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{{Infobox royalty | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| title = Paramabhattaraka, Maharajadhiraja, Paramesvara | | title = Paramabhattaraka, Maharajadhiraja, Paramesvara | ||
| image = | | image = | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
| succession = 4th [[Gurjara-Pratihara]] king | | succession = 4th [[Gurjara-Pratihara]] king | ||
| reign = {{circa|805|833}} | | reign = {{circa|805|833}} | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
| mother = Sundari-Devi | | mother = Sundari-Devi | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Nagabhata II''' (reign 805–833) ascended the throne of the [[ | '''Nagabhata II''' (reign 805–833) ascended the throne of the [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty]] after his father [[Vatsraja]].<ref>{{cite book | ||
| title =A historical review of Hindu India: 300 B. C. to 1200 A. D. | | title =A historical review of Hindu India: 300 B. C. to 1200 A. D. | ||
| author =Panchānana Rāya | | author =Panchānana Rāya | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
| year =1939 | | year =1939 | ||
| page =125 | | page =125 | ||
}}</ref> His mother was queen Sundari-Devi. He was designated with imperial titles - ''Paramabhattaraka'', ''Maharajadhiraja'', and ''Paramesvara'' after conquest of [[Kannauj]].{{sfn|Rama Shankar Tripathi|1964|p=233}} | }}</ref> His mother was queen Sundari-Devi. He was designated with imperial titles - ''Paramabhattaraka'', ''Maharajadhiraja'', and ''Paramesvara'' after conquest of [[Kannauj]].{{sfn|Rama Shankar Tripathi|1964|p=233}}<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Rajasthan |first1=Rima |last1=Hooja |publisher=Rupa & Company |year=2006 |location=Rajasthan |pages=275|isbn=8129108909}}</ref> | ||
==Reign== | ==Reign== | ||
Nagabhata II finds a mention in the Gwalior inscription. He defeated the rulers of Andhra, Vidarbha, Kalinga, Matsyas, Vatsas and the | {{see also | Kannauj#The_Kannauj_Triangle | l1= The Kannauj Triangle wars}} | ||
Nagabhata II finds a mention in the Gwalior inscription. He defeated the rulers of Sindhu, Andhra, Vidarbha, Kalinga, Matsyas, Vatsas, Malavas, Kiratas, Anartas and the Arabs. He had defeated [[Saindhava]] ruler Ranaka I and conquered the western [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] (now in [[Gujarat]]).<ref>History of Rajasthan Rima Hooja pg - 276 Roopa Publishers</ref><ref name="Sen1999">{{cite book|author=Sailendra Nath Sen|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA343|date=1 January 1999|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-81-224-1198-0|pages=343}}</ref> He also defeated [[Ayudha dynasty# Chakrayudha|Chakrayudh at Kannauj]].<ref name=Sen>Sen, S.N., 2013, A Textbook of Medieval Indian History, Delhi: Primus Books, {{ISBN|9789380607344}}</ref>{{rp|20}} He was later defeated by the [[Rashtrakuta]] [[Govinda III|Emperor Govinda III]] (793–814) and lost Malwa and Gujarat. However, he recovered [[Malwa]] from the [[Rashtrakuta]]s, conquered [[Kanauj]] and the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] as far as [[Bihar]] from the [[Pala Dynasty|Palas]], and again checked the [[Muslim]]s in the west. [[Kanauj]] became the center of the Pratihara state, which covered much of northern [[India]] during the peak of their power (836–910).{{sfn|Rama Shankar Tripathi|1964|p=233}} | |||
An inscription of his descendant, [[Mihira Bhoja]] describes Nagabhata II as "who, desirous of the great growth of virtuous acts, enjoined in the Veda, performed a series of religious ceremonies according to the custom of [[Kshatriya]] families." Nagabhata is said to have been a devotee of [[Bhagavati]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Rajasthan Through the Ages,Studies in Indian history |first1=S.R. Bakshi |last1=R.K. Gupta |publisher=Swarup & Sons|year=2008 |location=Rajasthan |pages=42|volume=1|isbn=9788176258418}}</ref> | |||
Nagabhatta faced a large Pala army in his early career, which had an elephant force of 50,000, led by King Dharmapala himself at [[Mungar]], Nagabhata emerged victorious. The Chatsu Inscription of his [[Guhila]] feudatory Baladitya (813 AD) states that Shankaragana Guhila, who fought on the behalf of Vatsaraja fulfilled his vow by {{quote|"defeating Bhata, the Gauda ruler, in battle, and presented the earth at his master’s(Vatsaraja) feet”.}}<ref name="8129108909 p277-285">{{cite book|title=A History of Rajasthan |first1=Rima |last1=Hooja |publisher=Rupa & Company |year=2006 |location=Rajasthan |pages=277|isbn=8129108909}}</ref> | |||
Nagabhata II was succeeded by [[Ramabhadra]]. Some earlier historians identified Nagabhata with [[Āma]], who according to the Jain accounts, died in 832-833 CE (see [[Āma#Identification with Nagabhata II]]). Based on this identification, Nagabhata's reign is theorized to have ended around 833 CE. Historian Shyam Manohar Mishra, who disagrees with this identification, places Nagabhata's death around 825 CE.{{sfn|Shyam Manohar Mishra|1977|pp=121-124}} | Nagabhata II was succeeded by [[Ramabhadra]]. Some earlier historians identified Nagabhata with [[Āma]], who according to the Jain accounts, died in 832-833 CE (see [[Āma#Identification with Nagabhata II]]). Based on this identification, Nagabhata's reign is theorized to have ended around 833 CE. Historian Shyam Manohar Mishra, who disagrees with this identification, places Nagabhata's death around 825 CE.{{sfn|Shyam Manohar Mishra|1977|pp=121-124}} | ||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|30em}} | |||
