a standardisation than a redefinition: the previous standard in the [[Bengal Presidency]], the system of "sicca weights", was the mass of one [[Murshidabad]] rupee, 179.666 troy grains.<ref name="Prinsep" /> For the larger weights used in commerce (in the Bengal Presidency), the variation in the pre-1833 standards was found to be greater than the adjustment.<ref name="Prinsep" /> | ||