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Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai: Difference between revisions
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}} | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name | | name = Mannathu Padmanabhan | ||
| image | | image = Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai 1989 stamp of India.jpg | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
|honorific_prefix = Bharata Kesari | | honorific_prefix = Bharata Kesari | ||
| caption | | caption = Mannam's stamp released on 2 January 1989, by the [[Government of India]] | ||
| birth_date | | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1878|01|02}} | ||
| birth_name | | birth_name = Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai | ||
| birth_place | | birth_place = [[Perunna]], [[Changanassery]], [[Travancore|Kingdom of Travanvore]]<br>(present day [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]], [[Kerala]], India) | ||
| death_date | | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1970|02|25|1878|01|02}} | ||
| death_place | | death_place = [[Perunna]], [[Changanassery]], [[Kerala]], India | ||
| resting_place = Perunna | | resting_place = Perunna | ||
| monuments | | monuments = Mannam Memorial, [[Changanassery]] | ||
| nationality | | nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]] | ||
|other_names | | other_names = {{Unbulleted_list|Mannam|Bharata Kesari|[[Madan Mohan Malaviya]] of Kerala}} | ||
| occupation | | occupation = {{hlist|[[Social reformer]]|[[Teacher]]|[[Lawyer]]|[[Politician]]}} | ||
| era | | era = Reformation in Kerala | ||
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] | | party = [[Indian National Congress]] | ||
| organization | | organization = [[Nair Service Society]], Democratic Congress (Political Party) | ||
| known_for | | known_for = Founder of the [[Nair Service Society]] | ||
| movement | | movement = {{Unbulleted_list|Savarna Jadha|[[Vaikom Satyagraha]]|[[Vimochana Samaram]]}} | ||
| boards | | boards = [[Travancore Devaswom Board]] | ||
| denomination | | denomination = | ||
| spouse | | spouse = {{Unbulleted_list|{{Marriage|Mechettu Kalyani Amma|1901|1912|reason=died}}|{{Marriage|[[Thottakkattu Madhaviamma|Thottakkattu Madhavi Amma]]|1932|1968}}}} | ||
| parents | | parents = {{Unbulleted_list|Nilavana Illam Easwaran Namboothiri|Mannathu Parvathy Amma}} | ||
| works | | works = {{ublist|''Pancha Kalyani Niroopanam ''|''Ente Jeevitha Smaranakal''}} | ||
| honours | | honours = [[Padma Bhushan]],Prestigious Bharata Kesari title from the [[President of India]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
==Political life== | ==Political life== | ||
He fought for social equality, the first phase being the [[Vaikom Satyagraha]], demanding the public roads near the temple at Vaikom be opened to low caste Hindus.He took part in the [[Vaikom]](1924) and [[Guruvayoor]](1931) temple-entry Satyagrahas; the anti-[[Dalit|untouchability]] agitations. He opened his family temple for everyone, irrespective of caste distinction<ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/01/03/stories/2002010303670300.htm Mannam-The Hindu]</ref> He became a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1946 and took part in the agitation against Sir C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer's administration in Travancore.<ref name=rrtd_mannathu /> As the first president of [[Travancore Devaswom Board]] he revitalised many temples which had almost ceased to function.<ref name=ip_mannathu /> On May 25, 1947 Padmanabhan delivered his famous Muthukulam Speech at [[Muthukulam]], [[Alappuzha]]. He was arrested for [[Indian Freedom Movement]] on 14 June 1947. | He fought for social equality, the first phase being the [[Vaikom Satyagraha]], demanding the public roads near the temple at Vaikom be opened to low caste Hindus.He took part in the [[Vaikom]](1924) and [[Guruvayoor]](1931) temple-entry Satyagrahas; the anti-[[Dalit|untouchability]] agitations. He opened his family temple for everyone, irrespective of caste distinction<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080407194840/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/01/03/stories/2002010303670300.htm Mannam-The Hindu]</ref> He became a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1946 and took part in the agitation against Sir C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer's administration in Travancore.<ref name=rrtd_mannathu /> As the first president of [[Travancore Devaswom Board]] he revitalised many temples which had almost ceased to function.<ref name=ip_mannathu /> On May 25, 1947 Padmanabhan delivered his famous Muthukulam Speech at [[Muthukulam]], [[Alappuzha]]. He was arrested for [[Indian Freedom Movement]] on 14 June 1947. | ||
In 1949, Padmanabhan became a member of the Travancore Legislative Assembly. In 1959, he along with Christian Churches led a united opposition against the State [[Communist]] Ministry, which became known as the ''[[Vimochana Samaram]]'' (liberation struggle). The cause of the ''[[Vimochana Samaram]]'' was the introduction of | In 1949, Padmanabhan became a member of the Travancore Legislative Assembly. In 1959, he along with Christian Churches led a united opposition against the State [[Communist]] Ministry, which became known as the ''[[Vimochana Samaram]]'' (liberation struggle). The cause of the ''[[Vimochana Samaram]]'' was the introduction of Land reforms Bill by the Minister KR Gowri , and this movement caused the dismissal of the Communist government under [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] on 31 July 1959.<ref name=ip_mannathu /> After the success of the movement he famously tethered a white horse at the Kerala Secretariat building as he had challenged to do if the dismissal was successful. The consequence of the dismissal was the beginning of President's rule in the state under Article 356 of the Indian Constitution.<ref name=rrtd_mannathu /><ref>[http://www.firstministry.kerala.gov.in/vimochna.htm ‘Liberation’ struggle - Kerala's First Government] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419181916/http://www.firstministry.kerala.gov.in/vimochna.htm |date=19 April 2012 }}</ref> In 1964 he was instrumental in the formation of Kerala Congress, the first regional party in India | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