=== Bibliography === | |||
* {{cite book |author=Rama Shankar Tripathi |title=History of Kanauj: To the Moslem Conquest |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U8GPENMw_psC&pg=PA211 |year=1964 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0478-4 }} | |||
* {{cite book |author=Shyam Manohar Mishra |title=Yaśovarman of Kanauj |publisher=Abhinav |year=1977 |oclc=5782454 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZWgj-YMdVEC&pg=PA123 }} | |||
{{S-start}} | {{S-start}} | ||
| Line 34: | Line 48: | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{S-end}} | {{S-end}} | ||
{{Gurjara-Pratihara kings}} | {{Gurjara-Pratihara kings}} | ||
| Line 49: | Line 55: | ||
[[Category:833 deaths]] | [[Category:833 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:Pratihara empire]] | [[Category:Pratihara empire]] | ||
{{India-royal-stub}} | {{India-royal-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 14:24, 31 October 2021
| Nagabhata II | |
|---|---|
| Paramabhattaraka, Maharajadhiraja, Paramesvara | |
| 4th Gurjara-Pratihara king | |
| Reign | c. 805 – c. 833 |
| Predecessor | Vatsaraja |
| Successor | Ramabhadra |
| Father | Vatsaraja |
| Mother | Sundari-Devi |
Nagabhata II (reign 805–833) ascended the throne of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty after his father Vatsraja.[1] His mother was queen Sundari-Devi. He was designated with imperial titles - Paramabhattaraka, Maharajadhiraja, and Paramesvara after conquest of Kannauj.[2][3]
Reign[edit | edit source]
Nagabhata II finds a mention in the Gwalior inscription. He defeated the rulers of Sindhu, Andhra, Vidarbha, Kalinga, Matsyas, Vatsas, Malavas, Kiratas, Anartas and the Arabs. He had defeated Saindhava ruler Ranaka I and conquered the western Saurashtra (now in Gujarat).[4][5] He also defeated Chakrayudh at Kannauj.[6]:20 He was later defeated by the Rashtrakuta Emperor Govinda III (793–814) and lost Malwa and Gujarat. However, he recovered Malwa from the Rashtrakutas, conquered Kanauj and the Indo-Gangetic Plain as far as Bihar from the Palas, and again checked the Muslims in the west. Kanauj became the center of the Pratihara state, which covered much of northern India during the peak of their power (836–910).[2]
An inscription of his descendant, Mihira Bhoja describes Nagabhata II as "who, desirous of the great growth of virtuous acts, enjoined in the Veda, performed a series of religious ceremonies according to the custom of Kshatriya families." Nagabhata is said to have been a devotee of Bhagavati.[7]
Nagabhatta faced a large Pala army in his early career, which had an elephant force of 50,000, led by King Dharmapala himself at Mungar, Nagabhata emerged victorious. The Chatsu Inscription of his Guhila feudatory Baladitya (813 AD) states that Shankaragana Guhila, who fought on the behalf of Vatsaraja fulfilled his vow by
"defeating Bhata, the Gauda ruler, in battle, and presented the earth at his master’s(Vatsaraja) feet”.
Nagabhata II was succeeded by Ramabhadra. Some earlier historians identified Nagabhata with Āma, who according to the Jain accounts, died in 832-833 CE (see Āma#Identification with Nagabhata II). Based on this identification, Nagabhata's reign is theorized to have ended around 833 CE. Historian Shyam Manohar Mishra, who disagrees with this identification, places Nagabhata's death around 825 CE.[9]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Panchānana Rāya (1939). A historical review of Hindu India: 300 B. C. to 1200 A. D. I. M. H. Press. p. 125.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rama Shankar Tripathi 1964, p. 233.
- ↑ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rajasthan: Rupa & Company. p. 275. ISBN 8129108909.
- ↑ History of Rajasthan Rima Hooja pg - 276 Roopa Publishers
- ↑ Sailendra Nath Sen (1 January 1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New Age International. p. 343. ISBN 978-81-224-1198-0.
- ↑ Sen, S.N., 2013, A Textbook of Medieval Indian History, Delhi: Primus Books, ISBN 9789380607344
- ↑ R.K. Gupta, S.R. Bakshi (2008). Rajasthan Through the Ages,Studies in Indian history. Vol. 1. Rajasthan: Swarup & Sons. p. 42. ISBN 9788176258418.
- ↑ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rajasthan: Rupa & Company. p. 277. ISBN 8129108909.
- ↑ Shyam Manohar Mishra 1977, pp. 121-124.
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Rama Shankar Tripathi (1964). History of Kanauj: To the Moslem Conquest. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0478-4.
- Shyam Manohar Mishra (1977). Yaśovarman of Kanauj. Abhinav. OCLC 5782454.
| Preceded by Vatsaraja (780–800) |
Gurjara Pratihara Emperor 750–780 |
Succeeded by Ramabhadra (833–836) |
 | This biography of a member of an Indian royal house is a stub. You can help Bharatpedia by expanding it. |