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| {{for|the rock-cut caves|Shivneri Caves}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Shivneri Fort]] |
| {{Infobox military installation
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| |name = Shivneri
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| |native_name =
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| |partof =
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| |location = [[Junnar]], [[Pune District]], [[Maharashtra]]
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| |image = [[Image:MainEntranceGate.jpg|300px]]
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| |caption =
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| |pushpin_map = India#India Maharashtra
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| |pushpin_mapsize = 300
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| |pushpin_map_caption = Shivneri in Maharashtra
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| |type = Fort
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| |coordinates = {{coord|19.1990|73.8595|type:landmark|display=inline}}
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| |code =
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| |built =
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| |used =
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| |ownership = {{flagicon|India}} [[Government of India]]
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| |open_to_public = Yes
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| |controlledby = [[Devagiri]]<br>[[File:Delhi Sultanate Flag (catalan atlas).png|border|23x26px]] [[Delhi Sultanate]]<br>[[Bahmani Sultanate]]<br>[[File:"Alam" Flag of the Nizam Shahi dynasty of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.png|23x26px]] [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]<br> {{flag|Maratha Empire}} (1716-1820)<br> [[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|23x26px]] [[Company rule in India|Company Raj]] (1820-1858)<br>{{flag|British Raj}} (1858-1947)<br>{{flag|Dominion of India}} (1947-1950)<br>{{flag|Republic of India}} (1950-present)
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| |garrison =
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| '''Shivneri Fort''' is a 17th-century military [[fortification]] located near [[Junnar]] in [[Pune district]] in [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref>Things to do in Junnar:https://www.republicworld.com/lifestyle/travel/things-to-do-in-junnar-and-places-to-visit-around-this-historic-town.html</ref> It is the birthplace of [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]] , the emperor and founder of [[Maratha Empire]].<ref name="gun">{{cite book|last=Gunaji|first=Milind|title=Offbeat tracks in Maharashtra|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2003|pages=69|isbn=81-7154-669-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIjmDLardesC&q=shivneri+fort&pg=PA70|access-date=March 13, 2010}}</ref>
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| ==History==
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| Shivneri is known to be a place of Buddhist dominion from the 1st century AD. Its caves, rock-cut architecture and water system indicate the presence of habitation since 1st century AD. Shivneri got its name as it was under the possession of the Yadavas of Devagiri. This fort was mainly used to guard the old trading route from [[Desh, Maharashtra|Desh]] to the port city of [[Kalyan]]. The place passed on to the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] after the weakening of [[Delhi Sultanate]] during the 15th century and it then passed on to the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] in the 16th century. In 1595, a Maratha chief named [[Maloji Bhosale|Maloji Bhonsle]], the grandfather of Shivaji Bhosale, was enabled by the Ahmadnagar Sultan, [[Bahadur Nizam Shah]] and he gave him Shivneri and [[Chakan, Maharashtra|Chakan]]. Shivaji was born at the fort on 19 February 1630 (some accounts place it 1627), and spent his childhood there. Inside the fort is a small temple dedicated to the goddess Shivai Devi, after whom Shivaji was named. The English traveller Fraze visited the fort in 1673 and found it invincible. According to his accounts, the fort was well-stocked to feed thousand families for seven years. The fort came under the control of the [[British Raj|British Rule]] in 1820 after the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]].{{cn|date=February 2021}}
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| In 2021, it was added to the tentative list of the [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage sites]] as part of "Serial Nomination of Maratha Military Architecture in Maharashtra".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|title=Serial Nomination of Maratha Military Architecture in Maharashtra|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6533/|access-date=2021-06-26|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en}}</ref>
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| ==Architecture==
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| Shivneri<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-04|title=The Shivneri Fort Must Place To Visit In 2020 Complete Guide|url=https://www.forttrek.com/the-shivneri-fort-complete-guide-to-visit-fort/|access-date=2020-09-20|website=Fort Trek|language=en}}</ref> is a hill fort having a triangular shape and has its entrance from the South-west side of the hill.<ref>Uncover the past-Shivneri fort:https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/uncover-the-past/articleshow/69918368.cms</ref> Apart from the main gate there is an entrance to the fort from side called locally as ''the chain gate'', where in one has to hold chains to climb up to the fort gate. The fort extends up to {{convert|1|mile|km|abbr=on}} with seven spiral well-defended gates. There are mud walls all around the fort. Inside the fort, the major buildings are the prayer hall, a tomb and a mosque.<ref name=":0" /> There is an overhanging where executions took place.<ref name=Verma>{{cite book|title=Forts of India|last=Verma|first=Amrit|publisher=The Director, Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|pages=93–95|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-230-1002-8}}</ref> There are many gates structures protecting this fort. Mana Daravaja is one of the many gates of the fort. Its also called the origin of Tune.
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| At the centre of the fort is a water pond which is called 'Badami Talav', and to the south of this pond are statues of Jijabai and a young Shiva. In the fort there are two water springs, called Ganges and Yamuna, which have water throughout the year. Two kilometers away from this fort there are the Buddhist rock-cut caves, called [[Lenyadri]] caves, which is also one of [[Ashtavinayak]] temple in Maharashtra. It has been declared as a protected monument.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asimumbaicircle.com/images/list-of-protected-monuments-n-forts.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606093840/http://www.asimumbaicircle.com/images/list-of-protected-monuments-n-forts.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=June 6, 2013 |title=List of the protected monuments of Mumbai Circle district-wise|access-date=4 July 2015}}
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| </ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-04-10|title=Lenyadri Group of Caves, Junnar - Ticketed Monument - Archaeological Survey of India|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_junnarcaves.asp|access-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410125940/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_junnarcaves.asp|archive-date=2009-04-10}}</ref>
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| ==Access==
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| The nearest town [[Junnar]] is a taluka place and is well connected by road. Junnar is about 90 km from [[Pune]]. The fort is at about 2–3 km from the junnar town. It is easy to reach the fort top via main entrance, however the trekkers with proper climbing equipment can try the chain route which is located on the western scarp of the fort. From the top of the fort, [[Narayangad]], [[Hadsar]], [[Chavand, Maharashtra|Chavand]] and [[Nimgiri]] forts can easily be seen.
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| [[File:Shivneri pic2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Stairs Leading to Shivneri Fort]]
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| [[File:Shivneri.pic.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mandir at Shivneri Fort]]
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| [[File:Shivneripic5.jpg|thumb|center|250px|sideview of Shivneri Fort]]
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| ==See also==
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| *[[List of forts in Maharashtra]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|3}}
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| ==Further reading==
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| * Lahu Gaikwad Shivneri kilyacha Itihas Pub. Pushpnand prakashan pune 2011. {{ISBN|978-81-907033-8-3}}. Book in Marathi language.
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| * Lahu Gaikwad, Junnar Talukyatil Kilyancha Ithis, Pushpnand prakashan Pune 11 March 2011.{{ISBN|978-81-907033-9-0}}.
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| * Dr. Lahu Kacharu Shivnerichi Jeevangatha, The life-story of fort shivneri, Sanay prakashan, Narayngaon, Jan 2015. p. 225.
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| {{Forts in India}}
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| {{commons category|Shivneri}}
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| * [http://www.junnartourism.com Junnar Tourism's Official Website]
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| * [http://www.hachikotourism.in Parashar Agritourism Website]
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| {{Forts in Maharashtra}}
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| {{Forts in India}}
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| [[Category:Buildings and structures of the Maratha Empire]]
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| [[Category:Forts in Pune district]]
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