Revision as of 22:44, 30 October 2021
Bharata Kesari Mannathu Padmanabhan | |
|---|---|
 Mannam's stamp released on 2 January 1989, by the Government of India | |
| Born | Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai 2 January 1878 |
| Died | 25 February 1970 (aged 92) |
| Resting place | Perunna |
| Monuments | Mannam Memorial, Changanassery |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Other names |
|
| Occupation | |
| Era | Reformation in Kerala |
| Organization | Nair Service Society, Democratic Congress (Political Party) |
| Known for | Founder of the Nair Service Society |
Works |
|
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Movement |
|
| Board member of | Travancore Devaswom Board |
| Spouse(s) |
|
| Parent(s) |
|
| Honours | Padma Bhushan,Prestigious Bharata Kesari title from the President of India |
Mannathu Padmanabhan (2 January 1878 – 25 February 1970) was an Indian social reformer and freedom fighter from the south-western state of Kerala. He is recognised as the founder of the Nair Service Society (NSS), which represents the Nair community that constitutes 15.5% of the population of the state.[1] Padmanabhan is considered as a visionary reformer who organised the Nair community under the NSS.[2]
Early life
Mannathu Padmanabhan Pillai was born in Perunna village in Changanacherry, Kottayam District, British India on 2 January 1878 to Easwaran Namboothiri of Nilavana Illam and Mannathu Parvathy Amma.[3] He began his career as a teacher in 1893 in a Government primary school. After a few years, from 1905 he changed his profession and started practicing law, in the Magistrates Courts.[2][4]
Nair Service Society
On 31 October 1914, with the help of a few others, he established the Nair Service Society. His main ambition was to uplift the status of the Nair community. From 1915 onwards, he gave up law practice and became full-time secretary of the Nair Service Society.[4] Mannam revived and reshaped the old concept of village societies, the Karayogams, which practically set the tenor of family and village life. In 1924-25 the NSS persuaded the Travancore Government to enact the Nair Regulation which broke up the matriarchal joint family providing for paternal and maternal property to be divided among all the children.[2] Padmanabhan was involved with the Nair Service Society as its secretary for 31 years and as its president for three years. He was honoured with the title Bharata Kesari by the President of India.[4] He also received Padma Bhushan in 1966.[2][5]
On January 2, 2019, Nair Service Society celebrated the 142nd Mannam Jayanthi at NSS headquarters, Perunna in Changanassery.[6]
Political life
He fought for social equality, the first phase being the Vaikom Satyagraha, demanding the public roads near the temple at Vaikom be opened to low caste Hindus.He took part in the Vaikom(1924) and Guruvayoor(1931) temple-entry Satyagrahas; the anti-untouchability agitations. He opened his family temple for everyone, irrespective of caste distinction[7] He became a member of the Indian National Congress in 1946 and took part in the agitation against Sir C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer's administration in Travancore.[4] As the first president of Travancore Devaswom Board he revitalised many temples which had almost ceased to function.[2] On May 25, 1947 Padmanabhan delivered his famous Muthukulam Speech at Muthukulam, Alappuzha. He was arrested for Indian Freedom Movement on 14 June 1947.
In 1949, Padmanabhan became a member of the Travancore Legislative Assembly. In 1959, he along with Christian Churches led a united opposition against the State Communist Ministry, which became known as the Vimochana Samaram (liberation struggle). The cause of the Vimochana Samaram was the introduction of Land reforms Bill by the Minister KR Gowri , and this movement caused the dismissal of the Communist government under E. M. S. Namboodiripad on 31 July 1959.[2] After the success of the movement he famously tethered a white horse at the Kerala Secretariat building as he had challenged to do if the dismissal was successful. The consequence of the dismissal was the beginning of President's rule in the state under Article 356 of the Indian Constitution.[4][8] In 1964 he was instrumental in the formation of Kerala Congress, the first regional party in India
Death
Padmanabhan died on 25 February 1970[4] at the age of 92, after age related complications. Mannam memorial (or Samādhi) is located at NSS Headquarters Changanacherry. He is regarded as the reformer and moral guide of the members of Nair community.
Template:Reformation in Kerala
See also
- Nair Service Society
- Mahatma Gandhi College
- Mannam Memorial N.S.S College
- NSS College of Engineering
Notes
- ↑ Socio Economic Survey by Govt. of Kerala, 1968
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "M. Padmanabhan". IndianPost, Govt of India. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
- ↑ http://nss.org.in/about-mannam/
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Mannathu Padmanabhan (1878-1970) - MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING, Govt of India
- ↑ KERALA - THE GOD'S OWN COUNTRY THROUGH INDIAN STAMPS Archived 29 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Curtains come down on Mannam Jayanthy". The Hindu. Kottayam. 2 January 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
- ↑ Mannam-The Hindu
- ↑ ‘Liberation’ struggle - Kerala's First Government Archived 19 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
References
- Postage stamp issued details on Mannathu Padmanabhan
- V. Balakrishnan & R. Leela Devi, 1982, Mannathu Padmanabhan and the revival of Nairs in Kerala, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
- Brief Biography by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of INDIA
- Mannathu Padmanabhan-Indian Post
External links
- Indian independence activists from Kerala
- Malayali politicians
- Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in social work
- Politicians from Kottayam
- 1878 births
- 1970 deaths
- Indian social reformers
- Social workers
- 20th-century Indian educational theorists
- 19th-century Indian educational theorists
- Social workers from Kerala
- People from Changanassery
- History of Changanassery
- Kerala Congress politicians